Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

ACCOUNTANCY BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

Utilization of G-cash Application

Among SHS Learners

Thea Krysha A. Patriarca

Keylyn Joy T. Palorma
Renz Hope V. Dagohoy
Shane Mekaela B. Sorongon
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

CHAPTER 1
Introduction

Background of the study

The huge increase in demand for contactless payment outstanding outcome for large
business offering cashless solution. The use of digital financial services has increased
significantly in recent years, and this tendency is present among many different
demographic groups, including students in senior high school (SHS). The G-Cash
application is one well-known digital banking service that is becoming increasingly popular
among this group. A variety of financial and transactional services, such as money
transfers, bill payments, and online shopping, are offered by G-Cash, a mobile wallet and
financial services platform in the Philippines. Students among other users find it to be an
appealing option due to its accessibility and convenience.

G-cash was lunches at October 2004 as an STATS-Based money transfer service. It was
the Globe-Telecom’s answer to smart communications. SMART PADALA which aimed to
serve to majority of Filipinos who lacked access formal bailing services at the time.
Financial services have been steadily transitioning from cash to cards to digital transactions
with the current financial crisis serving as one of the driving forces.

June 2020, plumb in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, Sazon came on board at
Mynt, a fintech startup partnership between Globe, the Philippines-based conglomerate
Ayala Group, Ant Group and New York based private equity firm Bow Wave Capital. She
acknowledged that the first few months were a struggle as she came to grips with a new
industry. Conversations with potential investors in GCash went on for months. But things
changed for the better through the course of the year, thanks to GCash’s remarkable growth
trajectory. In January 2020, GCash had 20 million users which had expanded to 33 million
by the end of the year. As of July 2021, the number of users stands at around 46 million.

These issues will be addressed in this study, which also intends to give readers a thorough
picture of how SHS students use the G-Cash app. The results of this study will add to the
larger conversation on financial literacy, digital transformation, and inclusion, especially in
relation to the younger generation. Given that SHS students make up a significant portion of
the population and the potential customers for financial goods and services, it is critical to
understand how digital financial services affect their financial behaviors and views.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

Statement of the Problem

Specifically the students seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the usage transaction level among SHS learners when grouped according to sex and
grade level?
2. Is there a significance difference in the Gcash usage transaction level among SHS learners,
when grouped according to sex and grade level?

HYPOTHESIS
1. There is no significant difference in the Gcash usage transaction level among SHS
learners when grouped according to sex and grade level?

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following words are conceptually and operationally
defined:

Utilization. The process of using something effective (Cambridge Dictionary 2023).

In this study, Utilization refers to the act of using something, such as resources or
capabilities in order to achieve q particular purpose or goal.

G-cash. Is a leading mobile wallet in the Philippines that you can download and install on youth
smartphone to perform digital transactions like fund transfer, bills payments, shopping, investing and
more, (Moneygou Philippines Corporation 2023).

In this study, G-cash refers to a form of electronic money which allows customer who
registered to G-cash services to easily and conveniently send and receive cash as well as make
payment electronically.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

Application. Something such as a job or membership of an organization is formal written request for
it (Collins Dictionary 2023).

In this study, Application refers to the act of putting something into operation or
practice, particularly in a specific content or for a specific purpose.

Senior High School. A SHS or a Senior High School is a school for students between ages of 14 or
15 and 17 or 18.(Collins Dictionary 2023).

In this study, SHS refers to a student who are enrolled between the ages of
16 to 18 years old and are pursuing their financial two years of secondary education before entering
college of the workforce.

Learners. Is someone who is learning about a particular subject or how to do something (Collins
Dictionary 2023).

In this study, learners refers to a simplified and accessable explanation of term or

concept aimed at individuals who are in the process of learning about a particular subject.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to provide valuable insights in the adoption, impact, challenges, and
opportunities associated with digital financial services among young individuals. Furthermore, this
study can be beneficial to the following.

Students. The result of the study can empower Senior High School learners by providing insights
into how they can effectively use G-cash for financial transaction.

Parents. They can assist parents in understanding how their children use G-cash and potential
benefits of digital financial services.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

Online Transactions Developers. The findings of the study can provide valuable insights for
developers of online transaction platforms, including G-cash.

Entrepreneurs. This can help entrepreneur identity market opportunities related to G-cash usage
among Senior High School learners.

Scope and Delimitation

This quantitative study will focus on Senior High School Learner's who are actively using G-
cash, a mobile money services in the Philippines. This includes understanding the frequency of G-
cash usage, types of transactions conducted, and purpose for which G-cash is being used. This study
will be conducted by the Senior High School who are engaging with G- cash transaction in Rufino G.
Palabrica Senior National High School.

Theoretical Framework:

This study will be anchored in Technology acceptance. Model by Davis in

1980's.Davis or Fred David is the one who developed Technology acceptance, this is the
most widely applied model user acceptance and usage of technology (Venkatesh, 2000).
This was developed by Fred David and Richard Bagozzi.

TAM is a theory of information systems that explains how human interact with and use
technology. When people introduced to new technology, the concept claims that a variety of
factors and influence how and when they utilized it.

Classic TAM has the advantages of being made up of reliable instrument, as well as being
simple and empirically sound (Wang et all, 2011: Paulou 2003).On the other hand, the

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

traditional technology acceptance model fails to account for all critical variable that may
influence costumers adoption of various technologies in various business, TAM, For
example, excludes social influence, which may have impact on consumers willingness to
use mobile payments in school. Consumers will be able to observe their friends acts when
dining out and using their phones in public places, and they will be able to change their
conduct in response to their significant other's reactions (NYSUEEN et al. 2005).

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Paradigm of the study

Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable

G-cash Users
G-cash usage transaction level

Senior High School Level

 Sex
 Grade
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

Figure 1: Presents the paradigm of the study

Figure 1 Presents the paradigm of the study where it consists two variables, Senior High
School as an independent variable and G-cash usage level as the dependent variable.

This figure presents the expected range of the G-cash usage level of the Senior High
School learners according to their sex and grade level.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

ACCOUNTANCY BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses the literature that the researchers primarily compiled in order to
verify and validate the claims presented in the current study. The theme of the research can
be foreseen by the gathered information that will be used as evidence of the findings of the
study itself. It provides the characteristics, details, descriptions, and the overall usefulness
of GCash to SHS Students.

The Composition and Regulations of GCash

Not only the extent, but also the way in which Filipinos have adopted mobile have been
key enablers of mobile money success. GSMA (2019), which is a main source of data that
analyzes the state of finance of our country, conducted a research that states that the
country is the texting capital of the world and Filipino mobile users are highly SMS literate,
which made the proposition of conducting financial transactions on a handset somewhat
more intuitive. Although the access to finance is lower than the country would like it to be,
latent demand for financial services clearly existed, which was evident from a thriving quasi-
financial sector and sizable domestic and international remittance flows. Furthermore, not
only did the ecosystems in our country enable both markets to incentivize participants who
use them but they also accept cards in terms of digital payments as well.

The study further conjugated that The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) has enabled
mobile money success through their progressive regulations. With BSP enabling mobile
operators to offer e-money, empowering non banks to perform cash in/out and providing
legal certainty to formalize rules have all contributed to success in the market. SMART and
Globe’s ability to design strong offerings and subsequently build and align the interests of
supporting ecosystems have been the final and critical enabler of success. While the factors
described by the study above have enabled the Philippines to become one of the most
successful mobile money markets in the world, the research conducted also identified that
there are other factors that have constrained growth to some extent.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

According to Maniego-Eala (2018) who is a contributor of information regarding the study of

digital regulations, set a foundation that says that understanding the way that the following areas
served as constraints (but if addressed can be considered as enablers of future growth) is relevant not
just in the context of the Philippines, but in any market seeking to understand the way that design of
regulatory frameworks, ecosystems and service offerings can impact success. The three areas
include: authority and incentives for agents to perform customer registration, rules impacting ability
to scale the number of non-bank cash in/out agents, and brand identification and relevance to the base
of pyramid customers.

The Philippines is among the most advanced mobile money markets in the world (Ignacio, 2017).
In 2001, SMART Communications launched SMART Money in partnership with Banco de Oro. The
service, which uses SIM Tool-Kit, enables customers to buy airtime, send and receive money
domestically and internationally via mobile, and pay for goods using a card. To compete with their
main competitor, in 2004 Globe Telecom launched GCash–an SMS-based offering–which offers a
similar suite of functionality entirely using the mobile phone.

For customers that access GCash, the main variant of the application itself is through either a
SIM browsing menu or SMS. To date, the survey suggests that customers have strongly preferred the
SMS option rather than the browsing menu. Any transaction type that is initiated by the customers or
users of GCash (whether it is a money transfer, tuition payment, or retail purchase) are done by first
entering the recipient’s phone number and then filling-in the required information in an SMS
message. The study deducted that just 26% of Filipinos have access to formal financial services but
clear evidence of the need and demand for them existed prior to the launch of GCash and SMART
Money: there are many large domestic remittance providers that have served the Philippines in
addition to a ubiquitous quasi-financial services sector.

According to Cudis, C. (2019) in his article "GCash Strengthens Dominance in PH" GCash,
being the leader in the mobile wallet segment, aims to continuously innovate and improve the
user experience through added-value services and features. They also stated that mostly people
who use mobile wallets prefer GCash among others because it charges low or no service fees for
digital transactions.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

Users feel safe to use online transactions with GCash because it also provides users with
increased security and peace of mind when using the app with the recent launch of Customer
Protect, a program that provides compensation for unauthorized financial transactions on their
Gcash app.

Acceptance and adoption of cashless transactions in SHS learners

Various studies emphasize the growing acceptance and adoption of cashless transaction
modes, especially among younger populations like students (Adhikari & Nath, 2017; Oruta &
Irura, 2019). Some findings illustrate students' preferences for using Gcash due to its
convenience, efficiency, and safe cashless transactions (Ndung'u, 2018). However, studies
directly focusing on the utilization of Gcash among SHS learners remain scant.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

ACCOUNTANCY BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 3

Methodology

This chapter includes the Research Design, Respondents of the study, and the Data gathering
instruments. It also includes the methods and procedures, and statistical tools used in the study.

Research Design and Methods

The researcher will use the descriptive method of research design. According to Bayat(2007),
descriptive research is collecting data, that will explain the situation more completely and will give
objectivity that to current issues or problems.

Moreover, this study used descriptive design to accurately and systematically describe a
population, situation or phenomenon. The researchers will requested the respondents to freely
respond to the questions in order to get the necessary data.

Respondents of the study

The respondents of the study were choosen using the strategy called "Stratified Sampling".The
participants of the study are SHS student's of Rufino G. Palabrica SR. National High School.
According to Parsons (2017), stratified sampling is a probability sampling technique use in
sample survey.

Instrumentation

The researcher used an in-depth interview guide questions as a research instrument in order
to get a thorough information during the interview process. The respondents of the study was
validated by the SHS learner's of Rufino G. Palabrica SR. National High School.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
RUFINO G. PALABRICA SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN MATIAS DINGLE, ILOILO

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

A letter of request to conduct the study was prepared. The researcher constructed a
questionnaire checklist, validated by the professor of the subject then the questionnaire
checklist are distributed. The researcher conducts the research in Rufino G. Palabrica Sr.
National High School through survey because of the advantages of the survey method. The
researcher explains to the respondents the importance of their response to the study. The
researcher clarifies some terms to the respondents so that the respondents can answer the
questionnaire with full knowledge of heir responsibility as the subject of the study. The
researcher requested the respondents to answer with all honesty. The researcher uses stratified
sampling, according to Parsons, the sampling units are probability technique use in sample
survey by the researcher. In this study since the researcher goal is to determine the importance
of Utilization of G-cash Application among SHS Learners, the researcher believes that this
method is the most appropriate in choosing the sample for the research. After the respondents
answered the questionnaire the researcher collected and tallied the data for interpretation. The
researcher asks a statistician to help in determining the appropriate statistical tools to be used
and in interpreting the data. Based on the data the researcher comes up with conclusion and
recommendations for this study.

Data Gathering Analysis

To analyze ang interpret the given data, the researchers employed following statistical

procedure.

1.Percentage

p=value ÷ total value × 100

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Results

Transaction Levels Among Senior High School Learners by Gender

The results from the study indicate that among Senior High School (SHS) learners, when

grouped by gender, both male and female students exhibit a moderate level of usage. Looking

at the data, the mean transaction level for male learners is 24.89, with a standard deviation of

6.49. This provides an indication of how frequently male learners are engaging in transactions

and how much variability there is within this group. A standard deviation of 6.49 suggests a
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
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Division of Iloilo
moderate range of transaction levels among male learners, pointing to a somewhat

diverse pattern of usage within this demographic.

For female learners, the mean transaction level is slightly higher, at 25.28, with a

standard deviation of 6.73. This shows that, on average, female learners conduct more

transactions compared to their male counterparts, although not by a significant margin. The

higher standard deviation for females indicates a slightly broader spread in their transaction

behaviors, suggesting that while the average transaction level is higher, there might be more

variation within this group.

Sex Year Level n SD Mean Interpretation

Male Grade 11 120 6.49 24.89 Moderate

Female Grade 12 120 6.73 25.28 Moderate

Figure 1. Analysis of Transaction Levels Among Senior High School Learners by

Gender

Based on the moderate mean values, both male and female learners exhibit a fairly

active level of usage in terms of transaction frequency. Despite this observed difference in the

mean transaction levels between genders, the similarity in standard deviations suggests that the

variability or dispersion of transaction data within each group is quite comparable. This indicates

that the pattern of GCash usage among Senior High School (SHS) learners is consistent across

gender, with both male and female students demonstrating moderate and active levels of usage.

The second research question aims to determine whether there is a significant

difference in the GCash usage transaction level among Senior High School (SHS) learners,
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
when grouped according to sex and grade level. This question explores whether

gender or grade plays a role in how frequently SHS learners use GCash for transactions.

Comparing GCash Transactions Among SHS Learners by Sex and Grade

This section is devoted to presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data gathered through the

survey relevant to the respondents’ GCash usage transaction levels among Senior High School

(SHS) learners, when grouped according to sex and grade level. The results indicate that the

difference in GCash usage between male and female learners is not statistically significant. The

data shows that male learners (n=120) have a mean transaction level of 24.81 with a standard

deviation of 6.49, while female learners (n=120) have a mean transaction level of 25.24 with a

standard deviation of 6.73. The p-value of 0.61 suggests that this small difference in means is

not significant, which leads to the acceptance of the null hypothesis.

Sex Year Level n SD Mean P-value Remarks

Male Grade 11 120 6.49 24.89 0.61 Accept Null

Hypothesis

Female Grade 12 120 6.73 25.28

Figure 2. Analysis of Comparison on GCash Transactions Among SHS Learners

by Sex and Grade

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
Based on the data collected, the findings suggest that there is no

statistically significant difference in GCash usage transaction levels between male and

female learners in the Senior High School Group.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The study explores the usage of G-Cash, a mobile money service, among Senior High

School (SHS) learners at Rufino G. Palabrica Sr. National High School. Using a descriptive

research design, the study gathered data through stratified sampling, focusing on SHS students

who actively use G-Cash.

The results showed that G-Cash usage among SHS learners is consistent regardless of

gender. Though there were slight differences between male and female learners, statistical

analysis indicated these differences were not significant, leading to the acceptance of the null

hypothesis. This suggests that G-Cash usage among SHS learners does not vary significantly

by sex or grade level.

The study's findings contribute to understanding how digital financial services like G-

Cash are used among SHS learners and open the door for further research into digital inclusion

and financial literacy among high school students. Additional studies could explore other factors

that affect G-Cash usage and their impact on students' financial behaviors and attitudes.

Conclusions
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
The researchers concluded that there is no significant difference in G-Cash

transaction levels among Senior High School (SHS) learners when grouped by sex. The mean

transaction levels for male and female learners are almost the same, with a p-value suggesting

that any difference is statistically insignificant. Thus, the null hypothesis, which posits that

there's no significant difference in G-Cash usage between male and female SHS learners, is

accepted.

The researchers also observed that the standard deviations for both groups are similar,

indicating a consistent spread of transaction values. This suggests that SHS learners,

regardless of gender, exhibit uniform G-Cash usage patterns.

The findings suggest that G-Cash is widely used among SHS learners, with no

significant gender-based differences in transaction behavior. This opens the door for further

studies examining other factors that might impact G-Cash usage among high school students.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are proposed:

Educators Schools should include financial literacy programs that specifically address

digital financial services like G-Cash. These programs can teach Senior High School (SHS)

students about budgeting, managing transactions, and understanding the implications of digital

banking. Educators can also encourage discussions on topics like security, online safety, and

responsible spending, giving students a broader perspective on digital finance.

Parents play an essential role in guiding their children toward responsible use of digital

financial services. They should engage in open conversations with their children about the

benefits and risks of using platforms like G-Cash, emphasizing the importance of budgeting and
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
saving. Parents can also set rules and boundaries to ensure their children are using

digital financial services in a way that aligns with family values.

Online Transaction Developers of platforms like G-Cash can focus on enhancing security

measures to protect younger users. This could involve implementing robust user authentication,

parental control features, and clear instructions on safe usage. Developers could also

incorporate educational content that guides users in making informed financial decisions.

Entrepreneurs should consider creating products or services that cater to the unique

needs of SHS students using G-Cash. This might include partnerships with schools to offer

exclusive deals or creating educational tools that integrate with the platform. By understanding

the transaction patterns of this demographic, entrepreneurs can identify new business

opportunities that align with SHS students' preferences.