MMT-007

ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET
(Valid from 1st January, 2024 to 31st December, 2024)

M.Sc. (Mathematics with Applications in Computer Science)

Differential Equations and Numerical Solutions (MMT-007)

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi,
New Delhi-110068
(2024)
Dear Student,
Please read the section on assignments and evaluation in the Programme Guide for Elective courses that
we sent you after your enrolment. A weightage of 20 per cent, as you are aware, has been assigned for
continuous evaluation of this course, which would consist of one tutor-marked assignment. The
assignment is in this booklet.

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2
 Assignment

Course Code: MMT-007

Assignment Code: MMT-007/TMA/2024
Maximum Marks: 100

1. a) Show that f ( x , y) = xy
i) satisfies a Lipschitz condition on any rectangle a ≤ x ≤ b and c ≤ y ≤ d ;
ii) satisfies a Lipschitz condition on any strip a ≤ x ≤ b and − ∞ < y < ∞ ;
iii) does not satisfy a Lipschitz condition on the entire plane. (4)

b) Use Frobenious method to find the series solution about x = 0 of the equation
d2y dy
x (1 − x ) 2 − (1 + 3x ) − y=0. (6)
dx dx

2. a) For the following differential equation locate and classify its singular points on the x-axis
i) x 3 ( x − 1) y ′′ − 2( x − 1) y ′ + 3xy = 0
ii) (3x + 1) xy ′′ − ( x + 1) y ′ + 2 y = 0 (2)

b) Show that L n +1 ( x ) = ( 2n + 1 − x ) L n ( x ) − n 2 L n −1 ( x ) . (2)

1
2n (n + 1)
c) Show that  x 2 Pn −1 ( x ) Pn +1 ( x ) dx =
( 2n − 1) ( 2n + 1) (2n + 3)
. (3)
−1

d) Construct Green’s function for the differential equation

xy ′′ + y ′ = 0, 0 < x < l

under the conditions that y(0) is bounded and y(l) = 0 . (3)

3. a) Show that between every successive pair of zeros of J 0 ( x ) there exists a zero of J 1 ( x ) . (2)

b) Using the transformation y = x 1 / 2 u, 2x 3 / 2 = 3z find the solution of the equation y ′′ + x y = 0

in terms of Bessel’s functions. (3)

∞
1
c) Show that  e −ax J 0 (bx ) dx = , a > 0 b > 0. (5)
0 a 2 + b2

cos t
4. a) Find the Laplace transform of . (4)
t

b) If k m and k n are distinct roots of Bessel function J p ( kb) = 0 with p ≥ 0, b > 0 then show
that
b 0 if m≠n
 2
 p m p n
x J ( k x ) J ( k x ) dx = b
[ ] m=n
. (6)
0  2 J p +1 (k n b) if

3
5. a) Solve the following IBVP using the Laplace transform technique:

u t = u xx , 0 < x < 1, t > 0 .

u (0, t ) = 1, u (1, t ) = 1, t > 0
u ( x, 0) = 1 + sin πx , 0 < x < 1 . (5)

b) If the Fourier cosine transform of f ( x ) is α n e − aα , then show that

2 n!cos(n + 1)θ
f (x) = n +1
. (5)
π 2
(a + x 2 ) 2

6. a) Find the displacement u ( x, t ) of an infinite string using the method of Fourier transform given
that the string is initially at rest and that the initial displacement is f ( x ), − ∞ < x < ∞ . (6)

b) Using Fourier integral representation show that

∞  0 if x<0
cos (αx ) + α sin (αx ) 
 1+ α2
dα =  π / 2 if x=0. (4)
0 πe − x if x>0


7. a) Using Runge-Kutta second order method with

(i) h = 0.1 , (ii) h = 0.2 , solve the initial value problem

2
y ′ = y sin x , y(0) = 1 .

Upto x = 0.4 . If the exact solution is y = sec x , obtain the error. (5)

b) Solve the heat conduction equation u t = u xx in the region R (0 ≤ x ≤ 1, t > 0) with the initial
and boundary conditions u ( x, 0) = 0, u (0, t ) = 0, u (1, t ) = t using Crank-Nicolson method
with h = 0.25 and λ = 1 upto two time steps. (5)

8. a) Using second order finite Difference method, solve the boundary value problem
y ′′ + 5 y ′ + 4 y = 1, y(0) = 0, y(1) = 0, h = 1 / 4 . (3)

b) Solve the wave equation u tt = u xx with the initial and boundary conditions
u ( x, 0) = 0, u t (x , 0) = 0, u (0, t ) = 0, u (1, t ) = 100 sin πt .
with h = k = 0.25 , using the explicit method upto four time levels. (7)

9. a) Find an approximate value of y(1.0) for the initial value problem

y ′ = x 3 − y 3 , y( 0 ) = 1

using the multiple method

h
y n +1 = y n + [7f n − 2f n −1 + f n − 2 ]
3

4
 with step length h = 0.2 . Calculate the starting values using Runge-Kutta second order
method with the same h . (5)

b) Using standard five point formula, solve the Laplace equation ∇ 2 u = 0 in R where R is the
square 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 subject to the boundary conditions u ( x, y) = x 2 − y 2 on
∂u
x = 0, y = 0, y = 1 and 3u + 2 = x 2 + y 2 on x = 1 . Assume h = k = 1 / 2 . (5)
∂x

10. a) Find an approximate value of y(1.0) for the initial value problem

y ′ = x − 2 y, y(0) = 1

using Milne-Simpson’s method

h
y n +1 = y n −1 + [f n +1 + 4f n + f n −1 ]
3

with the step length h = 0.2 . Calculate the starting value using Runge-Kutta fourth order
method with the same h. (6)

b) Using fourth order Taylor series method with h = 0.2 , solve the initial value problem

y ′ = x + cos y, y(0) = 0

upto x = 1 . (4)