ANSWER KEY TO PRACTICE TEST 135

A.MULTIPLECHOICE (40 PTS)

I.Grammar and Structures (5 pts) Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. Her mother told her not to be too _______and advised her to try to do things herself.
A. dependable B. depending C. dependent D. independent
2.Give me your telephone number _______I need your help.
A. in case B. so that C. unless D. whether
3.The question was easy enough, but _______students could answer it.
A. a little B. few C. a few D. a great number of
4._______the cave was found, millions of visitors from many countries have come to look at its
beauty.
A. When B. Since C. While D. Unless
5. This is the stone bed _______the king had lain before he died in the 14th century.
A. however B. of which C. wherever D. where
6. The coal and steel industries are among the productions_______ by the government.
A. control B. to control C. controlling D. controlled
7. I apologize. I shouldn’t_______ my temper.
A. have made B. have lost C. have showed D. have given
8. When you are in a western country, your host may open a wrapped gift in front of you. Opening a
present in front of the gift-giver is _______ polite.
A. acquired B. considered C. known D. called
9.Even if the host doesn’t like a present, he or she will tell a “white lie” and say _______ they like the
gift to prevent the guest from feeling bad.
A. how often B. what C. for what D. how much
10._______ the low rainfall this year, the crops did not produce a high yield.
A. Since B. Despite C. Due to D. Because

ANSWER: 1. C 2.A 3. B 4. B 5. D 6.D 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C

II. Phrasal verbs and Prepositions (5 pts) Choose the best option to complete the following
sentences
11. The color of your shirt does not _______ that of your trousers.
A. suit B. fit C. harmonize D. match
12.Expressing one’s _______is one skill that the school can really teach.
A. thinking B. thoughts C. thoughtfulness D. thoughtlessness
13.You are not allowed to drive _______the influence _______ alcohol.
A. under/of B. in/of C. under/by D. by/in
14.She was overwhelmed with honor _______ recognition _______ her bravery.
A. with/of B. on/in C. by/about D. in/of
15._______exception _______ the little baby, everybody in my family has to jog every morning.
A. With/to B. With/of C. In/of D. By/on
16.The staff can’t take leaves at the same time. They have to take holidays _______rotation.
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 A. on B. under C. by D. in
17.The interviewees are supposed to give their answers to the job offers _______.
A. on the spot B. all in all C. beyond the joke D. with in reach
18.The children often make _______ of Charles, which annoys his parents very much.
A. allowance B. fun C. way D. consideration
19. The picnic was cancelled __________________ bad weather.
A. in case of B. on condition C. because D. on account of
20.As a model, you have to _______ the art of walking in high heels.
A. master B. grasp C. study D. gain

ANSWER: 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A

III. Vocabulary (10 pts) Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
21. I was really looking forward to going to the game and I could hardly wait until the _____ day
came.
A. grand B. big C. major D. huge
22. This disagreement is likely to _____ relations between the two countries.
A. disaffect B. alienate C. sour D. estrange
23. I don’t want to be too ___ on Alice, but I think I should tell that her work isn’t good enough.
A. strict B. firm C. stern D. hard
24. Once the story _____ the headlines , everyone was talking about it.
A. crashed B. struck C. smashed D. hit
25. If I’m late for work again .I’ll be_____ a severe warning from my boss.
A. up to B. in for C. into D. after
26. Their flat is _____ of a place I used to live in .
A. mindful B. reminiscent C. memorable D. retrospective
27. Of all the paintings in the gallery, it was this one that really _____ my eye.
A. grasped B. snatched C. caught D. seized
28. Both the favourite and then the second favourite pulled out. Naturally, we thought we were
________ a chance.
A. un with B. in for C. in with D. up for
29. Despite all the interruptions, he _____ with his work
A. stuck at B. held on C. hung out D. pressed on
30. Nobody is quite sure what_____ him to such extreme behavior
A. shoved B. thrust C. pressed D. drove
31. I can’t understand why you have to make such a _____ about something so unimportant.
A. mess B. stir C. fuss D. bother
32. Despite being a very good student , she didn’t fulfill her _____later in life.
A. makings B. potential C. capability D. aptitude
33. You’re having problems now but I’m sure things will change _____the better soon.
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 A. on B. to C. by D. for
34. You can’t ______that criticism to all teachers!
A. apply B. employ C. associate D. lay
35. It’s not easy to make Stanley furious, the boy is very gentle by ______ .
A. himself B. personality C. reaction D. nature
36.This evidence should prove ______ that he was telling the truth .
A. once and for all B. now and then C. over and above D. from time to time
37. If you _____any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.
A. come about B. catch on C. run into D. face up
38. The Kenyan runner set off with a _____ in the 5000 metres.
A .blistering speed B. dizzy speed C.blistering pace D. dizzy pace
39. Poor management brought the company to the _____of collapse.
A. brink B. rim C. fringe D. make for
40. Josh was terribly nervous before the exam but he managed to pull himself _____and act
confidently
A. through B. over C. together D. off

ANSWER
:
21.A 22.C 23.D 24.D 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.C 29.D 30.D
31.C 32.B 33.D 34.A 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.C 39.A 40. C

IV.Guided Cloze Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space
Passage A: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Fill
each numbered blank with one suitable word from the list given below.
The shark is a meat- eating fish and one of the most feared animals of the sea. Scientists (41)
………… about 250 species of fish as sharks. These fish live in oceans (42)………..the world, but
they are most common in warm seas.
Sharks (43)………….greatly in size and habits. Whale sharks, the largest kind of shark, may grow
60 feet long. A whale shark weighs up to 15 tons, more than twice (44)…………….much as an
African elephant. The smallest shark may (45)…………..only 4 inches long and weigh less than 1
ounce. Some kinds of sharks live in the depths of the ocean, but (46)……………are found near the
surface. Some species live in coastal waters, but others (47)……………far out at sea. A few species
can even live in (48)…………..water.
All sharks are carnivores (meat- eaters). Most of them eat (49)…………fish, including other
sharks. A shark’s only natural enemy is a large shark. Sharks eat their prey whole, or they tear off
large chunks of flesh. They also (50)………………..on dead or dying animals.
41.A. classify B. divide C. organize D. arrange
42.A. all B. through C. throughout D. over
43.A. grow B. rise C. evolve D. vary
44. A. as B. so C. very D. exactly
45.A. stretch B. measure C. develop D. expand
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46.A. some others B. others C. different kinds D. some sharks
47.A. dwell B. exist C. emigrate D. migrate
48.A. fresh B. sweet C. light D. clear
49.A. uncooked B. live C. lively D. alive
50. A. eat B. swallow C. exist D. feed

ANSWER: 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 4 6. B 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. D

Passage B: Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
Write your answer (A, B, C or D) in the numbered box.
One of the hazards that electronic media like the television, radio or computers (51) _____
these days is the decline in book reading.
The concern (52) _____ mainly to the younger generations who are strongly tempted by the
glamour of the silver screen and, consequently, don’t (53) _____ the importance of acquiring first-
hand information from books.
To (54) _____ reading for pleasure and to propagate a wide array of publications like
encyclopedias reference books manuals or fiction, radical solutions should be applied. Firstly, more
(55) _____ ought to be put on the educational factor. Youngsters should be made to feel comfortable
while reading either for information or self-satisfaction in public place like airports, buses or on the
beach. Secondly, libraries must be subsidized more accurately in order to provide the potential reader
with (56) _____ choice of publications and to be come more publically active so as to put books at
people’s (57) _____ rather than keep them under lock and key. Fund collecting actions organized by
libraries might also raise the public awareness of the advantages of becoming (58) _____ in a good book.
Finally, the mass media themselves might contribute substantially by recommending the
purchase of valuable best-sellers and inspiring their viewers to (59) _____ their knowledge and
erudition, and thus help them to (60) _____ the habit of spontaneous every reading.
51. A. denote B. play C. arise D. pose
52. A. indicates B. affects C. applies D. embodies
53. A. observe B. recognize C. view D. distinguish
54. A. incite B. revert C. instill D. encourage
55. A. emphasis B. persistence C. focus D. relevance
56. A. prolific B. ample C. lavish D. lush
57. A. available B. disposal C. benefit D. usage
58. A. occupied B. inhaled C. engrossed D. incorporated
59. A. enrich B. magnify C. arouse D. elaborate
60. A. grow B. evolve C. proceed D. develop

ANSWER:

51. D 52. C 53.B 54. D 55. A

56. B 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. D

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 V.Reading Comprehension (10 pts) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each
question
Passage A: Read the text and think of a word that best fits each gap. Use ONLY ONE word
in each gap.
PREPARING FOR THE THREAT
It is an unfortunate fact that over the past 20 years , around 260 million people a year have been
affected by natural disasters around the world . Regrettably , a vast majority of the victims of this
staggering number are from developing countries . Whether it be earthquakes , tornadoes , floods ,
volcanoes or tsunamis , over the past twenty years , natural disasters have been happening more
frequently and affecting more people than ever before . It follows that the international community
should address the issue of ‘disaster preparedness’ and establish a process by which natural disasters
are dealt with .
On December 26 , 2004 , a massive earthquake centered off the coast of the Indonesian Island of
Sumatra caused a series of deadly tsunamis in the Indian Ocean . The damage from this extraordinary
disaster was estimated to be in the vicinity of US$13 billion – the equivalent to the combined GDP of
the world’s developing countries for an entire year . In a matter of seconds , the tsunami waves wiped
out the long years of struggle for development , and the world was once again reminded of the
fearsome and destructive power of natural disasters.
The United Nations designated the 1990s as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction ,
and has been active in promoting and developing international cooperation on disaster preparedness.
The UN’s Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World : Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention ,
Preparedness and Mitigation was adopted in 1994. Among the guidelines , developing countries are
encouraged to organise and implement their domestic resources for disaster reduction activities and
donor developed countries are encouraged to give greater priority to disaster prevention , mitigation
and preparedness in their assistance programs and budgets , including through increasing financial
contributions.
In January , 2005 the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) met in Kobe , Hyogo
Prefecture to discuss and debate how the international community should address issues of disaster
preparedness and mitigation. The meeting itself attended by over 4,000 delegates representating some
168 countries occurred almost 10 years to the day after the Great Hanshin earthquake in Kobe . The
January meeting of the WCDR in Kobe provided experts and scientists from over 150 countries ,
government officials , Non-Government Organisation (NGOs) and United Nations representatives an
opportunity to review the Yokohama Strategy . It recorded on the the 2005-15 Yokohama Strategy
Action Plan that participant countries and agencies should word over the next 10 years to reduce
vulnerability to natural disasters . The Action Plan encourages as a first step , the integration of
disaster prevention programs in all development and policy-making plans for all countries . Jim
Edgeland , UN representative stated , “Disaster risk reduction is not an additional expense – it is an
essential investment in our common future . But the benefits of this investment will be calculated not
only in dollars or euros or yen saved , but most importantly , in saved lives in every corner of the
globe.”
Perhaps the most significant work done at the WCDR meetings was the drafting and adoption of the
Hyogo Declaration. This document expresses the united determination of the international community
to rely not only on advanced technology or facilities for disaster preparedness , but on a people-
centered early warning system. The people-centered system requires effective communication and
education in the building of disaster-resilient countries and communities .
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As the intergovernmental panels of the WCDR were meeting , the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Forum was also underway . The earthquake measuring a magnitude of 7.3 , led to the loss of over
6,400 lives and widespread destruction affecting some 460,000 households . This public forum
offered a variety of sessions , during which the lessons learned from the disastrous earthquake were
discussed . Earthquake expert Professor Tomohiro Kawata said , “Because this disaster happened
over a decade ago , the memory of the devastation can be forgotten . Part of our gathering here today
is to make sure that we do not forget what happened back in 1995.” Also included were some
personal stories from the earthquake victims themselves . Earthquake victim Kumiho Nagota told
attendees that her house collapsed in the Kobe earthquake and she was trapped under it. She tried to
call for help but after a while she lost her voice and just had to wait there until help came . Attendees
were told of how the town mobilised to facilitate recovery and reconstruction. An exhibition hall
showed pictures of mounds of rubble produced by the earthquake as well as a display of objects
donated by earthquake victims including a broken clock and a child’s toy that melted in the fires
caused by the earthquake . Said Kawata , “As well as being a memorial , our facility and, indeed this
forum , is a place to learn from earthquake experiences and incorporate the things we learned into our
preparations for future disasters”. During the forum , it was agreed that in May 2005 , a new hub for
the coordination of international disaster recovery support activities would be established in Kobe.
(Expert on Cambridge IELTS practice tests)
61. According to the passage , reducing the risk of disasters is important because
A. countries can then focus on growth and development.
B. communities will be drawn together in support of each other.
C. help international communities to be more economically stable.
D. it will save lives and money .
62. According to the writer , the most important outcome of the World Conference on Disaster
Reduction (WCDR) was the
A. discussion and debate amongst the international community attendees.
B. chance for participants to review the Yokohama Strategy.
C. writing and acceptance of the Hyogo Declaration.
D. acknowledgement that disaster risk reduction is an investment in the future.
63. The town of Kobe was effectively rebuilt due to
A. the support of the United Nations. B. the people of Kobe.
C. the Government of Japan D. the leadership of Professor Kawata
64. The stated purpose of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Forum was
A. to help others be better prepared for any future natural disasters.
B. for people to learn more about natural disasters.
C. to remember the Kobe earthquake of 1995.
D. for people to remember and learn from what happened.
65. Natural disasters mostly have influenced on people.............................
A. all over the world B. in developed countries
C. from developing countries D. The United States.

ANSWER: 61. D 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. C

Passage B: Read the passage below then pick out ONE best option ( A,B,C or D ) in each
question
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 Most educational specialists believe that early schooling should provide children with an
awareness of their own abilities and the self-confidence to use their abilities. One approach
recognized by many experts as promoting these qualities is the Montessori Method, first practiced by
Maria Montessori of Italy in the early 1900s. Nancy McCormick Ram Busch is credited with
popularizing the method in the United States, where today there are over 400 Montessori schools.
The method helps children learn for themselves by providing them with instructional materials
and tasks that facilitate acts of discovery and manipulation. Through such exploration, children
develop their sense of touch and learn how to do everyday tasks without adult assistance. Other
benefits include improvement in language skills, and acquaintance with elements of science, music,
and art.
66. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To explain the role of early education in child development
B. To describe the development of the Montessori Method
C. To discuss the life and work of Maria Montessori
D. To demonstrate how children learn social and cultural values
67. According to the passage, who was first responsible for spreading the Montessori method in the
USA?
A. Nancy McCormick Ram Busch B. A prominent educational expert
C. Maria Montessori D. An administrator in the Department of Education
68. Which of the following is not mentioned as a benefit of the Montessori method?
A. Development of tactile senses B. Improvement of language ability
C. Capacity to perform adult tasks D. Knowledge of arts and sciences
69. The author of this passage probably feels that Montessori method ______.
A. has little long-lasting benefit for children B. will lose its popularity in the United States.
C. does not accomplish what it claims to achieve D. is an effective means of child education
70. The following paragraph most likely discusses_______.
A. another education approach beneficial to children B. details on the life of Maria Montessori
C. additional practitioners of the Montessori method D. elements of science, music, and art.

ANSWER:
66.B 67.A 68.C 69.D 70.A

Passage C: Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question. Write your
answer (A, B, C or D) in the numbered box.
COMMUNICATING WITH THE FUTURE
In the 1980s the United States Department of Energy was looking for suitable sites to bury
radioactive waste material generated by its nuclear energy programs. The government was considering
burying the dangerous wastes in deep underground chambers in remote desert areas. The problem,
however, was that nuclear waste remains highly radioactive for thousands of years. The commission
entrusted with tackling the problem of waste disposal was aware that the dangers posed by radioactive
emissions must be communicated to our descendants of at least 10,000 years hence. So the task became
one of finding a way to tell future societies about the risk posed by these deadly deposits.
Of course, human society in the distant future may be well aware of the hazards of radiation.
Technological advances may one day provide the solutions to this dilemma. But the belief in constant
technological advancement is based on our perceptions of advances made throughout history and
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prehistory. We cannot be sure that society won’t have slipped backward into an age of barbarism due
to any of several catastrophic events, whether the result of nature such as the onset of a new ice age or
perhaps mankind’s failure to solve the scourges of war and pollution. In the event of global
catastrophe, it is quite possible that humans of the distant future will be on the far side of a broken
link of communication and technological understanding.
The problem then becomes how to inform our descendants that they must avoid areas of
potential radioactive seepage given that they may not understand any currently existing language and
may have no historical or cultural memory. So, any message indicated to future reception and
decipherment must be as universally understandable as possible.
It was soon realized by the specialists assigned the task of devising the communication system that
material in which the message was written might not physically endure the great lengths of time
demanded. The second law of thermodynamics shows that all material disintegrates over time. Even
computers that might carry the message cannot be expected to endure long enough. Besides, electricity
supplies might not be available in 300 generations. Other media storage methods were considered and
rejected for similar reasons.
The task force under the linguist Thomas Sebeok finally agreed that no foolproof way would be
found to send a message across so many generations and have it survive physically and be
decipherable by a people with few cultural similarities to us. Given this restriction, Sebeok suggested
the only possible solution was the formation of a committee of guardians of knowledge. Its task
would be to dedicate itself to maintaining and passing the knowledge of the whereabouts and dangers
of the nuclear waste deposits. This so-called atomic priesthood would be entrusted with keeping
knowledge of this tradition alive through millennia and developing the tradition into a kind of
mythical taboo forbidding people to tamper in a way with the nuclear waste sites. Only the initiated
atomic priesthood of experts would have the scientific knowledge to fully understand the danger.
Those outside the priesthood would be kept away by a combination of rituals and legends designed to
warn off intruders.
This proposal has been criticized because of the possibility of a break in continuity of the
original message. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that any warning or sanction passed on for
millennia would be obeyed, nor that it could survive with its original meaning intact. To
counterbalance this possibility, Sebeok’s group proposed a “relay system” in which information is
passed on over relatively short periods of time, just three generations ahead. The message then to be
renewed and redesigned if necessary for the following three generations and so on over the required
time span. In this way information could be relayed into the future and avoid the possibility of
physical degradation.
A second defect is more difficult to dismiss, however. This is the problem of social
exclusiveness brought about through possession of vital knowledge. Critics point out that the atomic
priesthood could use its secret knowledge to control those who are scientifically ignorant. The
establishment of such an association of insiders holding powerful knowledge not available except in
mythic form to non-members would be a dangerous precedent for future social developments.
71. The word "chambers" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. partitions B. openings C. cavities D. fissures
72. What problem faced the commission assigned to deal with the burial of nuclear waste?
A. How to reduce the radioactive life of nuclear waste materials
B. How to form a committee that could adequately express various nuclear risks
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 C. How to notify future generations of the risks of nuclear contamination
D. How to choose burial sites so as to minimize dangers to people.
73. In paragraph 2, the author explains the possible circumstances of future societies
A. to warn about the possible natural catastrophe
B. to question the value of advances
C. to highlight humankind's inability to resolve problems
D. to demonstrate the reason nuclear hazards must be communicated
74. The word "scourges" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. pressures B. afflictions C. worries D. annoyances
75. In paragraph 4, the author mentions the second law of thermodynamics
A. to support the view that nuclear waste will disperse with time
B. to show that knowledge can be sustained over millennia
C. to give the basic scientific reason behind the breakdown of material objects
D. to contrast the potential life span of knowledge with that of material objects
76. The word "Its" in the passage refers to
A. knowledge B. committee C. solution D. guardians
77. In paragraph 5, why is the proposed committee of guardians referred to as the "atomic
priesthood"?
A. Because they would be an exclusive group with knowledge about nuclear waste sites.
B. Because they would use rituals and legends to maintain their exclusiveness
C. Because they would be an exclusive religious order
D. Because they would develop mythical taboos surrounding their traditions
78. According to the author, why did the task force under Sebeok propose a relay system for passing
on information?
A. To show that Sebeok 's ideas created more problems than they solved
B. To support the belief that breaks in communication are inevitable over time
C. To contrast Sebeok's ideas with those proposed by his main critics
D. To compensate for the fact that meaning will not stable over long periods of time
79. According to paragraph 7, the second defect of the atomic priesthood proposal is that it could lead to
A. the nonmembers turning knowledge into dangerous mythical forms
B. the possible misuse of exclusive knowledge
C. the establishment of a scientifically ignorant society
D. the priesthood's criticism of points concerning vital knowledge
80. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as difficulties in devising a communication
system with the future EXCEPT
A. the failure to maintain communication link B. the loss of knowledge about today's civilization
C. the inability of materials to endure over time D. the exclusiveness of priesthood

ANSWER:
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 71C 72C 73D 74B 75C 76B 77A 78D 79B 80D

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS)

I. Cloze test (20 pts)
Passage A: The changing English language
All languages change over a period of time, for reasons which are imperfectly understood. The
speech is really so integral (81) _____ form of human activity that it cannot be regarded as an entity
in itself. For this reason, it is more exact to say that (82) ____ generation behave linguistically in a
slightly different manner from (83) _____ predecessors.
Young people are impatient of (84) _____ they often consider to be the stilted vocabulary and
pronunciation of their elders, and like to show (85)_____ up-to-date they are by using the latest
slang. (86) ________, as the years go by, some of that slang becomes standard usage. In any case,
people slowly grow far (87) _____ receptive to linguistic novelties. So that by the time they reach
their forties, they decry the slovenly speech of the younger generation.
In this respect, language is a little (88) ______ fashion in dress. The informal clothes of one
generation become the everyday wear of the next. Similarly, just as many young doctors and office
workers (89) ______out their duties in casual clothes, so expressions which were once confined to
slang and familiar conversation are assimilated (90) ______ their normal vocabulary.

ANSWER:
81. in 82. each 83. Its 84. What 85. How
86. However/ Nevertheless 87. less 88. like 89. carry 90. into

Passage B: Fill in each blank with a suitable word to fill in the blanks.
Vitamins are substances required for the proper functioning of the body. In this century, thirteen
vitamins have been (91)………A lack of any vitamins in a person’s body can cause illness. In some
cases, an excess of vitamins can also (92)…………to illness. For example, sailors in the past were
prone to (93)…………from scurvy that is a disease resulting from the lack of vitamin C. It causes
bleeding of the gum, loss of teeth and skin rashes. Sailors suffer from scurvy because they did not eat
fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables (94)…………vitamin C which is necessary for good (95)
…………
Vitamin B complex is composed of eight different vitamins. A lack of any of these vitamins
will lead to different (96)…………For instance, a person who has too little vitamin B1 will suffer
from beri-beri, a disease that causes heart problems and mental (97)…………A lack of vitamin B2
results in eye and skin problems while deficiency of vitamin B6 causes problems of the nervous
system. Too little vitamin B12 will cause anemia. The (98)…………that vitamin deficiencies caused
certain diseases led doctors to cure people suffering from these illnesses by giving them doses of the
(99)……...vitamins.
Today, vitamins are (100)…………in the form of pills and can easily be bought at any
pharmacy.
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 ANSWER
91.discovered 92. lead 93. suffer 94. contain 95. health
96. diseases 97. disorders 98. knowledge 99. necessary 100. available

II. Word formation (20 pts)

Part 1: Use the word in capitals at the end of these sentences to form a word that fits in the
blank space.
101. How much does _______ of this club cost? (MEMBER)
102. She is extremely _______ about the history of art. (KNOW)
103. Traveling in big cities is becoming more and more _______ every day. (TROUBLE)
104. He is completely_______! Not only is he lazy but he is dishonest too. (EMPLOY)
105. His boss told him off because he had behaved_______. (RESPONSIBLE)
106. He won the discus event at the Olympic Games but was later _______ when a medical check
proved that he had been taking drugs. (QUALIFY)
107. Women who are slimming can never enjoy a meal without being afraid of _______ their diet.
(ORGANISE)
108. The trouble with Mr. Brown is that he’s so_______ One minute he goes mad when you come
late; the next he says nothing. You never know where you are! (CONSIST)
109. It is forbidden to hunt for that kind of bird. It has been listed as one of the ___ species .
(DANGER)
110. I didn’t know who it was with a mask on she was completely_______ (RECOGNIZE)

ANSWER
101. membership 106. disqualified
102. knowledgeable 107. disorganising
103. troublesome 108. inconsistent
104. unemployable 109. endangered
105. irresponsibly 110. unrecognisable

Part 2: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in
the column on the right. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Your answers
Until (0)_______(COMPARE) recent times science an 0. COMPARATIVELY
technology performed different and separate functions , 111_______________________
the progress of one so often completely 112_______________________
(111)________(RELATE) to the progress of the other
historians have established that ,since the earliest 113________________________
times ,the improvements in our way of life have resulted 114________________________
from an 1(112)________(EMPIRICISM) approach , that _
is a process of trial and error ,by which equipment from 115________________________
and tools are made to satisfy important needs . It is to this _
approach that we owe the evolution of technology. Our 116________________________
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 modern concept of science ,both _______ (113- _
PHILOSOPHY) and pragmatic in approach , stems from 117________________________
the seventeenth century ,when extensive investigations _
into the natural laws governing the behavior of matter 118________________________
were_______(114-TAKE). It was this________ (115- _
REVOLUTION) style of thought which led to a science-
based technology .Scientific knowledge was not in itself 119________________________
seen as a ______ (116-PLACE) for the earlier system of _
trial and error , but it did help the technical _______ (117- 120_______________________
INNOVATE) to see which path of experimentation might
be more _______ (118-FRUIT) .With the industrialization
of the nineteenth century, the bond between science and
technology _______(119-STRONG) .In our own time ,the
mutual _______(120-RELY) of one discipline upon the
other has increased still further

Your answers:
111. unrelated 112. empirical 113. 114. 115. revolutionary
philosophical undertaken
116. replacement 117. 118. fruitful 119. 120. reliance
innovators strengthened

III. Error correction (10 pts): There are 10 mistakes in the passage. Find and correct them.

Your answers
There are numerous reason behind the choice of clothing we make, 0. reason  reasons
ranging from the practice to the bizarre, but in every likelihood humans
began wearing clothes in order to shield themselves of the elements. 121___________________
‘The Iceman’, found mummifying in the ice of a glacier on the 122___________________
Italian-Austrian border in 1991, was still clad with remarkably well- 123___________________
preserved garments which would obviously have protected him from 124___________________
the rain and cold five thousand years ago. 125___________________
The clothing worn by people living in warmer climates further
illustrates this basic function of clothing. In hot, dry desert regions, 126___________________
people tend to wear cool, flowing materials which cover much of body, 127___________________
including the head. This helps keep them cool during the heat of the 128___________________
day and helps to keep the wearer warm at night when temperatures 129___________________
increase dramatically. On the other hand, many peoples living in _
tropical regions, with their constant high temperatures and humidity, 130___________________
are sparse clothed. _
Not all clothing is functional, moreover, and at different times
throughout history people, especially women, have worn clothes which
are impractical – restricting the wearer’s movements and in some cases
cause physical discomfort. Examples of such restrictive clothing can be
seen in the hooped and corseted gowns worn by wealthy women in the
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18th century, and in the opulent, heavy robes traditionally worn by
royalties. Such customs send a clear message that the wearer does not
need to work but occupies a position in society that others can be
commanded to work for them.

Answer
There are numerous reason behind the choice of clothing 0. reasons
we make, ranging from the practice to the bizarre, but in all 121. practical
likelihood humans began wearing clothes in order to shield 122. from
themselves of the elements.
‘The Iceman’, found mummifying in the ice of a glacier on 123. mummified
the Italian-Austrian border in 1991, was still clad with 124. in
remarkably well-preserved garments which would obviously
have protected him from the rain and cold five thousand years
ago.
The clothing worn by people living in warmer climates
further illustrates this basic function of clothing. In hot, dry
desert regions, people tend to wear cool, flowing materials which
cover much of the body, including the head. This helps keep
them cool during the heat of the day and helps to keep the wearer 125. plummet /drop/fall
warm at night when temperatures increase dramatically. On the
other hand, many peoples living in tropical regions, with their 126. sparsely
constant high temperatures and humidity, are sparse clothed. 127. however
Not all clothing is functional, moreover, and at different times
throughout history people, especially women, have worn clothes
which are impractical – restricting the wearer’s movements and 128. causing
in some cases cause physical discomfort. Examples of such
restrictive clothing can be seen in the hooped and corseted gowns
worn by wealthy women in the 18th century, and in the opulent, 129. royalty
heavy robes traditionally worn by royalties. Such customs send a
clear message that the wearer does not need to work but occupies
130. where
a position in society that others can be commanded to work for
them.

IV. Sentence Transformation (20 pts)

PART 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the
same as the sentence printed before it.
131. The fund-raisers haven’t officially decided where to send the proceeds of the concert.
No _________________________________________________________________
132. The inevitability of unemployment was something nobody cared to admit.
The admission that ________________________________________________

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 133. Absolute secrecy was crucial to the success of the mission.
Without _____________________________________________________________
134. They believe that Oliver failed his exam because he was nervous.
Oliver’s failure _______________________________________________________
135. Considering your position, we won’t press charges.
Under ______________________________________________________________
PART 2: Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one,
using the word give. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight
words, including the word given.
136. I think you should be tolerant of other people’s weaknesses. (allowance)
I think you should ______________________________other people’s weaknesses.
137. The villagers said they opposed the plans for the new shopping centre. (disapproval)
The villagers __________________________ the plans for the new shopping centre.
138. I may not have my problem solved, but least I know I’m doing correctly. (track)
I may not have my problem solved. But at least I know I ______________________
139. One day she’s going to become a famous film star. (matter)
It’s only _______________________________a famous film star.
140. When he was at his most successful, the president had enormous influence. (height)
At __________________________________, the president had enormous influence.
Answer:
PART 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as
the sentence printed before it.
131.No official decision(s) on where to send the proceeds of the concert has (/have) been made by
the fund-raisers.
132.The admission that unemployment was inevitable was something nobody cared for / cared to
make.
133. Without absolute secrecy, the mission wouldn’t have succeeded.
134.-Oliver’s failure in his exam was put down to the fact that he was nervous.
-Oliver’s failure in his exam is believed to have resulted from his nerve.
135.Under the circumstances, we won’t press the charges.
PART 2. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using
the word give. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words,
including the word given.

136. I think you should make allowance for other people’s weaknesses.
137. The villagers expressed/ voiced/ made clear their disapproval of/ about the plans for the
new shopping centre.
138. I may not have my problem solved. But at least I know I am on the right track.
139. It’s only a matter of time until/ before he becomes/ is a famous film star.
140. At the height of his success, the president had enormous influence.

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