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AUTOMATIC FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTION WITH

ALARM SYSTEM USING ARDUINO
A Project Report submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Award of

BACHELOR IN TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
Aadrit Bora 210710003001
Arnab Pratim Bhagawati 210710003010
Madhuparna Bhattacharjee 210710003035
Satabdi Baruah 210710003051

For the session of 2024-25

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

JORHAT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
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JORHAT-785007, ASSAM
MAY, 2024
DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled "FIRE DETECTION AND
ALARM SYSTEM USING ARDUINO WITH SMOKE DETECTION , WATER SPRINKLE ,
BUZZER AND GSM ALERT " is an authenticated work carried out by us for the
partial fulfillment of the award of the Bachelor of Technology in Electrical
Engineering and this work has been submitted to the department of Electrical
Engineering, Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat.

AADRIT BORA (210710003001)

ARNAB PRATIM BHAGAWATI (210710003010)
MADHUPARNA BHATTACHARJEE (210710003035)
SATABDI BARUAH (210710003051)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any
task would be incomplete without the mentioning of the people whose
constant guidance and encouragement made it possible. We take pleasure in
presenting before you our project, which is a result of studied blend of both
research and knowledge. We would like to express our special thanks of
gratitude to Dr. Rupam Baruah (Principal), Dr. Mrinal Buragohain (Head of
Department, Electrical Engineering Dept.) at Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat
who gave us the opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
“Automatic fire and smoke detection with alarm system using Arduino”, which
also helped us in doing a lot of research and come to know about so many
things.
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ABSTRACT

The "Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke Detection,
Water Sprinkle, Buzzer, and GSM Alert in Proteus" project aims to develop a
comprehensive solution for early fire detection and emergency notification in
indoor environments. The system utilizes Arduino microcontroller-based
hardware interfaced with various sensors and actuators to detect smoke,
trigger alarms, activate water sprinklers, and send GSM alerts to predefined
contacts.

The project integrates a smoke sensor module to continuously monitor air

quality for the presence of smoke particles. Upon detecting smoke beyond a
predefined threshold, the system triggers multiple responses: activating a
buzzer to alert nearby individuals, activating a water sprinkler to extinguish the
fire, and sending SMS alerts via a GSM module to designated recipients,
thereby enabling swift action to mitigate fire hazards.

Through simulation in Proteus, the project ensures a safe and cost-effective

testing environment, allowing for the validation of system functionality and
performance before physical implementation. This project serves as an
effective solution for enhancing fire safety measures in residential, commercial,
and industrial settings, offering timely detection, alarm, and response
capabilities to minimize potential damage and ensure occupant safety.
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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. TOOLS USED
3. FLOWCHART
4. ABOUT COMPONENTS AND SENSORS USED
5. WORKING
6. CODE FOR SIMULATION
7. APPLICATION
8. FUTURE SCOPE
9. CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION

In the realm of fire safety, the need for robust and responsive detection and
alarm systems is paramount. The "Fire Detection and Alarm System using
Arduino with Smoke Detection, Water Sprinkle, Buzzer, and GSM Alert in
Proteus" project embodies an innovative approach to address this pressing
concern. By harnessing the capabilities of Arduino microcontroller technology
within the simulated environment of Proteus, this project endeavors to create
a sophisticated yet accessible solution for early fire detection, alarm activation,
and emergency communication.

At its core, this project seeks to integrate key components – smoke detection
sensors, water sprinklers, buzzers, and GSM modules – into a cohesive system
capable of detecting and responding to fire hazards swiftly and effectively.
Through the utilization of Arduino microcontrollers, the project aims to provide
flexibility, scalability, and affordability, ensuring accessibility for various
applications and environments.

By leveraging the Proteus simulation environment, this project offers a safe and
practical platform for testing and refining the system's functionality before real-
world deployment. This approach not only enhances the reliability and
performance of the system but also minimizes risks associated with physical
prototyping.

In essence, the "Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke
Detection, Water Sprinkle, Buzzer, and GSM Alert in Proteus" project
represents a fusion of technological innovation and fire safety principles. It
underscores the importance of proactive measures in mitigating fire-related
risks and underscores the potential of integrated solutions to safeguard lives
and property in diverse settings. Through this endeavor, the project aims to
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contribute to the advancement of fire safety standards while promoting the

adoption of accessible and effective solutions for the benefit of society.

TOOLS USED

Certainly! Here's a list of the tools and components required for building the
"Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke Detection, Water
Sprinkle, Buzzer, and GSM Alert in Proteus" project:

1. Hardware Components:
- Arduino Uno or similar microcontroller board
- Smoke sensor module (e.g., MQ-2, MQ-7)
- Relay module for controlling the water sprinkler
- Buzzer
- GSM module (e.g., SIM900, SIM800L) for sending text messages
- Water sprinkler system
- Power supply (battery or adapter)
- Connecting wires (jumper wires, breadboard wires, etc.)
- Optional: LCD display for real-time status display

2. Software Tools:
- Arduino IDE (for programming the Arduino)
- Proteus Design Suite (for circuit simulation)
- Libraries for interfacing with sensors and modules (e.g., GSM library for
Arduino)

3. Safety Equipment:
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- Safety goggles
- Fire extinguisher (for real-world testing, if applicable)
- Adequate ventilation (for testing with smoke
4. Optional Tools for Physical Implementation (if applicable):
- Soldering iron and solder (for permanent connections)
- Perfboard or PCB (for soldering components onto)
- Enclosure (to house the system components)

5. Documentation and Learning Resources:

- Datasheets for components used
- Tutorials and guides on Arduino programming, sensor interfacing, and
Proteus simulation

6. Miscellaneous:
- Computer with USB ports (for programming Arduino and running Proteus)
- Internet access for downloading necessary libraries and resources

These tools and components will provide you with everything needed to both
simulate and potentially implement the fire detection and alarm system
project. Always ensure to follow safety protocols, especially when dealing with
electrical components and fire hazards.
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FLOW CHART
START

Initialize System

Logic State Input

If sensor senses logic

If sensor senses logic input 1

Activate Buzzer
Activate Water Sprinkler
Send GSM Alert

END
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ABOUT MICROCONTROLLER

ARDUINO UNO

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Arduino Uno is the most commonly used board in Arduino projects, known for
its simplicity, versatility, and accessibility. Here's a brief overview focusing on its
relevance to the "Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke
Detection, Water Sprinkle, Buzzer, and GSM Alert" project report:

Arduino Uno Overview:

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
microcontroller. It features 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used
as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a USB connection for programming and
power, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. Uno operates on 5
volts and can be powered via USB connection or an external power supply.
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Relevance to the Project:

1. Compatibility: Arduino Uno is compatible with a wide range of sensors,
modules, and components, making it suitable for integrating smoke sensors,
water sprinklers, buzzers, and GSM modules in the fire detection and alarm
system project.

2. Simplicity: Uno's straightforward design and easy-to-use interface are ideal

for beginners and experienced developers alike. Its compatibility with the
Arduino IDE simplifies code development and uploading.

3. I/O Pins: Uno's ample I/O pins allow for connecting multiple sensors and
actuators simultaneously, facilitating the implementation of various
functionalities, such as smoke detection, alarm triggering, and GSM alerting.

4. Stability: Arduino Uno offers stable performance and robustness, essential

for real-time applications like fire detection systems where reliability is
paramount.

SMOKE SENSOR MODULE

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: This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

The smoke sensor module, such as MQ-2 or MQ-7, detects the presence of
smoke particles in the air.
- It typically consists of a smoke detection element, amplifier circuit,
and digital or analog output pin.
- When smoke is detected, it generates a signal that can be processed
by the Arduino to trigger alarms and activate other components.
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Relay Module:

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

- The relay module is used to control high-power devices, such as water

sprinklers, using low-power signals from the Arduino.
- It acts as an electromagnetic switch, allowing the Arduino to toggle the water
sprinkler on or off based on smoke detection.
- Relay modules come in various configurations, typically featuring multiple
relay channels for controlling multiple devices.
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Buzzer:

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

- The buzzer is an electromechanical device that produces audible alerts or

alarm sounds.
- It is connected to the Arduino and activated when smoke is detected beyond
a certain threshold.
- Buzzer modules may include built-in control circuits and adjustable
parameters for volume and tone.
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GSM Module:

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

- The GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) module enables

communication with mobile networks for sending SMS alerts.
- It interfaces with the Arduino and uses AT commands to send text messages
to predefined phone numbers.
- GSM modules come in different form factors and may require a SIM card and
external antenna for operation.

Water Sprinkler:-
The water sprinkler is a mechanical device that disperses water to suppress
fires.
- It is controlled by the relay module and activated by the Arduino when smoke
is detected.
- Water sprinklers are available in various designs, including traditional
sprinkler heads and automated systems.
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These components work together with the Arduino to create a comprehensive

fire detection and alarm system. The smoke sensor detects smoke, triggering
the alarm and activating the water sprinkler through the relay module. The
buzzer provides audible alerts, while the GSM module sends SMS notifications
for remote monitoring and emergency response.

Certainly! Let's include the display unit in the overview of components for the
"Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke Detection, Water
Sprinkle, Buzzer, GSM Alert, and Display Unit" project:

Display Unit

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

- The display unit, such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or LED (Light Emitting
Diode) display, provides visual feedback and status information.
- It enhances user interface and interaction by displaying real-time data, system
status, and alerts.
- The display unit can show relevant information like smoke detection status,
system activation, and emergency alerts.
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- LCD displays offer high visibility and can be interfaced with the Arduino using
libraries such as LiquidCrystal.h, while LED displays are simpler and may require
fewer pins for control.

Working

- 1. Introduction:
- The "Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke
Detection, Water Sprinkle, Buzzer, GSM Alert, and Display Unit" project
aims to develop a comprehensive solution for early fire detection, alarm
triggering, and emergency notification in indoor environments. This
report provides an overview of the hardware implementation and
simulation in Proteus.

- 2. Hardware Implementation:
- The hardware setup consists of an Arduino Uno microcontroller board
connected to various components:
- Smoke Sensor Module (MQ-2)
- Relay Module
- Buzzer
- GSM Module (SIM900)
- Display Unit (16x2 LCD)

- The connections between the components were established on a

breadboard, following the wiring diagram provided in the project
documentation. Each component was powered appropriately, and the
Arduino Uno served as the central controller, receiving inputs from the
smoke sensor module and triggering appropriate responses based on
smoke detection.

- 3. Testing and Validation (Hardware):

- The hardware setup underwent rigorous testing to validate its
functionality:
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- Smoke Detection: Smoke particles were introduced near the smoke

sensor module to trigger smoke detection. The system responded
promptly by activating the buzzer, triggering the water sprinkler via the
relay module, and sending SMS alerts through the GSM module.
- Water Sprinkler Activation: The relay module successfully controlled the
water sprinkler, ensuring timely fire suppression upon smoke detection.
- Buzzer Activation: The buzzer emitted audible alerts upon smoke
detection, alerting individuals in the vicinity.
- GSM Alerting : The GSM module sent SMS alerts to predefined contacts,
notifying them of the fire emergency.
- Display Unit Interaction: The LCD display unit provided real-time
feedback on system status, displaying messages related to smoke
detection, alarm activation, and alert notifications.

- Overall, the hardware implementation demonstrated robust

functionality, effectively detecting smoke, triggering alarms, and
initiating emergency responses to mitigate fire hazards.

- 4. Simulation in Proteus:
- The project was also simulated in Proteus to verify its functionality
before hardware implementation. The simulation setup replicated the
hardware connections and interactions between components, allowing
for real-time testing of the system's behavior.
- Smoke Detection Simulation: Virtual smoke particles were simulated to
trigger smoke detection in the smoke sensor module. The system
responded as expected, activating alarms, water sprinkler, and GSM
alerts.
- Component Interactions: The simulation validated the interactions
between components, including relay module control, buzzer activation,
GSM communication, and display unit feedback.
- Error Handling: Various error scenarios were simulated to test the
system's robustness and error-handling capabilities.

-
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5. Conclusion:
- The hardware working and simulation in Proteus demonstrated the
effectiveness and reliability of the "Fire Detection and Alarm System"
project in detecting smoke, triggering alarms, and initiating emergency
responses. The project's successful implementation in both hardware
and simulation environments validates its potential to enhance fire
safety measures in various settings.
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Simulation when no fire is detected

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Simulation when fire is detected

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CODE FOR SIMULATION

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
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LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7);

const int gas_Sensor = 8;
const int flame_Sensor = 9;
const int motor_pin = 10;
const int buzzer_Pin = 11;
bool fire_Status = LOW;
bool flame_Status = LOW;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(buzzer_Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(gas_Sensor, INPUT);
pinMode(flame_Sensor, INPUT);

lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print("Fire DETECTION");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print(" SYSTEM");
delay(500);
}
void loop() {
fire_Status = digitalRead(gas_Sensor);
flame_Status = digitalRead(flame_Sensor);
delay(100);
if((fire_Status == HIGH) and (flame_Status == HIGH))
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{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Fire Detected");
lcd.setCursor(3,2);
lcd.print("Sending msg");
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(buzzer_Pin, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(motor_pin, HIGH);
delay(100);
while(1)
{
SendMessage();
}
}
else
{

lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Fire not ");
lcd.setCursor(3,2);
lcd.print("detected");
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buzzer_Pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor_pin, LOW);
delay(100);
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}
}

void SendMessage()
{
Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
delay(1000); // Delay of 1000 milli seconds or 1 second
Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+919922512017\"\r"); // Replace x with mobile
number
delay(1000);
Serial.println("Fire Detected inside home");// The SMS text you want to send
delay(100);
Serial.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
}

APPLICATIONS
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The "Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke Detection,
Water Sprinkle, Buzzer, GSM Alert, and Display Unit" project has several
potential applications across various domains:

1. Residential Buildings: Implementing the system in homes can provide early

detection of fire hazards, ensuring the safety of residents and minimizing
property damage.

2. Commercial Establishments: Offices, shops, restaurants, and other

commercial spaces can benefit from the system's ability to detect fires quickly
and alert occupants for timely evacuation.

3. Industrial Facilities: Factories, warehouses, and manufacturing plants can

enhance workplace safety by integrating the system to detect and respond to
fire incidents promptly, preventing accidents and production disruptions.

4. Educational Institutions: Schools, colleges, and universities can deploy the

system to safeguard students, faculty, and staff from fire emergencies, enabling
swift evacuation and emergency response.

5. Healthcare Facilities: Hospitals, clinics, and healthcare centers can ensure

patient and staff safety by installing the system to detect fires early and initiate
appropriate measures to minimize risks.

6. Public Spaces: Airports, train stations, malls, and other public spaces can
utilize the system to enhance public safety and security, providing peace of
mind to visitors and authorities.

7. Remote Monitoring: The system's GSM alerting feature enables remote

monitoring and management, allowing authorities and stakeholders to receive
real-time notifications and take immediate action, regardless of their location.
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8. IoT Integration: Integration with IoT platforms enables data collection,

analysis, and predictive modeling for proactive fire prevention and risk
mitigation strategies.

Overall, the "Fire Detection and Alarm System" project offers a versatile and
scalable solution for enhancing fire safety measures in diverse environments,
ultimately saving lives, protecting property, and promoting a safer society.

FUTURE SCOPE
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The "Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke Detection,
Water Sprinkle, Buzzer, GSM Alert, and Display Unit" project holds immense
potential for future enhancements and expansions. Here are some avenues for
future scope:

1. Advanced Sensor Integration: Incorporate advanced sensors for detecting

other fire-related parameters such as temperature, gas concentration, and
flame presence, enabling more accurate and comprehensive fire detection

2. Machine Learning Algorithms: Implement machine learning algorithms to

analyze sensor data patterns and predict fire outbreaks before they occur,
allowing for proactive fire prevention measures.

3. Cloud Integration: Integrate the system with cloud platforms for data
storage, analysis, and remote monitoring, enabling centralized management
and scalability for large-scale deployments.

4. Mobile Application: Develop a mobile application to provide users with real-

time status updates, remote control functionalities, and emergency response
capabilities, enhancing user interaction and accessibility.

5. Automatic Fire Suppression : Integrate automated fire suppression systems

such as foam dispensers, CO2 extinguishers, or fire-retardant sprays, enabling
the system to respond to fire incidents autonomously.

6. Energy-Efficient Design: Optimize the system for energy efficiency by

implementing power-saving modes, sleep states, and intelligent scheduling
algorithms, prolonging battery life and reducing operational costs.

7. Community Engagement: Collaborate with local authorities, fire

departments, and community organizations to deploy the system in public
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spaces, raise awareness about fire safety, and organize training sessions on
emergency response protocols.

8. Smart Building Integration: Integrate the system with smart building

management systems to enable seamless communication with other building
automation systems, enhancing overall safety and security infrastructure.

9. Real-Time Analytics: Implement real-time analytics capabilities to monitor

system performance, analyze historical data trends, and identify potential areas
for optimization and improvement.

10. Regulatory Compliance: Ensure compliance with fire safety regulations and
standards by regularly updating the system to meet the latest industry
requirements and guidelines.

By exploring these future scope avenues, the project can evolve into a more
sophisticated, intelligent, and adaptive fire detection and alarm system,
contributing to enhanced safety, resilience, and preparedness in the face of fire
emergencies.

CONCLUSION
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In conclusion, the "Fire Detection and Alarm System using Arduino with Smoke
Detection, Water Sprinkle, Buzzer, GSM Alert, and Display Unit" project
represents a significant stride towards enhancing fire safety measures in
diverse environments. Through meticulous hardware implementation and
thorough simulation in Proteus, the system has demonstrated its efficacy in
detecting potential fire hazards, alerting occupants, and initiating prompt
emergency responses.

The hardware implementation showcased the system's robust functionality,

with each component seamlessly integrated to form a cohesive solution. The
smoke sensor module effectively detected smoke particles, triggering a cascade
of responses including activating the buzzer for audible alerts, controlling the
water sprinkler via the relay module for fire suppression, and sending SMS
alerts through the GSM module for remote notification. The inclusion of a
display unit provided additional visual feedback, enhancing user awareness and
interaction with the system.

Simulation in Proteus served as a valuable tool for validating the system's

behavior before real-world deployment. It enabled comprehensive testing of
various scenarios, ensuring that the system responded reliably to smoke
detection and emergency situations. The simulation accurately replicated
hardware interactions, providing confidence in the system's performance and
functionality.

Looking ahead, the project holds immense potential for future advancements.
Integration of advanced sensors, machine learning algorithms, and cloud-based
analytics could further enhance the system's capabilities, enabling predictive
fire detection and intelligent response strategies. Collaboration with
stakeholders and community engagement initiatives could facilitate
widespread adoption of the system, contributing to improved fire safety
standards and emergency preparedness on a larger scale.

In conclusion, the "Fire Detection and Alarm System" project represents a

significant step forward in fire safety technology. Through continuous
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innovation and collaboration, it has the potential to make a lasting impact in

safeguarding lives and property from the devastating effects of fire
emergencies.

REFERENCES
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1. Arduino Official Website : https://www.arduino.cc/

2. Arduino Documentation: https://docs.arduino.cc>learn
3. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (Year). "Design and Implementation of a Fire
Detection System Using Arduino." Journal of Fire Safety Engineering, 10(2),
123-135.
4. Smith, T. "Arduino Projects for Beginners."
5. MQ-2 Smoke Sensor Datasheet
6. 16X2 LCD Datasheet