The automotive industry is one of the largest economic sectors worldwide. It designs, develops, manufactures, and sells motor vehicles. In 2010, China produced the most motor vehicles of any country at over 18 million units. Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen are the top three automotive manufacturing groups globally based on annual production volumes. The automotive industry also has large economic impacts, with over 800 million vehicles in use worldwide in 2007 consuming over 260 billion gallons of fuel annually.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The automotive industry is one of the largest economic sectors worldwide. It designs, develops, manufactures, and sells motor vehicles. In 2010, China produced the most motor vehicles of any country at over 18 million units. Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen are the top three automotive manufacturing groups globally based on annual production volumes. The automotive industry also has large economic impacts, with over 800 million vehicles in use worldwide in 2007 consuming over 260 billion gallons of fuel annually.
The automotive industry is one of the largest economic sectors worldwide. It designs, develops, manufactures, and sells motor vehicles. In 2010, China produced the most motor vehicles of any country at over 18 million units. Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen are the top three automotive manufacturing groups globally based on annual production volumes. The automotive industry also has large economic impacts, with over 800 million vehicles in use worldwide in 2007 consuming over 260 billion gallons of fuel annually.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The automotive industry is one of the largest economic sectors worldwide. It designs, develops, manufactures, and sells motor vehicles. In 2010, China produced the most motor vehicles of any country at over 18 million units. Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen are the top three automotive manufacturing groups globally based on annual production volumes. The automotive industry also has large economic impacts, with over 800 million vehicles in use worldwide in 2007 consuming over 260 billion gallons of fuel annually.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 18
Automotive industry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about production of automobiles. For sales, see Automotive market. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles, and is one of the world's most important economic sectors by revenue. The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to automobiles after delivery to the customer, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations. Contents [hide]
1 History 2 Economy 3 World motor vehicle production
o o o
3.1 By year 3.2 By country 3.3 By manufacturer
4 Company relationships 5 Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)
5.1 Notes
6 Minor automotive manufacturers 7 See also 8 References 9 External links
[edit]History The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event. Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle, the Daimler Reitwagen, in 1885, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of
Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc(7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle;. [1]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[1]:p.26 Until 2005, the U.S.A. was leading the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the US automobile industry produced over 90% of the automobiles in the world, ie 28,551,500. And over one half the cars in foreign lands were of U.S. make. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. [2] In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2008. In 2009, China took the top spot with 13.78 million units produced. With 18.3 million units produced 2010, China produced nearly twice the amount of second place Japan (9.6 million units), the U.S. trailed in place 3 with 7.8 million units. [3]
Main article: Automotive industry by country
[edit]Economy About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion US gallons (980,000,000 m3) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[4] The automobile is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Other potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia.[5] Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study expects this trend to accelerate.[6][7]
[edit]World
motor vehicle production
See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production
[edit]By
year
Global production of motorvehicles
(cars and commercial vehicles)
Year Production Change
Source
1997
54,434,000
[8]
1998
52,987,000
-2.7%
[8]
1999
56,258,892
6.2%
[9]
2000
58,374,162
3.8%
[10]
2001
56,304,925
-3.5%
[11]
2002
58,994,318
4.8%
[12]
2003
60,663,225
2.8%
[13]
2004
64,496,220
6.3%
[14]
2005
66,482,439
3.1%
[15]
2006
69,222,975
4.1%
[16]
2007
73,266,061
5.8%
[17]
2008
70,520,493
-3.7%
[18]
2009
61,791,868
-12.4%
[19]
2010
77,857,705
26.0%
[20]
[edit]By
country
Main article: List of countries by motor vehicle production
[hide]v d e previous year Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries 2010 next year Motor vehicle production (units)
Country China Japan United States Germany South Korea Brazil India Spain Mexico France Canada Thailand Iran Russia UK Turkey Czech Rep. Poland
manufacturer [hide]v d e previous year Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2010 next year Total motor vehicle production 2,000,000 3,000,000 Cars
Group Key Toyota GM Volkswagen Hyundai Motor Ford Nissan Honda PSA Suzuki Renault Fiat Daimler AG Chrysler BMW Mazda Mitsubishi Chana Automobile Tata
FAW Geely Chery Fuji Dongfeng Motor Beijing Automotive AvtoVAZ BYD Key Total: 77,743,862 Numbers in italics are including joint ventures 617,725 545,767 521,232
896,060 802,319 692,438 649,954 649,559
2,572,260
2,769,883 1,504,083
Cars Cars: 60,343,756
Light Co
LC
Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers 2010". OICA. August 2011.
[edit]Company
relationships
It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies. Notable current relationships include:[citation needed]
Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ, a 10% stake in Tesla Motors, a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Motors alliance. They are in the process of selling back their 40% stake (11% remaining) in McLaren Group. This process will be finalized in 2011.
Dongfeng Motor Corporation is involved in joint ventures with several companies around the world, including: Honda (Japan), Hyundai (South Korea), Nissan (Japan), Nissan Diesel (Sweden), andPSA Peugeot Citroen (France).
Fiat holds a 90% stake in Ferrari and a 53.5% stake in Chrysler. Ford Motor Company holds a 3% stake in Mazda and an 8.3% share in Aston Martin. Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings. General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) have two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile.
Hyundai Kia Automotive Group holds a 38.67% stake in Kia Motors, down from the 51% that it acquired in 1998.
MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania. Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% stake in Volkswagen Group. Due to liquidity problems, Volkswagen Group is now in the process of acquiring Porsche.
Renault and Nissan Motors have an alliance involving two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.
Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group. Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru. Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a 53.7% stake in MAN SE (55.9% voting rights). Volkswagen is integrating Scania, MAN and its own truck division into one division.
Volkswagen Group has a 49.9% stake in Porsche AG. Volkswagen is in the process of acquiring Porsche, which will be completed in late 2011.
Volkswagen Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in Volkswagen.
[edit]Top
vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)
The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2010 end of year production figures from theInternational Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[21] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.[22][23] Country of origin
Marque
Ownership
Markets
1. Toyota Motor Corporation (
Japan)
Daihatsu
Subsidiary Global, except North America and Australia
Hino
Subsidiary Asia Pacific, North America and South America
Lexus
Division
Global
Scion
Division
North America
Toyota
Division
Global
2. General Motors Company (
United States)
Buick
Division
North America, China, Israel, Taiwan
Cadillac
Division
North America, Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa
Chevrolet
Division
Global, except Australia, New Zealand
GMC
Division
North America, Middle East
Holden
Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand
Opel
Subsidiary Global, except North America, United Kingdom
Vauxhall
Subsidiary United Kingdom
3. Volkswagen Group AG (
Germany)
Audi
Subsidiary Global
Bentley
Subsidiary Global
Bugatti
Subsidiary Global
Lamborghini
Subsidiary Global
Scania
Subsidiary Global
SEAT
Subsidiary Europe, South America, North Africa, Middle East
koda
Subsidiary Global, except North America, Japan and South Africa
Volkswagen
Subsidiary Global
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
Subsidiary Global
4. Hyundai Motor Group (
South Korea)
Hyundai
Division
Global
Kia
Division
Global, except Mexico
5. Ford Motor Company (
United States)
Ford
Division
Global
Lincoln
Division
North America, Middle East, Japan, South Korea
6. Nissan (
Japan)
Infiniti
Division
Global, except Japan, South America and Africa
Nissan
Division
Global
7. Honda Motor Company (
Japan)
Acura
Division
North America, China
Honda
Division
Global
8. PSA Peugeot Citron S.A. (
France)
Citron
Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia
Peugeot
Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia
9. Suzuki Motor Corporation (
Japan)
Maruti Suzuki
Subsidiary India, Middle East, South America
Suzuki
Division
Global
10. Renault (
France)
Dacia
Subsidiary Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia, except Japan
Renault
Division
Global, except North America, South Korea
Renault Samsung
Subsidiary South America, Asia, except Japan and China
11. Fiat S.p.A. (
Italy)
Abarth
Subsidiary Global
Alfa Romeo
Subsidiary Global
Ferrari
Subsidiary Global
Fiat
Subsidiary Global
Fiat Professional
Subsidiary Global, except North America and Japan
Lancia
Subsidiary Europe and Japan (except UK and Republic of Ireland)
Maserati
Subsidiary Global
12. Daimler AG (
Germany)
Freightliner
Division
North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand
Master
Subsidiary Pakistan
Maybach
Division
Global
Mercedes-Benz
Division
Global
Mitsubishi Fuso
Subsidiary Global
Orion
Subsidiary North America
Setra
Subsidiary Europe
Smart
Division
North America, Europe, Japan, South East Asia, South Africa
Thomas Built
Subsidiary North America
Western Star
Subsidiary North America, Australia, New Zealand
13. Chrysler Group, LLC (
United States)
Chrysler
Division
Global, UK and Republic of Ireland, except Europe
Dodge
Division
Global, except Europe
Jeep
Division
Global
Ram
Division
North America
14. BMW AG (
Germany)
BMW
Division
Global
MINI
Division
Global
Rolls-Royce
Subsidiary Global
15. Mazda Motor Corporation (
Japan)
Mazda
Division
Global
16. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (
Japan)
Mitsubishi
Division
Global
17. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd (
People's Republic of China)
Chana
Division
China, South Africa, Europe
18. Tata Motors, Ltd (
India)
Hispano
Subsidiary Europe
Jaguar
Subsidiary Global
Land Rover
Subsidiary Global
Tata
Division
Global, except North America
Tata Daewoo
Subsidiary South Korea
19. First Automotive Group Corporation (
People's Republic of China)
Besturn
Division
China
Freewind
Subsidiary China
Haima
Subsidiary China
Hongqi
Division
China
Jiaxing
Subsidiary China
Vita
Subsidiary China
Xiali
Subsidiary China
20. Geely Automobile (
People's Republic of China)
Geely
Division
China, Russia, North Africa
Maple
Division
China
Volvo (Cars)
Subsidiary Global
21. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd (
People's Republic of China)
Chery
Division
China, Africa, South East Asia, Russia
Riich
Division
China
Rely
Division
China
22. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd (
Japan)
Subaru
Division
Global
23. Dongfeng Motor Corporation (
People's Republic of China)
Dongfeng
Division
China
24. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd (
People's Republic of China)
BAW
Division
China
Foton
Subsidiary China
25. OAO AvtoVAZ (
Russia)
Lada
Division
Global, except North America and Portugal
VAZ
Division
Russia
26. BYD Auto (
People's Republic of China)
BYD
Division
China, Russia
27. Isuzu Motors, Ltd (
Japan)
Isuzu
Division
Global, except North America
28. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd (
People's Republic of China)
JAC
Division
China
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd (
People's Republic of China)
Brilliance
Division
China, North Africa
Jinbei
Subsidiary China
30. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd (
People's Republic of China)
Great Wall
Division
China, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia
Litex Motors
Subsidiary Europe
31. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (
People's Republic of China)
MG Motor
Subsidiary China, United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina
Roewe
Division
China
Soyat
Division
China
Yuejin
Division
China
32. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd (
India)
Mahindra
Division
India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America
SsangYong**
Subsidiary Global
33. Hafei Motor (
China)
Hafei
Subsidiary China
34. AB Volvo (
Sweden)
Mack
Subsidiary Global
Nissan Diesel
Subsidiary Global
NovaBus
Subsidiary North America
Prevost
Subsidiary North America
Renault (trucks)
Subsidiary Global, except Japan
Volvo (trucks)
Division
Global
35. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile (
China)
Changhe
Division
China
36. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. (
China)
Qingling
Division
China
37. Proton Holdings, Bhd (
Malaysia)
Proton
Division
Asia Pacific (except Japan and South Africa), United Kingdom, Middle East
Lotus
Subsidiary Global
38. Hunan Jiangnan Automobile (
People's Republic of China)
Jiangnan
Division
China
39. MAN SE (
Germany)
MAN SE
Division
Europe
40. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd (
People's Republic of China)
Lifan
Division
China
41. Fujian Motor Industry Group Company (
People's Republic of China)
Soueast
Division
China
42. Kuozui Motors, Ltd (
Taiwan)
Kuozui
Subsidiary Taiwan
43. Shandong Kaima (
China)
Kaima
Division
China
Jubao
Division
China
Aofeng
Division
China
44. Porsche (
Germany)
Porsche
Subsidiary Global
45. Chenzhou Gonow Nanyan Chifeng Vehicle (
People's Republic of China)
Gonow
Division
China
46. Ziyang Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd. (
People's Republic of China)
Nanjun
Division
China
47. Rongcheng Huatai Motor (
People's Republic of China)
Huatai
Division
China
[edit]Notes * Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.7 percent share in the Volkswagen Group.[24] However, Volkswagen Group will acquire Porsche AG, the automotive manufacturer under a new "Integrated Automotive Group". This merger/acquisition is expected to be fully completed in mid-2011.[25][26] ** SsangYong Motor Company was acquired by India's Mahindra & Mahindra Limited in February 2011.[27]
[edit]Minor
automotive manufacturers
Main article: Minor automotive manufacturing groups
There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.
