Radiology, Radiography & Public Health

RADIOLOGY &
RADIOGRAPHY
Group 5B
GROUP
MEMBERS
INTRODUCTION
Radiology and radiography are two related disciplines that work hand in hand in providing
health care to patients.
Radiology is defined as the medical speciality that uses medical imaging to diagnose and
treat diseases within the human body.
Radiography is a technology in medicine that produces images of body organs which then
form as a basis of radiology in diagnosis and treatment of certain ailments
Radiology is complimentary to the basic
clinical examinations and disease history
HOW DOES
IT FIT IN THE It is necessary to confirm a clinical diagnosis
and supplies the referring physician with
BIGGER additional information to plan a complete
treatment program for the patient
SCHEME OF
HEALTH
CARE It is also valuable to follow-up post treatment
HISTORY OF
RADIOGRAPHY
Wilhelm Roentgen took the first x-ray in 1895 and was
awarded the Nobel prize in physics in 1901 for his
discovery
In 1896 Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered
radioactivity
In the same year Sydney Rowland founded the first
radiology journal, The Archives of Clinical Skiagraphy
Thomas Edison also invented the first fluoroscope
WHAT IS Radiography is a technique that uses radiant energy to
produce images that are analyzed in order to diagnose and
RADIOGRAPHY treat diseases within the body.
AND Radiology is the medical speciality that uses medical
imaging to diagnose and treat diseases within the human
RADIOLOGY body
DIFFERENT
TECHNIQUES
X-ray radiography
Ultrasound
Computer tomography (CT)
Nuclear Medicine
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
HOW DOES RADIOLOGY RELATE TO
OTHER HEALTH CARE SPECIALITIES
Almost all other disciplines use radiology to confirm a

diagnosis made clinically or if a patient does not respond to
initial treatment. Some of these are:
Dentistry - Dentists use radiographs to find hidden dental
structures, malignant or benign masses and cavities
Internal medicine - Specialists (internists) are provided with
images of internal organs by radiographers.
Orthopaedics - Need X-ray images of bones for examination.
Radiographers also need to be present during the operation.
HOW DOES RADIOLOGY RELATE TO
OTHER HEALTH CARE
SPECIALITIES
Obstetrics & Gynaecology - Obstetricians make use of
ultrasound when examining pregnant women, to screen
for various complications of pregnancy. Pelvic
ultrasound can be taken to study the female reproductive
system
Anatomical pathology - Anatomical pathologists need
medical images from radiographers to diagnose
diseases.
OTHER BRANCHES OF
RADIOGRAPHY
Nuclear medicine –uses small amounts of radioactive material
which is usually injected to the patient, but can also be given orally
or inhaled.
Radiation therapy –the use of radiation for treatment(cancer).
Ultrasound – the use of ultrasound to produce internal organs.
Angiography
Sonography
CT scans
LIMITATIONS
Patients may be to large for CT scanners or MRI machines
There are also a limited number of machines in hospitals and thus there
may be to many patience
The equipment is relatively expensive (especially for x-ray resources)
High degree of skill and experience is required for exposure and
interpretations
There is a possible human error in interpreting the results
High dose of radiation can damage human cells and increases incidence of
cancer
Doesn’t accurately evaluate soft tissue injuries and is limited in the
assessment of certain conditions, such as undisplaced acute fractures
MRI usage may be uncomfortable for some people because it can cause
claustrophobia
APPLICATION TO THE DLAMINI
FAMILY
FAMILY
Beauty
She, like her mother, is hypertensive. Thus
there can be concluded that this hypertension is
genetic.
Chest x-rays can be performed on these
patient’s chests.
An assessment of the chest x-ray can determine
how enlarged the pulmonary arteries and left
ventricle is, due to hard work.
APPLICATION TO THE
DLAMINI FAMILY
Beauty’s late father died of a stroke and
Beauty has the same risk.
Patients with hypertension require quick
access to high quality and appropriate
imaging in order to diagnose stroke.
Patient who have suffered a stroke need
follow up imaging, either CT or MRI
A vital part of the specialist stroke care team
is played by radiographers.
FAMILY
James
A mine worker of occupation. This is a high
health risk occupation, therefore his health
needs to be checker regularly. Chest x-rays are
compulsory.
Seeing that his work area exposes him to dust
and other carcinogenic agents, he is prone to
lung disease. Radiographers need to take x-rays
to asses the amount of damage to the lungs.
FAMILY
Tebogo Beauty’s siblings, Thoko and Jabu, could
Beauty’s son Tebogo is at risk of be at risk of hypertension and stroke due
developing hypertension due to hereditary. to their family history. As a precautionary
A CT or MRI scan could be done as a measure the radiographer can perform
precautionary measure chest x-rays which can show early signs
of hypertension and MRIs which can
Seeing that Tebogo is still in the growing establish the functioning of the heart.
phase, it is perhaps wise to have x-rays
done of his mouth to establish the situation
of his wisdom teeth.
In conclusion Radiography is a key speciality in health care that acts as the eyes into the internal
world of medicine. Radiography allows the viewing of internal organs and structures of the
body. This Speciality is vital in not only the understanding of anatomical structures but the
diagnosis of disease.
Without radiography many crucial fields in medicine will reach unsolvable dead ends as
radiography is the key in internal diagnosis
CONCLUSION
THANK
YOU
QUESTIONS
REFERENCES
1. Algra P, Bloem J, Tissing H, Falke T, Arndt J, Verboom L. Detection of vertebral metastases: comparison between MR
imaging and bone scintigraphy. RadioGraphics. 1991;11(2):219-232.
2. Aras M, Miloglu O, Barutcugil C, Kantarci M, Ozcan E, Harorli A. Comparison of the sensitivity for detecting foreign
bodies among conventional plain radiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography. Dentomaxillofacial
Radiology. 2010;39(2):72-78.
3. Daniel J. Mollura. Radiology in Global Health. 1st ed. Springer New York; 2014.
4. Gaillard F. History of radiology | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org [Internet]. Radiopaedia.org. 2019
[cited 9 July 2019]. Available from: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/history-of-radiology?lang=gb
5. 3. Jobs, occupations and careers - Radiographer [Internet]. Gostudy.net. 2019 [cited 9 July 2019]. Available from:
https://www.gostudy.net/sa/occupation/radiographer
6. 4. Kridiotis C, Bezuidenhout J, Raubenheimer J. Selection criteria for a radiography programme in South Africa:
Predictors for academic success in the first year of study. Health SA Gesondheid. 2016;21:206-213.
7. 5. Radiology Technician | Degree, Certification & Salary Facts [Internet]. Innerbody. 2019 [cited 9 July 2019].
Available from: https://www.innerbody.com/careers-in-health/becoming-radiology-technician.html

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RADIOLOGY &

Almost all other disciplines use radiology to confirm a

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