Media

-a means of conveying something such as a channel of communication (jack

lule)
-refers to the different means of communication like radio, television,
internet etc. It plays a very important role in shaping human mind.
-efers to the various channels which information and content are
communicated.
- It is the communiaton outlet or tool used to syore and delive\r informatiinds
or datas. - can be used to inform, educate, entertain, and persuade.
- It plays a significant role in shaping our understanding of the world and can
influence our opinions and beliefs.
Mass media
- means technology that is intended to reach a mass audience.
-It is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast
majority of the general public.
Culture
-practices, behaviors, and beliefs that are passed down from generation to
generation that may sometimes evolve or change depending on the will of the
people with that culture.
- encompasses the beliefs, behaviors, customs, and values shared by a group
of people within a society. It includes language, religion, art, cuisine, social habits,
music, and literature, among other aspects.
-All the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that
are passed down from generation to generation.

Media Culture
- media culture refers to the culture created under the influence of mass
media. The concept of media culture infers its impact on society's information.
consumption and intellectual guidance.

Global Media Culture

- the transmission of ideas, meaning, and characteristics of a group through
media.
- pertain to the globalization of cultures through various forms of media.
Media has an impact on cultural globalization in two mutually interdependent ways:
1. Media provides an extensive transnational transmission of cultural products; and
2. Media contributes to the formation of communicative networks and social
structures

Classification of Media
Print Media
-traditional mass media published on paper.
-it is a type of media that involves the usage of printed documents or
printed data’s to spread or convey information.
- includes newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed materials
disseminated to the public
 -allows for in-depth analysis and storytelling, catering to diverse
audiences with varying interests and languages.

Broadcast Media
- it is a type of media that utilizes audio or video content to spread
information to a large number of audience.
-involves the transmission of audio and video content to a wide
audience through television and radio networks.

Digital Media
- it is a type of media that uses the internet as its conduit to spread
information to various platforms.
-empowers individuals and communities to create, share, and
consume content globally, contributing to a more interconnected and
dynamic cultural landscape.

mcluhan
-"the medium is the message"

Evolution of Media and Globalization

Oral communication
- communication relied on oral traditions, storytelling, and spoken
word to transmit information and preserve cultural knowledge.
-dating back to the first civilization, oral communication was the
primary way to spread information to various regions. As globalization progressed,
usage of oral communication to spread information to a large number of audience
has diminished or decreased since using different types of media is more practical.
- communicating with spoken words. It’s a verbal form of
communication where you communicate your thoughts, present ideas and share
information

Script
-the written expression of a language.
-script or written documentation is important to globalization since
through scripts, knowledge and information can be recorded and can be shared to
different nations.
-The development of writing systems allowed for the recording and
preservation of information, facilitating the spread of ideas across cultures.

Printing Press
- a machine by which text and images are transferred from movable
type to paper or other media by means of ink.
-The invention of the printing press in the 15th century revolutionized
communication by enabling mass production of books, leading to the
widespread dissemination of knowledge and cultural exchange.
 -one of the most important inventions that aids humanity into
reaching the modern age, through printing press, mass production of recorded
document is possible which helped information’s to spread to various nations.

Electronic Media
- The advent of electronic media, such as radio and television,
expanded the reach and speed of communication, connecting people across vast
distances.
-through electronic media such as televisions and radios, globalization
accelerated, since electronic media offers real-time dissemination of information’s to
a large number of audience.
- the wide range of this media continue to open up new perspectives
in economic political and cultural processes of globalization

Digital Media
-through digital media, unprecedented connectivity and cultural
exchange has blossomed.
-The rise of digital technologies, including the internet and mobile
devices, has transformed the media landscape, allowing for instantaneous global
communication, multimedia content creation, and interactive engagement.

What is globalization?
-Globalization refers to the interconnectedness and interdependence of
economies, cultures, societies, and political systems across the world. It involves the
increasing flow of goods, services, capital, information, and ideas across national
borders, facilitated by advancements in technology, communication, and
transportation.

How does globalization affect the media and the culture?

-it affects the media by monitoring the exchange of information, allowing
different types of information or entertainment to spread to various nations.

Effects of media on culture

Cultural homogenization
-globalization increases the accessibility of diverse media around the
world, allowing individuals from other nations to learn and appreciate the culture of
other nations which leads to the risk of potentially diluting cultural diversity.

Cultural heterogeneity
-opposite of cultural homogenization, cultural heterogeneity refers to
the preservation of diverse cultures and practices. Media can promote heterogeneity
by showcasing unique cultures that can’t be copied or replicated by other nations.

Cultural Imperialism
-it is the dominance of one culture over the others through the spread
of its beliefs and practices. Example of this are religions such as Christianity, wherein
we are influenced by the Spaniard when they first arrived in the Philippines.
Globalization of media and culture perspectives
Cultural differentialism
- involves barriers that prevent flows that serve to make alike; Culture
tend to remain stubbornly different from one another: (1) The world is divided into
national cultures that are essentially different. (2) Each culture is congruent with a
certain population group. (3) People from different cultures are different.

Cultural hybridization
-The exchange and innovation of ideas and artifacts between cultures
as a product of migration and globalization. It is a commingling of different cultural
elements resulting from the interactions of people and their ideas.

Cultural convergence
-When stories flow across several kinds of media platforms and when
readers or viewers can comment on, alter, or otherwise talk back to culture.

How are these 3 perspectives of globalization of media and culture related to

modern media?
-Cultural hybridization suggests the production of distinctive blends due to
the merging of global and local cultures while cultural convergence highlights that
cultures are becoming increasingly similar. In contrast, cultural differentialism
emphasizes the difference in cultures.

The global village,

-the world became like a small world or a single unit through
technology. People can share, communicate, and get information wherever they are
and where they are. By global village, we can get information about the situation of
other countries like population and trends in an easy way. (Marshall McLuhan)
-The role of the media on the global village is, it is one of the factors
which people get to communicate and get information’s to other countries. It acts as
a digital home for individuals, allowing people to express themselves through the
global village

Advantages
-Increased access to information
-Cultural exchange and understanding
-Global collaboration
-Market Expansion
-Social connectivity

Disadvantages
-Information overload
-Cultural homogenization
-Digital divide
-Loss of privacy
 -Spread of misinformation and disinformation

Roles of media culture in the development of globalization

Cultural exchange-it facilitates the exchange of cultures across various
nations.

Soft power and influence-media culture serves as a tool to influence

promoting cultures through various countries and major corporations.

Global advertising and consumerism-media culture creates wants or desires,

influencing customer preferences, and promoting consumption patterns that
influences various nations.

Downfalls of global media culture

Cultural homogenization-Losing the uniqueness of cultures.

Stereotyping and misrepresentation-spreads false information about a

culture which can lead to discrimination.

Economic imbalances-media culture can cause economic disparities, causing

powerful and major corporations to exploit the smaller businesses.

Information overload-too much information can lead to higher risk of receiving false
information and verifying the authenticity of an information will be difficult.

Cultural appropriation-exploitation and commodification of elements from

marginalized cultures without proper acknowledgement or respect.

Loss of local identity-media may overshadow cultural expression, losing the

uniqueness of the cultural identities.

Ethical concerns-privacy violations, manipulation of information, and

exploitation of vulnerable populations can arise.

How does Global Media Culture challenge existing cultures and create new and
alternative symbolic and cultural communities?
-Global media culture challenges existing cultures by introducing new ideas,
values, and perspectives that may conflict with traditional beliefs and practices. It
creates new and alternative symbolic and cultural communities by providing
platforms for like-minded individuals to connect, collaborate, and express
themselves beyond geographical boundaries. This fosters the formation of virtual
communities based on shared interests, identities, and ideologies, challenging
traditional notions of cultural belonging and identity.
 -Global media cultures foster an ongoing exchange of cultures, continuously
challenging fundamental aspects such as identity, nationality, religion, social norms,
and ways of life. These cultural interactions often involve a blending of cultures from
different socioeconomic backgrounds, typically driven by both commercial
international cultural industries and publicly governed national cultural institutions.
The structure of global media inherently promotes the restructuring of cultural and
social communities. Just as the press, followed by radio and television, played pivotal
roles in shaping national communities, international media platforms facilitate the
emergence of new communities. The internet, for example, not only enables global
communication but also facilitates the formation of new social communities where
members can interact with each other. Satellite TV and radio similarly facilitate
direct communication among immigrants, allowing them to maintain ties with the
language and culture of their country of origin as they adapt to a new cultural
environment.