Designation: D619 − 14 An American National Standard

Standard Test Methods for

Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* using the different procedures.

1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for testing
2. Referenced Documents
vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods of such grades as can
be used for electrical insulation. 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
Procedure Section
Arc resistance 23
at Commercial Power Frequencies
Ash 6 D202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
Bond strength (ply adhesion) 16 Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
Bursting strength 14
Compressive strength 12, 25, 30
D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials
Conditioning 4 Used for Electrical Insulation
Density 17, 26, 32 D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
Dielectric strength 18, 27
Dimensional measurements 28, 33
Impact Resistance of Plastics
Flammability 22 D348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for Electrical
Flexural strength 13, 31 Insulation
Silica 7
Tearing strength 11
D349 Test Methods for Laminated Round Rods Used for
Tensile strength 10, 24, 29 Electrical Insulation
Thickness (sheets) 20 D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
Resistance to impact 15
Rockwell hardness 19
lation (Withdrawn 2013)3
Volatile matter 8 D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc
Water absorption 5 Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
Zinc chloride 9
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded D668 Test Methods of Measuring Dimensions of Rigid Rods
as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
information only. D689 Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the (Withdrawn 2009)3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Plastics
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- D710 Specification for Vulcanized Fibre Sheets, Rods, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation
statements are given in 7.3, 22.1, 22.2. D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
Electrical Insulating Materials
NOTE 1—The test methods described herein are similar technically to
those described in IEC Publication 60667-2. Not all of the tests in this D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
document are included in IEC 60667-2, and the procedures in the two tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
publications are not completely identical; but it is expected that compa- D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
rable results will be obtained from most of the procedures. Conduct Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
comparative tests if necessary before directly comparing results of tests
(Withdrawn 2009)3

1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
2
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D619 – 99 (2004) the ASTM website.
3
which was withdrawn January 2013 and reinstated in November 2014. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D0619-14. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 D619 − 14
D952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet 3.2.6 flatwise loading, v—mechanical force applied normal
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials to the surfaces of the original sheet or plate.
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
4. Conditioning
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-
rials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)3 4.1 Vulcanized fibre shall be conditioned for mechanical
tests in accordance with Practice D6054, using Procedure A for
2.2 IEC Standard:
conditioning material 0.045 in. (1.14 mm) and under in
IEC 60667-2 Specification for Vulcanized Fibre for Electri-
thickness, and Procedure B for conditioning material over
cal Purposes–Part 2: Methods of Test4
0.045 in. in thickness. In case of dispute in tests of materials
over 0.045 in. in thickness, the material shall be exposed for
3. Terminology
48 h at standard laboratory atmosphere prior to conditioning by
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this stan- Procedure B.
dard refer to Terminology D1711.
4.2 Vulcanized fibre shall be conditioned for electrical tests
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: in accordance with Practice D6054, using Procedure A. In case
3.2.1 In referring to the cutting of specimens and the of dispute, a referee test shall be used in which the time of
application of the load, the following definitions of terms exposure to standard laboratory atmosphere is increased to a
apply. These definitions of terms correspond to normal practice minimum period of seven days for all thicknesses.
in the paper industry. 4.2.1 The following are the typical reasons to undertake
3.2.2 vulcanized fibre, n—a material made from chemically conditioning of specimens: (1) for the purpose of bringing the
gelatinized cellulosic paper or board using zinc chloride as the material into equilibrium with normal or average room condi-
gelatinizing agent. tions of 23°C and 50% relative humidity, (2) to obtain
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The zinc chloride is subsequently re- reproducible results regardless of the previous history of
moved by leaching. The resulting product, after being dried exposure, or (3) to subject the material to various conditions of
and finished by calendering, is a material of partially regener- temperature or humidity in order to predict its service behavior.
ated cellulose in which the fibrous structure is retained in 4.2.2 It is possible that the conditioning of Procedure B
varying degrees depending on the grade of paper used and on prescribed in Practice D6054 to obtain reproducible results will
the processing conditions. Material up to about 3.2 mm in give physical values somewhat higher or somewhat lower than
thickness is produced by bonding multiple layers of paper (or the values at equilibrium under normal conditions, depending
board) after chemical treatment. Vulcanized fibre thicker than upon the test. This procedure for conditioning is used because
3.2 mm is typically produced by laminating multiple plies of of the relatively short time required. To bring the material to an
vulcanized fibre together. Vulcanized fibre does not contain equilibrium condition in a controlled humidity would require a
vulcanized rubber or sulfur as the name might imply. Thin long period of time which might extend over many months, for
vulcanized fibre has sometimes been termed “fish paper.” For example, for thicknesses over 25 mm. The exact length of time
more detail on vulcanized fibre refer to Specification D710. would depend upon such factors as thickness, grade, and
3.2.3 lengthwise (LW), adj—the direction of the sheet which previous history of the specimens, and it would be too long for
is strongest in flexure. ordinary commercial test purposes. It is probably possible to
3.2.3.1 Discussion—This is also known as the machine reduce the time of exposure for some very thin sizes of material
direction. It is the lengthwise direction in which the paper is conditioned in accordance with Procedure A, but sufficient data
formed and travels on the paper machine, wire, or cylinder. on the various thicknesses are not yet available to permit a
Since making paper (which form the plies of vulcanized fibre) decision to be made.
is a directional process, vulcanized fibre’s properties differ
significantly between machine direction and cross direction. METHODS APPLICABLE TO SHEETS, TUBES, AND
For some materials, including the raw materials used for the RODS
manufacture of materials considered herein, this direction may 5. Water Absorption
be designated as the warp direction.
5.1 Significance and Use—This test method is a guide for
3.2.4 crosswise (CW), adj—the direction of the sheet which the proportion of water absorbed in vulcanized fibre sheets,
is at 90° to the lengthwise direction, and which is normally the tubes, and rods and to the effects thereof on certain electrical
weakest direction in flexure. and mechanical properties. It also is useful in determining the
3.2.4.1 Discussion—For some materials, including the raw uniformity of quality in these materials.
materials used for manufacture of materials considered herein,
5.2 Procedure—Determine water absorption in accordance
this direction may be designated as the cross-machine direction
with Test Method D570 on specimens dried in an oven for 1 h
or the weft direction. It is also known as cross direction.
at 105 to 110°C prior to immersion in water.
3.2.5 edgewise loading, v—mechanical force applied in the
plane of the original sheet or plate. 6. Ash
6.1 Significance and Use—This test method provides a
procedure for determining the amount of ash of a dried
4
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th specimen, something potentially useful in determining the
Floor, New York, NY 10036. continuity of quality.

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 D619 − 14
6.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of 2 to 5 7.5.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
g of vulcanized fibre in the form of finely divided particles, percentage of silica is determined solely in terms of this test
such as millings or filings. method itself.
6.3 Procedure—Dry the test specimen for 2 h at 105 to
110°C and weigh. Then ignite the specimen to constant weight 8. Volatile Matter
in a crucible and reweigh. Calculate the percentage of ash, 8.1 Significance and Use—The presence of high levels of
based on the weight of the dried specimen. volatile matter has the potential to be detrimental to the use of
6.4 Report—Report the following information: vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods in some electrical
6.4.1 Identification of the material, and applications. It is possible that data on volatile content will be
helpful to determine the suitability for a particular application
6.4.2 The percentage by weight of ash.
and to determine the continuity of quality.
6.5 Precision and Bias:
8.2 Purpose—This test method is intended for the rapid
6.5.1 This test method has been used for many years, but no
determination of the amount of moisture and other volatile
information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base
matter in vulcanized fibre of all grades and thicknesses.
a precision statement. No activity has been planned to develop
such information. 8.3 Test Specimens—Prepare the test specimen which con-
6.5.2 This test method has no bias because the value for sists of the minimum number of pieces of fibre required to give
percentage of ash is determined solely in terms of this test a total weight of at least 1 g, as follows:
method itself. 8.3.1 Sheets—For sheets less than 1⁄16 in. (1.59 mm) in
thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 75 by 25
7. Silica mm by the thickness of the sheet; for sheets 1⁄16 in. and over in
thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 75 by 3 mm
7.1 Significance and Use—This test method is useful in
by the thickness of the sheet. The pieces shall be band-sawed
determining the continuity of quality of vulcanized fibre sheets,
or sheared from the sample so as to produce smooth edges free
tubes, and rods and in providing a means of evaluating changes
of cracks. The sawed faces shall be sanded or filed to remove
in the leaching medium and the efficiency of the leaching
any protruding sections that might be broken off during the
process.
test. The sample shall be sawed slowly so that the fibre is not
7.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of heated appreciably. The thickness of the specimens shall be
approximately 3 g of vulcanized fibre in the form of finely measured to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) in the direction
divided particles, such as millings or filings. perpendicular to the natural faces of the original sample.
7.3 Procedure—Dry the test specimen for 1 h at 105 to 8.3.2 Tubes—For tubes less than 1⁄16 in. (1.59 mm) in wall
110°C. Transfer the dried specimen to a crucible and slowly thickness, the pieces for the test specimen shall be 25-mm
ignite it to constant weight. Wet the ash with distilled water and lengths. For tubes 1⁄16 in. and over in wall thickness, the pieces
transfer to a heat-resistant glass beaker. Add about 75 mL of for the test specimen shall be 3-mm lengths slowly cut with a
HCl (sp gr 1.19) and cover the beaker with a watchglass. band saw.
Evaporate the contents of the beaker to dryness. To the residue 8.3.3 Rods—For rods less than 3⁄16 in. (4.76 mm) in
slowly add 10 mL of HCl (sp gr 1.19) followed by 75 mL of diameter, the pieces for the test specimen shall consist of
distilled water. Filter the mixture through ashless filter paper continuous lengths. For rods 3⁄16 in. and over in diameter, the
and wash with cold water, then with warm water, until the pieces for the test specimen shall be 3-mm lengths slowly cut
filtrate is free of chlorides. Ignite the filter paper to constant with a band saw.
weight in a weighed platinum crucible. Then add 4 mL of HF 8.4 Procedure—Test three specimens, each consisting of
(48 to 60 %) and apply heat until all white fumes are driven off. one or more pieces of fibre as required, individually. Weigh
Cool and weigh the crucible. The difference between this each specimen to the nearest 1 mg, and place it in a mechanical
weight and the previous one indicates silicon present as silica. convection oven maintained at a temperature of 135 6 2°C and
The results shall be expressed as a percentage of the weight of heated for the period prescribed in the following table. Speci-
the dried specimen. (Warning—Both hydrochloric acid (HCl) mens less than 1⁄32 in. (0.80 mm) in thickness shall be weighed
and hydrofluoric acid (HF) are corrosive and toxic. Take care (but not heated) in a weighing bottle.
to avoid spillage and contact with the skin. Evaporate solutions
Heating
of these acids in a well-ventilated fume hood.) Size
Period, h
Sheets Under 1⁄16 in. (1.59 mm), in thickness 2
7.4 Report—Report the following information: ⁄ and over in thickness
1 16 4
7.4.1 Identification of the material, and Tubes Under 1⁄16 in. in wall thickness 2
1⁄16 in. and over in wall thickness 4
7.4.2 The percentage by weight of silica.
Rods Under 3⁄16 in. (4.76 mm) in diameter 2
3⁄16 in. and over in diameter 4
7.5 Precision and Bias:
7.5.1 This test method has been used for many years, but no 8.4.1 Remove the specimens from the oven, cool in a
information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base desiccator, and weigh to the nearest 1 mg. The difference
a precision statement. No activity has been planned to develop between the original weight and the final weight of the
such information. specimens shall be considered as the volatile matter content.

3
 D619 − 14
8.5 Calculation—Calculate the percentage of volatile matter 10. Tensile Strength
content of the specimen as follows: 10.1 Significance and Use—Tensile strength is of impor-
Volatile matter, % 5 @ ~ W 1 2 W 2 ! /W 2 # 3 100 (1) tance as a measurement of uniformity and quality of the
material. It also serves to indicate its ability to withstand stress
where:
in application and service.
W1 = original weight of specimen, and
W2 = final weight of specimen. 10.2 For sheets 0.030 in. (0.762 mm) and under in
thickness, determine the tensile strength in accordance with the
8.6 Report—Report the following information: procedure described in Test Method D828.
8.6.1 Color and dimensions of the specimen, and
8.6.2 Percentage of volatile matter. 10.3 For sheets over 0.030 in. (0.762 mm) in thickness,
determine the tensile strength in accordance with the procedure
8.7 Precision and Bias: described in Test Methods D229.
8.7.1 This test method has been used for many years, but no
information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base 11. Tearing Strength
a precision statement. No activity has been planned to develop
such information. 11.1 Significance and Use—Resistance to tearing is an
8.7.2 This test method has no bias because the value for important property for measuring suitability for certain appli-
percentage of volatile matter is determined solely in terms of cation processes and as a means of determining the continuity
this test method itself. of quality.
11.2 Determine the tearing strength of sheets 0.030 in.
9. Zinc Chloride (0.762 mm) and under in thickness in accordance with the
9.1 Significance and Use—The amount of zinc chloride is procedure described in Test Method D689.
indicative of the efficiency of the leaching process used in the
manufacture of vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods. 12. Compressive Strength
9.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of 12.1 Significance and Use—Compressive test data provide
approximately 3 g of vulcanized fibre in the form of finely information useful in research and development, engineering
divided particles, such as millings or filings. design, determining the suitability of the material for specific
9.3 Procedure—Dry the test specimen for 1 h at 105 to load requirements in service, and in determining the continuity
110°C. Place the dried specimen in a Soxhlet, Wiley- of quality.
Richardson, or similar type of extractor and extract with 12.2 Determine the compressive strength on four specimens
distilled water for 3 h. The rate of extraction with the using the procedure described in Test Method D695.
Wiley-Richardson size of extractor shall be sufficient to cause
the tube containing the specimen to be filled by condensation 13. Flexural Strength
and emptied by the siphon at least six times per hour. When the 13.1 Significance and Use—Flexural strength data are use-
Soxhlet or similar size extractor is used, the tube shall be filled ful for determining the continuity of quality and it is possible
and emptied at a rate of at least three cycles per hour. After this that they will provide important guidance in the design and
extract has cooled, add 0.5 mL of K2CrO4 solution (10 %) and construction of electrical equipment.
titrate the extract with standard AgNO3 solution. The end point
is indicated by the appearance of a permanent red color. Make 13.2 Determine the flexural strength of sheets 1⁄16 in.
a blank test on an equal volume of distilled water and K2CrO4 (1.59 mm) and over in thickness in accordance with the
solution and subtract the result from that of the specimen. procedure described in Test Methods D229.
Calculate the net result expressed as ZnCl2.
14. Bursting Strength
9.4 Report—Report the following information:
9.4.1 Identification of the material, and 14.1 Significance and Use—Bursting strength data are use-
9.4.2 Percentage by weight of ZnCl2. ful as a means of determining the continuity of quality and as
an index of resistance to puncture under stresses found in
9.5 Precision and Bias: construction and assembly of electrical equipment.
9.5.1 This test method has been used for many years, but no
information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base 14.2 Determine the bursting strength of sheets 0.060 in.
a precision statement. No activity has been planned to develop (1.52 mm) and under in thickness in accordance with the
such information. procedure described in Test Methods D202.
9.5.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
15. Resistance to Impact
percentage of zinc chloride is determined solely in terms of this
test method itself. 15.1 Significance and Use—Data on impact resistance are
useful in evaluating the suitability of vulcanized fibre sheets in
METHODS APPLICABLE TO SHEETS applications where shock stresses are present in the
NOTE 2—In addition to the test methods for sheets covered in the construction, assembly, or service use of equipment in which it
following Sections 10 – 23, inclusive, the methods described in Sections is used. It also serves as a guide for determining the continuity
5 – 9 are also applicable to sheet materials. of quality.

4
 D619 − 14
15.2 Determine the impact strength in accordance with Test sheets. It also may be useful in grading this material as to its
Methods D256. resistance to indentation during assembly or construction of
electrical equipment of which it is a component.
16. Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion)
19.2 Determine the Rockwell hardness in accordance with
16.1 Significance and Use—Bond strength data are useful in Test Method D785, except as follows:
evaluating the efficiency of the calendering operation and the 19.2.1 Prior to measurement of Rockwell hardness by either
suitability of vulcanized fibre sheets for applications where the Method A or B of Test Method D785, materials shall be
plies are subjected to stresses that have the potential to cause conditioned in accordance with Section 4 of this test method,
delamination. They are also useful in determining the continu- and
ity of quality. 19.2.2 For Method A, the R scale shall be used in all tests
16.2 Determine the bond strength (ply adhesion) in accor- and the letter R shall precede all Rockwell hardness numbers.
dance with Test Method D952. 19.2.3 This test is not recommended for sizes below 1⁄16 in.
(1.6 mm) in thickness because of the difficulty in maintaining
17. Density satisfactory contact between surfaces of the individual pieces
17.1 Significance and Use—Density data are useful in in the pile-up.
determining the economics of applications in electrical 20. Thickness
equipment, as well as a means of evaluating the continuity of
quality. 20.1 Significance and Use—Design of electrical equipment
requires that the thickness of sheets be known. Also, since
17.2 For sheets 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) and under in thickness, electrical properties such as dielectric strength, permittivity,
weigh a conditioned specimen of suitable size to the nearest and volume resistivity require that the thickness be measured in
1 mg. Measure the thickness and area of the specimen, and order to be computed, these data are necessary.
calculate the apparent density as follows:
20.2 On Test Specimens—All thickness measurements of
Apparent density, g/cm 3 5 ~ W/V ! 3 0.061 (2) test specimens shall be made using a machinist’s micrometer in
where: the manner outlined under Method B of Test Methods D374.
W = weight, g, and 20.3 On Large Sheets—In the factory, make thickness mea-
V = volume, in.3 surements of large sheets of material by using a gage mounted
17.3 For sheets over 0.020 in. in thickness, use the proce- on a yoke of sufficient size and rigidity to permit accurate
dure described in Test Methods D792. measurements of the thickness at the center of the sheet.
17.4 Report—Report the following information: 21. Machine and Cross Directions (Lengthwise (LW) and
17.4.1 Identification of the material, and Crosswise (CW) Directions)
17.4.2 Apparent density in g/cm3. 21.1 Significance and Use—Because vulcanized fibre is
17.5 Precision and Bias: made from plies of paper, and paper-making is a directional
17.5.1 This test method has been used for many years, but process, many of the properties of vulcanized fibre vary
no information has been presented to ASTM upon which to significantly between the machine direction (parallel to the
base a precision statement. No activity has been planned to long direction of the paper-making machine) and cross direc-
develop such information. tion. If samples are handled properly, it is often not necessary
17.5.2 This test method has no bias because the value for to make this test, because the machine direction is already
percentage of apparent density is determined solely in terms of known. If the vulcanized fibre is in rolls or coils, the machine
this test method itself. direction is the parallel to the length of the roll.
21.2 Bending Test—Primarily for Samples from .015 in.
18. Dielectric Strength
(0.4 mm) to .062 in (1.6 mm) thick. A simple test for Machine
18.1 Significance and Use—This test method provides a Direction is to take a square sample about 150 mm square or
basis for determining the continuity of quality as well as an larger and determine the resistance to bending. Vulcanized
index of the effect of conditioning and selected mechanical fibre is more resistant to being bent in the Machine Direction.
stresses to which it is possible that the material will be The direction which resists bending more is the Machine
subjected in construction and service. Direction. In the event that the sample is too thin or too thick
18.2 Determine the dielectric strength in accordance with for this test, the procedure below shall be used.
Test Method D149, with the exceptions described in the 21.3 Moisture Absorption Test:
procedure for dielectric strength in Test Methods D229. 21.3.1 Test Specimens—For sheets less than 1⁄32 in. (0.79
mm) in thickness, prepare square specimens of about 50 mm in
19. Rockwell Hardness size, and for sheets 1⁄32 in. and greater in thickness prepare
19.1 Significance and Use—This test method provides data similar specimens of about 25 mm in size.
useful as a control test for evaluating the punching quality and, 21.3.2 Procedure—Measure the specimen in two directions
to a limited extent, the efficiency of the chemical treatment and at right angles to each other, using a steel rule graduated in
calendering operation in the manufacture of vulcanized fibre 1⁄64-in. (0.5-mm) divisions for the 50-mm square specimen, and

5
 D619 − 14
using a micrometer caliper for the 25-mm square specimen. design, determining the suitability of the material for specific
Immerse the specimens in water until swelling has occurred, load requirements in service, and in determining the continuity
remove, and remeasure them immediately at the same locations of quality.
that were measured before. The dimension which is found to 25.2 Determine the compressive strength in accordance
show the greatest percentage increase during the immersion with the procedure described in Test Methods D348.
shall be considered the cross-direction.
26. Density
22. Flammability
26.1 Significance and Use—Density data are useful in
22.1 This standard is used to measure and describe the determining the economics of applications in electrical
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and equipment, as well as a means of evaluating the continuity of
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself quality.
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under 26.2 Determine the density in accordance with the proce-
actual fire conditions. dure described in Test Methods D348.
22.2 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
27. Dielectric Strength
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests. 27.1 Significance and Use—This test method provides a
basis for determining the continuity of quality as well as an
22.3 Significance and Use—This test method serves to
index of the effect of conditioning and selected mechanical
evaluate comparatively and relatively the resistance to ignition
stresses to which it is possible that the material will be
and the extent of burning if ignition occurs when the material
subjected in construction and service.
is exposed to a temperature sufficiently high, either by mal-
function of the apparatus in which it is a component or by 27.2 Determine the dielectric strength in accordance with
normal-use exposure to arcing, for example. Test Method D149, with the exceptions described in the
procedure for dielectric strength in Test Methods D348.
22.4 Determine the burning rate or flame resistance, or both,
in accordance with Method I or II respectively of Test Methods
28. Dimensional Measurements
D229.
28.1 Significance and Use—This test method is used to
23. Arc Resistance measure dimensions in order to determine conformity with
specification requirements for the material. It can also be used
23.1 Significance and Use—This test method can be used to
to determine the continuity of quality in manufacture and to
differentiate between materials with respect to their resistance
evaluate the effects of various treatments on the physical and
to the action of a high-voltage, low-current arc in the proximity
electrical properties of the material.
of their surfaces where relative ranking of materials is not the
intended purpose. Potentially use this test method also for 28.2 Determine the dimensional measurements of tubes in
detecting changes in formulation and composition, and for the accordance with Test Methods D668.
continuity of quality after correlation has been established with
METHODS APPLICABLE TO RODS
other types of simulated-service arc tests and with field
experience. NOTE 4—In addition to the test methods for rods covered in Sections 29
– 32, inclusive, the test methods described in Sections 5 – 9 are also
23.2 Determine arc resistance in accordance with Test applicable to rods.
Method D495.
METHODS APPLICABLE TO TUBES 29. Tensile Strength

NOTE 3—In addition to the test methods for tubes covered in the
29.1 Significance and Use—Tensile strength is of impor-
following Sections 24 – 28, inclusive, the test methods described in tance as a measurement of uniformity and quality of the
Sections 5 – 9 are also applicable to tubes. material. It also serves to indicate its ability to withstand stress
in application and service.
24. Tensile Strength 29.2 Determine the tensile strength in accordance with the
24.1 Significance and Use—Tensile strength is of impor- procedure described in Test Methods D349.
tance as a measurement of uniformity and quality of the
material. It also serves to indicate its ability to withstand stress 30. Compressive Strength
in application and service. 30.1 Significance and Use—Compressive test data provide
24.2 Determine the tensile strength in accordance with the information useful in research and development, engineering
procedure described in Test Methods D348. design, determining the suitability of the material for specific
load requirements in service, and in determining the continuity
25. Compressive Strength of quality.
25.1 Significance and Use—Compressive test data provide 30.2 Determine the compressive strength in accordance
information useful in research and development, engineering with the procedure described in Test Methods D349.

6
 D619 − 14
31. Flexural Strength specification requirements for the material. It can also be used
31.1 Significance and Use—Flexural strength data are use- to determine the continuity of quality in manufacture and to
ful for determining the continuity of quality and will poten- evaluate the effects of various treatments on the physical and
tially provide important guidance in the design and construc- electrical properties of the material.
tion of electrical equipment. 33.2 Measure the dimensions of rods in accordance with
31.2 Determine the flexural strength in accordance with the Test Methods D668.
procedure described in Test Methods D349.
32. Density 34. Keywords
32.1 Significance and Use—Density data are useful in 34.1 arc resistance; ash content; bond strength; bursting
determining the economics of applications in electrical strength; compressive strength; density; dielectric strength;
equipment, as well as a means of evaluating the continuity of flame resistance; flexural strength; impact resistance; inside
quality. diameter; outside diameter; ply adhesion; rigid rods; rigid
32.2 Determine the density in accordance with the proce- sheets; rigid tubes; Rockwell hardness; silica content; tear
dure described in Test Methods D349. resistance (internal); tensile strength; thickness; volatile con-
tent; vulcanized fibre; wall thickness; water absorption; zinc
33. Dimensional Measurements chloride content
33.1 Significance and Use—This test method is used to
measure dimensions in order to determine conformity with

7
 D619 − 14

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D619 – 99 (2004)) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2014.)

(1) Revised subsection 1.4. (9) Revised subsection 8.1.

(2) Revised Note 1. (10) Revised subsection 13.1
(3) Revised Section 3 (Terminology). (11) Revised subsection 16.1.
(4) Deleted previous edition’s Note 2. (12) Revised subsection 18.1.
(5) Added Specification D710 to Section 2 (Referenced Docu- (13) Revised subsection 20.3.
ments). (14) Revised Sections 21 and 22.
(6) Added subsection 4.2.1. (15) Revised subsection 23.1.
(7) Revised subsection 4.2.2. (16) Revised subsection 27.1.
(8) Revised subsection 6.1. (17) Revised subsection 31.1.

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