LESSON 1: History of Basketball

 The game basketball was originated in December 1891.

 Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian physical education instructor at the
YMCA training school in Springfield, Massachusetts.
 Naismith was asked by the schools Superintendent of Physical Education, Dr. Luther. H. Gulick to
create an indoor game that would keep the young men active during the cold winter months.
 Upon this request, Naismith nervously set out to create a game that his class would enjoy. With the
help of his wife and memories of playing ‘Duck on a Rock’ during his childhood, he decided to
create a game that would focus on skill rather than strength.
 Naismith gets his inspiration to create basketball on the game ‘Duck on a Rock’, it was a game in
which players threw rocks at a certain target placed on top of a large boulder or tree stump.
How Basketball Was First Played
• Naismith used a soccer ball and two peach baskets hanging 10 feet above the ground at the
opposite ends of the gymnasium. The gym was incredibly small, only 50 feet x 35 feet.
• Naismith split his eighteen students into two teams of nine players.
• The object of the game is to work as a team to throw or bat the soccer ball into the opposing teams
peach basket, while defending a score in your peach basket from the opposition team. As you can
imagine, it was a major pain getting the ball out of the peach basket when a team finally scored.
Some say they used a long poll to push the ball out, others say someone was required to climb a
ladder to retrieve it.
Basketball Historical Timeline
 Dec 14, 1891 - Basketball Initiation
Basketball was created by 1891. The location where all of this started was in a YMCA Training
School in Springfield, Massachusetts where Dr.James Naismith accepted the job of an instructor. The main
idea of the sport was it to be indoors and a small space
 Jan 1, 1892 - Women’s basketball initiation
Gymnastics instructor Senda Berenson Abbott adapts James Naismith's basketball rules for women
and introduces the game at Smith College. First inter-institutional contest between the University of
California and Miss Head's School
 March 11, 1892 - The first public game was played.
 March 22, 1893 - The first basketball for women was played.
 Jun 18, 1932 - Formation of FIBA
World basketball was growing, but it was on June 18, 1932 that a real international organization
was formed, to coordinate tournaments and teams: that day, Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy,
Latvia,
Portugal, Romania and Switzerland founded the International Basketball Federation. Its work was
fundamental for the first inclusion of basketball in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936.
 Aug 7, 1936 - Introduced to Olympics
"1936 basketball became an official sport and the United States team easily dominated the
competition. The games were played outdoors on a converted tennis court, and the 1936 championship
game was played during a rainstorm with 1,000 standing fans. Following this, the United States won every
Olympic basketball championship until 1972.The USA men have dominated in Olympic basketball, owning
a won-loss slate of 122-5,"
 Oct 12, 1989 - Professional Basketball (Players go International)
USA Basketball was organized in 1974 and known as the Amateur Basketball Association of the
United States of America (ABAUSA). The name change to USA Basketball occurred Oct. 12, 1989, shortly
after FIBA modified its rules to allow professional basketball players to participate in international
competitions. USA Basketball then admitted the NBA as an active member and made the change.

LESSON 2: Facilities and Equipment

Having proper facilities and equipment is crucial for the successful and safe conduct of basketball
games and practices. Whether in a recreational setting or professional arena, these elements contribute to
the overall experience of players, coaches, and spectators.

1. Basketball Court:
A rectangular playing surface with specific markings and dimensions. The standard
basketball court size is 94 feet in length and 50 feet in width for professional games. Courts can
be found indoors or outdoors and may vary in size for different levels of play.
 2. Basketball Hoop:
A vertical goal consisting of a rim, net, and backboard. The rim is positioned 10 feet above
the floor. The backboard is typically made of tempered glass, acrylic, or fiberglass. Outdoor hoops
may have a sturdier design to withstand weather conditions.
3. Basketballs:
Spherical balls made of leather or composite materials, inflated to a specific pressure.
Different sizes are available for various age groups and levels of play.
4. Lines and Markings:
Various lines and markings on the court indicate specific areas and boundaries. Examples
include the center circle, free-throw line, three-point line, and key/paint area.
5. Scoreboard:
Electronic or manual display that keeps track of the score, time remaining, team fouls, and
other relevant game information.
6. Shot Clock:
A timer that limits the amount of time a team has to attempt a shot. It is commonly used in
organized basketball to maintain a fast-paced game.
7. Basketball Shoes:
Footwear designed specifically for basketball, offering ankle support, traction, and
cushioning. Basketball shoes often have a high-top design to provide additional stability.
8. Team Uniforms:
Matching jerseys and shorts worn by players to distinguish between teams. Uniforms
typically include a number, player's name, and team colors.
9. Whistle:
Used by referees to signal the start and stop of play, indicate fouls, and manage the flow of
the game.
10. First Aid Kit:
Essential for addressing minor injuries and providing initial care. It may include bandages,
antiseptic ointment, ice packs, and other medical supplies.
11. Water and Hydration Stations:
Water coolers or stations for players to stay hydrated during breaks and timeouts.
12. Bleachers or Seating:
Spectator seating for fans to watch and support the teams playing. The layout may vary
depending on the venue.
13. Coaching Board:
A clipboard or board used by coaches to diagram plays, strategies, and game plans during
timeouts and breaks.
14. Shot Training Equipment:
Additional equipment like basketball shooting machines, cones, and agility equipment used
during practice to improve shooting accuracy, dribbling skills, and overall player performance.
LESSON 3: Fundamental Skills in Basketball
Basketball involves a combination of fundamental skills that players must master to become proficient in
the game. These fundamental skills form the foundation for more advanced techniques and strategies.
Mastering these fundamental skills forms the basis for a well-rounded and skilled basketball player. Regular
practice, coaching, and game experience contribute to the development and refinement of these skills over
time.

1. Dribbling:
o Description: The ability to control the ball while moving. Players use their fingertips to
bounce the ball and maneuver it around defenders.
o Importance: Dribbling is essential for advancing the ball up the court, avoiding defenders,
and creating scoring opportunities.
2. Shooting:
o Description: The act of propelling the ball into the basket. Shooting techniques include jump
shots, layups, and free throws.
o Importance: Scoring is a fundamental aspect of basketball, and effective shooting skills
contribute significantly to a player's offensive capabilities.
3. Passing:
o Description: Transferring the ball from one player to another. Passes can be overhead, chest
passes, bounce passes, or no-look passes.
 o Importance: Passing is crucial for teamwork, ball movement, and creating opportunities for
teammates to score.

4. Rebounding:
o Description: Retrieving the ball after a missed shot, either defensively or offensively. Players
need to box out opponents to secure rebounds.
o Importance: Rebounding contributes to possession control and gives teams second-chance
scoring opportunities.

LESSON 4: Rules and Regulations in Basketball

 VIOLATIONS
Double Dribble
 Dribbling the ball before picking it up and dribbling again.
A double dribble in basketball is a personal violation given to a player that either uses two hands to dribble
or stops with the ball and starts dribbling again. When a double dribble occurs, a dead ball turnover is
declared, meaning the opposing team gets the ball out of bounds whenever the infraction occurs.
A double dribble has occurred when the player:
1. Begins dribbling, stops to hold the ball, then starts dribbling again.
2. Dribbles with two hands on the ball simultaneously.
There are a few specific exceptions to the double dribble rule. A player can dribble again even after
picking up their dribble if the ball is knocked out of their hands or if they reset their dribble by
hitting the rim on a shot. If a shot attempt fails to hit the rim and the shooting player grabs the rebound
and begins to dribble again, they will be called for a double dribble violation.
Another exception to the two-hand double dribble rule is known as the power dribble. A power
dribble is a technique where a player (who is posting up) uses both hands to forcefully dribble the ball once
to set up a post move or back a defender down.
The penalty for a double dribble is a turnover of the ball to the other team.

Traveling
 Taking more than two steps without dribbling the ball.
Traveling is a violation in basketball that occurs when a player takes too many steps without
dribbling the ball. This happen when a player receives the ball (while moving or stationary) or when a
player stops dribbling, they must establish a pivot foot. A pivot foot may be turned side to side so that the
player can move or find better angles, and it does not count as a travel as long as the chosen pivot foot is
not lifted until the ball leaves the player’s hands. The penalty for traveling violation is a turnover to the
other team. The other team will receive the ball at the out-of-bounds point closest to the spot where
the travel occurred.
NOTE: A pivot foot is the foot that must remain in the same spot on the floor. The other foot is allowed to
move in any direction any number of times as long as the pivot foot remains put. If the pivot foot leaves the
ground/ floor, it will result in a travel.
The pivot foot may move when passing or shooting, but the ball must be released before the pivot foot
touches the ground/ floor again.
If a player receives the ball with two feet on the ground, either foot may be used as a pivot foot. If a player
receives the ball in the air, whichever foot touches the ground first is the pivot foot. If a player receives the
ball in the air and both feet hit the ground at the same time, either foot may be used as pivot foot.

Carrying
 Carrying is scooping the ball to carry it while dribbling.
Carrying in basketball is a violation in which a player “carries” the ball or allows their hand to go
underneath the ball while dribbling. If a player stops their dribble by supporting the ball from underneath
(even for a second) and then continues to dribble, this is considered a carry. In other words, a player
cannot pause his dribble to lift the ball in the air with their palms facing up. The penalty/ result of a
carrying is a turnover to the opposing team.
Held-Ball Violation
 The offense holds the ball without doings anything for five seconds.
A held ball in basketball occurs when two players simultaneously have firm possession of the ball. In other
words, if two players have one or both of their hands firmly on the ball and it is unclear who has control of
the ball, a held ball will be signaled by the referee. According to the rulebook, referees are instructed not to
call a held ball until both opponents have their hands so firmly on the ball neither can gain possession
without undue roughness.
The result of a held ball violation will be given to the team that currently has the possession arrow.

 TIME RESTRICTIONS
3-Second Violation (Offensive)
 Staying in the key/ restricted area for three seconds or more while on offense.
A 3-second violation in basketball is a rule that says that a player cannot stay inside the paint/ restricted
area for more than three consecutive seconds.
There are two different types of 3-second violations, those called on the defense and those called on the
offense.
1. An offensive 3-second violation is called by referees when a player stays in the paint/ restricted
area for longer than three seconds when their team is in control of the ball.
2. A defensive 3-second violation is called when a player stays inside the paint/ restricted area for
three or more consecutive seconds while not guarding an offensive player. The count starts when a
player’s foot first enters the restricted area, and it ends when both feet must completely leave the
paint/ restricted area before they can re-enter. Lifting one’s feet into the air and jumping does not
count as leaving the paint/ restricted area. The count resets when that player fully leaves the paint/
restricted area.
If the violation happens while the player’s team is on offense, the ball is turned over to the opponent; If the
violation called is a defensive one, a technical foul is assessed against the team, leading to a free throw
attempts by the opponent and subsequent possession of the ball.

5-Second Violation
 Failure to inbound the ball five seconds after receiving it.
There are three different types of violations that are five-second violations in basketball. The three different
types of five-second violations are:
1. Closely guarded five-second violation
This 5-second violation is called when a player holds the ball for five-seconds and does not shoot, pass, or
dribble the ball while being closely guarded by an opposing player. When this happens, the ball is turned
over to the opponent.
2. Five-second inbounding violation
This violation happens when a player fails to inbound the ball within five seconds after receiving it from the
referee from any place on the court. That violation happens when the inbound is very well defended by the
opponent. This violation leads to possession change.

8-Second Violation
 The offense fails to cross half-court eight seconds after inbounding the ball.
Whenever a team inbounds the ball or recuperates the possession on their backcourt, they have eight
seconds to cross the midcourt line into the frontcourt; otherwise, the referee calls an eight-second violation,
and the ball is given to the other team.
An eight-second violation in basketball occurs when a team possesses the ball for more than eight seconds
in its backcourt. The penalty for committing an eight second violation is a turnover, with the ball being given
to the opposing team at the midcourt line.
24-Second Violation
 Failure to get a shot off before the shot clock expires.
The 24-second rule is intended to force players to shoot instead of playing keep-away and slowing down
the game.
A 24-second violation, also called a shot clock violation occurs when a basketball team fails to shoot the
ball before the shot clock runs out. If the shot clock runs out and the ball hasn’t hit the rim, then it results in
a turnover.

Backcourt Violation
 The offense returns the ball from the frontcourt to the backcourt without the other team touching it.
A backcourt violation is an inclusive term in basketball that cover specific violation. Once an offensive team
has taken the basketball completely past midcourt and into the frontcourt, they are no longer allowed to
bring the ball back into the backcourt. Any part of the ball or player holding the ball that touches the
midcourt line or backcourt is deemed to be in violation. The result of a backcourt violation is a turnover.

 FOULS
Charging foul/ offensive foul
A charge is called on the dribbler if he collides with a defensive player who has established legal
position on his way to the basket.
“Legally position” entails having the feet fully set and the torso in between the offensive player and the
basket.

Blocking foul
A blocking foul is an illegal act that will be called on a defensive player who does not get into
position in time prior to the dribbler moving in that direction. Blocking fouls result in free throws for the
fouled player.

Unsportsmanlike