Assignment 6th
Assignment 6th
Assignment 6th
1. Define Organising.
Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter (2002) defined organizing as ‘determining what
tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports
to whom, and where decisions are to be made’.
L.A. Allen (1958), on the other hand, defined organizing as ‘the process of identifying
and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and
authority, and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work
most effectively together in accomplishing objectives’.
3. What are the main points of disagreement between modern and traditional
organisation?
A business that operates an open system interacts with its environment through
giving and receiving information. In a closed system, interactions only happen
within the specific system, which means closed systems are shut off from the outside
environment, and every interaction is transmitted inside that closed system. Workers
in closed systems within an organization don’t communicate with other departments
about their activities, nor do they receive input from other departments.
An assembly line is a closed system, because the day-to-day activities that take
place are not dependent on or influenced by external forces, such as what
other assembly lines are doing or interactions between mid-level and
executive-level management. Assembly line workers complete their daily
tasks without having to worry about their work being interrupted by an event
such as a staff meeting. Assembly line workers must also adhere to a rigid set
of procedures that ensure efficiency and productivity. Any interaction outside
of this very precise system can throw off productivity, and wreak havoc with
schedules that are often made months or years in advance.
Some businesses maintain proprietary trade secrets that they must guard to
prevent the competition from stealing this information. To keep these secrets,
companies sometimes establish a closed system, in which those documents
are not available to other departments within the organization, and are
shielded from external threats by virus and hacking protection systems. In this
closed system, there is no need for interaction outside of the system, because
everything the system requires to function properly is contained within the
system itself. In fact, external interaction in this instance would expose the
business to consequences that could reverberate for years to come.