ULTRASONIC DUST SENSING: REVOLUTIONIZING

VACCUM CLEANING EFFICIENCY

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for

the course On

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

By
MANASWINI MADARAPU (2105A41042)

SAIRAM JADALA (2105A41196)

TULASI CHITYALA (2105A41005)

JASHWANTH ERRABELLI (2105A41193)

Under the guidance of

Mr. Rajeshwar Rao Arabelli
Asst. Prof. & Director, Centre for Embedded Systems and IoT,
Department of ECE

Center for Embedded Systems and Internet of things

SR UNIVERSITY

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the course project entitled “ULTRASONIC DUST SENSING:
REVOLUTIONIZING VACCUM CLEANING EFFICIENCY” is the bonafide work carried out
by SAIRAM(2105A41196), JASHWANTH(2105A41193), CH.TULASI(2105A41005),
M.MANASWINI (2105A41042), in the partial fulfilment of the requirement of the award of
course Embedded System Design during the academic year 2023-2024 under our guidance and
Supervision.

Mr. Rajeshwar Rao Arabelli

Asst. Prof. & Director, Centre for Embedded Systems and IoT,

Department of ECE

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 CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

1 Introduction 6
1.1 Introduction 6
1.2 Objectives 6
2 System Description 7
2.1 Block Diagram of the project 7
3 Hardware & Software Tools
3.1 ESP32 Dev Module 8
3.2 Buzzer 8
3.3 Ultrasonic sensor 9
3.4 LED 9
3.5 Breadboard 10
4 Implementation 11
5 Results 12
6 Conclusion 14
7 References 15

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 ABSTRACT

This project aims to create a quantifying dust collection efficiency in vaccum cleaners utilizing
IoT technology, including an ultrasonic sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, and supplementary
components. It monitors and optimizes waste collection in vacuum cleaners in real-time. The
system detects bin fill levels, promptly alerting authorities upon reaching capacity, and
generates data to refine waste collection schedules for improved efficiency. By integrating
these components, it establishes an intelligent waste management framework adaptable to
diverse environments. This solution addresses the need for modernizing waste collection
practices, offering municipalities and organizations a scalable platform for enhanced
operational effectiveness.

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 List of figures

Fig. No. Description Page No.

1 Block Diagram 7
2 ESP32 Dev Module 8
3 Buzzer 8
4 Ultrasonic sensor 9
5 LED 9
6 Breadboard 10
7 Implementation 11
8 Code 12
9 Output 13

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Vacuum cleaners play a pivotal role in eliminating dust and allergens from various
surfaces. However, assessing the effectiveness of dust collection in vacuum cleaners requires
precise measurement techniques. This project focuses on quantifying dust collection efficiency
to ensure optimal performance of vacuum cleaners. By analyzing the amount of dust retained
versus the amount of dust intake, we can evaluate the efficacy of vacuum cleaner systems.
Moreover, it contributes to creating healthier living and working environments by reducing
airborne particles. Accurate quantification of dust collection efficiency enables manufacturers
to innovate and refine vacuum cleaner designs. Additionally, it provides consumers with
valuable insights into choosing the most suitable vacuum cleaner for their needs.
Overall, this project aims to advance the science of dust collection in vacuum cleaners for
improved indoor air quality and cleanliness.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

The primary objective is to develop a systematic method for quantifying dust collection
efficiency in vacuum cleaners. We aim to establish standardized protocols and metrics to
accurately measure the effectiveness of dust capture. By quantifying dust collection
efficiency, we seek to identify factors influencing performance and potential areas for
improvement in vacuum cleaner technology. Ultimately, our goal is to contribute to the
advancement of cleaner indoor environments and improved air quality through more effective
dust removal solutions

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 CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The Ultrasonic Dust Sensing Efficiency in Vaccum Cleaners utilizes an ultrasonic

sensor and ESP32 microcontroller for real-time monitoring of waste levels in bins. Sensor data
is processed by the microcontroller to trigger alerts when bins reach capacity, facilitating
efficient waste collection. Optional components such as LED indicators and a servo motor
enhance functionality. The system's design enables seamless integration into existing waste
management infrastructure. Overall, it provides a robust solution for optimizing waste
collection processes and promoting environmental sustainability.

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

LED

ESP32
ULTRA SONIC
BUZZER
SENSOR l

Fig.1 Block Diagram

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 CHAPTER 3
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

3.1 ESP32 DEV MODULE

Fig.2 ESP32 Dev Module

• ESP32 is a chip that provides Wi-Fi and (in some models) Bluetooth connectivity for embedded
devices – in other words, for IoT devices. While ESP32 is technically just the chip, the modules
and development boards that contain this chip are often also referred to as “ESP32” by the
manufacturer.
• ESP32-DevKitC contains the entire support circuitry of ESP32-WROOM series, ESP32-
WROVER series, and ESP32-SOLO series of modules, also including a USB-UART bridge,
reset- and boot-mode buttons, an LDO regulator and a micro-USB connector.

3.2 BUZZER

Fig.3 Buzzer
Buzzers are audio signalling devices that may be mechanical, electromechanical or
piezoelectric. Buzzers are commonly used for alarms, timers and confirmation of user input
such as clicking and typing.

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3.3 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Fig.4 Ultrasonic Sensor

• An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using

ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive
ultrasonic pulses that relay back information about an object's proximity.
• High-frequency sound waves reflect across boundaries to produce distinct echo
patterns
• Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the
range of human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to
receive and send the ultrasonic sound .

3.4 LED

Fig.5 LED

• LEDs, or Light Emitting Diodes, are small electronic devices that emit light when an electric
current passes through them. They come in various colors, including red, green, blue, yellow,
and white, and are commonly used in electronic displays, indicator lights, and lighting
applications.
• LEDs are highly efficient, converting a large portion of electrical energy into visible light
compared to traditional incandescent bulbs, which waste much of their energy as heat. This
efficiency makes LEDs popular for energy-saving purposes and environmentally friendly
lighting solutions.

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3.5 BREADBOARD

Fig.6 Breadboard
A breadboard, or protoboard, is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally
the word referred to a literal bread board, a polished piece of wood used when slicing bread. In
the 1970s the solderless breadboard (plugboard, a terminal array board) became available and
nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these. A breadboard is used
for building temporary circuits. It is useful to designers because it allows components to be
removed and replaced easily.

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 CHAPTER 4
IMPLEMENTATION

• Connect VCC and GND of the ultrasonic sensor to 3.3V and GND pins on ESP32,
respectively.
• Connect the TRIG pin of the ultrasonic sensor to a GPIO pin (e.g., GPIO 14) on
ESP32.
• Connect the ECHO pin of the ultrasonic sensor to another GPIO pin (e.g., GPIO 27)
on ESP32.
• Connect LED indicators and a buzzer to GPIO pins for status feedback.

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 CHAPTER 5
RESULT

The Ultrasonic Dust Sensing Efficiency in Vaccum Cleaners has been successfully designed
and developed. The buzzer and LED is turned on when the bin of the vaccum cleaner is filled
with the waste. The experimental model was made according to the circuit diagram and the
result was as expected.

CODE:

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OUTPUT:

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 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the IoT-based Ultrasonic Dust Sensing Efficiency in Vaccum Cleaners

developed using an ultrasonic sensor and ESP32 microcontroller effectively addresses the need
for real-time monitoring and optimization of waste collection processes. By accurately
detecting waste levels and triggering timely notifications to authorities, the system streamlines
waste management operations and enhances efficiency. The integration of optional
components like LED indicators and a servo motor for lid control further enhances
functionality and user experience. Overall, this project showcases the potential of IoT
technology to revolutionize waste management practices, leading to cleaner and more
sustainable communities.

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 CHAPTER 7
REFERENCE

1.https://www.electronicshub.org
2. http://en.wikioedia.org/wiki/Main-Page
3. https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=APq-WBvCEB4-

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 APPENDIX

#include <WiFi.h>
#include "ThingSpeak.h"

#define TRIG_PIN 27
#define ECHO_PIN 14
#define LED_PIN_1 21
#define LED_PIN_2 22
#define BUZZER_PIN 5

const char *ssid = "12345";

const char *password = "mrrecharge";
const unsigned long channelId = 2532380;
const char *writeAPIKey = "8ZR4GO9HWAP5KRC2";

WiFiClient client;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo native USB port only
}

WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
ThingSpeak.begin(client); // Initialize ThingSpeak

pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(LED_PIN_1, OUTPUT);

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 pinMode(LED_PIN_2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);

// Connect to WiFi
Serial.print("Attempting to connect to ssid: ");
Serial.println(ssid);
while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.print(".");
delay(1500);
}
Serial.println("\nConnected.");
}

void loop() {
long duration, distance;

// Ultrasonic sensor reading

digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");

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 // Update ThingSpeak channel
ThingSpeak.writeField(channelId, 1, distance, writeAPIKey);

// Actuations based on distance

if (distance < 30) {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN_1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
} else {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN_1, LOW);
}

if (distance < 60) {

digitalWrite(LED_PIN_2, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN_2, LOW);
}

delay(5000);
}

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