TENSES XII

SIMPLE PRESENT
It expresses events or situations that exist always,
usually, habitually.
They exist now, have existed in the past, and
probably will exist in the future.
 SIMPLE PRESENT
Pattern:
[+] Ssingular + Vs/es + [O] ---- he, she, it
Splural + V1 + [O] ---- they, we, I, you
[-] Ssingular + does not + V1 + [O]
Splural + do not+ V1 + [O]
[?] Does + Ssingular + V1 + [O]
Do + Splural + V1 + [O]
 SIMPLE PRESENT
Examples:
[+] She walks to school everyday.
[-] She does not walk to school everyday.
[?] Does she walk to school everyday?
SIMPLE PRESENT
Examples:
[+] I watch television everyday.
[-] I do not watch television everyday.
[?] Do you watch television everyday?
 SIMPLE PRESENT
The uses:
1. General truth
e.g. The sun sets in the west.
2. A statement/opinion
e.g. I assume your opinion is right.
 SIMPLE PRESENT
The uses:
3. Habitual action
e.g. I take a bath twice a day.
4. Schedule / time table to express future
e.g. My plane departs at 07.05 tomorrow
morning.
 SIMPLE PRESENT
Adverbials:
Always Sometimes
Usually Seldom
Everyday Rarely
On Mondays Never
Often In the morning
SIMPLE PRESENT
NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
There are some verbs that non progressive.
It means they are not used in any of the
progressive tenses.
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
Mental state
Know Believe
Realize Feel
Understand Suppose
recognize Think*
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
Mental state
Imagine Want
Doubt Need
Remember Prefer
Forget Mean
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
EMOTIONAL STATE
Love Hate
Like Dislike
Appreciate Fear
Mind Envy
Care
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
POSSESSION
Possess
Own
Belong
Have*
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
SENSE OF PERCEPTIONS
Taste*
Smell*
Hear
Feel*
See*
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
Others existing States
Seem Be*
Look*
Exist
Appear*
Cost Consist of
Owe Contain
Weigh* Include
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
Remember:
The verbs with asterisk are also commonly used as
progressive verbs, with a difference in meaning.
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
E.g.
These flowers smell good.

We use the word smell because it is the

statement about the sense of perception.
 NON – PROGRESSIVE VERBS
E.g.
Dina is smelling the roses.

is smelling is the activity that is in progress at the

time of speaking.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
It expresses an activity that is in progress/
happening at the time of speaking.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
The pattern:
[+] S + to be (is/am/are) + Ving + [O]
[-] S + to be (is/am/are) not + Ving + [O]
[?] To be (Is/Am/Are) + S + Ving + [O]
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
Example:
She is studying English at the moment.
She is not studying English at the moment.
Is she studying English at the moment?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
The uses:
1. Activity in progress.
e.g. We are studying English now.
2. Temporary habit/ situation.
e.g. I am on diet now, so I am only eating fruits
and vegetables.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
The uses:
e.g. I usually live in Bintaro. However, my house is
under renovation. I am living with my sister in
Depok now.
3. Fixed plan to express future.
e.g. I have received her wedding invitation. She is
getting married next month.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
The uses:
4. Irritating action with always
e.g. He is always coming to class late.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
Adverbials:
Now
At the moment
This … (this morning, this century, this decade)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
 PAST SIMPLE
Pattern:
S + VII + [O]
S + did not VI + [O]
Did + S + VI + [O]
 PAST SIMPLE
It expresses the activity that happened at a certain
time in the past.
E.g. I saw a movie yesterday.
 PAST SIMPLE
It expresses a series of completed actions.
E.g. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked
into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
PAST SIMPLE
Adverbial:
… ago
last …
 PAST CONTINUOUS/ PAST
PROGRESSIVE
Pattern:
S + to be (was/were) + Ving + [O]
S + to be (was/were) not + Ving + [O]
to be (Was/Were) S + Ving + [O]
 PAST CONTINUOUS/ PAST
PROGRESSIVE
Uses:
Interrupted action in the past.
E.g. I was teaching grammar when Mr. Dion gave
the announcement.
 PAST CONTINUOUS/ PAST
PROGRESSIVE
Uses:
A specific time as an interruption.
E.g. Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk
at work.
 PAST CONTINUOUS/ PAST
PROGRESSIVE
Uses:
Discuss about two events that were happening at
the same time in the past.
E.g. I was studying while he was making dinner.
PRESENT PERFECT
Pattern:
S + have/has + VIII + [O]
S + have/has not + VIII + [O]
Have/Has + S + VIII + [O]
PRESENT PERFECT
Uses:
To talk about action happened at an unspecifies
time before now. The exact time is not important.
You CANNOT use the present perfect with specific
time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago,
last week, at that moment etc.
PRESENT PERFECT
Adverbial:
Ever
Never
Once
Many times
Several times
Before
So far
Already
yet
PRESENT PERFECT
E.g. I have seen that movie twenty times.
PRESENT PERFECT
Uses:
Something that started in the past and has
continued up until now.
for five minutes, for two weeks since Tuesday
E.g. I have had a cold for two weeks.
 PAST PERFECT
Pattern:
S + had+ VIII + [O]
S + had not + VIII + [O]
Had + S + VIII + [O]
 PAST PERFECT
Uses:
To show the action that occurred before another
event in the past.
E.g. She only understood the movie because she
had read the book.
 PAST PERFECT
Uses:
To show something that started in the past and
continued until another action in the past.
E.g. We had had that car for ten years before it
broke down.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
The pattern:
S + has/have + been + Ving + [O]
S + has/have not + been + Ving + [O]
Has/Have + S + been + Ving + [O]
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
The Uses:
To show an action started in the past and has
continued up to the present moment. It
emphasizes duration, or the amount of an action
has been taking place.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
The uses:
1. Show something started in the past and has
continued up until now, and there is duration
mentioned.
2. Without the duration, the tense has a more
general meaning of "lately." We often use the
words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this
meaning.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
IMPORTANT NOTE:
Non-progressive verbs cannot be used in any
continuous tenses.
Instead of using present perfect continuous with
the non-progressive verbs, you must use PRESENT
PERFECT.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
E.g.
Samuel has been having his car for two years.*
(incorrect)
Samuel has had his car for two years. (correct)
 FUTURE – WILL +VI
The uses:
1. A promise
E.g. I will return your money as soon as I get my
salary.
 FUTURE – WILL +VI
The uses:
2. Sudden decision/ voluntary action
E.g. It is very hot here. I will turn on the AC.
 FUTURE – WILL +VI
The uses:
3. Prediction based on personal opinion/
experience
E.g. I think Arsenal will win the match.
 FUTURE – BE GOING TO + VI
The Uses:
1. A plan
E.g. I can’t go with you tonight. I am going to
accompany my mother to the mall.
 FUTURE – BE GOING TO + VI
The Uses:
2. Prediction based on fact/ objective case
E.g. Look at the sky. It is very dark. It is going to
rain soon.
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Pattern:
S + will + be + Ving + [O]
S + will not + be + Ving + [O]
Will + S + be + Ving + [O]
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS
The uses:
1. A longer action in the future will be interrupted
by a shorter action in the future.
E.g. I will be watching TV when she arrives
tonight.
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS
The uses:
2. To talk about two actions will be happening at
the same time in the future.
E.g. They will be eating dinner, discussing their
plans, and having a good time.
 FUTURE PERFECT
The Pattern:
S + will + have +V3 + [O]
S + will not + have +V3 + [O]
Will + S + have +V3 + [O]
 FUTURE PERFECT
The Use:
To talk about something will occur before another
event in the future.
E.g. By next November, I will have received my
promotion.
By the time he gets home, she will have cleaned
the house.
EXERCISE
 1.
He always ____ basketball on Mondays with his friends.

A. play
B. plays
C. is playing
D. played
E. was playing

ANS: plays
 2.
Dela: May I borrow your magazine?
Sinta: I am sorry, my sister ___ it.
A. is still reading
B. has been reading
C. will still read
D. still read
E. still reads

ANS: is still reading

 3.
My mother ____ Bali in 2015.
A. visit
B. visits
C. visited
D. has visited
E. is visiting

ANS: visited
 4.
Tina usually sits next to Joni, but today she ____ next to Didi.
A. sat
B. is sitting
C. would sit
D. has sat
E. was sitting

ANS: is sitting
 5.
Look at the sky. It is so dark. Take your umbrella with you. It ____ soon.
A. is going to rain
B. will rain
C. rain
D. rains
E. is raining

ANS: is going to rain

 6.
I think he ___ home late tonight.
A. will come
B. is going to come
C. is coming
D. comes
E. came

ANS: will come

 7.
Julie: There's no milk.
John: I know. I ____ some when this TV programme finishes.
A. will buy
B. am going to buy
C. buy
D. buys
E. bought

ANS: am going to buy

 8.
Don't forget that we ___ out with Sinta and Peter tonight! Please come on
time! I have booked the place.
A. are going
B. are going to go
C. go
D. will go
E. went

ANS: are going

 9.
The chef ___ the food before he serves it.
A. is always tasting
B. always tastes
C. always tasted
D. always taste
E. are always tasting

ANS: always tastes

 10.
He ___ the assignment before he went home yesterday.
A. submits
B. submit
C. submitted
D. was submitting
E. had submitted

ANS: had submitted

 11.
This exercise looks really hard. I ___ you.
A. help
B. helps
C. will help
D. am going to help
E. am helping

ANS: will help

 12.
My plane ____ at eight tonight.
A. leave
B. leaves
C. is leaving
D. will leave
E. is going to leave

ANS: leaves
 13.
I hope that by the time my father retires next year, I ____ a job.
A. get
B. am getting
C. have got
D. will have got
E. got

ANS: will have got

 14.
Water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius.
A. boil
B. boiled
C. boils
D. has boiled
E. had boiled

ANS: boils
 15.
Are you sure they ____ the match?
A. win
B. won
C. will win
D. are going to win
E. are winning

ANS: will win

 16.
She usually lives in Casablanca. Because of the renovation, she ___ with her
sister in Pondok Indah recently.
A. lives
B. live
C. will live
D. is living
E. was living

ANS: is living
 17.
I ____ you when I get home. I promise.
A. call
B. will call
C. am going to call
D. am calling
E. calls

ANS: will call

 18.
I've already bought my train ticket. I ___ tomorrow night.
A. leave
B. leaves
C. am leaving
D. am going to leave
E. will leave

ANS: am leaving
 19.
Have you heard? Jean is pregnant. She__ a baby.
A. is going to have
B. is having
C. will have
D. has
E. have

ANS: is going to have

 20.
Donny: I was the first to submit my paper yesterday.
Dona: You’re wrong, I ____ mine before you did.
A. submit
B. have submitted
C. was submitting
D. would submit
E. had submitted

ANS: had submitted