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    The Tests For Index and Indirect Strength Test Include:: Lab 3 Amendme NT Da Te

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    Noor Nadiah
    The document discusses the differences between index tests and direct tests for measuring rock strength. Index tests are simpler, faster, and less costly but do not provide fundamental material properties. Direct tests require more complex sample preparation and equipment, but provide direct measurements of properties. Some examples of index tests include point-load testing and rebound hammer tests, while direct tests include uniaxial compressive strength testing and triaxial compressive strength testing. Discontinuities in rock like joints and fractures weaken the overall rock mass strength compared to intact rock material. The degree of strength reduction depends on factors like the orientation of weaknesses relative to loading forces.

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    The Tests For Index and Indirect Strength Test Include:: Lab 3 Amendme NT Da Te

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    Noor Nadiah
    83 views6 pages
    The document discusses the differences between index tests and direct tests for measuring rock strength. Index tests are simpler, faster, and less costly but do not provide fundamental material properties. Direct tests require more complex sample preparation and equipment, but provide direct measurements of properties. Some examples of index tests include point-load testing and rebound hammer tests, while direct tests include uniaxial compressive strength testing and triaxial compressive strength testing. Discontinuities in rock like joints and fractures weaken the overall rock mass strength compared to intact rock material. The degree of strength reduction depends on factors like the orientation of weaknesses relative to loading forces.

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    FACULTY Question2

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    The document discusses the differences between index tests and direct tests for measuring rock strength. Index tests are simpler, faster, and less costly but do not provide fundamental material properties. Direct tests require more complex sample preparation and equipment, but provide direct measurements of properties. Some examples of index tests include point-load testing and rebound hammer tests, while direct tests include uniaxial compressive strength testing and triaxial compressive strength testing. Discontinuities in rock like joints and fractures weaken the overall rock mass strength compared to intact rock material. The degree of strength reduction depends on factors like the orientation of weaknesses relative to loading forces.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    83 views6 pages

    The Tests For Index and Indirect Strength Test Include:: Lab 3 Amendme NT Da Te

    Uploaded by

    Noor Nadiah
    The document discusses the differences between index tests and direct tests for measuring rock strength. Index tests are simpler, faster, and less costly but do not provide fundamental material properties. Direct tests require more complex sample preparation and equipment, but provide direct measurements of properties. Some examples of index tests include point-load testing and rebound hammer tests, while direct tests include uniaxial compressive strength testing and triaxial compressive strength testing. Discontinuities in rock like joints and fractures weaken the overall rock mass strength compared to intact rock material. The degree of strength reduction depends on factors like the orientation of weaknesses relative to loading forces.

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    of 6

    FACULTY : CIV IL & ENVIRONME NTAL ENGINEE RING DEPARTME NT : GEOTECHNICAL & TRANSPORTA TION ENGINEE RING LABORA

    TORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSIC LABORA TORY TOPIC : ROCK STRENGTH POI NT LOAD TEST (LAB 3)

    NO. OF PAGES: EDITION: NO. OF CHECK ING: EFECTIVE DA TE : AMENDME NT DA TE:

    i.

    Describe generally the differences bet ween index and direct test.

    a) INDE X TES T

    Index test is relatively simple and rapid to conduct, but it does not provide fundamental property. The data obtained is just an indicator on property that being tested. The apparatus used are normally simple and portable which also allows the test to be conduct at site. The tests may not require some det ailed sample preparation where certain tests are non-destructive type and does not involve failure of samples (c ost saving for s ample could be reused). The data also not suitable for detailed design purposes but it is useful and valuable for preliminary or prefeasibility assessments.

    The tests for Index and Indirect Strength test include:

    I.

    Point-Load Index Test It is a quick and simple test to conduct where the rock sample can be in core or irregular block. The equipment is easy to use and handle as test could be perform directly on site. Schmidt or Rebound Hammer Test

    Schmidt or Rebound Hammer Test

    It normally test on surface hardness of rock sample using the L-type as it is also easy to use and handle. The sample can be in core or block shape and it is non-destructive type of test where the sample can be reused again.

    II.

    Slake Durability Index Test

    Slake Durability Index Test

    This test is to assess the resistance of rock sample throughout weakening and disintegration when subjected to drying and wetting process, known as weathering process.

    III.

    Sonic Wave Velocity Test

    Sonic Wave Velocity Test

    This test is non-destructive and the equipment is portable. The test involves transmitting of primary-wave through core rock sample and the data obtained is wave propagation velocity.

    IV.

    Brazilian or Indirect Tensile Strength Test

    Brazilian or Indirect Tensile Strength Test using the UTM equipment. The objective of this test is to measure uni-axial tensile strength of rock sample indirectly

    FACULTY : CIV IL & ENVIRONME NTAL ENGINEE RING DEPARTME NT : GEOTECHNICAL & TRANSPORTA TION ENGINEE RING LABORA TORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSIC LABORA TORY TOPIC : ROCK STRENGTH POI NT LOAD TEST (LAB 3)

    NO. OF PAGES: EDITION: NO. OF CHECK ING: EFECTIVE DA TE : AMENDME NT DA TE:

    b) DIRE CT TEST

    The test procedure requires detailed preparation of sample in terms of standard shapes and finishing. The sample preparation proc ess is equipment related and it is costly. The testing itself involving sophisticated and large equipment significant to the detailed testing procedures and may require complex analysis and this is also costly. However, the data obtained is the fundamental property and would be the direct present ation of property being evaluated. The numbers of t ests were limit ed due to its cost of operation and with this the data obtained can be use for detailed design.

    The tests for Direct or Strength te st include:

    i.

    Uniaxial Compressive Strength Test

    It requires a preparation of sample as accordance to ISRM (International Society of Rock Mechanics). Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS ) of rock material and deformation behavior under loading is verify by applying compressive load until failure using high capacity Univers al testing machine (UTM).

    ii.

    Triaxial Compressive Strength Test

    Triaxial compressive test is a 3 dimensional compression which used to evaluate the strength of rock under confinement condition; example rock samples obt ained from deep seated rock mass.

    Hook 's Cell used for Triaxial Compressive Strength Test

    iii.

    Shear Strength Test

    Shear test is to evaluate shear strength and shear behavior of weakness plane in rock which is not shearing of the intact rock material. This is the most expensive laboratory strength tests, as it requires special kind of method for acquiring the samples from the site as fracture plane to be tested and utmost relatively complex testing procedures. The weakness planes shear strength, fractures and joints in rock mass is important for project which involves excavation in rock such as slope and tunnel.

    Shear Strength Test

    FACULTY : CIV IL & ENVIRONME NTAL ENGINEE RING DEPARTME NT : GEOTECHNICAL & TRANSPORTA TION ENGINEE RING LABORA TORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSIC LABORA TORY TOPIC : ROCK STRENGTH POI NT LOAD TEST (LAB 3)

    NO. OF PAGES: EDITION: NO. OF CHECK ING: EFECTIVE DA TE : AMENDME NT DA TE:

    ii.

    Explain the discontinuities in rock and their effect on strength.

    A discontinuity in geotechnical engineering (in geotechnical literature often denoted by joint) is a plane or surface that marks a change in physical or chemical characteristics in a soil or rock mass. A discontinuity can be, for example, a bedding, schistosity, foliation, joint, cleavage, fracture, fissure, crack, or fault plane. A division is made between mechanical and integral discontinuities. Discontinuities may occur multiple times wit h broadly the same mechanic al characteristics in a discontinuity set, or may be a single discontinuity. A discontinuity makes a soil or rock mass anisotropic.

    v Di scontinuitie s in rock and their effect on strength

    Strength of rock material and rock mass consist of compression (uni axial and tri-axial), tensile, shear (discontinuity planes) and ot her strength properties like fatigue and creep. Depending on the scale being considered (material or rock mass scale), the strength of rock is affected by the presence of discontinuities (big and small scale) in rock. The most important effect is strength reduction. For small laboratory rock sample, it is affected by minerals arrangement and how cleavage such as schistoscity in metamorphic rock.

    Effect on floe cleavage (schistosity) on strengt h of rock material

    On a larger scale, rock masses are affected by geological structures and discontinuities like bedding, joint and fault .

    Scale effect transition from intact rock to heavily jointed rock mass with increasing sample size

    The degree of strength reduction depends on loading orientation with respect to discontinuity planes. Figure shows the effect of single joint and multiple joint-set under different inclination of uniaxial compression.

    The influence of weakness or discontinuity planes on strength, joint orientation with respect to loading axis

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