G90 Repair Manual-V1.0-EN

Document No.
: Classification Level:
Confidential
Short-Wave Transceiver Series
G90/G90S
Maintenance Manual
Private and Confidential!
Version: First Edition

Revision: 0
Revision Date: July 27, 2022
XIEGU
XIEGU Product Maintenance Manual G90/G90S Portable Short-Wave Transceiver
Contents
XIEGU All Rights Reserved Version No.: 1.0 2022-07 Page 2 of 48

I. Overview of the Whole Device
G90/G90S is a short-wave transceiver with ZIF zero-IF structure, built-in automatic antenna tuner, and
a transmitting power of 20W.
The block diagram of each part of the whole device is as follows:
Small signal board unit:
Display unit:

Base board unit:
Basic skills of board-level maintenance:

1. Be familiar with the circuit structure of the whole device and accurately grasp its signal flow.
2. Be familiar with the status of each working voltage and be able to measure it accurately.
3. Be able to operate the radio proficiently and combine various operations to support the maintenance
process.
4. Be familiar with the meaning of each physical quantity and use it in combination with the actual
situation of the overhauled product.
5. Be able to skillfully use and set commonly used measuring instruments and meters.

 The head of G90 can be separated from its body, with hot swap supported. Therefore, in the
maintenance process, this feature can be utilized to quickly locate whether the fault point is in the
main unit or the head unit.
 The heads of different versions can be interchanged, and the replacement method can be taken to
quickly locate whether it is the fault of the head.
Main troubleshooting methods:

 Check according to the signal flow direction: Check step by step along the signal flow to find
abnormalities.
 Judge based on voltage/ current: According to the measured voltage or current, quickly and
roughly judge whether the product has a short circuit/ open circuit. Take full advantage of thermal
imager to troubleshoot short-circuit points.
 Component-level inspection: Perform fault inspection according to the inherent characteristics
of components.
To sum up, the maintenance personnel need to have a comprehensive understanding of the overall
structure, signal flow, unit function, and operation method of the product, and at the same time arm
themselves with certain basic knowledge of module and circuit.

Next, each circuit board will be regarded as a unit to explain the judgment, detection and maintenance
of faults by categories in combination with common fault phenomena.
Some fault phenomena have appeared to be the same on the single board and the whole device.
Therefore, the maintenance method of the same fault on the single board and the whole device will be
explained at the same time.
II. Board-Level Maintenance

2.1 Display
 Fault phenomenon: The indicator light does not light up Fault Maintenance Method
Phenomenon Display Whole device
The LED light Check its welding
/
does not light up direction
Fault Maintenance Method

Phenomenon Display Location
The bicolor Check whether the two
LED light does resistors on the back Checkpoint 1
not light up are faultily welded
Checkpoint 1
 Fault phenomenon: The display is blank


Phenomenon Display Checkpoint
Check whether the FPC
A
pedestal is faultily welded
Blank display
Check whether there is any false
B
welding at the MCU pins
 This fault is mostly caused by the false welding of components.

 During repair welding of the FPC pedestal, it is necessary to
shorten the welding time as much as possible to avoid thermal
deformation of the pedestal.

Fault phenomenon: It cannot be written into Bootloader or the application

Check whether the voltage
C
is 3.3V
Failure to burn Check whether the MCU is
B
program faultily welded
Check whether the pedestal
D
is faultily welded
 Fault phenomenon: high current

High current and Check whether the voltage
C
hot MCU is 3.3V
 If the voltage at point C > 3.3V, the LDO regulator has already
been damaged. It is necessary to replace the LM1117-3.3
regulator first, confirm that the output voltage is 3.3V, and then
replace the damaged MCU. Otherwise, it will cause a secondary
fault to burn the MCU.
 During the maintenance, it has ever been found that the short
circuit of the display FPC pedestal welding lead to the 3.3V
grounding short circuit, where attention to check is thus required.

 Fault phenomenon: no power for the hand microphone input, no action after hand microphone
buttons are pressed, and no backlight at the hand microphone
Maintenance Method
Fault
Checking
Phenomenon Display
Area
The hand
Check whether the
microphone
components in this area are E
does not
faultily welded
respond
 Check whether the elastic contacts in the RJ45 pedestal are in
good condition, and whether there is deformation or dislocation.
 Fault phenomenon: The top button does not respond when it is pressed

The top button
Check whether the socket
does not respond F
pins are faultily welded
when it is pressed
 Check whether the components on the top button board are
faultily welded.
 Check whether the connecting lines are in good contact and the
line sequence correct.

 Fault phenomenon: The device head cannot communicate with the host, and the screen displays
COMM LOST
No Check whether the MCU pins
communication are faultily welded and whether B
between the the chip is damaged
device head Check whether the ESD diode
G
and the host is broken down
 In addition, note to check whether the DB9 connection board is
faultily welded.
 Fault phenomenon: The starting-up speed is too fast, and it enters the main interface as soon as it
flashes/ cannot enter the flashing state
Button
Check whether the two pins of
Encoder Fast starting-up all buttons are short-circuited by Button
speed/ failure themselves
to enter the Check whether there is
Encoder
flashing state grounding short circuit of all Encoder
encoder pins
Button

 Fault phenomenon: The encoder does not respond when it is pressed
Maintenance Method
Fault Phenomenon
Display Checkpoint
Check whether the encoder
The encoder does
switch pins are faultily
not respond when it H.J.K
welded or there is any
is pressed
grounding short circuit
 Also pay attention to whether the other three pins of the encoder
are short-circuited by lap welding of adjacent pins.
 Some of these fault points are very subtle, such as PCB
disconnection, or rubbing of the solder mask on the PCB by the
metal fixing pins of the encoder, resulting in a grounding short
 Fault phenomenon: A certain button does not respond when it is pressed
circuit of the pin wiring.
Button

A certain button Check whether the two pins
does not respond are connected after the button Fault button
Button when it is pressed is pressed
 Check with power off.
 Some of these fault points are very subtle, such as PCB
disconnection, or rubbing of the solder mask on the PCB by the
metal of the button casing, resulting in a grounding short circuit.

2.2 Small Signal Board
At present, there are mainly two versions of small signal boards with large production volume, i.e.
G90-SSIGBD-V2.0.7-GAI03 and the current version G90-SSIGBD-V2.1.1. The old version is the
same as the current version in terms of principle, with only part of circuit units having been changed.
This manual is to explain in accordance with version V2.1.1.
The distribution of each unit of the small signal board is shown in the following diagram:
External
Audio amplifier unit interface
Baseband unit
Earphone/ horn switch
Receiving Transmitting
Local oscillator unit mixing
mixing
BPF unit
Main MCU

The general parameters of each basic measurement point on the small signal board are as follows:  We are to explain with the default test frequency point of
14.270MHz as an example. The maintenance test frequency point
of each subsequent step is considered to be 14.270MHz by
default.
Measurement
Voltage V Name
Point
Audio unit reference voltage
N 0.94～0.98
Vref
Local oscillator unit power
M 3.3
supply
Q 3.3 Baseband unit power supply
S 3.3 MCU power supply
T +9 Public 9V power supply
U +9T Transmitting 9V power supply
V +9R Receiving 9V power supply
W +5 Public 9V power supply
 +9T is only available in the transmitting state, and it is
theoretically 0V when receiving.
 +9R is 0V in the transmitting state.
 +9, +5, and each 3.3V voltage are available in both the receiving
state and the transmitting state.
Measurement Frequency Amplitude

Name
Point MHz Vpp
X 12.288 3.9 CODEC clock
TXCO
P 26.000 3.6
reference clock
Local oscillator
L 14.270 5.9
output
MCU clock
R 8.000 1.94
frequency
 The local oscillator outputs two signals respectively, and their
frequencies are the same, both of which are the currently set
receiving and transmitting frequencies.
Maintenance methods:

 Fault phenomenon: It cannot be written into Bootloader or the application

Phenomenon Small signal board Checkpoint
1. Check whether the 3.3V
A1
power supply is normal
Inability to 2. Check whether the main
A2
burn or start up MCU pins are faultily welded
the application 3. Check whether the COMM
socket is connected with the A3
main MCU pin
 Pay attention to the damage of COMM socket, such as short

circuit, open circuit, etc. Measure whether the relevant leads from
A3 to A2 are connected through the on-off position of the
multimeter.

 Fault phenomenon: receive failure (or no signal tone) 1. First, check whether the local oscillator on the small signal board
works normally.
Instrument settings:
Setting Parameters
Name Parameter
Parameter 1 Parameter 2
3
Frequency: Amplitude:
Signal Source /
14.271MHz -20dBm
Y-axis:
Oscilloscope Time base: 50ns X10 gear
100mV
 Note: The oscilloscope shall be set at X10 gear, and the test probe
shall also be set at X10 gear. Coupling mode: AC coupling.
2. First measure the working condition of local oscillator, and the test
data shall be roughly as follows:
Frequency Amplitude
Checkpoint Name
MHz Vpp
TXCO reference
A1 26.000 3.6
clock
Local oscillator
A2 14.27 5.9
output
 The upper end of the two resistors at A2 checkpoint is for the
quadrature output of the local oscillator signal, with the same
frequency and amplitude.
3. Connect the output signal of the signal source to the small signal
board, and measure the signal strength of checkpoints A3 and A4
respectively in turn. Normally, it shall be as follows:
Checkpoint Frequency MHz Amplitude mVpp
A3 14.271 80
A4 14.271 380
 During the above test, PRE shall be turned on.
4. Measure the signal strength of checkpoint A5 as follows: (signal
source output: -40dBm)
Setting Parameters
Name
Parameter 1 Parameter 2 Parameter 3
Time base: Y-axis:
Oscilloscope X10 gear
1ms 100mV

Amplitude
Checkpoint Frequency Name
mVpp
Baseband
A5 1kHz 350
signal
The frequency measured at the two test points at checkpoint A5 shall be 1kHz, and amplitude is
basically the same (the allowable difference is within 10mV).
5. After measuring according to the sequence of each checkpoint in the above steps, if the value
measured at a checkpoint is not consistent with the standard value, it indicates that there may be a
Antenna
fault. Coupling
6. If no signal is measured when measuring checkpoint A3, directly measure whether there is an input capacitor
signal on the terminal of the antenna pedestal:
 If signals can be measured at the antenna pedestal, while cannot be measured at the checkpoint
A3, it indicates that there may be an open circuit fault in the IPX signal line for receiving, or there
may be a short circuit in the outlet socket for received signal of the base board.
 If signals cannot be measured at the antenna pedestal and the checkpoint A3, it indicates that Outlet socket
for received
there may be a short circuit fault in the IPX signal line for receiving, or there may be a short signal
circuit in the outlet socket for received signal of the base board.
Treatment: Check whether the socket for receiving signal is short-circuited, replace with a new IPX
signal line, and test again.
 If signals can be measured at the antenna pedestal while cannot be measured at the lower end of
the antenna-coupling capacitor, it is likely that the antenna pedestal lead is poorly welded to the
base board, or the pad of the base board falls off, or the antenna-coupling capacitor is faultily
welded
7. If there is a signal at the checkpoint A3 while no signal at the checkpoint A4, it is related to the
failure of the BPF unit. The troubleshooting of such faults is explained in the following chapter of BPF
fault.
8. When setting the volume at about 80%, a sine wave signal shall be measured at the checkpoint A6 at
the output terminal (PIN-5) of LM386:
Receiving Frequency Amplitude Frequency Signal
Checkpoint
MHz Vpp
1kHz Relatively standard sine
A6 14.270 1.95
wave
Special reasons for some "Receive Failures":

 The IPX line for receiving is damaged.
 The RX signal base next to checkpoint A3 is welded reversely in direction.
 The gas discharge tube on the left side of checkpoint A3 is broken down.

 Fault phenomenon: BPF unit test fault (there is no amplitude-frequency curve in network Maintenance methods:
1. First check the band switching control area on the back of the small
analysis test) signal board:
Maintenance Method
Fault
Checking
Phenomenon Small signal board
Area
Whether there is false welding in the
No BPF A8
switching control area
2. Set the instrument:
Setting Parameters
Name
Parameter 1 Parameter 2 Parameter 3
Signal Source /
14.271MHz -20dBm
Y-axis:
100mV
Then check whether the signal amplitude of checkpoints A3, A6, A7,
A4 is normal in turn.
 Area A6 collects the input of each segment of BPF;
 Area A7 collects the output of each segment of BPF;
When PRE is turned on, the measured data at each checkpoint shall be
as follows:
Frequency Amplitude
Checkpoint Name
MHz mVpp
A3 14.271 80
Input of each segment
A6 14.271 80
of BPF
Output of each segment
A7 14.271 50
of BPF
A4 14.271 380 Receive mixer input
3. After selecting a certain segment of BPF, the positive pressure
differential between the input and output switching diodes of this
segment of BPF shall be about 0.7 ~ 0.9V. If the selected BPF
switching diode has a reverse pressure differential, it indicates that the
gating of this segment is faulty.
4. The fault point of BPF unit can be found out according to the above
steps.
 The damaged inductance and capacitance in BPF will also cause
faults, so pay attention to that.
 Fault phenomenon: startup failure, unable to connect with the machine head (mainboard MCU The main manifestations of such faults are as follows:
 After starting up, the blue indicator light beside the main MCU
indicator light flashes slowly and is always on) flashes slowly or is always on.
 After starting up, the level on the machine head display is
-256dBm, and there is no waterfall plot.
Check whether there is false
IC1
welding of components
IC2
IC3
Startup failure
IC4
A10
Check whether the two diodes
A11
are broken down
 According to previous maintenance experience, there is a higher
chance of false welding of IC3, which shall be checked
emphatically.
 Principle: IC1, IC2, IC3 and IC4 are for IIC bus communication.
When there is a problem in the bus communication of a chip, the
communication mechanism will give up the correspondence with
it after a certain time and change to communicate with other
remaining chips. The phenomenon when such actions occur:
After starting up, the indicator light is always on, and then
starts flashing after about 10 seconds. At the same time, the
sound of relay operation is heard, and background noise of
the horn starts.
Special attention:
 There is a higher defect rate of domestic GD32F450 series chips
(about 4%), causing a lot of failures such as startup failure or
connection failure with the machine head.

 Fault phenomenon: no PRE function (after turning on PRE, the amplitude-frequency curve of The fault phenomena are as follows:
During the network analysis test, turn on/ off the PRE function, and the
network analysis does not rise) amplitude of the amplitude-frequency curve will not change (or
become low)
The instrument settings are as follows:
Setting Parameters
Name Parameter
3
PRE circuit unit Frequency: Amplitude:
Signal Source /
14.271MHz -20dBm
Y-axis:
100mV
After PRE is turned on, the measured data at each checkpoint shall be
as follows:
Frequency Amplitude
Checkpoint Name
MHz mVpp
A12 14.271 50 Amplifier input
Amplifier
A14 14.271 680
output
If there is a great difference between the measured signal amplitude
and the standard data in the table, the following measurements are
required:
Checkpoint Voltage
Voltage difference between base (B)
About 0.55 ~ 0.7V
and emitter (E) of amplifier triode
A13 4.5～5V
 At the same time, check whether the PRE control signal
"#PRE_EN" and AS179 controlled voltage turn normally.

 Fault phenomenon: no ATT function (after turning on ATT, the amplitude-frequency curve of
network analysis does not lower)
Mainboard of the old version:
For the mainboard of the old version G90-SSIGBD-V2.0.7-GAI03, the
fault is mainly caused by false welding and bumping.
Check whether the components
A14
ATT function are damaged or broken
failure Check the ATT unit for false
ATT unit
welding during other periods
ATT unit
Mainboard of the new version:

For the mainboard of the new version G90-SSIGBD-V2.1.1, the fault is
mainly caused by the damage of radio frequency switch AS179 or the
abnormal control level of AS179. Check whether the control level can
normally turn between high and low when it is in on/ off state of ATT.
In the left figure, the circuit composition of the three AS179 in the ATT
unit is shown in the SCH document. The signals are measured in
sequence, and the signal strength measured at A15 shall be as follows:
Frequency Amplitude
Checkpoint State
MHz mVpp
Close ATT.
14.271 380
A15 Open PRE
14.271 45 Open ATT
ATT unit  Note: AS179 component is vulnerable to the electrostatic
damage and in a state of incomplete damage, showing the
phenomenon of increase of interstage insertion loss. Carefully
measure the input and output signal amplitude of each AS179 and
pay attention to the abnormal changes.

 Fault phenomenon: The receiving IQ balance cannot be adjusted Maintenance methods:
Setting Parameters
Name Parameter
3
Baseband
amplifier Signal Source /
14.271MHz -40dBm
Y-axis:
Oscilloscope Time base: 1ms X10 gear
100mV
as follows:
Amplitude
mVpp
Baseband
A16 1kHz 350 signal of
circuit I
Baseband
A17 1kHz 350 signal of
circuit Q
If the amplitude difference between the two checkpoints exceeds 10mV,
it means that the baseband signal is unbalanced, and further inspection
is required as follows:
Baseband amplifier Whether there is any
unit false welding
IQ is unbalanced Whether the
Back capacitance part components are faultily
welded or defective
 If the electrolytic capacitor on the back of the baseband amplifier
Back of baseband has individual defects, it will also cause IQ signal imbalance fault,
amplifier so it should be checked emphatically.
 100 uF/ 16V chip tantalum capacitor is used for the old version of
the small signal board, which has a high damage rate, so special
attention should be paid during maintenance.

 Fault phenomenon: IQ output amplitude is unbalanced (ellipse or a line is displayed) Maintenance methods:
Setting Parameters
Name Parameter
3
Signal Source /
14.271MHz -40dBm
Y-axis:
100mV
as follows:
The working voltage of IQ amplifier should be: 5V
Amplitude
IQ Output amplifier mVpp
Baseband
PIN1 1kHz 350 signal of
circuit I
Baseband
PIN7 1kHz 350 signal of
circuit Q
A18 1kHz 350 Q signal
A19 1kHz 350 I signal
 If the signal amplitude of a certain circuit is obviously small, it
indicates that there is a fault in the circuit, which should be
checked emphatically.
Output socket
Coupling
capacitor
 The coupling capacitor on the back of the small signal board

should also be checked to see whether the components are faultily
welded or defective
 The 3.5mm stereo socket of IQ signal output should be checked
to see whether there is a short circuit or open circuit.

 Fault phenomenon: The suppression degree of transmission carrier cannot be adjusted/ no  Fault cause 1: Carrier suppression caused by transmission
channel fault cannot be adjusted.
transmission occurs Check whether the transmitting baseband amplifier, transmitting mixer
The two faults have highly coincident inspection parts, so they are explained together. and small transmitting transformer have welding problems such as
false welding and short circuit.
 Fault cause 2: The transmission channel fault causes no
transmitting small signal , and the suppression degree of the
transmission carrier cannot be adjusted.
TX Small The cause of this fault is the same as the maintenance process without
Transformer transmitting power, and the maintenance method is as follows:
Instrument settings:
Switch the test switch to "transmission state", set the radio station to
USB mode, set the power to: 20W, and unplug the TX small signal
cable.
TX Baseband Amplifier
Transmitting Mixer Setting Parameters

Name Parameter
2
Y-axis:
100mV
Press the hand microphone PTT button, and the inspection sequence
and operation level of each checkpoint shall be as follows:
Frequency Amplitude
Checkpoint Name
MHz mVpp
A20 14.27 140 Transmitting +
A21 14.27 140 Transmitting -
A22 14.27 70 Transmitting small signal
Amplified transmitting
A25 14.27 500
small signal
Checkpoint Voltage V Name

Switching voltage of transmitting
A23 2.4
small signal into BRF
Operating voltage of transmitting
A24 5.2
small signal amplifier
 Before performing the above inspection, it is necessary to
confirm that the local oscillator unit should work normally, or that
the receiving function is normal and the TX/RX voltage switching
Maintenance methods: is normal.
 Fault phenomenon: There is a bulge in the center of the spectrum display area  Fault cause 1: IQ signal is unbalanced. The maintenance method
is the same as that of the previous "Receiving IQ balance cannot
be adjusted"
 Fault cause 2: CODEC chip is faultily welded or damaged.

 Fault phenomenon: Earphones switch silently 1. Press the sound volume button on the machine head and measure
the voltage at the checkpoint:
Phenomenon Small signal board Voltage V
Earphones switch Checkpoint A26: horn state 0
silently Checkpoint A26: earphone state 3.3
2. Check the welding of the following points:
A27
Earphones switch Check whether there is any false A28
silently welding A29
A30
 Note: when pressing the volume knob to switch the horn/
earphone state, the relay at A28 should have an action sound. In
the previous maintenance process, the relay was found to be
damaged.

 Fault phenomenon: There is no prompt tone for turning on or off the machine Setting Parameters
Name Parameter
3
Y-axis:
100mV
Under the receiving state, the condition of checkpoint A32 measured is
as follows:
Operational amplifier
A32 0.94
reference voltage
At startup/shutdown, A31 conditions should be measured as follows:
Checkpoint Amplitude mVpp Name
Prompt tone signal for
A31 About 100
turning on or off the machine
At the same time, a sine wave signal should be seen on the oscilloscope,
which is an on/off prompt signal.

 Fault phenomenon: The horn is silent The instrument settings are as follows:
Setting Parameters
Name Parameter
3
Signal Source /
14.271MHz -40dBm
Y-axis:
200mV
as follows:
Audio power amplifier
Horn socket A34 8.9
working voltage
Amplitude
mVpp
Audio signal
A33 1kHz 50
voltage
Audio signal
A35 1kHz 680
voltage
Check the welding of the following points:
Check whether there is any false
The horn is silent Horn socket
welding

 Fault phenomenon: The hand microphone has no transmitting power 1. Instrument setting:
Setting Parameters
Name Parameter
3
Function signal Frequency: 1 Amplitude:
/
source kHz 250mVpp
Y-axis:
200mV
2. Connect the test hand microphone to the machine head and measure
the status of the following checkpoints:
Amplitude
mVpp
Audio signal
A36-1 1kHz 200
voltage
Audio signal
A36-2 1kHz 200
voltage
3. Measure whether the two welding points of A36 are connected to the
lower ends of the two inductors of A37 with the on-off gear of
multimeter.
4. Check the welding of the following points:
No power at the Check whether all components
A37
hand microphone are faultily welded or damaged
5. The measured data at each checkpoint are as follows:
A39 0.94 Audio reference voltage
Amplitude
mVpp
200Audio differential
A38-1 1kHz
signal amplitude
200 Audio differential
A38-2 1kHz
signal amplitude
6. Check whether the 16bit-CODEC chip is faultily welded or
damaged.

 Fault phenomenon: Transmit when the machine is turned on (accompanied by a long prompt Maintenance methods:
tone) Fault cause: CW pedestal is partially short-circuited
 Check whether the pins of CW pedestal are short-circuited to the
CW key socket
ground and whether the two ESD protection diodes are broken
down.

 Fault phenomenon: There is no transmission power in the line input Check the welding of the following points:
A40
The line input has Check whether there is any false
A41
no power welding
A42
 Check whether the Mini-Din8 pedestal is damaged or poorly
contacted.
 Check whether the wire from A41 to A42 is connected.
 Check whether the machine head setting is in LINE.

 Fault phenomenon: There is no wave band voltage output Check the welding of the following checkpoints:
There is no wave Check whether there is any false A43
band voltage output welding A44
 Check whether the Mini-Din8 pedestal is damaged or poorly
contacted.
 Check whether the wire from A43 to A44 is connected.

Base board G90-BASEBD-V2.0.6 1. Observe whether the pins of the power input transformer are welded
reversely. The output of the transformer should be the same winding
 Fault phenomenon: The plug-in power line is short-circuited to the ground corresponding to the welding input, and cannot be connected in reverse.
After reverse connection, it is short-circuited directly after plugging in.
2. Observe whether the winding of the transformer is burnt.
3. Measure whether the chip capacitor at the output of the transformer
is short-circuited.
Power Interface
Power Input
Transformer

 Fault phenomenon: Short circuit at startup 1. Check whether there is continuous tin electrodeposit caused by the
manual welding of components in each point:
B1
There is no wave Check whether there is any false B2
band voltage output welding B3
B4
2. Check whether components of the 9V and 5V voltage regulators
are installed incorrectly, and check whether the two RD16 are
installed incorrectly.
3. Check whether the pins of the output transformer are
short-circuited with the nearby components; or whether there is
continuous tin electrodeposit in nearby components.

 Fault phenomenon: High startup current and abnormal operation of the whole device The fault is mainly caused by the abnormal switching of the
transmitting and receiving voltages, which leads to the incomplete
switching of the voltages of the two circuits.
1. Disconnect the transmitting small signal line.
2. Press/ release the hand microphone PTT button, and the
measurement data of each checkpoint shall be as follows:
B5 +9T Transmitting 9V voltage
B6 +9R Receiving 9V voltage
 In the receiving state, +9T voltage should be about 0V;
 In the transmitting state, +9T should be about 9V, and +9R
should be about 0~0.15V.
3. If the above voltage is abnormal, focus on checking whether the
components in the T/R voltage switching unit are faultily welded or
defective. MOS tube and diode in this unit are damaged a lot.
T/R Voltage Switching Unit

 Fault phenomenon: low startup current 1. Check the model of the two regulators to prevent wrong loading of
materials.
2. Check the voltage at each point:
B7 +9 Internal 9V voltage
B8 +5 Internal 5V voltage
 In some cases, the low startup current is probably due to the
wrong material loading of the two regulators.

 Fault phenomenon: there is sudden change of current when the power amplifier is adjusted to Maintenance methods:
static state 1. First confirm that the static current does have nonlinear changes
(sudden changes) during regulation.
2. Adjust all three adjustable potentiometers to zero.
3. First turn up potentiometers B10 and B11 by 650mA respectively,
and observe whether the change of current is linear during adjustment.
4. Then adjust potentiometer B9 to increase the current by 350mA, and
observe the change of current at any time during the adjustment. Once
there is a sudden increase in current, return the potentiometer B9 to
zero and adjust it again to observe whether the current changes
suddenly. If it still changes suddenly, it can be determined that the
power tube RD06 is damaged.
 According to previous maintenance experience, most sudden
changes of current are caused by the damage of RD06.

 Fault phenomenon: during static current adjustment, the current does not change 1. Disconnect the transmitting small signal line and press the hand
microphone so that the whole device enters the transmitting state.
2. Check the voltage status at each point:
Power tube grid voltage (cut-off
B12 2.5～4.55
- amplification)
Power tube grid voltage (cut-off
B13 2.5～4.55
- amplification)
B14 13.8 Power tube VCC voltage
B15 13.8 Power tube VCC voltage
3. If the voltage of check points B12 and B13 is 0 or lower than the
above standard voltage, it indicates that there is a problem with the
power tube grid power supply or there is a short circuit in the power
tube grid.
3.1 Power off the whole device and unplug the power cord. Measure
whether the grid of two RD16HHF1 power tubes is short-circuited to
the ground.
3.2 Start up to enter the transmitting state, and measure whether the
voltage at the following check points is normal:
Transmitting reference
B16 6
voltage
Transmitting reference
B17 6
voltage
4. If the above steps are normal, check the following points:
Transformer secondary
B18 13.8V
voltage
Transformer secondary
B19 13.8V
voltage
B20 13.8V Transformer primary voltage
B21 13.8V Voltage at the choke
 If there is a point with voltage of 0 among the above check points,
check whether there is false welding at the four points.

 Fault phenomenon: the power supply is short-circuited as soon as the transmitting starts (the Maintenance methods:
power supply exceeds 10A)  Power off the whole device, and check whether the winding of
the output transformer is short-circuited with the copper tube of
the transformer.
Output transformer This fault is generally a short circuit caused by the cutting of the
winding sheath by the copper tube in the transformer during the
manufacturing process of the transformer.

 Fault phenomenon: no power 1. Adopt the stage-by-stage signal inspection method to troubleshoot
such faults. The signal measurement at each check point shall be as
follows:
Setting Parameters
Name Parameter
3
Y-axis:
0.2～20V
Connect the transmitting small signal line, connect the test hand
microphone, and switch the test tooling to the transmitting state
Frequency Amplitude
Checkpoint Name
MHz Vpp
0.62 Power amplifier
B18 14.27
input signal
B19 14.27 2.4 Preamp output
1.84 Three-wire
B20 14.27
transformer output
B21 14.27 10.2 RD06 output
B22 14.27 17～18.5 RD16 input
118 Power amplifier
B23 14.27
transformer output
98～100 Antenna port
B24 14.27
output
2. When the amplitude of a certain stage is significantly different from
the above standard amplitude, it should be re-detected and positioned.
3. When no signal is detected at B18 checkpoint, it is necessary to
consider whether the IPX signal line is damaged.

 Fault phenomenon: no power in some frequency range (low power) General cause: the relay and coil of a certain filter are faulty.
1. Take the filter shown in the figure as an example, and pay attention
to the input and output terminals in the figure.
Output 2. First make sure that check point B23 has output, with high amplitude
(generally above 50V).
3. Judgment in the following situations:
Comprehensive Situation Fault Point
B25 has no Input
No signal
B23 has signal Low or high terminal
behind input
signal current relay is
terminal
broken
There is B25 has no Output
B23 has voltage on signal High terminal
signal the coil in current relay is
the filter broken
No voltage The filter
There is
on the coil in coil is
Input B23 has signal
the filter Low current broken or
signal behind input
faultily
terminal
welded
 This fault is generally caused by relay damage (internal contact is
damaged after wave welding), and part of it is caused by LPF coil
breaking or false welding. The fault phenomenon is obvious,
which can be determined one by one according to the above
method.

 Fault phenomenon: the power of the whole section is small (only ≤ 10W)  Fault cause 1: this fault is generally caused by the reverse
welding of the primary and secondary coils of the input
transformer.
Feedback resistor
Transformer primary (near RD06 end): 2T
Transformer secondary (near RD16 end): 6T
Secondary Primary
 Fault cause 2: two feedback resistors are faultily welded or
desoldered.
Input transformer
Feedback resistor

 Fault phenomenon: power out of control (output exceeds 22W, and regulation is invalid) Maintenance methods:
 Fault phenomenon: The standing wave of the variable capacitor cannot be adjusted to the  Power out of control: this fault is generally caused by the false
minimum welding of standing wave bridge unit or FPC socket unit. Check
the welding condition.
 The standing wave cannot be adjusted to 0: check whether the

variable capacitor of the standing wave bridge unit is welded well;
check whether the coil winding of the standing wave coupler is
broken.
 During the maintenance, LM358 damage is found, so pay

attention to screening.
Standing wave
bridge
FPC socket

 Fault phenomenon: when switching frequency range, LPF relay does not act 1. The relay of each LPF frequency range is controlled by the control
chip ULN2803 output .
2. Voltage of output control pin corresponding to ULN2803:
Pin voltage Unselected
Selected Voltage
corresponding to Voltage
each band output
0.7V 13.8V
of ULN2803
3. According to the circuit schematic diagram, measure the band
voltage of the output pin respectively, to judge whether ULN2803
works normally.
4. Check whether the previous stage control chip 74HC595 of
ULN2803 has poor welding.
Frequency range control

chip

 Fault phenomenon: some sections of the transmitting spectrum are abnormal, with large stray Fault Maintenance Method
Phenomenon Base board Checkpoint
Check whether there is any pin
B27
Multi frequency connected to tin
range adhesion Check whether there is any pin
B28
connected to tin
 All 0402 packaged chip capacitors on the B27 check point should
be carefully checked. Due to the welding of the transformer and
feedback resistor below, it is easy for this capacitor to connect tin,
resulting in band control disorder. This fault occurs frequently.

 Fault phenomenon: antenna tuner failure (unable to adjust) 1. Check whether all chips, relays and coils in the antenna tuner unit
are faultily welded.
2. Confirm whether the magnetic ring and number of turns of the
antenna tuner coil are correct.
3. Check whether the transmitting static current of the power
amplifier unit is correctly adjusted.
4. Check whether the standing wave bridge is well adjusted.
Antenna tuner unit

Revision Record:
Prepared/ Revised Version No.
by Revision Content Date
Preparation for V1.0/A0
Yan Huan the first time 2022.07.27

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Document No.

Short-Wave Transceiver Series

Version: First Edition

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Basic skills of board-level maintenance:

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Main troubleshooting methods:

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II. Board-Level Maintenance

Fault Maintenance Method

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Fault Maintenance Method

 This fault is mostly caused by the false welding of components.

Fault Maintenance Method

 Fault phenomenon: high current

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Fault Maintenance Method

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Fault Maintenance Method

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Earphone/ horn switch

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Measurement Frequency Amplitude

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Fault Maintenance Method

 Pay attention to the damage of COMM socket, such as short

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Special reasons for some "Receive Failures":

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Mainboard of the new version:

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 The coupling capacitor on the back of the small signal board

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Transmitting Mixer Setting Parameters

Checkpoint Voltage V Name

 Fault cause 2: CODEC chip is faultily welded or damaged.

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