Rajput - Amber

Amber
• Also known as Kingdom of Dhundhar and Jaipur State

• located in the north-eastern historic Dhundhar region of Rajputana
• ruled by the Kachwaha Rajput clan.
• established by Dulha Rai
- possibly the last ruler of the Kachchhapaghata dynasty
- Of Gwalior
- who migrated to Dausa
- started his kingdom there with the support of Chahamanas of
Shakambhari in the 12th century.
-
• Mostly through 12th to 15th century, the kingdom faced stagnation, sources
were scarce.
• Under its ruler, Raja Chandrasen Amer became a Sisodia vassal and fought in
the Battle of Khanwa under Raja Prithviraj Kachhwaha.
• Vassal state of the Mughal Empire (1562–1710 CE)
• Raja Bharmal,
- the kingdom heavily aligned with the Mughals
- he even married his daughter to Akbar.
- His son and grandson Raja Bhagwant Das and Raja Man Singh I were
leading generals in Akbar’s army and helped him in expanding the
empire.
• Raja Bhagwant
- was the 23rd Kacchwaha ruler of Amber.
- He also served as the Subahdar of Lahore and the Subahdar of Kabul for a
few months in 1586.
- His son, Man Singh I, one of the Navaratnas of Akbar became the
highest-ranking official of his court
- his daughter, Man Bai, was the first and chief wife of Prince Salim
(later Jahangir).
• Raja Man Singh
- At the time of Akbar’s death, the relationship of Raja Man Singh with Prince
Salim (Jahangir) became estranged.
- in league with Aziz Koka, (a Mughal noble) favoured the candidature of Prince
Khusrau against Salim for the Mughal throne Khusrau was the nephew
(sister’s son) of Man Singh and the son-in-law of Aziz Koka
- This issue also divided the Kachhawaha Ram Das and Raisal Darbari sided
with Salim
- At that time, both were in charge of the Khazana-i-amira (imperial treasury)
Man Singh and Aziz Koka wanted to gain control over the treasury but those in
charge of the treasury resisted and succeeded in safeguarding the treasury
Eventually when Jahangir became the Emperor, he was hostile to Man Singh
and others who had opposed him.
- Man Singh was sent away to Bengal, and none of the Kachhawa has nobles
were given the charge of any office throughout Jahangir’s reign (Ram Das and
Raisal Darbari were favoured and were raised to the rank of 5000 zat
- Though Jahangir was unhappy with Man Singh, political exigency did not
allow him to severe his relations with the powerful Kachhawaha chieftain
- Therefore, in 1608, he married the daughter of Man Singh’s deceased eldest
son (Jagat Singh Raja Man Singh held the rank of 7000 zat and 7000 sawar till
his death in 1614-15
- In 1614, Jahangir, instead of granting the gaddi of Amber to Maha Singh, gave
tika to Bhao Singh who was also given the title of Mirza Raja and a rank of
4000 zat which was raised to 5000 zat according to the law of primogeniture
prevailing among the Kachhawaha clan, the gaddi should have gone to Maha
Singh who was the son of Jagat Singh, the deceased eldest son of Man Singh.
• Mirza Raja Jai Singh I served under Shah Jahan and became a distinguished
general. He fell out of Aurangzeb’s favour when he was suspected of helping
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj escape from Mughal captivity in 1664.
• Mirza Raja Ram Singh I
- was the Raja of the Kingdom of Amber and head of the Kachwaha Rajput
clan, succeeding his father Mirza Raja Jai Singh I.
- He also served as the general of the Mughal Empire and commander-in-chief
of its army as well as the Subahdar of Kashmir.
- He was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb as a commander
of 4000 in 1667 to invade the Ahom Kingdom of present-day Assam, but the
loss at the Battle of Saraighat (1671) and the subsequent retreat led to his
recall to the capital and following disgrace and a downfall in rank and order at
the imperial Mughal court which though lasted for a short span of time
• Mirza Raja Bishan Singh
- He succeeded his grandfather Mirza Raja Ram Singh I since his father Kishan
Singh died in the lifetime of his grandfather.
- He was also the subahdar of the province of Assam from the year 1687 to
1695 in the reigning times of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
- He is known to have fathered one of the most eminent political icons of 18 th
century India i.e Sawai Jai Singh II .
• Sawai Jai Singh II
- (3 November 1688 – 21 September 1743),
- popularly known as Sawai Raja Jai Singh, was the 29 th Kachwaha Rajput ruler
- founded the fortified city of Jaipur and made it his capital.
- He became the ruler of Amber at the age of 11, after the death of his father
- Initially, Raja Jai Singh served as a vassal of the Mughal Empire.
- He was given the title of “Sawai” by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb before the
siege of Khelna Fort in Deccan.
- “Sawai” means one and a quarter times superior to his contemporaries.
- He received the title of Maharaja Sawai, Raj Rajeshwar, Shri Rajadhiraj
- In the later part of his life, Jai Singh broke free from Mughal hegemony, and to
assert his sovereignty, performed the Ashvamedha sacrifice, an ancient rite
that had been abandoned for several centuries. He moved his kingdom’s
capital from the town of Amber to the newly established walled city of Jaipur
in 1727, and performed two Ashwamedha sacrifices, one in 1734, and again
in 1741

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Amber

• Also known as Kingdom of Dhundhar and Jaipur State

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