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Contactless Near Field Communication (NFC)

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CONTACTLESS NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC): An NFC device may make a payment like a credit card by touching a payment

terminal at checkout or a vending machine when a PIN is entered. Near Field Communication (NFC) is used mostly in paying for purchases made in physical stores or transportation services. A consumer using a special mobile phone equipped with a smartcard waves his/her phone near a reader module. Most transactions do not require authentication, but some require authentication using PIN, before transaction is completed. The payment could be deducted from a pre-paid account or charged to a mobile or bank account directly. The NFC mobile-payment application is currently in trials in the United States, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands and a few other countries, with transportation ticketing as a primary use (think SpeedPass on a cell phone). A mobile-payment-enabled phone is associated with a bank or credit-card company just like it's associated with a phone-service provider. The technology is similar to the RFID (radio frequency identification) transmitters used in contactless credit cards, except that NFC chips allow for two-way communication instead of only one way, which is supposed to make for a more secure payment method. NFC expands eCommerce opportunities, increases transaction speed and accuracy, while reducing staffing requirements. Mobile payment method via NFC faces significant challenges for wide and fast adoption, due to lack of supporting infrastructure, complex ecosystem of stakeholders, and standards. TECHNOLOGY: The technology behind NFC, like RFID, uses inductive coupling to transfer data. Induction occurs when a wire (or any other conductor of electricity) passes through a magnetic field, generating an electric current in the wire. It's similar to the principal of electromagnetism -- that passing an electric current through a coil of wire will generate a magnetic field -- only in reverse. An NFC chip has a coil of wire built into it, much like an RFID chip. When an NFC-equipped cell phone gets to within a few centimeters of an NFCequipped payment station, which is generating a magnetic field and also has a coil of wire inside, an electric current jumps between the two coils of wire, signaling data-carrying, short-range radio waves to pass between the two

devices. MARKETPLACE FOR NFC: According to a research two recent events have likely ushered the dawn of NFC smartphone technology in the mainstream marketplace. Google released Google Wallet Isis announced last week that a handful of major handset manufacturers are already showing support for its NFC platform. (Isis is a joint mobile payment venture between AT&T and Verizon and T-Mobile. ISIS now backed by four major Credit Cards, just announced partnerships with three new credit card companies: Visa, MasterCard and American Express. PayPal took its first step towards NFC adoption. It unveiled a service that allows Android users to transfer funds between NFC-enabled mobile devices, simply by tapping them together. The Nokia 6131 was the first fully integrated mobile-payment cell phone. APPLICATIONS: NFC vendors mostly in Europe use contactless payment over mobile phones to pay for on- and off-street parking in specially demarcated areas. The NFC chip is embedded underneath the cover of the phone. According to the NFC forum, you could also use an NFC phone to unlock the door to your house and synch your phone calendar with your PC calendar.

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