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    Lesson Biomolecule

    Uploaded by

    liquezdaryl

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lesson Biomolecule

    Uploaded by

    liquezdaryl
    3 views41 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views41 pages

    Lesson Biomolecule

    Uploaded by

    liquezdaryl

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 41

    You are

    what you
    !

    eat.
    LEARNING
    COMPETENCY:
    Recognize the major
    categories of
    biomolecules such as
    carbohydrates, lipids,
    proteins and nucleic
    acids.
    BIOMOLECULES
    🠶 A biomolecule refers
    to any molecule that is
    produced by living
    organisms. As such,
    most of them are
    organic molecules,
    such as
    CARBOHYDRATES,
    LIPIDS, PROTEINS and
    NUCLEIC ACIDS.
    CARBOHYDRATES
    Carbohydrates aka…

    Sugar
    Carbs

    Starch
    How does our body
    break down this bread?
    Breaks down into
    microscopic molecules

    Polysaccharide

    Monosaccharide
    Disaccharide
    Structure

    One Sugar

    Monosaccharid
    e
    Structure

    Two Sugar

    Disaccharide
    Structure

    Many
    Sugar

    Polysaccharide
    Function
    🠶 Provide QUICK energy to the
    body!
    How are
    complex
    carbohydrates
    formed and
    broken down?
    Hydrolysis
    🠶 Addition of WATER to a
    compound SPLITS it
    disaccharide + H2O ---> monosaccharide
    + monosaccharide

    C12H22O11 + H2O ---> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6


    Dehydration Synthesis
    Combining single compounds into a complex one
    by removing water

    monosaccharide + monosaccharide ----


    > disaccharide + water

    C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ---->C12H22O11 + H2O

    (Process forms disaccharides & polysaccharides)


    Which
    biomolecule
    is the
    easiest
    source of
    energy?
    Which is the
    most
    abundant
    biomolecule
    on earth?
    Thank
    You!
    LIPIDS
    Insoluble in
    water
    Breaks down into
    microscopic molecules

    Fats, oils, waxes, steroids


    Monomer:
    3 fatty acids +
    glycerol
    Function
    🠶 Made mainly of carbon and
    hydrogen (few oxygen)
    🠶 Fat best method of STORING
    🠶 forms cell membranes
    🠶 Insulates nerve cells
    🠶 Insulates body (maintains
    homeostasis)
    Proteins

    Whey
    Protein

    Meat

    Polypeptide
    Peanut
    butter
    This is an amino acid.
    It is the monomer for
    a protein. It contains
    C, H, O and N. It has
    3 groups: an amino
    group, an R-group,
    and a carboxyl
    group. The R-group is
    considered a variant
    group because it
    Breaks down into
    microscopic molecules

    Polypeptide

    Meat

    Amino Acid

    Monomer: amino acid


    Polymer: polypeptide
    Monomer:
    Amino Acids

    • Contains C, H, O, N
    • 20 types
    • Has both
    hydrophobic &
    hydrophylic ends
    • Differ in R-group
    • R-group can be
    acidic, basic or
    neutral
    • Makes polypeptide
    Polymer: Polypeptide
    (peptide means bond)

    • Formed by dehydration synthesis


    • Sequence determined by DNA
    • 3-D and folds to take up less
    space
    Function of Proteins

    🠶 Provides us with building


    blocks for life!
    🠶 Also regulate most
    functions in a cell.
    🠶 Glycoproteins (antigens)
    🠶 Combines w/DNA to form
    chromosomes
    🠶 Turns genes on and off
    🠶 Antibodies (fights disease)
    Function of Proteins

    🠶 Provides structure &


    strength (fibers)
    🠶 Transports molecules in
    & out cells
    🠶 Hemoglobin (transports
    O2)
    🠶 Enzymes (speeds up
    rxns)- has –ase suffix
    🠶 Acts as hormones
    (insulin)- many proteins
    have suffix of -in
    Nucleic Acids

    🠶 Contains C, H, O, N, P
    🠶 Monomer: NUCLEOTIDES
    🠶 Nucleotides consist of 3
    parts:
    1. 5-Carbon Sugar
    2. Phosphate Group
    3. Nitrogenous Base
    Nucleotide: Nitrogen Bases

    🠶 5 types
    🠶 Cytosine
    🠶 Guanine
    🠶 Adenine
    🠶 Thymine (in DNA
    only)
    🠶 Uracil (in RNA only)
    In DNA:
    In RNA: 🠶 Purines or
    C-G
    C-G
    pyrimidines
    A-T
    Nucleotides:
    5-carbon sugar and
    phosphate group

    🠶 2 types of sugars
    🠶 Ribose (in RNA only)
    🠶 Deoxyribose (in DNA
    only)
    🠶 Phosphate group
    🠶 Contains phosphorus
    & oxygen
    🠶 Polymer:
    polynucleotide
    Function
    Polypeptide: DNA
    (deoxyribonucleic acid)

    🠶 contains the genetic


    code
    🠶 stores & transmit
    heredity/genetic
    information
    🠶 found in the nucleus
    (mitochondria)
    🠶 Double stranded
    (double helix)
    Function
    Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic acid)
    🠶 Carries info from
    DNA to cell
    🠶 Helps in protein
    synthesis
    🠶 found in ribosomes &
    nucleoli
    🠶 Single stranded
    Polypeptide: ATP

    🠶 Contains
    adenine, ribose
    sugar, 3
    phosphates
    🠶 Stores and
    releases energy
    Concept Map
    Section 2-3

    Carbon
    Compounds
    include

    that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of

    which contain which contain which contain which contain


    Concept Map
    Section 2-3

    Carbon
    Compounds
    include

    Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

    that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of

    Sugars and
    Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids
    starches
    which contain which contain which contain which contain

    Carbon, Carbon, Carbon,hydrogen, Carbon,


    hydrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen,oxygen,
    oxygen oxygen phosphorus nitrogen,
    Which
    biomolecule
    has the most
    energy!?
    C-H bonds

    🠶 Count the number of C-H


    bonds in your
    monosaccharide picture.
    🠶 Count the number of C-H
    bonds in your saturated or
    unsaturated bond picture
    🠶 Which biomolecule
    (carbs or fats) have more
    C-H bonds?
    The number of C-H bonds
    = the amount of energy

    🠶 The more C-H


    bonds a
    biomolecule has,
    the more energy it
    has!
    🠶 Fats have the most
    energy because
    they have the most
    C-H bonds!

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