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Administration Guide
FortiPAM 1.0.0
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August 10, 2023

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide
74-100-869629-20230810
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Change Log 7
Introduction 9
FortiPAM concepts 9
Organization of the guide 10
Using the GUI 10
Banner 11
GUI based global search 11
CLI commands 12
Admin 12
Tables 16
Modes of operation 18
FortiPAM deployment options 19
Feature availability 22
FortiPAM installation 24
Installing FortiClient with the FortiPAM feature 24
FortiPAM appliance setup 25
FortiPAM with TPM 27
Connecting to target remote systems 29
Licensing 30
Dashboard 32
Adding a custom dashboard 35
System information widget 36
Licenses widget 37
VM license 38
Folders 39
Creating a folder 42
Secrets 49
Secret list 50
Creating a secret 51
Launching a secret 61
Check out and check in a secret 62
Uploading secrets using the secret upload template 63
Change password 64
Verify password 67
Example secret configurations example 68
Secret launchers 71
Creating a launcher 73
Secret templates 79
Creating secret templates 80
Policies 85
Creating a policy 86
SSH filter profiles 91
FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 3

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Creating an SSH filter 91
Job list 96
Creating a job 96
Monitoring 99
User monitor 99
Active sessions 99
User management 101
User definition 101
Creating a user 102
User groups 113
Role 117
Access control options 125
LDAP servers 127
SAML Single Sign-On (SSO) 130
RADIUS servers 134
Schedule 136
FortiTokens 139
Approval request 142
My requests 142
Make a request 143
Request review 145
Approve a request 146
Approval flow 147
Approval profile 147
Password changing 151
Character sets 151
Creating a character set 152
Password policies 152
Creating a password policy 153
Password changers 155
Creating a password changer 156
Authentication 164
Addresses 164
Creating an address 165
Creating an address group 170
Scheme & Rules 172
Creating an authentication scheme 173
Creating an authentication rule 180
System 182
Firmware 182
Settings 182
SNMP 186
Fortinet MIBs 189
SNMP agent 190
Creating or editing an SNMP community 190

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Creating or editing an SNMP user 192
High availability 194
HA active-passive cluster setup 197
Upgrading FortiPAM devices in an HA cluster 199
Disaster recovery 200
Certificates 202
Creating a certificate 203
Generating a CSR (Certificate Signing Request) 206
Importing CA certificate 208
Uploading a remote certificate 209
Importing a CRL (Certificate revocation list) 209
ZTNA 211
Creating a ZTNA rule 211
Creating a ZTNA server 215
Creating a ZTNA tag group 220
ZTNA user control 220
ZTNA tag control example 222
ZTNA-based FortiPAM access control 223
Backup 226
Sending backup file to a server Example 230
Network 232
Interfaces 232
Creating an interface 233
Creating a zone 236
DNS settings 236
Packet capture 239
Creating a packet capture filter 240
Static routes 242
Creating an IPv4 static route 242
Security profile 245
AntiVirus 245
Creating an antivirus profile 246
Data loss prevention (DLP) protection for secrets 248
Supported file types 250
Security fabric 253
Fabric Connectors 253
FortiAnalyzer logging 255
Log & report 258
Events 258
Secret 260
ZTNA 263
SSH 265
Reports 265
Log settings 267
Email alert settings 270
Email alert when the glass breaking mode is activated example 271

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Troubleshooting 273
Troubleshoot using trace files 273
Example troubleshooting example 274
FortiPAM HTTP filter 275
Appendix A: Installation on KVM 277
Appendix B: Installation on VMware 280
Appendix C: Installing vTPM package on KVM and adding vTPM to
FortiPAM-VM 285
Appendix D: vTPM for FortiPAM on VMware 287
Appendix E: Enabling soft RAID on KVM or VMware 288

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Change Log
Date Change Description
2023-02-06 Initial release.

Updated User groups on page 113.
2023-02-07 Updated Change password on page 64 and FortiPAM appliance setup on page 25.
2023-02-08 Updated Feature availability on page 22 and Licensing on page 30.
2023-02-09 Added FortiPAM deployment options on page 19.

Updated Admin on page 12, Email alert when the glass breaking mode is activated example on
page 271, and Email alert settings on page 270.
2023-02-21 Updated FortiPAM deployment options on page 19.
2023-02-22 Updated:
l Appendix A: Installation on KVM on page 277
l Appendix B: Installation on VMware on page 280

l Email alert when the glass breaking mode is activated example on page 271
l Creating a secret on page 51
l Example secret configurations example on page 68
l Secret launchers on page 71
Added Adding SSH filter to secret on page 94
2023-02-23 Updated:
l Launching a secret on page 61
l Example secret configurations example on page 68

l Uploading secrets using the secret upload template on page 63
l Policies on page 85
l Backup on page 226
l Creating a ZTNA rule on page 211
l Creating a ZTNA server on page 215
l Creating a ZTNA tag group on page 220
l Settings on page 182
l Disaster recovery on page 200
2023-02-24 Updated Backup on page 226 and Sending backup file to a server Example on page 230.
2023-02-27 Updated:
l AntiVirus on page 245
l Data loss prevention (DLP) protection for secrets on page 248

l Job list on page 96
l Creating a job on page 96
l My requests on page 142

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Change Log
Date Change Description

l Make a request on page 143
l Request review on page 145
l Approval profile on page 147
l Enabling approval profiles for a secret on page 148
2023-02-28 Updated Fabric Connectors on page 253.
2023-03-01 Updated:
l Events on page 258
l Secret on page 260

l ZTNA on page 263
l SSH on page 265
l User monitor on page 99
l Active sessions on page 99
l Password policies on page 152
l 2FA with FortiToken example on page 109
2023-03-02 Updated Creating a secret on page 51, Creating a policy on page 86, and Launching a secret on
page 61.
Added Supported file types on page 250.
2023-03-03 Updated FortiPAM with TPM on page 27.
2023-03-06 Updated FortiPAM with TPM on page 27.
2023-03-20 Updated Troubleshoot using trace files on page 273, FortiPAM HTTP filter on page 275, and
Creating an authentication rule on page 180.
Added Troubleshooting on page 273 and Example troubleshooting example on page 274.
2023-03-24 Updated Creating a secret on page 51.
2023-03-31 Updated FortiPAM appliance setup on page 25.
2023-04-14 Updated FortiPAM deployment options on page 19.
2023-08-10 Updated High availability on page 194.

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Introduction
FortiPAM is a privileged access management solution. FortiPAM solutions are an important part of an enterprise
network, providing role-based access, auditing, and security options for privileged users (users that have system access
beyond that of a regular user).
FortiPAM delivers the following functionalities:
l Credential vaulting: Users do not need credentials, reducing the risk of credential leaking as no sensitive data is
on the user system after a session. Passwords are automatically changed.
l Privileged account access control: Users can only access FortiPAM resources based on their roles (standard
user or admin user).
FortiPAM offers secret permission control to access a target server. Admin users can define common policies and a
hierarchical approval system for standard users to access sensitive information. FortiPAM also provides options to
control risky user activities such as a user attempting to encrypt the disk.
FortiPAM offers ZTNA tag-based and protocol-based access control (RDP, SSH, VNC, and WEB) and allows
access from anywhere, including native web-based access.
l Privileged activity monitoring and recording: FortiPAM can monitor, record, and audit privileged user activities.
FortiPAM provides information on sessions, user keystrokes, and mouse events.
FortiPAM concepts
FortiPAM user
There are two types of FortiPAM user:

l Standard user: Performs management tasks on the target system, e.g., IT staff, IT contractor, Database
Administrator (DBA). Standard users are typically IT Managers and IT System Admins.
l Admin user: Performs management tasks on FortiPAM server.
Target
A server/device with a privileged account supporting RDP, SSH, Web, or other admin protocols. Target systems include
Windows workstation, Windows domain controller, Web server, Unix server, SQL- server, router, or firewall.
Secrets
The secrets contain information on login, credentials, and the target server IP address. Secrets are core assets in
FortiPAM representing methods and credentials to access target systems in your organization.
Launchers
Launchers help users gain remote access to a target without needing to know, view, or copy the password stored in
FortiPAM.

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Introduction
Launchers can invoke client-side software on the FortiPAM user’s endpoint, which is software to perform management
tasks, e.g., Internet Explorer, PuTTY(ssh), RDP client, and SQL-commander.
Folders
Folders help manage a large number of secrets efficiently by organizing them in a hierarchical view. You can organize
customers, computers, regions, branch offices, etc., into folders.
You can quickly look for secrets from the folder tree view.
Granting permissions becomes faster as secrets in a folder share the same permission and policy.
Organization of the guide
The FortiPAM Administration Guide contains the following sections:

l FortiPAM installation on page 24 describes basic setup information for getting started with your FortiPAM.
l Licensing on page 30 describes how to register, download, and upload your FortiPAM-VM license.
l Dashboard on page 32 contains widgets providing performance and status information.
l Folders on page 39 describes features and options related to folders where secrets reside.
l Secrets on page 49 describes features and options related to secrets, secret launchers, secret templates, policies,
SSH filter profiles, and jobs.
l Monitoring on page 99 contains information on user logins and active sessions on FortiPAM.
l User management on page 101 describes managing FortiPAM user database.
l Approval request on page 142 describes how to send a secret approval request, review a request, and create
approval profiles when approval from the members of an approval profile is required to launch a secret or perform a
job on a secret.
l Password changing on page 151 describes creating password policies, character sets used in password policies,
and password changers used to periodically change the password of a secret.
l Authentication on page 164 describes creating addresses, address groups, IPv6 address template, authentication
rules, and schemes.
l System on page 182 describes managing and configuring basic system settings for FortiPAM. It also contains
settings related to firmware, SNMP, HA, certificates, ZTNA, and automatic backup.
l Network on page 232 describes configuring interfaces, DNS settings, packet capture, and static routes.
l Security profile on page 245 describes configuring FortiPAM security features.
l Security fabric on page 253 describes creating fabric connectors to provide integration with Fortinet products.
l Log & report on page 258 describes how to view logs and reports on FortiPAM.
Using the GUI
This section presents an introduction to the graphical user interface (GUI) on your FortiPAM.
The following topics are included in this section:
l Banner on page 11
l Tables on page 16

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Introduction
For information about using the dashboards, see Dashboard on page 32.
Banner
Along the top of each page, the following options are included in the banner:
l Open/close side menu
l Search icon: opens GUI based global search. See GUI based global search on page 11.
l Build number
In the build number dropdown, select Hide Label to hide the build number.
l CLI console ( ): opens the CLI console. See CLI commands on page 12.
l Help ( ): opens the online help document.
l Notifications ( ): shows latest notifications.
l Theme: from the dropdown, select one of the available themes.
l Admin: from the dropdown, see FortiPAM version and build, go to system and configuration, change password, or
log out. See Admin on page 12.
GUI based global search
The global search option in the GUI allows users to search for keywords appearing in objects and navigation menus to
quickly access the object and configuration page. Click the magnifying glass icon in the top-left corner of the banner to
access the global search.
The global search includes the following features:
l Keep a history of frequent and recent searches
l Sort results alphabetically by increasing or decreasing order, and relevance by search weight
l Search by category
l Search in Security Fabric members (accessed by the Security Fabric members dropdown menu in the banner)
Global search example - Example
In this example, searching for the word ZTNA yields the following results:
l ZTNA in System
l ZTNA in Log & Report

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Introduction
CLI commands
FortiPAM has CLI commands that are accessed using SSH or Telnet, or through the CLI console if a FortiPAM is
installed on a FortiHypervisor.
To open a CLI console, click the >_ icon in the top right corner of the GUI. The console opens on top of the GUI. It can be
minimized and multiple consoles can be opened.
CLI commands can be used to initially configure the unit, perform a factory reset, or reset the
values if the GUI is not accessible.
The FortiPAM-VM's console allows scrolling up and down through the CLI output by using
Shift+PageUp and Shift+PageDown.
Like FortiOS, the ? key can be used to display all possible options available to you, depending
upon where you are hierarchically-situated.
Admin
The Admin dropdown contains the following information and options:

l FortiPAM build number and version.
l System: activate glass breaking mode, maintenance mode, reboot, shutdown, and upload a firmware.

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Introduction
The following actions can only be performed when FortiPAM is in maintenance mode:
l Reboot.
l Shutdown.
l Uploading a firmware. See Uploading a firmware on page 14.
l Uploading a license. See Licensing on page 30.
l Restoring a configuration. See Backup and restore on page 15.
l Configuration: backup, restore, see configuration revisions, and run configuration scripts.
l Change Password: opens the Edit Password window where you can change the administrator password.
l Logout: log out of FortiPAM.
Glass Breaking mode
The glass breaking mode gives you access to all secrets in the system.
Glass breaking in FortiPAM means extending the user permission to access data that the user is not authorized to
access. Typically, user access is controlled by permission defined in every secret and folder. In a rare situation, such as
a network outage or the remote authentication server becoming unreachable, glass breaking allows you to temporarily
access important secrets and target servers to resolve issues.
As a best practice, only a few administrators should have access to the glass breaking mode. Further, the glass breaking
mode should only be activated under exceptional situations and for disaster recovery. Email notifications can also be
configured to send alerts whenever someone enters glass breaking mode. See Email alert when the glass breaking
mode is activated example on page 271.
Under glass breaking mode, all administrator activities should be logged for future audits.
Only a user configured with glass breaking permission can activate the glass breaking mode.
The permission is defined when configuring a user role in User Management > Role. See Role
on page 117.
When an administrator activates glass breaking mode on FortiPAM, the administrator can
bypass normal access control procedures, get access to all folders, secrets, and secret
requests, and launch any secret.
To enter glass breaking mode:
1. From the user dropdrown on the top-right, select Activate Glass Breaking Mode in System.
2. Enter a reason for activating the glass breaking mode.
3. Click OK.
The GUI is refreshed, and a red banner is shown on the top: FortiPAM is in glass breaking mode.
To deactivate glass breaking mode:
1. From the user dropdrown on the top-right, select Deactivate Glass Breaking Mode in System to deactivate the glass
breaking mode.
The GUI is refreshed, and a message appears on the bottom-right: Successfully demoted user.

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Introduction
When you are in the glass breaking mode, FortiPAM enforces video recording on launching a session.
To disable video recordings when in glass breaking mode:
1. Go to System > Settings.

2. In the PAM Settings pane, disable Enforce recording on glass breaking.
3. Click Apply.
Activate maintenance mode
Suspend all critical processes to allow maintenance related activities.
Uploading a firmware
You can only upload a firmware when in maintenance mode.
To enter maintenance mode:
1. From the user dropdrown, select Activate Maintenance Mode in System.

2. In the Warning dialog:
a. Enter the maximum duration, in minutes.
b. Enter a reason for activating the maintenance mode.
c. Click OK.
When in maintenance mode, select Renew Maintenance Mode in System, enter the new
duration and reason and then click OK to renew the maintenance mode.
When in maintenance mode, select Deactivate Maintenance Mode in System to deactivate the
maintenance mode.
To upload a firmware:
1. In the user dropdown, go to System > Firmware.

The Firmware Management window opens.
The following tabs are available:
Latest Displays the status of the current firmware.
All Upgrades Displays if new upgrades are available.

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Introduction
All Downgrades Displays if downgrades are available.
File Upload Allows you to upload a new firmware image manually.
2. Go to File Upload:
a. Select Browse, then locate the firmware image on your local computer.
b. Click Open.
3. Click Confirm and Backup Config.
The firmware image uploads from your local computer to the FortiPAM device, which will then reboot. For a short
period of time during this reboot, the FortiPAM device is offline and unavailable.
Backup and restore
Fortinet recommends that you back up your FortiPAM configuration to your management computer on a regular basis to
ensure that, should the system fail, you can quickly get the system back to its original state with minimal effect to the
network. You should also perform a back up after making any changes to the FortiPAM configuration.
You can encrypt the backup file to prevent tampering.
You can perform backups manually. Fortinet recommends backing up all configuration settings from your FortiPAM unit
before upgrading the FortiPAM firmware.
Your FortiPAM configuration can also be restored from a backup file on your management computer.
To backup FortiPAM configuration:
1. In the user dropdown, go to Configuration > Backup.

The Backup System Configuration window opens.
2. Select Local PC as the backup option.
3. Enable Encryption, enter and confirm password.
4. Click OK.
The backup file is downloaded to your local computer.
To restore FortiPAM configuration:
1. Enter maintenance mode. See Maintenance mode.

2. In the user dropdown, go to Configuration > Restore.
The Restore System Configuration window opens.
3. Select Local PC as the option to restore from.
4. Select Upload:
a. Locate the backup file on your local computer.
b. Click Open.
5. In Password, enter the encryption password.
6. Click OK.
When you restore the configuration from a backup file, any information changed since the backup will be lost. Any
active sessions will be ended and must be restarted. You will have to log back in when the system reboots.
Revisions
You can manage multiple versions of configuration files on FortiPAM.

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Introduction
Configurations scripts
Configuration scripts are text files that contain CLI command sequences. They can be created using a text editor or
copied from a CLI console, either manually or using the Record CLI Script function.
Scripts can be used to run the same task on multiple devices.
A comment line in a script starts with the number sign (#). Comments are not executed.
To run a script using the GUI:
1. In the user dropdown, go to Configuration > Scripts.

2. Select Run Script.
3. In the Run Script window:
a. Select either Local or Remote as the Source.
b. Select Browse, then locate the script on your local computer.
c. Click Open.
4. Click OK.
The script runs immediately, and the table is updated, showing if the script ran successfully.
Tables
Many GUI pages contain tables of information that can be filtered and customized to display specific information in a
specific way.
Some tables allow content to be edited directly on that table.
Navigation
Some tables contain information and lists that span multiple pages. Navigation controls will be available at the bottom of
the page.
Filters
Filters are used to locate a specific set of information or content in a table. They can be particularly useful for locating
specific log entries. The filtering options vary, depending on the type of information in the log.
Depending on the table content, filters can be applied using the filter bar, using a column filter, or based on a cell's
content. Some tables allow filtering based on regular expressions.
Administrators with read and write access can define filters. Multiple filters can be applied at one time.

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Introduction
To create a column filter:
1. Select + in the search bar.

2. Select one of the columns as a filter.
3. In the window that opens, you can set combinations of Contains, Exact Match, and NOT.
4. Either enter a term or terms separated by "," or |, or select from the list that appears.
5. Click Apply.
You can combine multiple filters by selecting + and repeating steps 2 to 5 for every new filter
that you require.
Column settings
Columns can be rearranged, resized, and added or removed from tables.
To add or remove columns:
1. Right-click a column header, or click the gear icon on the left side of the header row that appears when hovering the
cursor over the headers.
2. Select columns to add or remove.
3. Click Apply.
To rearrange a columns in a table:
1. Click and drag the column header.
To resize a column to fit its contents:
1. Select Filter/Configure Column from the column header.

2. In the window that opens, select Resize to Contents.
3. Click Apply.
To group contents by a column:
1. Select Filter/Configure Column from the column header.

2. In the window that appears, select Group By This Column.
3. Click Apply.
To resize all of the columns in a table to fit their content:
1. Right a column header, or click the gear icon on the left side of the header row that appears when hovering the
2. Click Best Fit All Columns.

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Introduction
To reset a table to its default view:
1. Right-click a column header, or click the gear icon on the left side of the header row that appears when hovering the
2. Click Reset Table.
Resetting a table removes applied filters.
To arrange contents in a column by ascending or descending order:
1. Click the up or down arrow to arrange contents in a column by ascending or descending order respectively.
To select multiple entries in a table:
1. Select the first entry.

2. Press and hold ctrl, select the second item, and so on.
Modes of operation
FortiPAM can operate in the following two modes:

l Proxy: All the launched traffic to the target server is forwarded to FortiPAM first. FortiPAM then connects to the
target server. FortiPAM delivers fake credentials to the client machine. FortiPAM manages the credentials and login
procedures to the target server.
All the traffic except web browsing is proxied through FortiPAM.
The proxy mode is more secure than the non-proxy mode as it does not deliver sensitive
information to the client machine.
In the proxy mode, the administrator can terminate traffic connections if improper user behavior is detected.
Web SSH, Web RDP, Web VNC, Web SFTP, and Web SMB default launchers always use the proxy mode
irrespective of the proxy settings.
l Non-proxy: All the launched traffic is directly connected to the target server without FortiPAM. FortiPAM delivers
the credential information to the client machine. The native program, PuTTY or the website browser directly
connects to the server.
The direct connection (non-proxy) mode or the web browsing comes with an added risk of
credential leakage. To reduce such risks, this mode is strictly controlled by user
permissions.
Users without sufficient permission cannot access direct mode or web browsing launchers.
The following features do not work when FortiPAM is in non-proxy mode:

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Introduction
l SSH filters
l SSH auto password delivery
l Block RDP clipboard
l RDP security level
PuTTY and WinSCP launchers are not supported when the secret is in non-proxy mode, and the secret uses an
SSH key for authentication.
TightVNC launcher is not supported when the secret is in non-proxy mode and requires a username for
authentication.
When using launchers with non-proxy mode, launchers may require the environment to be initialized beforehand.
You may specify this with init-commands and clean-commands.
Note: Init-commands and clean-commands only run in the non-proxy mode.
To select the mode of operation, see the Proxy Mode option when creating or editing a
secret. See Creating a secret on page 51. Alternatively, see the Proxy Mode option when
creating or editing a policy. See Creating a policy on page 86.
FortiPAM deployment options
A full FortiPAM solution involves FortiPAM, EMS, and standard FortiClient. When both FortiPAM and FortiClient register
to EMS, ZTNA endpoint control is available for secret launching and FortiPAM server access control. Both FortiPAM and
the target server is protected by the highest security level.
When EMS is not available, standalone FortiClient is recommended. With standalone FortiClient, native launchers such
as PuTTY, RDP, VNC Viewer, Tight VNC, and WinSCP can be used to connect to the target server and user can take
advantage of functionalities provided by these applications. Also, video recording for user activity on the target server is
sent to FortiPAM in real-time.
If FortiClient is not available, e.g., a user with Linux or MacOS system, Chrome and Edge extension called FortiPAM
Password Filler is available on Chrome Web Store and Microsoft Edge Add-ons. On this extension-only setup, web-
based launchers and web browsing are supported. The extension can record user activities on the target server.
On a system without FortiClient and browser extension, the user can still log in to FortiPAM and use the web-based
launchers. However, all other features mentioned above are not available.
1. If EMS (7.2.0 or later) is available:
a. EMS Server:
i. Enable Privilege Access Management-
i. Navigate to Endpoint Profiles > System Settings.
ii. Edit the Default System Setting Profiles.

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Introduction
iii. Select Advanced and enable Privilege Access Management.
ii. Push FortiClient (7.2.0 or later) to registered PC-

i. Navigate to Deployment & Installers > FortiClient Installer.
ii. Add a package with both Zero Trust Network Access and Privilege Access Management enabled on
the third tab of the wizard.

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Introduction
iii. Navigate to Deployment & Installers > Manage Deployment and apply the FortiClient installer
package to select endpoint groups.
b. Windows: Download standard FortiClient (7.2.0 or later), and enable "ZTNA" and "PAM" functions during the
installation. Full FortiPAM features are then supported.
After FortiClient registers to EMS, EMS can automatically deploy the configured FortiClient version to Windows
PC.
c. Linux and MacOS: Install FortiPAM Password Filler extension from the Chrome Web Store or follow the
FortiPAM GUI prompt. Then use web-based launchers or web launcher to access the target server.
Note: ZTNA and Native launchers are not supported on extension-only systems.
2. If EMS (7.2.0 or later) is not available:
a. Windows: After downloading and installing standalone FortiClient (7.2.0 or later) manually, most PAM features
are supported.
Note: A standalone installer contains PAM in its filename such as FortiClientPAMSetup_7.2.0.0xxx_
x64.exe.
Note: ZTNA is not supported.
b. Linux and MacOS: Install FortiPAM Password Filler extension from the Chrome Web Store or follow the
3. If FortiClient is not available (extension-only):
a. Windows: Install FortiPAM Password Filler extension from the Chrome Web Store or Microsoft Edge Add-ons.
Then use web-based launchers or web launcher to access the target server.

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Introduction
b. Linux and MacOS: Install FortiPAM Password Filler extension from the Chrome Web Store or follow the
Note: Chrome or Edge web browsers are suggested for use as there is some limitation on Firefox extension-only
deployment.
Feature availability
The following table lists FortiPAM 1.0.0 feature availability based on the type of deployment being used:
FortiPAM with FortiPAM with FortiPAM with

Feature standard standalone browser FortiPAM only
FortiClient FortiClient extension
Windows OS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Linux OS X X ✓ ✓
MacOS X X ✓ ✓
ZTNA ✓ X X X
Web-based
launchers, i.e, Web-
SSH, Web-RDP,
Web-VNC, Web-
SFTP, and Web- ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
SMB (only supports
proxy mode;
credential protected
in FortiPAM)
Proxy mode web

browsing (credential
sent to the extension ✓ ✓ ✓ X
with permission
protection)
Direct mode web

browsing (credential
sent to the extension ✓ ✓ ✓ X
with permission
protection)
Video recording ✓ ✓ ✓ X
Instant video
✓ ✓ X X
uploading

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Introduction
FortiPAM with FortiPAM with FortiPAM with

Feature standard standalone browser FortiPAM only
FortiClient FortiClient extension
Proxy mode native

launchers, i.e,
PuTTY, RDP, VNC
Viewer, Tight VNC, ✓ ✓ X X
and WinSCP
(credential protected
in FortiPAM)
Direct mode native

launchers, i.e,
PuTTY, RDP, VNC
Viewer, Tight VNC,
and WinSCP ✓ ✓ X X
(credential delivered
to FortiClient with
permission
protection)

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FortiPAM installation
This chapter provides basic setup information for getting started with your FortiPAM.
FortiPAM is a server-side machine. FortiClient is required to be installed on the client side to

use the native program on Windows.
The following virtualization environments are supported by FortiPAM 1.0.0:

l VMware ESXi/ ESX 6.5 and above
l KVM
FortiPAM supports both Linux and Windows environments.
On Windows, the user may install FortiClient which includes fortivrs as a recording daemon,
fortitcs as ZTNA daemon and a chrome extension. With FortiClient installed, the privileged
activity recording can be supported. Without it, only web mode can be supported.
See Installing FortiClient with the FortiPAM feature on page 24 and FortiPAM appliance setup on page 25.
Installing FortiClient with the FortiPAM feature
To install FortiClient:
1. Install Google Chrome web browser.

2. Install FortiClient on your endpoint system.
See the FortiClient Administration Guide on the Fortinet Docs Library.
Ensure that the ZTNA and PAM features are enabled during installation.
Ensure that no other FortiClient version is installed. If another FortiClient version has already been installed, it
should first be uninstalled before installing the FortiPAM version. See Uninstalling FortiClient.
3. Reboot the PC.
Chrome, Firefox, and Edge can automatically install FortiPAM Password Filler in addition to
fortivrs and fortitcs daemons.

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Uninstalling FortiClient
To uninstall FortiClient:
1. Disconnect the FortiClient from EMS.

2. From the System Tray, right-click FortiClient, and select shutdown FortiClient.
3. Uninstall FortiClient.
4. Reboot the PC.
FortiPAM appliance setup
Before using FortiPAM-VM, you need to install the KVM or the VMware application to host the FortiPAM-VM device. The
installation instructions for FortiPAM-VM assume you are familiar with KVM or the VMware products and terminology.
FortiPAM-VM image installation and initial setup
See Appendix A: Installation on KVM on page 277.

See Appendix B: Installation on VMware on page 280.
Once FortiPAM-VM is powered on:
1. At the login prompt, enter admin and hit Enter.
By default, there is no password, however, a password must be set before you can proceed. Enter and confirm the
new administrator password.
2. At the CLI prompt, enter show system storage to verify the disk usage type for the two added hard disks. The
output looks like the following:
Administrators need to configure a dedicated FortiPAM video disk for video recording.
Two hard disks and two virtual network interface cards need to be added to the VM in VM
manager before FortiPAM image installation.
See Appendix A: Installation on KVM on page 277.
config system storage

edit "HD1"
set status enable
set media-status enable
set order 1
set partition "LOGUSEDXDE8326F6"
set device "/dev/vda1"
set size 20023
set usage log
next
edit "HD2"
set status enable

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set order 2
set partition "PAMVIDEOB471724F"
set device "/dev/vdb1"
set size 20029
set usage video
next
end
3. Enter the following CLI commands to set up FortiPAM:
config system interface
edit "port1"
set ip 172.16.x.x/x #Depending on your network setting
set allowaccess ssh https http
set type physical
set snmp-index 1
next
edit "port2"
set ip x.x.x.x/x
set allowaccess ssh https http
set type physical
set snmp-index 2
next
end
config router static
edit 1
set gateway x.x.x.x
set device "port1"
next
end
4. FortiPAM requires license. To upload a license. See Licensing on page 30.
If the network layout is unable to resolve the correct external FortiGuard server after an external DNS server is set,
enter the following commands:
config system fortiguard
set fortiguard-anycast disable
unset update-server-location
unset sdns-server-ip
end
Optionally, enter the following commands to use the external FortiGuard server in case the FortiGuard server
cannot be correctly resolved:
config system central-management
config server-list
edit 1
set server-type update rating
set server-address <addr>
next
end
set include-default-servers disable
end
5. To improve security, disable HTTP on the physical interface:
edit "port1"
set allowaccess ssh
next
edit "port2"
set allowaccess ssh
next

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end
6. Enter the following CLI commands to configure the firewall.
The CLI commands are used to allocate a static IP address as the virtual IP address for FortiPAM. The static IP
address is used as FortiPAM GUI server IP address.
config firewall vip
edit "fortipam_vip"
set type access-proxy
set extip 172.16.xxx.xxx #use an external visible virtual IP address that can be
same as the port1 interface
set extintf "any"
set server-type https
set extport 443
set ssl-certificate "Fortinet_SSL"
next
end
7. On a web browser, go to https://172.16.xxx.xxx to access FortiPAM GUI using the virtual IP address.
To update a firmware image:
1. Enter maintenance mode. See Maintenance mode.

2. In the user dropdown on the top-right, go to System > Firmware.
The Firmware Management window opens.
3. Go to File Upload:
a. Select Browse, then locate the image.out FortiPAM firmware image on your local computer.
b. Click Open.
4. Click Confirm and Backup Config. FortiPAM then reboots and the firmware has been updated.
FortiPAM may take few minutes to reboot.
FortiPAM with TPM
FortiPAM supports TPM (Trusted Platform Module) to improve protection for secret credentials.
TPM should be enabled when you initially install FortiPAM.

If you enable TPM after secrets have been configured on FortiPAM, secret credentials may be
corrupted.
To check if the FortiPAM hardware device has TPM capability:
1. Before enabling TPM on FortiPAM, enter the following CLI command:

diagnose tpm selftest
If the output is Successfully tested. Works as expected, then TPM is installed on your FortiPAM
hardware device.

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To enable TPM on FortiPAM hardware device:
1. In the CLI console, enter the following commands:

config system global
set private-data-encryption enable
end
FortiPAM-VM with vTPM enabled
If FortiPAM is a VM instance, the vTPM (virtual TPM) package must be installed, and vTPM enabled then.
See Appendix C: Installing vTPM package on KVM and adding vTPM to FortiPAM-VM on page 285.
On FortiPAM-VM, TPM can only be enabled after enabling vTPM.
To enable vTPM on FortiPAM-VM:

set v-tpm enable
end
To enable TPM on FortiPAM-VM:
FortiPAM-VM must be in maintenance mode to change TPM settings.

config sys maintenance
set mode enable
end
set private-data-encryption enable
end
Be carefull!!!This operation will refresh all ciphered data!
Backup the current configuration file at first!
Do you want to continue? (y/n)y
Please type your private data encryption key (32 hexadecimal numbers):
0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef
Please re-enter your private data encryption key (32 hexadecimal numbers) again:
0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef
Your private data encryption key is accepted.
The key must be the same for data restoration between source FortiPAM and destination
FortiPAM.

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To disable TPM:

config sys maintenance
set mode enable
end
set private-data-encryption disable
end
Be carefull!!!This operation will refresh all ciphered data!
+Backup the current configuration file at first!
+Do you want to continue? (y/n)y
For FortiPAM-VM, vTPM should be disabled after disabling TPM.
To disable vTPM for FortiPAM-VM:

set v-tpm disable
end
This operation will stop using vTPM module
Do you want to continue? (y/n)y
Connecting to target remote systems
Requirements to connect to a target server or PC:
1. Install PuTTY using default settings. See Download PuTTY.

2. Optionally, install VNC Viewer. See Download VNC Viewer.
3. Optionally, install TightVNC. See Download TightVNC.
4. Optionally, install WinSCP for file transfer. See Download WinSCP.
5. Optionally, you can engage web browser-based SSH, RDP, or VNC remote connections in the absence of
FortiClient.

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Licensing
FortiPAM platforms work in evaluation mode until licensed.

In the evaluation mode:
1. A maximum of 2 users are allowed. One is default super admin and another user can be created.
2. You can log in to the firewall VIP using https.
3. The evaluation license expires after 15 days.
4. All the features are available. You can create secret and launch secrets for a target server.
FortiPAM configured with less than 2 CPUs and 2048 MB of RAM works in the evaluation
mode until licensed. Otherwise, a valid license is required.
Registering and downloading your license
After placing an order for FortiPAM-VM, a license registration code is sent to the email address used in the order form.
Use the license registration code provided to register the FortiPAM-VM with FortiCloud.
Upon registration, download the license file. You will need this file to activate your FortiPAM-VM. You can configure
basic network settings from the CLI to complete the deployment. Once the license file is uploaded, the CLI and GUI are
fully functional.
1. Go to FortiCloud and create a new account or log in with an existing account.
The Asset Management portal opens.
2. On the Asset Management portal, click Register Now to register FortiPAM.
3. Provide the registration code:
a. Enter a registration code.
b. Choose your end user type as either a government or non-government user.
c. Click Next.
4. The Fortinet Product Registration Agreement page displays. Select the check box to indicate that you have read,
understood, and accepted the service contract. Click Next.
5. The Verification page displays. Select the checkbox to indicate that you accept the terms. Click Confirm.
Registration is now complete and your registration summary is displayed.
6. On the Registration Complete page, download the license file (.lic) to your computer.
You will upload this license to activate the FortiPAM-VM.
Note: After registering a license, Fortinet servers can take up to 30 minutes to fully recognize the new license. When you
upload the license file to activate the FortiPAM-VM, if you get an error that the license is invalid, wait 30 minutes and try
again.

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Licensing
Upload the license file to FortiPAM-VM:
You must be in maintenance mode to be able to upload a license. See Maintenance mode in
Admin on page 12.
1. Log in to FortiPAM-VM from a browser.

Access FortiPAM by using the IP address configured on FortiPAM port1.
The Upload License File pane appears immediately after you log in.
If FortiPAM is in evaluation mode, go to Dashboard > Status, click the Virtual Machine widget, and click FortiPAM
VM License.
Use the https prefix with the FortiPAM IP address to access the FortiPAM-VM GUI.
2. In the Upload License File pane, select Upload and browse to the license file on your management computer.
3. Click OK.
4. After the boot up, the license status changes to valid.
Use the CLI command get system status to verify the license status.

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Dashboard
Dashboard
The Dashboard page displays widgets that provide performance and status information, allowing you to configure some
basic system settings. These widgets appear on a single dashboard.
When you select the vertical ellipses ( ) option next to a dashboard the following actions are available:
Edit Dashboard Select to edit the selected dashboard's name.
Delete Dashboard Select to delete the selected dashboard.
The Status dashboard cannot be deleted.
Add Menu Shortcut Select to add the selected dashboard to Menu Shortcuts.
The following widgets are displayed in the Status dashboard by default:
System Information Displays basic information about the FortiPAM system including host name, serial
number, firmware version, mode, system time, uptime, and WAN IP address.

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Dashboard
From this widget you can manually update the FortiPAM firmware to a different
release. See Uploading a firmware on page 14 and System information widget on
page 36.
You can also configure system settings using this widget. For information on
system settings, see Settings on page 182.
Licenses Displays the status of your license and FortiGuard subscriptions. See Licenses
widget on page 37.
Virtual Machine Displays license information, number of allocated vCPUs, and how much RAM
has been allocated. See VM license on page 38.
HA status Displays HA mode. See High availability on page 194.
CPU The real-time CPU usage is displayed for different time frames. Select the time
frame from the dropdown at the top of the widget. Hovering over any point on the
graph displays the average CPU usage along with a time stamp.
To see per core CPU usage, select the CPU widget and click
Show per core CPU usage.
Memory Real-time memory usage is displayed for different time frames. Select the time
frame from the dropdown at the top of the widget. Hovering over any point on the
graph displays the percentage of memory used along with a time stamp.
Proxy Sessions Displays how many proxy sessions are active. Select the time frame from the
dropdown at the top of the widget. Hovering over any point on the graph displays
the number of proxy sessions with a time stamp.
Log Rate Displays the real-time log rate. Select the time frame from the dropdown at the top
of the widget. See Log settings on page 267.
Bandwidth Displays the real-time incoming and outgoing traffic bandwidth for the selected
interface. Select the time frame from the dropdown at the top of the widget.
Hovering over any point on the graph displays the bandwidth with a time stamp.
You can add the Interface Bandwidth widget to monitor the real-time incoming and outgoing traffic bandwidth of the
selected interface over the selected time frame.
You can add the following System widgets to the Dashboard:
Administrators Information about active administrator sessions.
HA Status HA status of the device.
License Status Status of various licenses, such as FortiCare Support and IPS.
System Information General system information of the FortiPAM including hostname, serial number,
and firmware version.
Top System Events Show system events.
Virtual Machine Virtual machine license information and resource allocations.
You can add the following Resource Usage widgets to the Dashboard:

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Dashboard
CPU Usage Real-time CPU usage over the selected time frame.
Log Rate Real-time log rate over the selected time frame.
Memory Usage Real-time memory usage over the selected time frame.
Proxy Session Real-time number of proxy sessions over the selected time frame.
Adding a widget to a dashboard
To add a widget to a dashboard:
1. In a dashboard, select Add Widget.

The Add Dashboard Widget window opens.
2. Select the widget you want to add to the dashboard.

The Add Dashboard Widget - Widget Name window opens.
3. Enter the following information:
Fabric member See Fabric Member.
Interface From the dropdown, select an interface or create a new interface.

Note: The option is only available when adding the Interface Bandwidth
widget.
Note: Options in Time period and Sort by may vary depending on the widget you intend to add.
Time Period Select from the following time periods to display:

l 5 minutes
l 1 hour
l 24 hours
Visualization Select the type of chart to display.

Note: For the Top System Events widget only the Table View is available.
Sort by Sort by:

l Level
l Events
4. Click Add Widget.

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Dashboard
Widget actions
All or some of the following actions are available for a widget when you click the vertical ellipsis ( ) option for a widget:
Resize Select and then select the number of squares you want to extend the widget to.
Settings Select and then in Edit Dashboard Widget - Widget Name, specify the Fabric
Member, interface (if available), and click OK.
Select from the following options:
l Default: Uses the current fabric member.
l Specify: Select a fabric member from the FortiPAM dropdown, i.e., a

FortiPAM instance.
Choosing a specific fabric member for this widget will

override the behavior for the entire dashboard. After this is
done, the fabric member selection is on each individual
widget.
l Interface: From the dropdown, select an interface or create a new interface.
Remove Select x to remove the widget.
Select the pin ( ) icon on a widget to expand and pin hidden content.
Adding a custom dashboard
To add a custom dashboard:
1. In the menu, go to Dashboard and select +.

The Add Dashboard dialog opens.
2. In Add Dashboard, enter a name for the new dashboard.

3. Click OK.
A new dashboard with no widget is set up.
4. Use Add Widget to add new widgets to the dashboard.

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Dashboard
System information widget
The system dashboard includes a System Information widget, which displays the current status of FortiPAM and enables
you to configure basic system settings.
The following information is available on this widget:
Host Name The identifying name assigned to this FortiPAM unit. For more information, see
Changing the host name on page 36.
Serial Number The serial number of FortiPAM.
The serial number is unique to FortiPAM and does not change

with firmware upgrades. The serial number is used for
identification when connecting to the FortiGuard server.
Firmware The version and build number of the firmware installed on FortiPAM. To update
the firmware, you must download the latest version from FortiCloud.
See Uploading a firmware on page 14.
Mode The current operating mode of the FortiPAM unit.
A unit can operate in NAT mode or transparent mode.
System Time The current date and time according to the FortiPAM unit's internal clock.
For more information, see Configuring the system date, time, and time zone on
page 37.
Uptime The duration of time FortiPAM has been running since it was last started or
restarted.
WAN IP The WAN IP address and location. Additionally, if the WAN IP is blocked in the
FortiGuard server, there is a notification in the notification area, located in the
upper right-hand corner of the Dashboard. Clicking on the notification opens a
window with the relevant blocklist information.
Changing the host name
The System Information widget displays the full host name.

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Dashboard
To change the host name:
1. Go to Dashboard > Status.

2. Select the System Information widget and then click Configure settings in System > Settings.
The System Settings window opens.
3. In System Settings, update the host name in Host name.
4. Click Apply.
Configuring the system date, time, and time zone
You can either manually set the FortiPAM system date and time, or configure the FortiPAM unit to automatically keep its
system time correct by synchronizing with an NTP server.
To configure the date and time manually:

3. From the Time Zone dropdown, select a timezone.
If you want to change the date and time manually, select Manual Settings for Set Time:
a. In Date, either enter the date or select the Calendar icon and then select a date.
b. In Time, either enter the time or select the Clock icon and then select a time.
4. Click Apply to save changes.
To automatically synchronize FortiPAM unit's clock with the NTP server:

3. From the Time Zone dropdown, select a timezone.
4. In Set Time, select NTP.
5. In Select Server, either select Fortiguard or Custom.
If you select Custom, enter the Custom Server IP Address.
Custom server details must be configured in the CLI.
6. In Sync interval, enter how often, in minutes, that the device synchronizes time with the NTP server.
7. Click Apply to save changes.
Licenses widget
The Licenses widget displays the statuses of your licenses and FortiGuard subscriptions. It also allows you to update
your device’s registration status and FortiGuard definitions.

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Dashboard
Hovering over the Licenses widget displays status information for Subscription License, FortiCare Support, Firmware &
General Updates, AntiVirus, and FortiToken.
VM license
Click on the Virtual Machine widget and then select FortiPAM VM License.
The FortiPAM VM License page displays whether the license is valid or not, the allocated vCPUs, RAM, and the license
expiry date.
You must be in maintenance mode to be able to upload a license. See Maintenance mode in
Admin on page 12.
To upload a license, see Uploading a license.

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Folders
Folders are the containers of secrets. Folders help you organize customers, computers, regions, and branch offices, etc.
Before you create any secret, you should choose a folder where the secret is added.
You can organize your folders as trees. With folders, granting permissions is simplified as all the secrets in a folder share
permissions.
Each folder has different permission to different user or user group. A folder may be set to have one of the following
permission:
l View: Ability to view secrets and subfolders in a folder.
l Add: Ability to create new secrets and subfolders.
l Edit: Ability to create/edit secrets, subfolders, and the folder itself.
l Owner: The highest possible permission level with the ability to create, edit, delete, and move secrets, subfolders,
and the folder itself.
The following shows a folder with the list of available secrets:
The Folders tab contains the following options:
Current Folder Edit the current folder.
Back up Return to the parent folder.
Create From the dropdown, create a secret or a folder. See Creating a secret on page 51
and Creating a folder on page 42.
Open Open a folder. See Opening a folder on page 40.
Move Move a subfolder or a secret to a different folder. See Moving a subfolder on page
40 and Moving a secret to a different folder on page 40.
Delete Delete selected subfolders or secrets. See Delete a subfolder or a secret.
Launch Secret Launch the selected secret. See Launching a secret on page 61.

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Folders
Make Request Make a request to launch the selected secret. See Make a request on page 143.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the folders list.
To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Actions Select from the following options:

l Edit Folder
l Remove Folder
l Add Favorite
l Remove Favorite
Opening a folder
Before opening a folder, ensure that your account has sufficient permission to view folders.
To open a folder:
1. Go to Folders, and from the tree menu select a folder to open.

Alternatively, in a folder window, select Open, and then select the destination folder.
Click Open Folder.
Moving a subfolder
Before moving a subfolder, ensure that your account has sufficient permission to move
subfolders.
To move a subfolder:

2. Select the subfolder, and select Move.
The Move to dialog opens.
3. Select the destination folder from the list and then select Move Folder.
Moving a secret to a different folder
Before moving a secret, ensure that your account has sufficient permission to move secrets.

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Folders
To move a secret:

2. From the secret list, select a secret, and then select Move.
The Move to dialog opens.
3. Select the destination folder from the list and then select Move Secret.
Editing a subfolder or a secret:
Before editing a folder or a secret, ensure that your account has sufficient permission to edit
folders and secrets.
To edit a subfolder or a secret:
1. Go to Folders, and select a folder from the tree menu.
To edit the folder:

1. Select the folder from the tree menu.
2. Select Actions.
3. Select Edit Folder.
The Edit Secret Folder window opens.
4. Update the options as needed.
2. Select a subfolder or a secret, right-click and then select Edit.
The Edit Secret Folder or Edit Secret window opens.

3. Update the options as needed.
The options when editing the folder or a secret are same as when creating a folder or a
secret.
See Creating a folder on page 42 and Creating a secret on page 51.
Deleting a subfolder or a secret:
Before deleting a folder or a secret, ensure that your account has sufficient permission to
delete folders or secrets.

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Folders
To delete a subfolder or a secret:
1. Go Folders, and select a folder from the tree menu.
To delete the folder:

1. Select the folder from the tree menu.
2. Select Actions.
3. Select Remove Folder.
4. In the Confirm dialog, click OK to delete the folder.
2. Select a subfolder or a secret, right-click and then select Delete.

The Confirm dialog appears.
3. Select OK to delete the selected folder.
Adding a favorite:
To add a favorite:
1. Go to Folders, select a folder, and then select the Actions icon.

2. In Actions, select Add Favorite to add the folder to the Menu Shortcuts on top of the tree menu.
Removing a folder from favorite
To remove a folder from favorite:
1. From Menu Shortcuts, select a folder. Alternatively, select a folder in Folders.

2. Select Actions, select Remove Favorite to remove the folder from Menu Shortcuts on top of the tree menu.
Creating a folder
To create a folder:
1. Go to Folders, and select + to add a new folder.

The Create New Folder in: dialog opens.
2. Select the location for the new folder.
You can create a folder in an existing folder or select Root to create a root folder.

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Folders
3. Click Create Folder.

A new Secret Folder window opens.
Name Name of the folder.
Parent Folder From the dropdown, select a parent folder or select Create to create a new
parent folder.
The parent folder is set in step 2.
The parent folder cannot be changed for a root folder.
Use the search bar to look for a folder.
Use the pen icon next to the folder to edit it.
Inherit Policy Enable to inherit policy that applies to the parent folder.
The option is enabled by default when creating a subfolder.

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Folders
You cannot inherit policy for a root folder.
Secret Policy From the dropdown, select a policy that applies to the folder or select Create to
create a new policy.
See Creating a policy on page 86.
Use the search bar to look for a policy.
Use the pen icon next to the policy to edit it.
This option is only available when Inherit Policy is disabled.
Folder Permission
Inherit Permission Enable to inherit permission from the parent folder.
The option is enabled by default when creating a subfolder.
You cannot inherit permission for a root folder.
Note: The setting can only be disabled if you have the Owner permission.
Also, the setting cannot be disabled for any subfolder of the personal folder,
i.e., the folder generated for every user.
User Permission The level of user access to the folder and secrets in the folder. See User
Permission on page 45.
This option is only available when Inherit Permission is

disabled.
For column settings, see Tables on page 16.

Group Permission The level of user group access to the folder and secrets in the folder. See
Group Permission on page 47.

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Folders

disabled.
5. Click Submit.
User Permission
To create a user permission:
1. In step 4 when Creating a folder, select Create in User Permission when Inherit Permission is disabled.
The New User Permission window opens.

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Folders
Users Select + and from the list, select users in the Select Entries window.
Use the search bar to look up a user.
Use the pen icon next to the user to edit it.
To add a new user:
1. From the Select Entries window, select Create and then select +User
Definition.
The New User Definition wizard opens.
2. Follow the steps in Creating a user on page 102, starting step 2 to create
a new user.
Folder Permission From the dropdown, select an option:

l None: No access.
l View: Ability to view secrets and subfolders in the folder.

l Add Secret: Ability to create new secrets.
l Owner: The highest possible permission level with the ability to create,
edit, delete, and move secrets, subfolders, and the folder itself.
Secret Permission From the dropdown, select an option:

l None: No access.
l List: Ability to list secrets. You cannot see detailed information on secrets.
l View: Ability to view secret details and launch a secret.
l Edit: Ability to create/edit secrets and launch the secrets.
edit, delete, move, and launch secrets.
3. Click OK.
From the list, select a user permission and then select Edit to edit the user permission.
From the list, select user permissions and then select Delete to delete the user
permissions.

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Folders
Group Permission
To create group permission:
1. In step 4 when Creating a folder, select Create in Group Permission when Inherit Permission is disabled.
The New Group Permission window opens.
Groups Select + and from the list, select user groups in the Select Entries window.
Use the search bar to look up a user group.
Use the pen icon next to the user group to edit it.
To add a new user group:
1. From the Select Entries window, select Create.

The Create New User Group window opens.
2. Follow the steps in Creating user groups, starting step 3.
Folder Permission From the dropdown, select an option:

l None: No access.
l View: Ability to view secrets and subfolders in the folder.

l Add Secret: Ability to create new secrets.
edit, delete, and move secrets, subfolders, and the folder itself.
Secret Permission From the dropdown, select an option:

l None: No access.

edit, delete, move, and launch secrets.
3. Click OK.

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Folders
From the list, select a user group permission and then select Edit to edit the user group
permission.
From the list, select user group permissions and then select Delete to delete the user
group permissions.

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Secrets
User name and password/key of servers can be securely stored in FortiPAM as secrets. The secrets contain information
on login, credentials, and the target server IP address. The end user can use the secret to access servers.
In FortiPAM, actual credentials are protected, and FortiPAM users cannot access the credentials except in some cases
as described below. Login credentials can be changed automatically and manually for different use cases.
User names and password of domain controller can be securely stored in FortiPAM secrets.
Website user names and passwords can be securely stored in FortiPAM.

FortiPAM works with FortiClient and the browser extension to automatically fill the user name
and password when the user browses a website.
Users with the following permission can view secret passwords on the GUI:
l Owner of the secret
l Editor of the secret
Viewer of the secret cannot see the secret password on the GUI.
Components:
l Servers: the server that the end users require to access.
l FortiClient: supports privileged activity recording and ZTNA tunnel setting up in proxy mode.
l FortiPAM: back to back user agent to access the target website in proxy mode.
FortiPAM supports client and browser to launch a session to servers.
FortiPAM supports the following servers and credentials:
SSH server: Password mode and Key mode
RDP server
macOS VNC server
Linux VNC server
Integrated with Windows AD by Samba or LDAPs
Web account credentials

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Besides client mode launch for secrets, FortiPAM also supports browser mode where no client
software is required.
The following client and browser modes are supported by FortiPAM:

l Client mode: PuTTY, Windows Remote Desktop, RealVNC, TightVNC, and WinSCP etc
l Browser mode: Web SSH, Web RDP, Web VNC, Web SMB, Web SFTP and Web Account.
In Secrets, you can access the following tabs:
l Secret list on page 50
l Secret launchers on page 71
l Secret templates on page 79
l Policies on page 85
l SSH filter profiles on page 91
l Job list on page 96
Secret list
Secret List in Secrets displays a list of configured secrets.
To access any of the secrets, you require Secret List access.

No matter what permissions the secrets are provided, the secrets are not available anymore if
the access control for Secret List in the Role page is set to None. See Role on page 117.
For each secret; name, last password verification, folder, template, description, and reference are shown.
The Last Password Verification column gives an overview of the secret password status.
The Secrets List tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new secret. See Creating a secret on page 51.
Upload Select and then select Upload Secret to upload secrets using the secret upload
template file, or download the secret upload template by selecting Download
Template.
See Uploading secrets using the secret upload template on page 63.

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Edit Select to edit the selected secret.
Move Select to move the selected secret.
Delete Select to delete the selected secrets.
Clone Select to clone the selected secret.
Add favorite Select to add the selected secret to the favorite folder.
Remove favorite Select to remove the selected secret from the favorite folder.
Launch Secret Launch the selected secret. See Launching a secret on page 61.
Make Request Make request to launch or perform a job on the secret. Make a request on page
143.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the secrets list.
Not all options are available for a secret. The options depend on how the secret has been set
up, e.g., The Make Request option is only available when the secret has Requires Approval to
Launch Secret enabled.
Creating a secret
To create a secret:
1. Go to Secrets > Secret List.

Alternatively, go to Folders, and select a folder where you intend to add a secret.
From the Create dropdown, select Secret, and skip to step 3.
2. In Secret List, select Create.
The Create New Secret in: dialog appears.
3. Select the folder where you intend to add the secret.
The folder is already selected if you are creating secret from inside a folder.
4. Select Create Secret.

The General pane opens.

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5. To switch to either Service Setting or Secret Permission tab, select the tab.
Name Name of the secret.
Folder The folder where the secret is added. See Folders on page 39.
The folder is already selected in step 2. Use the dropdown, if

you want to change the folder.
Template From the dropdown, select a template.

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Select Create to create a new template. See Creating secret templates on

page 80.
To change the template after selecting one:

1. Select the pen icon.
2. In the Convert Secret Template pane, select a template
to transfer old field values to new fields where
applicable.
3. Click OK.
Associated Secret Enable and then from the dropdown, select an associated secret for the new
secret being created.
When enabled, changing password or verifying password requires credentials
from the associated secret.
Note: The option is disabled by default.
Description Optionally, enter a description.
Fields Select a field in the table and then select edit to add a value.
The options in the fields depend on the selected template.
For fields where a host is required when using the FortiPAM

browser extension, enter the URL instead.
Secret Settings
Some settings may not be configurable as they are protected by the policy that applies to
the folder where the secret is added.
The owner of the secret must configure password verification and change settings
before the secret utilizes the password changer and password verification. However, a
user can manually trigger these actions if they have sufficient permissions.
Automatic Password Enable/disable automatic password changing.

Changing When enabled, password changer for secrets is activated to periodically
change the password.
Recursive Displays the password changing schedule based on your selections for the
related settings.
Start Time The date and time when the recurring schedule begins.
Enter date (MM/DD/YYYY) and time or select the Calendar icon and then
select a date and time.

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Recurrence From the dropdown, select from the following three frequencies of recurrence:
l Daily
l Weekly
l Monthly
Repeat every The number of days/weeks/months after which the password is changed (1-
400).
Occurs on Select from the following days of the month when the password is
automatically changed:
l First
l Second
l Third
l Last
l Last Day
l Day
When you select Day, select + to add days of the month when the password is
automatically changed.
Select days of the week when the password is automatically changed.
Note: The option is only available when Recurrence is set as Weekly or
Monthly.
Automatic Password Enable/disable automatic password verification.
Verification When enabled, password changer for secrets is activated to periodically verify
the password, and check if the target server is still available.
Interval (min) The time interval at which the secret passwords are tested for accuracy, in
minutes (default = 60, 5 - 44640).
Start Time The date and time when the Interval(min) begins.
Session Recording Enable/disable session recording.
When enabled, user action performed on the secret is recorded.
The video file is available in the log for users with appropriate
permission.
Proxy Mode Enable/disable the proxy mode.

When enabled, FortiPAM is responsible to proxy the connection from the user
to the secret.
In the proxy mode:
l Web launcher is available to users who have the permission to view the
secret password.
l Web launcher is disabled for users who do not have the permission to
view the secret password.

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When disabled, the non-proxy (direct) mode is used. See Modes of operation
on page 18.
In the non-proxy mode:
l Web launcher is available to users who have the permission to view the
secret password.
l Web launcher is disabled for users who do not have the permission to
view the secret password.
When launchers are disabled, the Launch option is

unavailable and a tooltip is displayed instead:
Tunnel Encryption Enable/disable tunnel encryption.

When launching a native launcher, FortiClient creates a tunnel between the
endpoint and FortiPAM. The protocol stack is HTTP/TLS/TCP.
The HTTP request gives information on the target server then FortiPAM
connects to the target server. After that, two protocol options exist for the
tunnel between FortiClient and FortiPAM. One is to clear the TLS layer for
better throughput and performance. The other is to keep the TLS layer. The
launcher's protocol traffic is inside the TLS secure tunnel.
If the launcher's protocol is not secure, like VNC, it is strongly recommended to
enable this option so that the traffic is in a secure tunnel.
When there is an HTTPS Man In The Middle device, e.g.,

FortiGate or FortiWeb between FortiClient and FortiPAM,
you must enable the Tunnel Encryption option. Otherwise,
the connection will be disconnected, and the launching will
fail.
Antivirus Scan Enable/disable antivirus scan.

When enabled, it enforces an antivirus profile on the secret. See AntiVirus on
page 245.
Antivirus Profile From the dropdown, select an antivirus profile.
Requires Checkout Enable/disable requiring checkout.
When enabled, a user has exclusive access to a secret for a limited time.
At a given time, only one user can check out a secret. Other
approved users must wait for the secret to be checked in or
wait for the checkout duration to lapse before accessing the
secret.
See Check out and check in a secret on page 62.

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Checkout Duration The checkout duration, in minutes (default = 30, 3 - 120).

Checkin Password Change Enable/disable automatically changing the password when the user checks in.
Renew Checkout Enable/disable renewing checkouts.
Max Renew Count When Renew Checkout is enabled, enter the maximum number of renewals
allowed for the user with exclusive access to the secret (default = 1, 1 - 5).
Requires Approval to Launch Enable/disable requiring approval to launch a secret.
Secret When enabled, users are forced to request permission from the approvers
defined in the approval profile before gaining access. From the dropdown,
select an approval profile.
Use the search bar to look up an approval profile.
Use the pen icon next to the approval profile to edit it.
See Make a request on page 143 and Approval flow on page 147.
Requires Approval to When enabled, users are forced to request permission from the approvers
Launch Job defined in approval profile before being able to perform a job on a secret.
From the dropdown, select an approval profile.
Service Settings
Turn on/off the service settings.
You can individually toggle on or off each service, controlling whether or not FortiPAM is
allowed to use the specific service to connect to the secret.
The port used by each service specified in the template can also be overridden to use a
custom port specific to the secret.
SSH Service Enable/disable SSH service.

Note: SSH Filter, RSA Sign Algorithm, and Connect over SSH with, and SSH
Auto-Password options are only available when Template is already selected.

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Port Use the template default port or disable and enter a port number.
SSH Filter Enable/disable using an SSH filter profile. See SSH filter profiles on page 91.
SSH Filter Profile From the dropdown, select an SSH filter profile.
Note: The option is only available when SSH Filter is enabled.
Use the search bar to look up an SSH filter profile.
RSA Sign Algorithm To improve compatibility with different SSH servers, select a sign in algorithm
for RSA-based public key authentication:
l RSA SHA-256 signing algorithm
l RSA SHA-512 signing algorithm

l RSA SHA-1 signing algorithm (default)
Connect over SSH with If the setting is set to Self (default), the secret launches SSH with its own
username and password.
If the setting is set to Associated Secret, the secret launches SSH with the
associated secret's username and password.
SSH Auto-Password Enable or disable automatically delivering passwords to the server when the
user enters privileged commands (e.g., sudo in Unix system and enable in
Cisco devices) in the SSH shell terminal.
For secrets using Cisco server info template, an associated secret must be set
to enable this feature.
Note: The option only works when Proxy Mode is enabled.
RDP Service Enable/disable RDP service.
Note: Block RDP Clipboard, RDP Security Level, RDP Restricted Admin
Mode, and Keyboard Layout options are available only when Template is
already selected.
Block RDP Clipboard Enable/disable allowing users to copy/paste from the secret launcher.
RDP Security Level Select a security level when establishing a RDP connection to the secret:
l Best Effort (default): If the server supports NLA, FortiPAM uses NLA to
authenticate. Otherwise, FortiPAM conducts standard RDP

authentication with the server through RDP over TLS.
l NLA: Network Level Authentication (CredSSP).
When an RDP launcher is launched, FortiPAM is forced to use CredSSP
(NLA) to authenticate with the target server.
l RDP: FortiPAM uses the standard RDP encryption provided by the RDP
protocol without using TLS (Web-RDP only).
l TLS: RDP over TLS.
FortiPAM uses secured connection with encryption protocol TLS to
connect with the target server.

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RDP Restricted Admin Enable/disable RDP restricted admin mode.

Mode Restricted admin mode prevents the transmission of reusable credentials to
the remote system to which you connect using remote desktop. This prevents
your credentials from being harvested during the initial connection process if
the remote server has been compromised.
Note: The option is only available when RDP Security Level is set as Best
Effort or NLA.
Keyboard Layout From the dropdown, select a keyboard layout (default = English, United
States)
VNC Service Enable/disable VNC service.
LDAPS Service Enable/disable LDAPS service.
SAMBA Service Enable/disable SAMBA service.
Secret Permission
By default, secret permission is the same as the folder where they are located.
When customizing secret permission, ensure that you log in with an account with Owner or
Edit permission to the secret or the folder where the secret is located.
Launch Device Control Enable to limit the permission of launching by ztna-ems-tag.

You can choose whether to match all the tags or only one of them.
Device Tags Select + to add ZTNA tags or groups.
Use the search bar to look up a ZTNA tag or ZTNA tag

group.
Only permitted devices with the selected tags are allowed to launch.
Device Match Logic Define the match logic for the device tags:
l OR: Devices with any of the selected tags are allowed to launch.
l AND: Devices must acquire all the selected tags to launch.

Inherit Permission Enable to inherit permissions that apply to the folder where the secret is
located.

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The option is enabled by default.
User Permission The level of user access to the secret. See User Permission on page 59.

disabled.

Group Permission The level of user group access to the secrets. See Group Permission on page
60.

disabled.
7. Click Submit.
See Launching a secret on page 61 and Example secret configurations example on page 68.
User Permission
1. In step 5 when Creating a secret, select Create in User Permission.

The New User Permission window opens.

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Users Select + and from the list, select users in the Select Entries window.
To add a new user:
1. From the Select Entries window, select Create and then select +User
Definition.
a new user.
Use the pen icon next to a user to edit it.
Permission From the dropdown, select an option:

l None: No access.
edit, delete, and launch secrets.
3. Click OK.
From the list, select a user and then select Edit to edit the user.
From the list, select users and then select Delete to delete the users.
Group Permission
1. In step 5 when Creating a secret, select Create in Group Permission.

The New Group Permission window opens.

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Groups Select + and from the list, select user groups in the Select Entries window.

Use the pen icon next to a user group to edit it.
Permission From the dropdown, select an option:

l None: No access.
edit, delete, and launch secrets.
3. Click OK.
From the list, select a user group and then select Edit to edit the user group.
From the list, select user groups and then select Delete to delete the user groups.
Launching a secret
To launch a secret:

2. In the Secrets List, double-click a secret to open.
Alternatively, in Folders, go to the folder where the secret is located, and double-click the secret to open.
If the secret does not show up, it may be because you do not have the necessary
permission to access the secret or the folder where the secret is located.
3. Click Launch Secret.

The Launch Progress window opens.

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4. From the list, select a launcher, and select Launch.
Chrome, Edge and Firefox have extensions to support video recording for browser based
launchers.
AWS does not work with Web SSH.
When using file launchers, the following two security features can be enabled in a secret:
Note: Examples of a file launcher include WinSCP, Web SMB, and Web SFTP.
a. By assigning an antivirus profile to a secret, the user can be protected from downloading viruses and the server
can be protected from virus being uploaded. See the Antivirus Scan option in Creating a policy on page 86 and
Creating a secret on page 51. Also, see AntiVirus on page 245.
b. By assigning a DLP sensor to a secret, the server can be protected from sensitive information being uploaded
and downloaded from the server. See Data loss prevention (DLP) protection for secrets on page 248.
5. After the session is finished, close the launcher.
Blocklist and allowlist for RDP target IP address restriction
When launching a secret with the Windows Domain Account template, you can input any IP address as the target secret.
Blocklist and allowlist can help you to improve security by allowing preconfigured IP addresses.
This feature is only available on the CLI.
config secret database

edit <Secret ID>
set address-blacklist <address>
...
config secret database
edit <Secret ID>
set address-whitelist <address>
...
Notes:
l If address-blacklist is set, all IP addresses except those in <address> are blocked. All other IP addresses
are allowed.
l If address-whitelist is set, IP addresses in <address> are allowed. All other IP addresses are blocked.
Check out and check in a secret
Checking out a secret gives you exclusive access to the secret for a limited time.
Checking in a secret allows other approved users to access the secret.

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To check out a secret:

2. In Secrets List, double-click a secret to open.
3. On the top-right, click Check-out Secret to check out the secret.
If the Check-out Secret button does not show up, it may be because another user has
checked out the secret. At a given time, only one user can check out a secret. Other
approved users must wait for the secret to be checked in or wait for the checkout duration
to lapse before accessing the secret.
See Requires Checkout option when Creating a secret on page 51.
To check in a secret:

2. In Secrets List, double-click a secret to open.
3. On the top-right, click Check-in Secret to check in the secret.
Other approved users can now access the secret.
Uploading secrets using the secret upload template
On the Secret List page, the uploading secrets feature provides a convenient and faster way to import multiple secrets to
FortiPAM at once. You first download the secret upload file template from FortiPAM, input secret-related information
such as Secret Template, Target Address, Account Name, and Account Password into the file, and then import the file to
FortiPAM. All the secrets in the file are added to FortiPAM automatically.
To upload secrets using the secret upload template:
1. Go to Secrets > Secret List and select Upload.

The Secret Upload dialog opens.
2. Select Download Template to download the secret upload template.

The secret upload template is downloaded on your computer. The file is named FPAM_secret_upload.
The secret upload template currently includes the following features:
l Checks template completion when you quit; a warning appears if the template is incomplete.
l Highlights fields that need to be filled in.
l Checks the target address syntax. Currently supports IPv4 addresses and FQDN only.
3. Upon opening the FPAM_secret_upload file for the first time, enable editing and content for Macros.

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4. From the Secret Template column, select a supported template.
Windows Domain Account, Unix Account (SSH Password), and Windows Machine secret
templates are supported.
5. Fill in the fields highlighted in yellow.

6. Save the file as .xlsx(Excel workbook) or a .csv(Comma delimited) file on your computer.
7. In the Secret Upload dialog, select Upload Secret, locate the secret upload template file you created and click Open.
Once the secret upload template file is successfully uploaded, All secrets in the file have been uploaded message
displays.
8. Click Close.
Any failed rows will be displayed in Secret Upload, and detailed information can be downloaded by clicking
Download Entries.
Change password
FortiPAM allows you to manually change the password in a secret.
You can only manually change the passwords every 30 seconds.
You can also set up a secret to automatically change the password by enabling Automatic
Password Changing when creating or editing a secret.
See Automatic password changing on page 162.
To change the password:
1. Go to Secret > Secret List.

2. In Secret List, select a secret, and select Edit.
Alternatively, go to Folders, and select the folder where the secret is located, and double-click the secret.
The Edit Secret window opens.

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3. From the top, select Change Password to change the password.

4. In Generate next password, select from the following two options:
l Randomly: automatically change the password.
l Customized: enter a new password manually.
Note: The Customized option may be disabled if the secret template does not use password for authentication.
To be able to successfully change the password manually, the password must follow
password requirements set in Password policies on page 152.
5. If the password changer failed to change the password last time, it reuses the previously attempted password if it
has not been reset.
In Reuse attempted password, select Yes to reuse the last attempted password that failed or select No to generate
a new password.
If you selected No in Reuse attempted password, select Randomly to generate a new password automatically or
select Customized to enter the password manually.
6. Click OK.
Once the password has changed, Password Changer Status shows the date and time when the password was
changed and its status.

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When using a password changer on Windows AD by LDAPs, it is required to enable both

Change password and Reset password for the user on Windows AD.
Credential History
FortiPAM retains any previous credentials that have been used by the secret before. These credentials appear in the
Credential History tab in the secret page. If the last password change failed, FortiPAM retains the last credential that was
tried. You can use the credential history to restore the secret password if the credential on the remote server and
FortiPAM are out of sync.
When editing a secret, go to the Credential History tab to see a history of changes made to the password.
To view previous credentials:


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3. Go to the Credential History tab.

4. To view the last credential used from a failed password change, click View Last Credential to show the
password/private key in clear text.
To view the credentials that have previously been successful, click the entry row to view and then click View to show
the password/private key in clear text.
To clear the last credential used in a failed password change, click Clear Last Credential. The last credential used is
removed from the credential history.
To restore password using credential history:

3. Go to the Credential History tab.
4. To use the last credential from a failed password change, click Verify Password.
If the password change is successful, a message shows up asking if you want to restore the credential. Click Yes to
restore the credential.
To use a previous entry, click the entry row to use and click Verify Password. A message appears if the password
change is successful.
To configure Windows to allow FortiPAM to change its local user password by SAMBA:
1. On Windows, open Local Security Policy.

2. Go to Local Policies > Security Options > Network access: Restrict clients allowed to make remote calls to SAM.
3. Right-click Network access: Restrict clients allowed to make remote calls to SAM and select Properties.
4. Select Edit Security....
5. Add users to Group or user names: in the Security Settings for Remote Access to SAM window.
6. Click OK.
7. Click OK.
Verify password
On FortiPAM, you can verify the password in a secret manually to check its accuracy, and confirm if the target server is
reachable.
You can only manually verify passwords every 5 seconds.
You can also set up a secret to automatically verify the password by enabling Automatic
Password Verification when creating or editing a secret.
See Automatic password verification on page 163.

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To verify the password:

3. From the top, select Verify Password.

Once the password has been verified, Password Verification Status shows the date and time when the password
was verified and its status.
Example secret configurations - example
To configure an SSH password:

The New Secret window opens.
5. Enter a secret name.
6. In the Template dropdown, select Unix Account (SSH Password) default template.
7. In Fields, enter information for the following fields by double-clicking fields:
a. Host
b. Username
c. Password
8. Click Submit.

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To configure an SSH key:
1. Repeat steps 1 to 4 as shown in Configuring an SSH password.

3. In the Template dropdown, select Unix Account (SSH Key) default template.
a. Host
b. Username
c. Public-key and Private-key:
Select from the following three options:
l Upload a key file by selecting File Upload and then clicking Upload to locate and upload the key file from
your computer.
l Select Text Upload and enter the public key in the space below.
l Select Auto Generated and then select a type of encryption algorithm (RSA, DSA, ECDSA, and ED25519)
and number of Bits to use in the auto-generated key-pair.
When ED25519 is selected as the encryption algorithm, Bits are not required.
Using the auto-generated key-pair clears out any existing key-pair.
d. Passphrase, if any
5. Ensure that proxy is enabled in the Secret Setting pane.
An SSH key can only be launched when the secret has Enable Proxy checked.
6. Click Submit.
If using an AWS-VM, ensure that RSA Sign Algorithm is set to RSA SHA-256 signing algorithm in the Service
Setting tab.
To configure a Windows AD-LDAP secret:

3. In the Template dropdown, select Windows Domain Account default template.
a. Domain-Controller
b. Domain
c. Username
d. Password
5. Click Submit.

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To configure Windows Samba secret:

3. In the Template dropdown, select Windows Domain Account(Samba).
a. Domain-Controller
b. Domain
c. Username
d. Password
5. Click Submit.
To configure a Cisco secret:

3. In the Template dropdown, select Cisco User (SSH Secret).
a. Host
b. Username
c. Password
5. Click Submit.
If the password change feature needs to be used, then one more secret needs to be created for the Cisco enable
command:
a. Repeat steps 1 and 2.
b. In the Template dropdown, select Cisco Enable Secret.
c. In Fields, enter information for the following fields by double-clicking fields:
i. Host
ii. Password
d. Click Submit.
6. Go to the Service Setting tab for the Cisco secret that was earlier created (steps 1 - 5).
7. Optionally, enable SSH Auto-Password.
8. Go to the General tab, and ensure that Associated Secret is enabled.
9. In the Associated Secret dropdown, select the Cisco enable secret.
10. Click Save.
To configure an AWS web account secret:

3. In the Template dropdown, select AWS Web Account.
a. URL
b. Username
c. Password

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d. AccountID: Used for IAM accounts.

For AWS root accounts, the field remains empty. Otherwise, the web extension treats the secret as an IAM
account secret impacting the login process.
5. Click Submit.
Secret launchers
Secret launchers allow users to remotely gain access to a target without the need to know, view, or copy the passwords
stored in FortiPAM.
A secret launcher stores an executable and the parameters needed to start a connection to a
target.
In proxy mode, browsing triggers ZTNA tunnel between the FortiClient and FortiPAM server.
The FortiPAM chrome extension may have compatibility issues for some specific login pages
and cannot fill in the user name and password.
For each secret launcher; name, type, executable, parameter, and references are displayed.
The following default launchers are available in FortiPAM:

l PuTTY: A basic SSH client using PuTTY.
l Remote Desktop- Windows: A basic RDP client using remote desktop.
l TightVNC: A basic VNC client using TightVNC.
The TightVNC client does not support connecting to a macOS server in non-proxy mode.
l VNC Viewer: A basic VNC client using VNC Viewer.

l Web Launcher: A basic web launcher using Fortinet’s FortiClient web extension.
l Web RDP: A basic browser based RDP launcher.
l Web SFTP: A basic browser based SFTP web launcher.
l Web SMB: A basic browser based SMB web launcher.
l Web SSH: A basic browser based SSH web launcher.

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l Web VNC: A basic browser based VNC web launcher.

l WinSCP: A basic WinSCP client using SSH.
l FortiClient Web extension FortiClient Web Launcher
l RDP over Web RDP over Web Launcher
l SSH over Web SSH over Web Launcher
l VNC over Web VNC over Web Launcher
l SMB over Web SMB over Web Launcher
l SFTP over Web SFTP over Web Launcher
The following launchers should not be used for customized launcher:

l FortiClient Web extension FortiClient Web Launcher
l RDP over Web RDP over Web Launcher
l SSH over Web SSH over Web Launcher

l VNC over Web VNC over Web Launcher
l SMB over Web SMB over Web Launcher
l SFTP over Web SFTP over Web Launcher
These launchers will be removed in a future FortiPAM version.
Chrome, Edge, and Firefox are the supported browsers.
The default launchers cannot be edited.
Web SSH, Web RDP, Web VNC, Web SFTP, and Web SMB default launchers always work in
proxy mode irrespective of the Proxy Mode setting.
PuTTY and WinSCP launchers are not supported when the secret is in non-proxy mode, and
the secret uses an SSH key for authentication.
TightVNC launcher is not supported when the secret is in non-proxy mode and requires a
username for authentication.
In proxy mode, the following launchers are available to all users:

l Web SSH
l Web RDP
l Web VNC
l Web SFTP
l Web SMB
l Web Launcher

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l PuTTY
l WinSCP
l RDP
l VNC Viewer
l TightVNC
In non-proxy mode, the following launchers are available to all users:
l Web SSH (always in proxy mode)
l Web RDP (always in proxy mode)
l Web VNC (always in proxy mode)
l Web SFTP (always in proxy mode)
l Web SMB (always in proxy mode)
In non-proxy mode, the following launchers are only available to users with the permission to view secret password:
l PuTTY
l WinSCP
l RDP
l VNC Viewer
l TightVNC
In proxy and non-proxy mode:

l Web launcher is available to users who have the permission to view the secret.
l Web launcher is disabled for users who do not have the permission to view the secret.
The Secret Launchers tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new launcher.Creating a launcher on page 73.
Edit Select to edit the selected launcher.
Delete Select to delete the selected launchers.
Clone Select to clone the selected launcher.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the launchers list.
Creating a launcher
To create a launcher:
1. Go to Secrets > Secret Launchers.

2. In the secret launchers list, select Create to create a new secret launcher.

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3. The New Secret Launcher window opens.
Name The name of the launcher.
Type From the dropdown, select a type:

l Other client: Other client launcher type.
l Remote desktop: RDP client launcher type.

l SSH client: SSH client launcher type.
l VNC: VNC client launcher type.
Executable The program file name, e.g., putty.exe for an SSH client.
Ensure that the program path is already added to the

environment variable path in Windows before launching the
secret.
An absolute path is also supported. Use the escape

character (\) when using an absolute path, e.g.:
C:\\Users\\user1\\Documents\\putty.exe
C:\\Users\\user1\\Documents\\New
folder\\putty.exe
Parameter The command line parameters from the Available Variables list.
Valid field variables are:
l $DOMAIN
l $HOST
l $USER
l $PASSWORD
l $VNCPASSWORD

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$VNCPASSWORD is filled with the obfuscated password

sometimes used by VNC when saving the password to a
file.
l $PASSPHRASE
$PASSPHRASE refers to the passphrase of SSH keys.
l $PUB_KEY
l $PRI_KEY
l $URL
l $PORT
$PORT is filled in using the port value assigned to the

launcher in the template.
l $TMPFILE
$TMPFILE is filled in with the path to a temporary file,

generally for use with launchers that require loading
config files (when launching with non-proxy mode).
User input variables are:

l $TARGET
The $TARGET user input variable can replace the $HOST

field variable. This allows you to specify the 'target' at the
launch time rather than having it hard coded in secret
itself.
- Example
For putty.exe as the Executable, -|$USER -pw $PASSWORD $HOST are
the parameters.
For putty.exe as the Executable for SSH execution, -l $USER -pw
$PASSWORD $HOST -m C:\\Users\\user1\\Desktop\\cmd.txt
or
-l $USER -pw $PASSWORD $HOST -m \"C:\\Program
Files\\cmd.txt\" are the parameters.
For the full path of a file, use the escape character double
backslash (\\) for the -m parameter.

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Note:
When there is no space in the path, double quotes are not necessary:
-l $USER -pw $PASSWORD $HOST -m
C:\\Users\\user1\\Desktop\\cmd.txt
When there is space in the path, double quotes must be used with backslash:
-l $USER -pw $PASSWORD $HOST -m \"C:\\Program
Files\\cmd.txt\"
Initial Commands
Configure initializing the environment. See Creating a new launcher command on page 76.
Clean Commands
Configure cleaning the environment. See Creating a new launcher command on page 76.
5. Click Submit.
Non-proxy environment
When using launchers with non-proxy mode, launchers may require the environment to be initialized beforehand. You
may specify this with init-commands and clean-commands.
Note: Init-commands and clean-commands only run in the non-proxy mode.
Creating a new launcher command
To create a new launcher command:
1. In step 3 when Creating a secret launcher, select Create in the Initial Commands or Clean Commands pane.
The New Launcher Command window opens.
2. In Command, enter the command.
Enter $ to get the list of valid variables.
3. Click OK.
l Select the command from the list and then select Edit to edit it.
l Select command(s) from the list and then select Delete to delete them.
You can create launchers to be used as file launchers for SSH clients, SMB over the Web,
SFTP over the Web, and other types of launchers.

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Creating launchers via the CLI - Example

config secret launcher
edit "Example Windows RDP"
set exe "mstsc.exe"
set para "/V:$TARGET:$PORT /noConsentPrompt"
set type rdp
config init-commands
edit 1
set cmd "cmdkey /generic:$TARGET /user:$USER /pass:$PASSWORD"
next
end
config clean-commands
edit 1
set cmd "cmdkey /del:$TARGET"
next
end
next
end
Example secret configurations with launchers - example
To configure a secret with Web SSH launcher:

The New Secret window opens.
5. Enter a name for the secret.
6. In the Template dropdown, select from the following templates if the templates meet your requirements else see
Creating secret templates on page 80 to create a new template:
Note: Ensure that the template uses Web SSH as its launcher.
a. Unix Account (SSH Password)
b. Unix Account (SSH Key)
c. FortiProduct (SSH Password)
Unix Account (SSH Password), Unix Account (SSH Key), and FortiProduct(SSH
Password) secret templates are preconfigured with Web SSH launcher.
7. In Fields, enter information by double-clicking individual fields, entering the required information, and clicking OK.
8. Click Submit.
9. In the secret list, select the newly created secret, and select Launch Secret.
10. In Launch Progress, select Web SSH, and then select Launch.

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To configure a secret with Web RDP launcher:
1. Repeat steps 1 to 5 from Configuring a secret with Web SSH launcher to create a new secret.
2. In the Template dropdown, select from the following templates if the templates meet your requirements else see
Creating secret templates on page 80 to create a new template:
a. Windows Domain Account
b. Windows Domain Account(Samba)
Note: Ensure that the template uses Web RDP as its launcher.
Windows Domain Account and Windows Domain Account(Samba) secret templates

are preconfigured with Web RDP launcher.
3. Repeat steps 7 to 9 from Configuring a secret with Web SSH launcher.

4. In Launch Progress, select Web RDP, and then select Launch.
To configure a secret with Web VNC launcher:
1. Repeat steps 1 to 5 from Configuring a secret with Web SSH launcher to create a new secret.
2. In the Template dropdown, select the Machine template if the template meet your requirements else see Creating
secret templates on page 80 to create a new template.
Note: Ensure that the template uses Web VNC as its launcher.
The Machine secret template is preconfigured with Web VNC launcher.
Alternatively, in the CLI console, enter the following commands to create a new template with Web VNC launcher:
config secret template
edit <name> #name of the template
config field
edit <name> #name of the field
set type username
set mandatory enable #the field is mandatory
next
edit <name>
set type password
set mandatory enable
next
end
config launcher
edit <id>
set launcher-name "Web VNC" #Web VNC set as the secret launcher
set port 5900 #default value
next
end
From the Template dropdown, select the template you created using the CLI.
3. Repeat steps 7 to 9 from Configuring a secret with Web SSH launcher.
Ensure that Automatic Password Changing is disabled.
4. In Launch Progress, select Web VNC, and then select Launch.

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Secret templates
Secret Templates in Secrets displays a list of customizable and default templates.

The secrets used in FortiPAM are based on templates. The secret templates are customizable so as to meet your
requirements.
Secret templates allow configuring the fields a secret requires, as well as the types of launchers that are allowed for the
secrets. A password changer can also be configured to automatically change a secret's passwords. See Password
changers on page 155.
FortiPAM provides the following default templates:
AWS Web Account Basic template for an AWS account.
Cisco Enable Secret Basic template for Cisco enabled secret account.
Cisco User (SSH Secret) Basic template for Cisco SSH account.
FortiProduct (SSH Password) Basic template for a FortiProduct SSH Password account.
FortiProduct (SSH Key) Basic template for a FortiProduct SSH Key account.
Machine Basic template for a general machine, with all default launchers.
Unix Account (SSH Key) Basic template for a Unix SSH Key account.
Unix Account (SSH Password) Basic template for a Unix SSH Password account.
Unix Account (Web CIFS) Basic template for a Unix Web Samba account.
Unix OpenLDAP Account Basic template for an Open LDAP account.
Web Account Basic template for a Web account.
Windows Domain Account Basic template for a Windows Domain account.
Windows Domain Account Basic template for a Samba Windows Domain account.
(Samba)
Windows Machine Basics template for a Windows machine.
Default templates cannot be modified.
For each template; name, fields, launcher, password changer, server info, description, and references are displayed.

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The secret templates list contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new template. See Creating secret templates on page 80.
Edit Select to edit the selected template.
Delete Select to delete the selected templates.
Clone Select to clone the selected templates.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the secret
templates list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Creating secret templates
To create a secret template:
1. Go to Secrets > Secret Templates.

2. In the secret templates list, select Create.
The New Secret Template window opens.

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Name Name of the template.
Server The general type of server to which the template is intended to connect:
Information l Cisco
l Like Unix
l Default
Fields Secrets require fields to enter the secret related information.

To add new fields, select Create and then enter the following information, and click OK:
Field Name The name of the field.
Type From the dropdown, select a field type:

l Domain: A domain field.
l Passphrase: A passphrase fields.

l Password: A password field.
l Private-Key: A private-key field.
l Public-Key: A public-key field.
l Target-Address: A target address field.
l Text: A text field.
l URL: A URL field.
l Username: A username field.
Mandatory Enable to make this field mandatory or disable if this field will be
optional.

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From the list, select a field and then select Edit to edit the field.
From the list, select fields and then select Delete to delete the fields.
Launcher Launcher helps you access a target server. See Secret launchers on page 71.
A launcher allows you to log in to a website or device without you needing to know the
credentials.
To add a new launcher, select Create and then enter the following information, and click OK:
Launcher Name From the dropdown, select a launcher.
Use the search bar to look up a launcher.
Use the pen icon to edit a custom launcher.
To create a new launcher, in the dropdown, select Create.

Enter the following information and click OK:
Name The name of the launcher.
Type From the dropdown, select a launcher type:

l Other client: Other client launcher type.
l Remote desktop: RDP client launcher

type.
l SSH client: SSH client launcher type.
l VNC: VNC client launcher type.
Executable The program file name, e.g., putty.exe for

an SSH client.
Ensure that the program path is

already added to the environment
variable path in Windows before
launching the secret.
Note:
An absolute path is also supported. Use the
escape character (\) when using an absolute
path, e.g.:
C:\\Users\\user1\\Documents\\putt
y.exe

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C:\\Users\\user1\\Documents\\New
folder\\putty.exe
Parameter The command line parameters:

l $DOMAIN
l $TARGET
l $HOST
l $USER
l $PASSWORD
l $VNCPASSWORD
l $PASSPHRASE
l $PUB_KEY
l $PRI_KEY
l $URL
l $PORT
l $TMPFILE
- Example
For putty.exe as the Executable, -|$USER
-pw $PASSWORD $HOST are the parameters.
For putty.exe as the Executable for SSH
execution, -l $USER -pw $PASSWORD
$HOST -m
or
\"C:\\Program Files\\cmd.txt\" are
the parameters.
For the full path of a file, use the

escape character double
backslash (\\) for the -m
parameter.
Note:
When there is no space in the path, double
quotes are not necessary:
When there is space in the path, double
quotes must be used with backslash:
\"C:\\Program Files\\cmd.txt\"

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Initial Configure initializing the environment. See

Commands Creating a new launcher command.
Clean Configure cleaning the environment. See

Commands Creating a new launcher command.
Launcher Port The launcher port number.
The port number will be mapped to the launcher

variable `$PORT`.
The minimum allowed value is 1.
From the list, select a launcher and then select Edit to edit the launcher.
From the list, select launchers and then select Delete to delete the
launchers.
Password Changer
A password changer can be configured for a custom secret template to change the password of a secret
periodically and to check the health of a secret periodically.
Note: The option is enabled by default.
Password From the dropdown, select the password changer that will be used for this template or create a
Changer new password changer. See Creating a password changer on page 156.
Use the search for to look up a password changer.
Use the pen icon next to a password changer to edit it.
Port The port used for the password changer (default = 22).
Password The password policy to use in the password changer.
Policy From the dropdown, select a password policy or create a new password policy. See Creating a
password policy on page 153.
Use the search for to look up a password policy.

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Use the pen icon next to a password policy to edit it.
Max Number The maximum number of retries allowed after which the connection fails (default = 10).
of Retries
Verify After When enabled, whenever secrets with the template conducts a password change, a verification
Password of the newly changed password is ran.
Change Note: The option is enabled by default.
4. Click OK.
Policies
A secret policy aims to establish guidelines for handling and to protect sensitive information, such as passwords, secret
attributes, and personal data. The secret policy helps organizations maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability
of sensitive information and to minimize the risk of data breaches.
Policies in Secrets displays a list of secret policies.
Secret policies controls the settings related to a secret. A policy is assigned to a folder when the folder is created.
Secrets in a folder follow the rules set in the policy associated with the folder.
A policy allows you to set the following attributes by default for a secret:
l Automatic Password Changing
l Automatic Password Verification
l Enable Session Recording
l Enable Proxy
l Tunnel Encryption
l Requires Checkout
l Requires Approval to Launch Secret
l Requires Approval to Launch Job
l Block RDP Clipboard
l SSH Filter
l Antivirus Scan
l RDP Security Level
The Policies tab looks like the following:
The Policies list contains the following options:

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Create Select to create a policy. See Creating a policy on page 86.
Edit Select to edit the selected policies.
Delete Select to delete the selected policies.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the policies list.
Creating a policy
To create a policy:
1. Go to Secrets > Policies.

2. In Policies, select Create.
The New Secret Policy window opens.
Name Name of the policy.
Automatic Password Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

Changing When enabled, password changer for secrets is activated to periodically
change the password.
Recursive Displays the password changing schedule based on your selections for the
related settings.
Start Time The date and time when the Change Interval (min) begins.
l Daily
l Weekly
l Monthly

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Repeat every The number of days/weeks/months after which the password is changed (1-
400).
Occurs on Select from the following days of the month when the password is
automatically changed:
l First
l Second
l Third
l Last
l Last Day
l Day
When you select Day, select + to add days of the month when the password is
automatically changed.
Monthly.
Editable in Secret Enable/disable users from customizing the password change schedule in the
secret.
Automatic Password Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

Verification When enabled, password changer for secrets is activated to periodically verify
the password.
Verification Interval (min) The time interval at which the secrets are tested for accuracy, in minutes
(default = 60, 5 - 44640).
Start Time The date and time when the Interval(min) begins.
Editable in Secret When enabled, you can customize the password verification schedule in the
secret.
Session Recording Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

When enabled, user action performed on the secret is recorded.
The video file is available in the log for users with appropriate
permission.
Proxy Mode Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

When enabled, FortiPAM is responsible to proxy the connection from the user
to the secret.
When disabled, the non-proxy (direct) mode is used. See Modes of operation
on page 18.
Tunnel Encryption Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

When launching a native launcher, FortiClient creates a tunnel between the
endpoint and FortiPAM. The protocol stack is HTTP/TLS/TCP.

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The HTTP request gives information on the target server then FortiPAM
connects to the target server. After that, two protocol options exist for the
tunnel between FortiClient and FortiPAM. One is to clear the TLS layer for
better throughput and performance. The other is to keep the TLS layer. The
launcher's protocol traffic is inside the TLS secure tunnel.
If the launcher's protocol is not secure, like VNC, it is strongly recommended to
enable this option so that the traffic is in a secure tunnel.
When there is an HTTPS Man In The Middle device, e.g.,

FortiGate or FortiWeb between FortiClient and FortiPAM,
you must enable the Tunnel Encryption option. Otherwise,
the connection will be disconnected, and the launching will
fail.
When set to Not Set, secrets using the policy can have the option set as either
Enable or Disable.
When the option is enabled or disabled, all the secrets using this policy have
the same setting for this option as set in the policy.
Requires Checkout Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

When enabled, users are forced to check out the secret before gaining access.
At a given time, only one user can check out a secret. Other
approved users must wait for the secret to be checked in or
wait for the checkout duration to lapse before accessing the
secret.

Checkout duration The checkout duration, in minutes (default = 30, 3 - 120).
Checkin Password Change Enable/disable automatically changing the password when the user checks in.
Renew Checkout Enable/disable renewing checkouts.
Max Renew Count When Renew Checkout is enabled, enter the maximum number of renewals
allowed for the user with exclusive access to the secret (default = 1, 1 - 5).
Requires Approval to Launch Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

Secret When enabled, users are forced to request permission from the approvers
defined in the approval profile before gaining access.
Requires Approval to Launch When enabled, users are forced to request permission from the approvers
Job defined in approval profile before being able to perform a job on a secret.
Approval Profile From the dropdown, select an approval profile, or select Create to create a
new approval profile. See Approval profile on page 147.

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Block RDP Clipboard Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

When enabled, user is unable to copy/paste from the secret launcher.
SSH Filter Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.

When enabled, commands defined in the SSH profile to be executed on the
secret are blocked.
SSH Filter Profile From the dropdown, select an SSH filter profile.
Antivirus Scan Select Enable, Disable, or Not Set.
When enabled, it enforces an antivirus profile on the secret. See AntiVirus on
page 245.
Antivirus Profile From the dropdown, select an antivirus profile.
RDP Security Level Select a security level when establishing a RDP connection to the secret:
l Best Effort: If the server supports NLA, FortiPAM uses NLA to
authenticate. Otherwise, FortiPAM conducts standard RDP

authentication with the server through RDP over TLS.
l NLA: Network Level Authentication (CredSSP).
When an RDP launcher is launched, FortiPAM is forced to use CredSSP
(NLA) to authenticate with the target server.
l Not Set
l RDP: FortiPAM uses the standard RDP encryption provided by the RDP
protocol without using TLS (Web-RDP only).
l TLS: RDP over TLS.
FortiPAM uses secured connection with encryption protocol TLS to
connect with the target server.
RDP Restricted Admin Mode Enable/disable RDP restricted admin mode.
Restricted admin mode prevents the transmission of reusable credentials to
the remote system to which you connect using remote desktop. This prevents
your credentials from being harvested during the initial connection process if
the remote server has been compromised.
Note: The option is only available when RDP Security Level is set as Best
Effort or NLA.

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Settings set as Enable or Disable cannot be changed on the secret.

Settings set as Not Set can be customized in the secret.
For example - example:
While setting up a policy:
l If Automatic Password Changing is enabled, then the secrets in the folder where the
policy applies has Automatic Password Changing enabled as well.

l If Automatic Password Changing is not set, then the secrets in the folder where the
policy applies can have Automatic Password Changing set as either Enable or
Disable.
4. Click Submit.
See Applying a policy to a folder on page 90.
Applying a policy to a folder
To apply a policy to a folder:
1. Go to the folder in Folder.

2. Either select Current Folder to edit the folder and skip to step 6, or from the Create dropdown, select Folder.
When creating a new folder, the Create New Folder in: dialog appears.
3. Select a location for the folder and then select Create Folder.
4. Enter the name of the folder.
5. From the Parent Folder dropdown, select a folder.
6. Enable Inherit Policy, so that the folder follows the parent folder policy.
You cannot inherit policy for a root folder.
If Inherit Policy is disabled, from the Secret Policy dropdown, select a policy profile.
Select Create to create a new secret policy. See Creating a policy on page 86.
Use the search bar to look up a policy.
Use the pen icon next to a policy to edit it.
7. Click Submit.

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SSH filter profiles
SSH Filter Profiles tab in Secrets displays a list of SSH filter profiles.
A filter can be created to prevent certain commands from running on an SSH terminal.
For each SSH profile; name, block, log, default command log, extra shell commands, and reference are displayed.
The SSH Filter Profiles tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new SSH filter profile. See Creating an SSH filter on page 91.
Edit Select to edit the selected SSH filter profile.
Delete Select to delete the selected SSH filter profiles.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the SSH filter
profiles list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Creating an SSH filter
To create an SSH filter profile:
1. Go to Secrets > SSH Filter Profiles.

2. In SSH Filter Profiles, select Create.
The New SSH Filter Profile window opens.

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Name Name of the SSH filter.
Shell Commands
Shell commands can be created to block a command in the SSH terminal.
See Creating Shell Commands.
Select a shell command from the list and then select Edit to edit the command.
When editing a shell command the options are same as when creating one.
Select shell commands from the list then select Delete to delete the commands.
Default Command Log Enable/disable logging unmatched shell commands.

Note: The option is disabled by default
Other Channels
Use this tab for advanced settings.
Note: Settings in the tab require setting up a custom launcher.
Block Channel Select from the SSH blocking options (multiple options may be selected):
l X11: X server forwarding
l SSH execution
l Port forwarding
l Tunnel forwarding
l SFTP
l SCP
l Unknown channel: Unknown channel (any channel other than the six
listed here and the shell channel.)
Log Activity SSH logging options.
These are log activities related to selected channels regardless of the blocking
status (multiple options may be selected):
l X11: X server forwarding
l SSH execution
l Port forwarding
l Tunnel forwarding
l SFTP
l SCP
l Unknown channel
4. Click Submit.

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To create a shell command:
1. In the New SSH Filter Profile window, select Create in the Shell Commands pane.
2. In the New Shell Command window, enter the following information:
Type Select the matching type:

l Regex: Match command line using regular expression.
Choosing the option blocks any command matching Regex in Pattern.

l Simple: Match single command (default). Choosing the option matches
any command fitting the one in Pattern.
Pattern SSH shell command pattern.

For example:
l When the Type is Regex, pattern .* stands for all the commands and
pattern sh.* stands for all the commands beginning with sh including
show and shutdown.
l When the Type is Simple, pattern rm stands for the rm command on
Linux, e.g., 'rm -rf /*', 'rm test.py'.
Action Action to take for URL filter matches:

l Allow: Allow the SSH shell command on the target server.
l Block: Block the SSH shell command on the target server (default).
For example when the Type is Regex, the Pattern is conf.*, and the Action is
Block. This blocks all the configuration actions on the target server.
Log Enable/disable logging.

When enabled, the action logs are available in Log & Report > SSH.
Alert Enable/disable alert.

When enabled, the alert message is sent based on the configurations in Log &
Report > Email Alert Settings.
Severity The severity of the actions reported in Log & Report > SSH and alert
messages:
l Critical
l High
l Medium
l Low (default)
3. Click OK.

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Adding SSH filter to secret
To add SSH filter to a secret:

3. In Service Setting tab, ensure that SSH Service is enabled.

4. Enable SSH Filter and then select an SSH filter profile from the SSH Filter Profile dropdown.
5. Click Save.
Example SSH filter profiles - example
To configure an SSH filter profile that only allows show command on the target server (FortiGate or
Cisco routers):

3. Enter a name for the SSH filter profile. In this example, the SSH filter profile is named show only.
4. In Shell Commands, select Create:
a. In Type, select Regex.
b. In Pattern, enter show.*.
c. In Action, select Allow.
d. In Log, select Enable.
e. In Alert, select Disable.
f. In Severity, select Low.
g. Click OK.
5. In Shell Commands, select Create again:
a. In Type, select Regex.
b. In Pattern, enter .*.
c. In Action, select Block.
e. In Alert, select Enable.
f. In Severity, select Medium.
g. Click OK.

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6. Click Submit.
To configure an SSH filter profile that blocks rm and sudo commands on the target Linux server:

3. Enter a name for the SSH filter profile. In this example, the SSH filter profile is named block rm+sudo.
4. In Shell Commands, select Create:
a. In Type, select Simple.
b. In Pattern, enter rm.
f. In Severity, select Critical.
g. Click OK.
5. In Shell Commands, select Create again:
a. In Type, select Simple.
b. In Pattern, enter sudo.
f. In Severity, select Critical.
g. Click OK.
6. Click Submit.

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Job list
Go to Secrets > Job List to create jobs.

A job is an automated task that executes the predefined script at a scheduled time. It could be a one-time or recursive
event.
Jobs in FortiPAM allow you to run scripts. Optionally, you can set up a recurring schedule for this script.
For each job; name, secret, type, schedule type, and approval status are displayed.
Jobs are not executed when FortiPAM is in maintenance mode.
The Job List tab contains the following options:
+Create Select to create a job. See Creating a job on page 96.
Edit Select to edit the selected job.
Delete Select to delete the selected jobs.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the jobs list. To
narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Creating a job
To create a job:
1. Go to Secrets > Job List.

2. Select +Create.
The New Job window opens.
Name Name of the job.

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Requester From the dropdown, select a requester.
Type From the dropdown, select from the following two options:
l SSH Script: targeting secrets that work on linux-like machines (default).
l SSH Procedure: targeting secrets that run on SSH server, e.g., FortiGate,
Cisco, or Ubuntu.
Status Enable/disable the execution of the job (default = disable).
Secret From the dropdown, select a secret or create a new secret.
Use the search bar to look for a secret.
Use the pen icon next to a secret to edit it.
Associated Secret Enable and then from the dropdown, select an associated secret or create a
new secret.
When enabled, changing password or verifying password requires credentials
from the associated secret.
Use the search bar to look for a secret.
Use the pen icon next to a secret to edit it.
Recursive Enable to set up a recurring schedule.

Displays the job execution schedule based on your selections for the related
settings.
Start Time The date and time when recurring schedule begins.
l Daily
l Weekly
l Monthly
Note: The option is only available when Recursive is enabled.

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Repeat every The number of days/weeks/months after which the job is executed (1- 400).
Note: The option is only available when Recursive is enabled.
Occurs on Select from the following days of the month when the job is automatically
executed:
l First
l Second
l Third
l Last
l Last Day
l Day
Select days of the week when the job is automatically executed.
When you select Day, select + to add days of the month when the job is
automatically executed.
Monthly.
Script Enter the script.
4. Click Submit.
When editing a job, select the Make Request option from the top to make a request to perform
a job on the secret associated with the job. See Make a request on page 143.
When editing a job, select the Log tabs to see logs related to the job. See Log & report on page
258.
Fort a script job type, you can check the result on the Edit Job page after the job is executed.

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Monitoring
Go to Monitoring to access the following tabs:

l User monitor on page 99
l Active sessions on page 99
User monitor
The User Monitor tab in Monitoring displays all the logged-in users along with information such as their role, logged-in IP
address, the duration they have logged in for, traffic volume, and the timestamp of when they logged in. It is a helpful tool
for monitoring the overall activities of the users on FortiPAM. For example, if the administrator sees an unusual amount
of traffic from a specific user. It could indicate that a risky operation is being performed, and the administrator may
deauthenticate the user if the administrator deems the user is a malicious actor.
For every login; username, IP address, duration, traffic volume, and the last login date and time are displayed.
The User Monitor tab contains the following options:
Deauthenticate Select to deauthenticate the selected users.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the user monitor
list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Refresh To refresh the contents, click the refresh icon.
Active sessions
The Active Sessions tab in Monitoring provides a way to oversee activities of launched secrets from FortiPAM. The page
lists out all the launched secrets with information such as source IP: Port, destination IP: Port, the application that is
launched and username, etc. Additionally, an End Session(s) button is available if the administrator wishes to terminate
any of the launched secrets. This monitor is especially powerful in situations where there is malicious activity being
conducted by a user because the administrator will be able to terminate the session right away with the End Session(s)
button to protect the integrity of the secret.
On the top, the following widgets are displayed:
l Secret Name: displays the total count of the secrets being used.
l Username: displays the total count of the users using secrets.
For every session, the following columns are displayed:

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Monitoring
l Session ID
l Source
l Source Port
l Destination
l Destination Port
l Application
l Account Name
l Secret Name
l Duration (sec)
l Expires (sec)
The Active Sessions tab contains the following options:
End Session(s) Select to terminate the selected sessions.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the active
sessions list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Group by Select to group the active sessions by either username or secret.

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User management
In User Management, you can access the following tabs:

l User definition on page 101
l User groups on page 113
l Role on page 117
l LDAP servers on page 127
l SAML Single Sign-On (SSO) on page 130
l RADIUS servers on page 134
l Schedule on page 136
l FortiTokens on page 139
User definition
User Definition in User Management displays a list of FortiPAM users listed by their role types.
For each user; name, status, schedule, IPv4 trusted hosts, role, type, and references are shown.
The user definitions list contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new user. See Creating a user on page 102.
Edit Select to edit the selected user account.
Delete Select to delete the selected user account or accounts.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the user
definition list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.

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To enable/disable a user:
1. Hover over the Status column for a user and select the pen icon.
2. From the dropdown, select either Enable or Disable.

3. Click Apply.
Creating a user
By default, FortiPAM has a default user with the username admin and no password.
When you go into the system for the first time, you must set a password for this account.
Additional users can be added later.
To create a user:
1. Go to User Management > User Definition, and select Create

The New User Definition wizard is launched.
2. Enter the following information, and click Next after each tab:
Configure Role
Choose a User Role type Select from the following user role types:
l Guest User
l Standard User
l Power User
l Administrator
For Administrator, select from one of the available administrator roles from the
Choose an Administrator Role dropdown.

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The administrator role decides what the administrator can

see. Depending on the nature of the administrator work,
access level, or seniority, you can allow them to view and
configure as much or as little as required.
Use the search bar to look for an administrator role.
For information on the user types and their roles, see Users in FortiPAM on
page 106 and Role on page 117.
Configure Type
Choose a User type Select a user type:
l Local User
To change the local user password, see Admin on page

12.
l API User
l Remote User: Select the option if you want to enable login for one remote
user in a remote group, and assign the user the remote user type for the
FortiPAM session.
For Remote User, select a remote group where the user is found. See User
groups on page 113.
Use the search bar to look for a remote group.
For information on the user types, see Users in FortiPAM on page 106.
Configure User Details

Username The username.
Do not use < > ( ) # " '` characters in the username.
Password The password.

Note: This option is only available when the user type is local.
Confirm Password Enter the password again to confirm.
Note: This option is only available when the user type is local.
Status Enable/disable user login to FortiPAM.

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User management
Note: The option is not available when the user type is an API user.
Email address The email address.
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the user.
Two Factor Authentication

Enable/disable using two-factor authentication.
Note: Two factor authentication is disabled by default.
Note: Two factor authentication is not available for an API user.
You can also set up Two Factor Authentication using CLI. See Two Factor Authentication using CLI.
Authentication Type Specify the type of user authentication used:
l FortiToken
l FortiToken Cloud. See 2FA with FortiToken Cloud example on page 106.
l Email based two-factor authentication (default)
Token From the dropdown, select a token. This option is mandatory.
Note: This option is only available when FortiToken is the Authentication Type.
Send Activation Code Enable/disable sending activation codes.
Note: This option is only available when FortiToken Cloud is the
Authentication Type.
Email address The email address.
Note: This option is mandatory.
The email address is synched from the email address added

in the Configure User Details pane.
Configure Trusted Hosts

IPv4 Trusted Hosts Trusted IPv4 addresses users use to connect to FortiPAM.
Use + button to add a new IPv4 address and x to delete an

added IPv4 address.
Configure the schedule for Enable/disable configuring the login schedule for the users.
which the user can connect From the dropdown, select a schedule. See Schedule on page 136.
to the FortiPAM
Note: This option is disabled by default.
3. In the Review tab, verify the information you entered and click Submit to create the user.
Use the pen icon to edit tabs.

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Alternatively, use the CLI commands to create users.
To regenerate the API key:
1. Go to User Management > User Definition.

2. Select the API user whose API key you intend to change and then select Edit.
3. In the Details pane, select Re-generate API Key.
4. In the Re-generate API Key window, select Generate.
Regenerating the API key will immediately revoke access for any API consumers using the
current key.
A new API key for the API user is generated.

5. Click Close.
CLI configuration to set up a local user - example:
config system admin

edit <user_name>
set accprofile <role_name>
set password <password>
next
end
CLI configuration to set up a remote LDAP user - example:
config system admin

edit <ldap_username>
set remote-auth enable
set accprofile <profname>
set remote-group <ldap_group_name>
next
end
CLI configuration to set up a remote RADIUS user - example:
config system admin

edit <radius_username>
set remote-auth enable
set accprofile <profname>
set remote-group <radius_group_name>
next
end
CLI configuration to enable two-factor authentication - example:
config system admin

edit <username>
set password "myPassword"

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set two-factor <fortitoken | fortitoken-cloud | email>

set fortitoken <serial_number>
set email-to "username@example.com"
next
end
Users in FortiPAM
The following user types are available:

l Local User: Information configured and stored on the FortiPAM.
l API User: Accesses FortiPAM by using a token via REST API instead of the GUI.
l Remote User: Information configured and stored on a remote server.
FortiPAM users can have one of the following role types:
l Guest User: For demonstration purposes only. Guest users can only view secrets and have restricted access to
FortiPAM features.
l Standard User: Logs in, makes requests for resources, and connect to the privileged resources.
The standard user role is for basic use only. A standard user is not allowed to configure or manage access to
privileged resources, e.g., a user that connects to the workstation.
l Power User: For managing general secret settings, e.g., a power user can change who approves secrets,
commands blocked on the target server, etc.
l Administrator: Staff administrators used for configuring FortiPAM, and managing access to privileged resources,
e.g., an IT staff member managing the access of standard users or approving requests.
l
For Administrator, administrator roles are available. See Role on page 117.
See Creating a user on page 102.
2FA with FortiToken Cloud - example
To configure a user with FortiToken Cloud as the authentication type:
1. Go to User Management > User Definition, and select Create.

2. In Choose a User Role type, select Administrator, and from the Choose an Administrator Role dropdown, select
Super Administrator.

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3. Click Next.
4. In Choose a User type, select either Local User or Remote User.
In this example, Local User is selected.
For Remote User, select a remote group where the user is found. See User groups on
page 113.
5. Click Next.
6. In Configure User Detail:
a. In Username, enter a name.
b. In Password, enter a password.
c. In Confirm Password, reenter password to confirm.
d. In Status, enable logging in to FortiPAM.

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e. In Email address, enter an email address.
7. Click Next.
8. Enable Two Factor Authentication, and:
a. In Authentication Type, select FortiToken Cloud.
b. Enable Send Activation Code.
c. In Email address, enter the email address where the activation code for FortiToken Cloud is sent.
d. Click Next.
9. Click Next.
11. From the user dropdown on the top-right, select Logout.
12. On the login screen, enter the username and password for the user you just created, and select Continue.
13. On the token screen, enter the token from your FortiToken Mobile and select Continue to log in to FortiPAM, or
approve the push login request that appears on your mobile phone to log in to FortiPAM.
CLI configuration to set up a user with FortiToken Cloud as the authentication type - example:
config system admin

edit "token"
set accprofile "super_admin" #administrator role
set two-factor fortitoken-cloud

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next
end
CLI configuration to set up an interface for FortiPAM - example:

edit "port1"
set ip 192.168.1.99 255.255.255.0
set allowaccess https ssh http
set type physical
set snmp-index 1
next
end
CLI configuration to set up a virtual IP address for FortiPAM - example:
config firewall vip

edit "fortipam_vip"
set uuid 858a44ac-f359-51ec-e7ec-717ef0afbf4d
set extip 192.168.1.109 #VIP and the interface IP address are different.
set extintf "any"
set extport 443
next
end
2FA with FortiToken - example
To configure a user with FortiToken as the authentication type:
1. Go to User Management > User Definition, and select Create.

2. In Choose a User Role type, select Administrator, and from the Choose an Administrator Role dropdown, select
Super Administrator.
3. Click Next.

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4. In Choose a User type, select either Local User or Remote User.

In this example, Local User is selected.
For Remote User, select a remote group where the user is found. See User groups on
page 113.
5. Click Next.
6. In Configure User Detail:
a. In Username, enter a name.
b. In Password, enter a password.
c. In Confirm Password, reenter password to confirm.
d. In Status, enable logging in to FortiPAM.
e. In Email address, enter an email address.
7. Click Next.
8. Enable Two Factor Authentication, and:
a. In Authentication Type, select FortiToken.
b. From the Token dropdown, select a FortiToken.

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User management
c. In Email address, enter the user email address.
d. Click Next.
9. Click Next.
11. Go to User Management > FortiTokens, select the token used in step 8 from the list and then click Provision.
An email notification is sent to the user. This is the email address configured in step 8.
12. To enable FortiToken push notification:
a. Go to Network > Interfaces and double-click port1.
b. In Administrative Access, select FTM.
c. In the CLI console, enter the following commands:
config system ftm-push
set server-cert "Fortinet_Factory"
set server x.x.x.x #IP address of the FortiPAM interface
set status enable
end
13. From the user dropdown on the top-right, select Logout.
14. On the login screen, enter the username and password for the user you just created, and select Continue.
15. On the token screen, enter the token from your FortiToken Mobile and select Continue to log in to FortiPAM, or
approve the push login request that appears on your mobile phone to log in to FortiPAM. See Setting up FortiToken
Mobile on page 112.
CLI configuration to set up a user with FortiToken as the authentication type - example:
config system admin

edit "token"
set accprofile "super_admin" #administrator role
set two-factor fortitoken
set fortitoken "FTKMOB29B10062D4"
next
end

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User management
Setting up FortiToken Mobile
To set up FortiToken Mobile:
1. In the App Store, look for FortiToken Mobile and install the application.
2. After your system administrator assigns a token to you, you will receive a notification with an activation code and an
activation expiration date by which you must activate your token. For more information on Token Activation, see
FortiToken Mobile User Guide.
3. Open the FortiToken Mobile application and click + icon on the top-right to add a token.
4. There are two ways to add a token to the FortiToken Mobile application:
a. Scan QR code: If your device supports QR code recognition, select + in the FortiToken Mobile home screen
and point your device camera at the QR code attached to the activation email.

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b. Enter Manually:
i. Select + and then select Enter Manually from the bottom.
ii. Select Fortinet and enter Name and Key.
Key is the activation key from your activation email notification and must be entered
exactly as it appears in the activation message, either by typing or copying and
pasting.
iii. Click Done.

FortiToken Mobile communicates with the secure provisioning server to activate your token. The token is
now displayed in the token list view.
5. Click the eye icon to retrieve the token to be used in step 15 when configuring 2FA with FortiToken.
Alternatively, if approving the push login request in step 15 when configuring 2FA with FortiToken, click Approve in
Login Request.
User groups
User Groups in User Management displays a list of user groups.
User groups can contain references to individual users or references to groups defined on an existing LDAP server.
Users can be assigned to groups during user account configuration, or by creating or editing the groups to add users to
it.
The User Groups tab contains the following options:

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User management
Create Select to create a new user group.
Edit Select to edit the selected user group.
Delete Select to delete the selected user groups.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the user groups
To create a new user group:
1. Go to User Management > User Groups.

2. Select Create to create a new user group.

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User management
Name Name of the group.
Type Select the type of the group:

l Remote
l Local User
Members Select + to add existing members to the user group from the list and select
Close, or select Create to create a new user.
See Creating a user on page 102.
Use the search bar to look for a user.
Remote Groups By adding a remote server to the user group, the group will contain all user
accounts on that server.
Optionally, a specific user group on the remote server can be included to
restrict the scope to that group.
See Creating Remote Groups.
Note: This pane is available only when the Type is Remote.
Select remote groups from the list and select Delete to delet
e the remote groups.
Select a remote group from the list and select Edit to edit the
remote group.
4. Click OK.
To create a new remote group:
1. In the Create New User Group window, select Create in Remote Groups.
The Remote Groups pane is only available when the Type is Remote.
The Add Group Match window opens.

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2. In Remote Server dropdown, select LDAP, RADIUS, and SAML servers:

a. If an LDAP server is selected, from the remote users list, select the remote users to import.
At least one LDAP server must be already configured. See LDAP servers on page 127.
Hold ctrl and click to select multiple users.

You can filter your search by Group, or enter a custom filter and select Apply.
Enable Show entries in subtree to list remote users in the subtree.
LDAP filters consist of one or more clauses which can be combined with logical
AND/OR operators.
Filter syntax differs depending on the LDAP server software.
See the following examples - examples:
l Users with given name starting with the letter "h":
(&(objectClass=person)(givenName=h*))
l All groups:
(&(objectClass=posixGroup)(cn=*))
b. Optionally, if a RADIUS server is selected, select +, and enter group names in Groups.
At least one RADIUS server must be already configured. See RADIUS servers on page
134.
c. Optionally, if a SAML server is selected, select +, and enter group names in Groups.
At least one SAML server must be already configured.
3. Click OK to save changes to group match.
Alternatively, use the CLI commands to create a user group.
CLI configuration to set up an LDAP user group - example:
config user group

edit <ldap_group_name>

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User management
set member <ldap_server_name>

config match
edit 1
set server-name <ldap_server_name>
set group-name "cn=User,dc=XYA, dc=COM"
next
end
next
end
CLI configuration to set up a RADIUS user group - example:
config user group

edit <radius_group_name>
set member <radius_server_name>
next
end
Role
Roles or access profiles define what a user can do when logged into FortiPAM.
When a new user is created, it must have a specific role. See Creating a user on page 102.
When you create a standard user, a default normal user role is assigned to the new user
automatically.
When setting up an administrator, administrator roles can be selected from the Choose an
Adminstrator Role dropdown. See Creating a user on page 102.
The administrator role decides what the administrator can see.
Go to Roles in User Management to see a list of configured roles.
There are five default roles:
Default roles cannot be edited.

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User management
l Default Administrator: Read/write access same as a super administrator, but no access to maintenance mode and
glass breaking.
l Guest User: For demonstration purposes only. Guest users can only view secrets and have restricted access to
FortiPAM features.
l Power User: For managing general secret settings, e.g., a power user can change who approves secrets,
commands blocked on the target server, etc.
l Standard User: Logs in, makes requests for resources, and connect to the privileged resources.
Users with Standard User role do not have the privilege to manage FortiPAM devices.
l Super Administrator: Privilege to manage and monitor the FortiPAM device.

Users with Super Administrator role also include privilege of secret server.
l The Roles tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new role.
Edit Select to edit the selected role.
Delete Select to delete the selected roles.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the roles list.
To create a role:
1. Go to User Management > Role, and select Create.

The Secret tab in the New User Role window opens.
Pages and features are organized and separated into different access controls.
There are two types of access controls:

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l Radio: Provides None, Read, and Read/Write access.

l Switch: Enable/disable a feature.
For each feature, select from the following access levels:
l None
l Read: View access.
Note: When an administrator has only read access to a feature, the administrator can access the GUI page and
can use the get and show CLI command for that feature, but cannot make changes to the configuration.
l Read/Write: View, change, and execute access.
Name The name of the role.
Comment Optionally, enter comments about the role.
Secret
Select None, Read, or Read/Write to set access level globally for all the secret features.
Secret List Set the access level for Secret list page.
It also controls whether pages: Secret Templates, Policies and Launchers can
be viewed.
Secret Folder Set the access level for Folders.
Note: You can restrict the corresponding folder and secret permissions under
a specific secret.
Root Folder Permission to create folders in Root.
Note: The Secret Folder must be set to at least Read permission to enable
accessing the root folder.
SSH Filter Profile Set the access level for SSH Filter Profiles page.
Job List Set the access level for Jobs List page.
Approval Request Set the access level for My Request and Request Review page in Approval
Request.
Approval Profile Set the access level for Approval Profile page in Approval Flow.
Password Changer Set the access level for Password Changers page in Password Changing.
Password Character Set Set the access level for Character Sets page in Password Changing.
Password Policy Set the access level for Password Policies page in Password Changing.
Create Personal Folder Enable/disable creating a personal folder right after the user is created.
Note: The Secret Folder permission must be Read/Write.
Edit Secret Templates Enable/disable editing the Secret Templates page.
Edit Secret Policies Enable/disable editing the Policies page.
Edit Secret Launchers Enable/disable editing the Secret Launchers page.
View Encrypted Secret Enable/disable viewing the secret password, passphrase, and ssh-key.
Information

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Note: Secret List must be set to Read/Write permission to view the encrypted
secret information.
Permit File Transfer Enable/disable permitting file transfer.
3. Select the User Management tab.

The User Management tab opens.
User Management
Select None, Read, or Read/Write to set access level globally for all the user management features.
Administrator Users Set the access level for the User Definition page in User Management and the
Backup page in System.
User Groups Set the access level for User Groups page in User Management.
Note: Ldap Servers, Saml Single Sign-On, and Radius Servers must be set to
at least Read permission to access User Groups.
Role Set the access level for Role page in User Management.
Ldap Servers Set the access level for Ldap Servers page in User Management.
Note: Scheme & Rules must be set to at least Read permission to access
LDAP servers.
Saml Single Sign-On Set the access level for Saml Single Sign-On page in User Management.
Note: Addresses and Scheme & Rules must be set to at least Read
permission to access SAML servers.
Radius Servers Set the access level for Radius Servers page in User Management.
Note: Scheme & Rules must be set to at least Read permission to access
RADIUS servers.
Schedule Set the access level for Schedule page in User Management.
Authentication
Select None, Read, or Read/Write to set access level globally for all the authentication features.

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Addresses Set the access level for Addresses page in Authentication.

Schemes & Rules Set the access level for Scheme & Rules page in Authentication.
Note: This requires the Write permission to User Groups, Ldap Servers, Saml
Single Sign-On, and Radius Servers.
ZTNA Set the access level for ZTNA page in System.
Note: This requires the same permission as Schedule and Addresses.
- Examples
l If all required permissions are Read/ Write, the ZTNA can only be either
None or Read/Write.
l If Schedule is set to Read and the rest is set to Read/Write, ZTNA can
only be None.
Allow CLI Access Enable/disable CLI access.
Note: The Administrator Users must be set to Write permission to have CLI
access.
Allow CLI Diagnostic Enable/disable access to diagnostic CLI commands.
Commands Note: System Configuration must be set to Write permission to manage
system certificates.
The role must have Allow CLI Access enabled to access the
diagnostic commands.
Allow Firmware Upgrade & Enable/disable permission to use firmware upgrades and configuration
Backups backup features.
5. Select the System & Network tab.

The System & Network tab opens.

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System
Select None, Read, or Read/Write to set access level globally for all the system features.
Configuration Set the access level for:
l DNS Settings in Network.
l SNMP, Settings, and HA pages in System.

l VM License uploading; System Reboot, and Shutdown settings.
l Configuration Revisions and Scripts.
FortiGuard Updates Set the access level for FortiGuard page from Dashboard.
The System Configuration is set to Write to have access to the FortiGuard
page.
Email Alert/Log Settings Set the access level for Email Alert Settings and Log Settings in Log & Report.
Note:
l The Fabric and System Configuration is set to Write to have full access to

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the Log Settings page.

l The View Reports access needs to be enabled to have settings, Local
Reports and Historical FortiView in the Log Settings page.
Network
Select None, Read, or Read/Write to set access level globally for all the network features.
Configuration Set the access level for Interfaces page in Network.
Packet Capture Set the access level for Packet Capture page in Network.
Static Routes Set the access level for Static Routes page in Network.
Fabric Set the access level for FortiAnalyzer Logging card on the Fabric Connectors
page in Security Fabric.
Endpoint Control Set the access level for FortiClient EMS card on the Fabric Connectors page in
Security Fabric and ZTNA Tags in System > ZTNA.
Manage System Certificates Enable/disable accessing the Certificates page in System.
Note: System Configuration must have the Write permission.
7. Select the Admin Settings tab.

The Admin Settings tab opens.

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Access FortiPAM GUI Enable/disable accessing FortiPAM GUI.
Enter Glass Breaking Mode Enable/disable glass breaking mode.

Note: The glass breaking mode gives you access to all secrets in the system.
Set Maintenance Mode Enable/disable maintenance mode.

Note: Suspend all critical processes to allow maintenance related activities.
View Logs Enable/disable viewing Events, Secrets, ZTNA, and SSH logs in Log & Report.
View Reports Enable/disable viewing Reports in Log & Report.
View Secret Launching Video Enable/disable viewing playback videos in Secret Video.
Note: View Logs must be enabled since the secret videos are available in Log
& Report > Secret page.
Override Idle Timeout

Enable to override the idle timeout.

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Never Timeout Enable to never timeout.

Offline Set the time after which the user with the role goes offline, in minutes (1 - 480,
default = 10).
9. Click OK.
Alternatively, you can also use the CLI to create roles.
CLI configuration to set up a user role - example:
config system accprofile

edit "Default Administrator"
set secfabgrp read-write
set ftviewgrp read-write
set authgrp read-write
set sysgrp read-write
set netgrp read-write
set loggrp read-write
set fwgrp read-write
set vpngrp read-write
set utmgrp read-write
set wanoptgrp read-write
set secretgrp read-write
set cli enable
set system-diagnostics enable
next
edit "pam_standard_user"
set secfabgrp read
set ftviewgrp read
set authgrp read
set secretgrp custom
set system-diagnostics disable
config secretgrp-permission
set launcher read
set pwd-changer read
set template read-write
set secret-policy read
set request read-write
set folder-table read-write
set secret-table read-write
set create-personal-folder read-write
end
next
Access control options
When creating or editing a role, select Definitions to see access control definitions.

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Access Control Definition
Secrets
Secret List It controls access to the Secret list page.
It also controls whether pages: Secret Templates, Policies and Launchers can be
viewed.
Secret Folder Controls the access to Folders.
Note: You can restrict the corresponding folder and secret permissions under a
specific folder and secret.
Root Folder Permission to create folders in Root.
SSH Filter Profile Access to the SSH Filter Profiles page.
Job List Access to the Job List page.
Approval Request Access to the My Request and Request Review page in Approval Request.
Approval Profile Access to the Approval Profile page in Approval Flow.
Password Changer Access to Password Changers page in Password Changing.
Password Character Set Access to Character Sets page in Password Changing.
Password Policy Access to Password Policies page in Password Changing.
Create Personal Folder Enable/disable creating a personal folder right after the user is created.
Edit Secret Templates Enable/disable editing the Secret Templates page.
Edit Secret Policies Enable/disable editing the Policies page.
Edit Secret Launchers Enable/disable editing the Secret Launchers page.
View Encrypted information Enable/disable viewing the secret password, passphrase and ssh-key. The
Secret list must have Write permission to view the encrypted secret information.
User Management
Administrator Users Access to the User Definition page in User Management and the Backup page in
System.
User Groups Access to the User Groups page in User Management.
Role Access to the Role page in User Management.
Ldap Servers Access to the Ldap Servers page in User Management.
Saml Single Sign-On Access to the Saml Single Sign-On page in User Management.
Radius Servers Access to the Radius Servers page in User Management.
Schedule Access to the Schedule page in User Management.
Allow CLI Access Enable/disable CLI access.
Allow CLI Diagnostic Enable/disable access to diagnostic CLI commands.
Commands

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User management
Access Control Definition

Allow Firmware Upgrade & Enable/disable permission to use firmware and configuration backup features.
Backups
Authentication
Addresses Access to the Addresses page.
Scheme & Rules Access to the Scheme & Rules page.
ZTNA Access to the ZTNA page in System.
Network
Configuration Access to the Interfaces page in Network.
Packet Capture Access to the Packet Capture page in Network.
Static Routes Access to the Static Routes page in Network.
Fabric Access to the FortiAnalyzer Logging card on the Fabric Connectors page in
Security Fabric.
Endpoint Control Access to the FortiClient EMS card on the Fabric Connectors page in Security
Fabric.
Manage System Certificates Enable/disable accessing the Certificates page in System.
System
Configuration Access to:
l DNS Settings in Network.
l SNMP, Settings, and HA pages in System.

l VM License uploading; System Reboot, and Shutdown settings.
l Configuration Revisions and Scripts.
FortiGuard Updates Access to the FortiGuard page from Dashboard.
Email Alert/Log Settings Access to Email Alert Settings and Log Settings in Log & Report.
Admin Settings
Access FortiPAM GUI Enable/disable accessing FortiPAM GUI.
Enter Glass Breaking Mode Enable/disable glass breaking mode.
Set Maintenance Mode Enable/disable maintenance mode.
View Logs Enable/disable viewing Events, Secrets, ZTNA, and SSH logs in Log & Report.
View Reports Enable/disable viewing Reports in Log & Report.
View Secret Launching Video Enable/disable viewing playback videos in Secret Video.
LDAP servers
Users can use remote authentication servers, such as an LDAP server, to connect to FortiPAM.

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User management
LDAP servers store users' information including credentials and group membership. This information can authenticate
FortiPAM remote users and provide groups for authorization.
Go to LDAP servers in User Management to see a list of LDAP servers.
The LDAP server tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create an LDAP server.
Edit Select to edit the selected LDAP server.
Delete Select to delete the selected LDAP roles.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the LDAP
servers list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
To create an LDAP server:
1. Go to User Management > LDAP servers, and select Create.

The New LDAP Server wizard opens.
Set up server
Name Name of the server.
Server IP/name The IP address or FQDN for this remote server.
Server Port The port number for LDAP traffic (default = 636).
Common Name Identifier The common name identifier for the LDAP server. Most LDAP servers use cn.
However, some servers use other common name identifiers such as UID.
(default = cn).
Distinguished Name The distinguished name is used to look up entries on the LDAP server.

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User management
The distinguished name reflects the hierarchy of LDAP database object

classes above the common name identifier.
Secure Connection Enable to use a secure LDAP server connection for authentication.
Secure LDAP (LDAPS) allows for the encryption of LDAP data in transit when
a directory bind is being established, thereby protecting against credential
theft.
Note: This option is enabled by default.
Password Renewal Enable to allow LDAP users to renew passwords.
Note: This option is only available when Secure Connection is enabled.
Protocol When Secure Connection is enabled, select either LDAPS or STARTTLS
(default).
Certificate When Secure Connection is enabled, select the certificate from the dropdown.
Use the search bar to look up a certificate.
Server Identity Check Enable to verify server domain name/IP address against the server certificate.
Note: This option is only available when Secure Connection is enabled.
Advanced Group Matching Group member check determines whether user or group objects' attributes are
used for matching. Group Filter is the filter used for group matching. Member
attribute is the name of the attribute from which to get the group membership.
Depending on the LDAP server, you may need to configure

additional properties to ensure LDAP groups are correctly
matched.

Group Member Check From the dropdown, select a group member check option (default =
Ldap::grp::member::check:user-attr).
Group Filter Enter the group filter for group matching.
Group Search Base Enter the search base used for searching a group.
Member Attribute Specify the value for this attribute. This value must match the attribute of the
group in LDAP server. All users part of the LDAP group with the attribute
matching the attribute will inherit the administrative permissions specified for
this group (default = memberof).
Authenticate
Username The username.
Password The password.

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User management
3. Click Test connection to test the connection to the LDAP server.
Test connection is only available to users who have Write permission for Ldap Servers.
See Role on page 117.
If the credentials to the server are valid, it shows Successful.

4. In the Review tab, verify the information you entered and click Submit to create the LDAP server.
Alternatively, use the CLI commands to create LDAP servers.
CLI configuration to set up an LDAP server - example:
config user ldap

edit <name>
set server <server_ip>
set cnid "cn"
set dn "dc=XYZ,dc=fortinet,dc=COM"
set type regular
set username <ldap_username>
set password <password>
next
end
config authentication scheme
edit "fortipam_auth_scheme"
set method form
set user-database "local-admin-db" <ldap_server_name>
next
end
Setting up remote LDAP authentication includes the following steps:
1. Configuring the LDAP server. See Configuring an LDAP server.

2. Adding the LDAP server to a user group. See User groups on page 113.
3. Configuring the administrator account. See Creating a user on page 102.
SAML Single Sign-On (SSO)
SAML SSO can be configured in User Management.

FortiPAM acts as the ISP in SAML authentication. The SAML server defines the configuration between ISP and IdP. An
IdP can authenticate FortiPAM remote users and provide groups for authorization.

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To create a SAML SSO server:
1. Go to User Management > Saml Single Sign-On.
Configure Service Provider

Base URL The URL where the Identity Provider (IdP) sends SAML authentication
requests.
Note: The address should be WAN-accessible and can be an IP address or an
FQDN.
Note: To include a port, append it after a colon. For example:
200.1.1.1.:443.
Entity ID Enter the SP entity ID.
Portal (Sign On) URL The SAML service provider login URL. The URL is used to initiate a single
sign-on.
Note: Not all IdPs require a Portal (Sign On) URL.
Note: The Portal (Sign On) URL is alternatively referred to as the Portal URL
or the Sign On URL.
Single Logout Service (SLS) The SP Single Logout Service (SLS) logout URL. The IdP sends the logout
URL response to this URL.
Note: The Single Logout Service (SLS) URL is alternatively referred to as the
SLS URL, Single Logout Service URL, or the Logout URL.
Sp Certificate Enable this option and import the SP certificate for authentication request
signing by the SP.
Configure Identity Provider

An IdP provides SAML assertions for the service provider and redirects the user's browser back to the service
provider web server.

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Log in to the IdP to find the following information.
Type Select either Fortinet Product or a Custom IdP.

IdP Address The IdP address.
Note: This option is only available when the Type is Fortinet Product.
Prefix Enter the IdP prefix.
Note: The prefix is appended to the end of the IdP URLs.
Note: This option is only available when the Type is Fortinet Product.
IdP Certificate Select a server certificate to use for the SP.
Whenever the configuration changes on the IdP, you need to

upload the new certificate reflecting the changes.
IdP entity ID The IdP's entity ID, for example:

http://www.example.com/saml-idp/xxx/metadata/
Note: This option is only available when the Type is Custom.
IdP single sign-on URL The IdP's login URL, for example:
http://www.example.com/saml-idp/xxx/login/
IdP single logout URL The IdP's logout URL, for example:
http://www.example.com/saml-idp/xxx/logout/
Additional Saml Attributes

FortiPAM looks for the attributes to verify authentication attempts. Configure your IdP to include the attributes in
the SAML attribute statement.
Attribute used to identify Enter the SAML attribute used to identify the users.
users
Attribute used to identify Enter the SAML attribute used to identify the groups.
groups
AD FS claim Enable AD FS claim.
User claim type From the dropdown, select a user claim type (default = User Principal
Name).
Group claim type From the dropdown, select a group claim type (default = User Group).

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3. In the Review tab, verify the information you entered and click Submit to create the SAML SSO server.
Alternatively, use the CLI commands to configure an IdP.
CLI configuration to set up a SAML IdP - example:
config user saml

edit <SAML Name>
set entity-id "http://<PAM_VIP>/saml/metadata/"
set single-sign-on-url "https://<PAM_VIP>/XX/YY/ZZ/saml/login/"
set single-logout-url "https://<PAM_VIP>/remote/saml/logout/"
set idp-entity-id "http://<iDP URL>/<idp_entity_id>"
set idp-single-sign-on-url "https://<iDP_URL>/<sign_on_url>"
set idp-single-logout-url "https://<iDP_URL>/<sign_out_url>"
set idp-cert <iDP Certificate>
set user-name "username"
set group-name "group"
set digest-method sha256
next
end
config firewall access-proxy
edit "fortipam_access_proxy"
set vip "fortipam_vip"
config api-gateway
edit 4
set service samlsp
set saml-server "fortipam-saml-sso-server"
next
end
next
end
edit "fortipam_saml_auth_scheme"
set method saml
set saml-server "fortipam-saml-sso-server"
next
end
config authentication rule
edit "fortipam_saml_auth_rule" #Create a new rule and move it above the default
"fortipam_auth" rule.
set srcaddr "all"
set dstaddr "saml_auth_addr"
set ip-based disable
set active-auth-method "fortipam_saml_auth_scheme"
set web-auth-cookie enable
next
edit "fortipam_auth"
set srcaddr "all"

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User management
set ip-based disable

set active-auth-method "fortipam_auth_scheme"
set web-auth-cookie enable
next
end
CLI configuration to enable SAML authentication on the login page - example

set saml-authentication enable
end
To log in to FortiPAM as a SAML user:
1. On the login page, from the Local dropdown, select SAML.

2. Select Continue to open the SAML login page.
3. Enter the username and password to log in to FortiPAM.
RADIUS servers
RADIUS servers can be configured in User Management.

The RADIUS servers store users' information including credentials and some attributes. This information can
authenticate FortiPAM remote users and provide groups for authorization.
The Radius servers tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new RADIUS server.
Edit Select to edit the selected RADIUS server.
Clone Select to clone the selected RADIUS server.
Delete Select to delete the selected RADIUS servers.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the RADIUS
server list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
To create a RADIUS server:
1. Go to User Management > Radius Servers, and select Create.

The New RADIUS Server wizard opens.

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Configure Settings
Name The name of the RADIUS server.
Authentication Type Select either Default or Specify.
If Specify is selected, from the dropdown, select from the following
authentication types:
l CHAP: Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol.
l MS-CHAP: Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol.

l MS-CHAP-V2: Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
version 2.
l PAP: Password Authentication Protocol.
Configure Servers
Primary Server The access request is always be sent to the primary server first. If the request
is denied with an Access-Reject, then the user authentication fails.
IP/Name The IP address or the FQDN.
Secret The pre-shared passphrase used to access the RADIUS server.
Secondary Server If there is no response from the primary server, the access request is sent to
the secondary server.
IP/Name The IP address or the FQDN.
Secret The pre-shared passphrase used to access the RADIUS server.
3. Click Test connection to test the connection to the RADIUS server.

If the credentials to the server are valid, it shows Successful.
4. In the Review tab, verify the information you entered and click Submit to create the RADIUS server.

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Alternatively, use the CLI commands to create RADIUS servers.
CLI configuration to set up a RADIUS server - example:
config user radius

edit <radius_server_name>
set server <server_ip>
set secret <secret>
next
end
edit "fortipam_auth_scheme"
set method form
set user-database "local-admin-db" <radius_server_name>
next
end
Setting up RADIUS authentication includes the following steps:
1. Configure the RADIUS server. Configuring a RADIUS server.

2. Adding the RADIUS server to a user group. User groups on page 113.
3. Configuring a RADIUS user. Creating a user on page 102.
Schedule
Schedule can be configured in User Management.

Set up a schedule to configure when the users can connect to FortiPAM.
The Schedule tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new schedule.
Edit Select to edit the selected schedule.
Clone Select to clone the selected schedule.
Delete Select to delete the selected schedules.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the schedule list.

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To create a schedule:
1. Go to User Management > Schedule.

2. From the Create dropdown, select Schedule.
The New Schedule window opens.

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User management
3. In the New Schedule window, enter the following information:
Type Select either Recurring or One Time.
Name The name of the schedule.
Color Select Change and then select a color.
Days Select the days of the week when the schedule applies.
Note: This option is only available when the Type is Recurring.
All day Enable to apply the schedule all day.

Note: This option is only available when the Type is Recurring.
Start Date Enter the start date and time. Alternatively, select the calendar icon and then
select a date.
Similarly, select the clock icon and then select a time.
Note: This option is only available when the Type is One Time.
Start Time Enter the start time. Alternatively, select the clock icon and then select a start
time.
Note: This option is only available when the Type is Recurring and All day is
disabled.
End Date Enter the end date and time. Alternatively, select the calendar icon and then
select a date.
Similarly, select the clock icon and then select a time.
Stop Time Enter the stop time. Alternatively, select the clock icon and then select a stop
time.
If the stop time is set earlier than the start time, the stop time
is the same time the next day.
Note: This option is only available when Type is Recurring and All day is
disabled.
Pre-expiration event log Select to create an event log Number of days before the End Date.
Number of days before Enter the number of days (1 - 100, default = 3).
Note: This option is only available when the Type is One Time and Pre-
expiration event log is enabled.
4. Click OK.
To create a schedule group:
1. Go to User Management > Schedule.

2. From the Create dropdown, select Schedule Group.
The New Schedule Group window opens.

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3. In the New Schedule window, enter the following information:
Name The name of the schedule group.
Color Select Change and then select a color.
Members From the dropdown, select +, and in Select Entries, select members.
If a new schedule is required, select Create then select the type of schedule to
create a new schedule.
Use the search bar to look for members.
Use the pen icon next to a schedule to edit the scheudle.
4. Click Close
5. Click OK.
FortiTokens
Go to User Management > FortiTokens to view a list of configured FortiTokens.
To access the FortiTokens page, you require Read or higher permission to User Groups, Ldap
Servers, Saml Single Sign-On, and Radius Servers. See Role on page 117.
For each FortiToken; type, serial number, status, user, drift, and comments are displayed by default.
To add the License column, click Configure Table when hovering over table headers, select
License, and click Apply.

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By default, two FortiTokens are available.
The following information is shown on the FortiTokens tab:
Create New Create a new FortiToken.
Edit Edit the selected FortiToken.
Delete Delete the selected FortiToken(s).
Activate Activate the selected FortiToken(s).
Provision Provision the selected FortiToken(s).
Refresh Refresh FortiToken(s).
Search Search the FortiToken list.
To add FortiTokens:
1. Go to User Management > FortiTokens, and select Create.

The New FortiToken window opens.

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Type The token type:

l Hard Token
l Mobile Token
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the token.

Note: This option is only available when the Type is Hard Token.
Serial Number The FortiToken serial number.
To add multiple FortiTokens, select + and enter a new serial

number.
Activation Code The activation code.

Note: This option is only available when the Type is Mobile Token.
Import Select the option to import multiple tokens by selecting one of the following
and clicking OK:
l Serial Number File: Select Upload to load a CSV file that contains token
serial numbers.
FortiToken devices have a serial number barcode on the

m used to create the import file.
l Seed File: Select Upload to load a CSV file that contains token serial
numbers, encrypted seeds, and IV values.
3. Click OK.
Monitoring FortiTokens
You can also view the list of FortiTokens, their status, token clock drift, and which user they are assigned to from the
FortiToken list found at User Management > FortiTokens.

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Approval request
To launch secrets where approval from the members of the approval group(s) is required, you must send out a request.
The request would then be reviewed by the members of the approval group(s), and could be approved or denied by any
members of the groups.
Access is granted to the user for only a period of time.
See My requests on page 142 and Make a request on page 143.
My requests
Go to Approval Request > My Requests to see list of secret requests.

The widgets at the top display:
l The request types and their count.
l The status of the requests and their count.
For every request the following fields are listed:
l Secret: Secret name with the request ID.
l Request Type
l Tier Approval Progress
l Start Time
l Expiration Time
l Duration
l Creation Time
All requests stay in the list until they are deleted.

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Approval request
Hover over a request in the list to see additional information about the secret.
When an approved request's access time is up, the secret session is terminated even though
the secret session is still on.
The My Requests tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new request. See Make a request on page 143.
Edit Select to edit the selected request.
Delete Select to delete the selected requests.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the requests list.
Double-click a request to open it and select Go to Secret to go to the related secret or select
View Approvers Comments to view comments from the approvers.
Make a request
To make a request:

You can also go to Approval Request > My Requests, select Create, and skip to step 4.
3. On the top-right, click Make Request to send out a request to launch the secret.
If the Make Request option does not appear, it is because Requires Approval to Launch
Secret or Requires Approval to Launch Job is disabled in the Secret Setting pane when
creating or editing a secret.
See Creating a secret on page 51.
The New secret request window opens.

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Approval request
Requester The requester.

Note: The option cannot be changed.
Request Type Select from the following request types:

l Launcher
l Job
Secret When the Request Type is Launcher, from the dropdown, select a secret.
These are secrets with Requires Approval to Launch Secret enabled. See
Creating a secret on page 51.
If available, hover over the secret to see additional

information including the folder where the secret is located
and the secret template being used for the secret.
When the Request Type is Launcher, use the search bar to

look up a secret with Requires Approval to Launch Secret
enabled.
Job When the Request Type is Job, secret associated with the job is automatically
selected. The option becomes non-editable. This is the secret with Requires
Approval to Launch Job enabled.
Not all jobs require approval.

When editing a secret, the Requires Approval to Launch Job
option in the Secret Setting pane determines which jobs
require approval.
From the dropdown, select a job.

Note: The option is only available when the Request Type is Job.
Request Duration When the Request Type is Launcher, from the dropdown, select a duration of
time or select Custom and then enter a date (MM/DD/YYYY) and time range.
Alternatively, select the calendar icon and select a start/end date and time.
When the Request Type is Job, the start time is the time set in the job. Enter an
end date (MM/DD/YYYY) and time.

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Request Comments Optionally, enter comments for the request.
Status Current status of the request.
5. Click Submit.
Once the request is submitted, it appears in My Requests and Request Review tab. See My requests on page 142
and Request review on page 145.
Reviewers specified in Approval profile on page 147 are sent email notifications so that they can log in to FortiPAM
from the email link. If the request is approved or denied, the status of the request changes to Approved or Denied
respectively in My Requests.
For the approver's email notification, an approver only receives the notification when the
request goes to the corresponding tier where the approver is located.
Request review
Go to Approval Request > Request Review to see a list of secret requests for review.
The Request Review tab looks like the following:
The widgets at the top display:

l The request types and their count.
l The status of the requests and their count.
All requests stay in the list until they are deleted.
The Request Review tab contains the following options:
Edit Select to approve or deny the selected request.

Alternatively, double-click a request to review the request. See Approve a request
on page 146.
Approve Select to approve the selected request.

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Approval request
Deny Select to deny the selected request.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the reviews list.
Approve a request
To approve or deny a secret request:
1. Go to Approval Request > Request Review, select secret request, and then select Edit.
Alternatively, double-click a request to open it.
The Approving secret request window opens.
In Start time and End time, select the Calendar icon and select a new date and time range to
override the requested duration. Alternatively, enter a new date and time range.
2. In the Approval Status pane:

a. In Permission, select Approve or Deny.
b. In Approver Comments, enter comments related to the secret request.
Approver comments are visible to the requester.
3. Click Save.
Select Go to secret to go to the secret.
Before a request is sent to the next tier or is finalized, the approval action can be revoked by the reviewer who approved
it.

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Approval request
If the Request Type is Job, the output of script can be checked in logs.
Once a secret request is approved or denied, the request status appears in the Request Review tab and the status is
updated in the My requests on page 142 tab.
If the request is denied, the user can see the reviewer comments.
To see the reviewer comments:
1. Go to Approval Request > My Requests.

2. Double-click the denied request under Denied/Expired.
3. Select View Approvers Comments to see the reviewer comment.
Alternatively, go to Approval Request > Request Review, under Denied/Expired Request, select the denied request,
and then double-click the request to see the reviewer comments in the Approval Status pane.
Approval flow
To launch secrets where approval from the members of the approval group(s) is required, an approval profile needs to
be set up.
By default, secrets do not require approval to access them. See Enabling approval profiles for
a secret on page 148.
The approval profile defines the number of tiers of approvals required for the user to be able to launch the secret. Each
tier includes the following information:
l The number of approvals required to pass through the tier.
l The users reviewing the secret request.
l The user groups reviewing the secret request.
FortiPAM supports up to 3 approval tiers.
See Approval profile on page 147.
Approval profile
Go to Approval Profile in Approval Request to see a list of the configured approval profiles.
For every approval profile, the following fields are shown:

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Approval request
l Name
l Type
l Description
l Reference
For secret requests, before the request is finalized, a Deny action from any member of the
approval profile stops the request from going to the subsequent approval tier. The requester is
immediately alerted about the denial of the request.
The Approval Profile tab contains the following information:
Create Select to create a new approval profile. See Create an approval profile on page
149.
Edit Select to edit the selected approval profile.
Delete Select to delete the selected profiles.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the approval
profiles list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Details Select to see details of the selected approval profile.
Enabling approval profiles for a secret
To enable approval profile:
1. Go Secrets > Secret List.

2. In Secret List, select a secret and then select Edit.
3. In the Secret Setting pane, enable Requires Approval to Launch Secret to require users to request permission from
the approvers defined in the approval profile for secret launching.
Alternatively, enable Requires Approval to Launch Job to require users to request permission from the approvers
defined in the approval profile for job execution.
4. In the Approval Profile dropdown, select an approval profile, or select Create to create a new approval profile. See
Create an approval profile on page 149.
5. Click Save.

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Approval request
Create an approval profile
To create an approval request:
1. Go to Approval Request > Approval Profile.

2. Select Create to create a new approval profile.
The New Approval Profile window opens.

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Approval request
Name The name of the approval profile.
Number of Approval Tiers The number of approval tiers a secret request is processed through.
Tier-1 Settings
Tier 2 and 3 options are same as tier 1.
Required number of Approva The minimum number of approvals required.

ls
The number of user or user groups reviewing a secret reque
st as part of an approval profile must be at least equal to the
number of approvals required to pass the request to the next
tier or approve it.
Approvers Select + and from the list, select users in the Select Entries window.
The selected users will review the secret request.
To add a new user:

a new user.
Approver Groups Select + and from the list, select user groups in the Select Entries window.
The selected user groups will review the secret request.

4. Click OK.

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Password changing
Go to Password Changing to access the following tabs:

l Character sets on page 151
l Password policies on page 152
l Password changers on page 155
Character sets
A character set is a group of varied characters used in password policies. Character sets provide building blocks for
passwords. See Password policies on page 152.
Character Sets in Password Changing displays a list of configured character sets.
For each character set; name, character set, and references are displayed.
The following default character sets are available in FortiPAM:

l symbol: contains some special characters.
l number: contains all numbers.
l lower: contains all lowercase English letters.
l upper: contains all uppercase English letters.
The Character Sets tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new character set. See Creating a character set on page 152.
Edit Select to edit the selected character set.
Delete Select to delete the selected character sets.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the character
sets list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.

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Password changing
Creating a character set
To create a character set:
1. Go to Password Changing > Character Sets.

2. Select Create to create a new character set.
The New Character Set window opens.
Name The name of the character set.
Character Set The character set.
4. Click OK.
Password policies
Using a secure password is vital to prevent unauthorized access. FortiPAM allows you to create password policy for
secret passwords generated by the password changer. See Password changers on page 155.
With password policies, you can enforce specific criteria for a new password, including:
l Minimum length between 8 and 64 characters.
l Maximum length up to 64 characters.
l The password must contain uppercase (A, B, C) and/or lowercase (a, b, c) characters.
l The password must contain numbers (1, 2, 3).
l The password must contain special or non-alphanumeric characters (!, @, #, $, %, ^, &, *, (, and
)).
Password policies can only be applied to a secret template when Password Changer is
enabled for the template.

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Password changing
Password policies are not applicable to SSH keys (Password changer Type is SSH with Public
Key).
For each password policy; name, password requirement, minimum length, maximum length, and references are
displayed.
The default password policy has the following features:

l Minimum length: 10
l Maximum length: 20
l Password Requirements: 3, 3, 2, and 2 minimum number of characters from the lower, upper, symbol, and number
character sets respectively. See Character sets on page 151.
The Password Policies tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new password policy. Password policies on page 152.
Edit Select to edit the selected password policy.
Delete Select to delete the selected password policies.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the password
policies list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Creating a password policy
To create a password policy:
1. Go to Password Changing > Password Policies

2. Select Create to create a new password policy.
The Create Password Policy window opens.

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Name The name of the password policy.
Minimum Length The minimum length of the password (default = 8).
Maximum Length The maximum length of the password (default = 16).
Password Requirements The requirements for the password to be successfully created. See Password
Requirements.
4. Click OK.
Password Requirements
1. In step 2 when Creating a password policy, select Create in Password Requirements.

The New Password Requirement window opens.
Minimum Number The minimum number of characters from the Character Set (default = 1).
Character Set From the dropdown, select a character set or create a new character set
(default = lower). See Creating a character set on page 152.
Use the search bar to look up a character set.
Use the pen icon next to the character set to edit it.
3. Click OK.
From the list, select a requirement and then select Edit to edit the requirement.
From the list, select requirements and then select Delete to delete the requirements.
See Applying a password policy to a secret template on page 154.
Applying a password policy to a secret template
To apply a password policy to a secret template:
1. Go to Secrets > Secret Templates.

2. From the list, double-click a secret template to edit the template.
Alternatively, select a template and then select Edit to edit the template.

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The Edit Secret Template window opens.
Default templates cannot be modified.

Administrators can clone a default template and then select a password policy.
3. In the Password Changer pane, from the Password Policy dropdown, select a password policy or create a new
password policy. See Creating a password policy on page 153 and Creating secret templates on page 80.
4. Click OK.
Password changers
A password changer can be configured for a custom secret template to periodically change the password of a secret and
periodically check the health of a secret.
For each password changer; name, type, changers, verifiers, change mode, verify mode, description, and references
are displayed.
FortiPAM offers the following default password changers:

l Active Directory LDAPS
l Open LDAPS
l SSH Key (FortiProduct)
l SSH Key (Unix)
l SSH Password (FortiProduct)
l SSH Password (Unix)
l Samba
Default password changers cannot be edited.

You can instead clone a default password and edit it.

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Password changing
The Password Changers tab contains the following options:
Create Select to create a new password changer. See Creating a password changer on
page 156.
Edit Select to edit the selected password changer.
Delete Select to delete the selected password changers.
Clone Select to clone the selected password changer.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the password
changers list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Creating a password changer
To create a password changer:
1. Log in to FortiPAM with an account that has sufficient permission to create a password changer.
2. Go to Password Changing > Password Changers.
3. Select Create to create a new password changer.
The New Password Changer window opens.

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Password changing
Name The name of the password changer.
Type From the dropdown, select a type:

l Active Directory LDAP
l Open LDAP
l Samba
l SSH with Public Key
l SSH with Password (default)
New Line Mode Select from the following options:

l CR (\r): Carriage Return (\r)
l CRLF (\r\n): Carriage Return and Line Feed (\r\n) (default)

l LF (\n): Line Feed (\n)
Change Auth Mode Select from the following two options:

l Association: Changing password requires credentials from the associated
secret.
See Associated Secret option when Creating a secret on page 51.
l Self: Secret can change its password (default).
Verify Auth Mode Select from the following two options:

l Association: Verifying password requires credentials from the associated
secret.
See Associated Secret option when Creating a secret on page 51.
l Self: Secret can verify its password (default).
Changers The password changing procedure. See Changers.
The option is available only when the Type is SSH with Publi
c Key
or SSH with Password.
Verifiers The password verification procedure. See Verifiers.
The option is available only when the Type is SSH with Publi
c Key or SSH with Password.
5. Click OK.

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Password changing
Changers
1. In step 4 when Creating a password changer, select Create in Changers.

The New Change Sequence window opens.

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Password changing
Type From the dropdown, select from the following options:

l Execute
l Expect
l Expect Prompt
Command Commands to execute on the password changer.

Valid variables are:
l $USER
l $PASSWORD
l $PASSPHRASE
l $NEWPASSWD
l $NEW_PUB_KEY
l $NEW_PRI_KEY
l $[0].$
l $PUB_KEY
Note: $[0].$ could be used when an associated secret is used. In this case,
$[0].$USER means the username of the associated secret.
$[0].$PASSWORD means the password of the associated secret.
Note: The option is only available when the Type is Execute.
Response The prompted line in target server.
Note: The option is only available when the Type is Expect.
Execute Action Either select Execute command unconditionally or Execute command on

previous match.
Expect Action From the dropdown, select from the following three options:
l Abort procedure on string not matched
l Continue procedure on string not matched

l Abort procedure on string matched
Note: The option is only available when the Type is Expect or Expect Prompt.
Critical Enable to indicate that the step is critical.

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Password changing
Password changing is successful when all steps before the

critical step are passed. Steps after the critical step are
optional, password changer ignores the optional steps if they
fail.
Delay (ms) The maximum waiting time for the current action, in ms (default = 50, 50 -
20000).
To reorder the changer sequence, drag from the sequence number and then drop.
3. Click OK.
From the list, select a changer and then select Edit to edit the changer.
From the list, select changer and then select Delete to delete the changer.
Verifiers
1. In step 4 when Creating a password changer, select Create in Verifiers.

The New Verify Sequence window opens.
Type From the dropdown, select from the following options:

l Execute
l Expect

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l Expect Prompt
Command Commands to execute on the password changer.

Valid variables are:
l $USER
l $PASSWORD
l $PASSPHRASE
l $NEWPASSWD
l $NEW_PUB_KEY
l $NEW_PRI_KEY
l $[0].$
l $PUB_KEY
Note: $[0].$ could be used when an associated secret is used. In this case,
$[0].$USER means the username of the associated secret.
$[0].$PASSWORD means the password of the associated secret.
Response The prompted line in target server.
Note: The option is only available when the Type is Expect.
Execute Action Either select Execute command unconditionally or Execute command on

previous match.
Expect Action From the dropdown, select from the following three options:
l Abort procedure on string not matched
l Continue procedure on string not matched

l Abort procedure on string matched
Note: The option is only available when the Type is Expect or Expect Prompt.
Critical Enable to indicate that the step is critical.
Password verification is successful when all steps before the

critical step are passed. Steps after the critical step are
optional, password verifier ignores the optional steps if they
fail.

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Password changing
Delay The maximum waiting time for the current action, in ms (default = 50, 50 -
20000).
To reorder the verifier sequence, drag from the sequence number and then drop.
3. Click OK.
From the list, select a verifier and then select Edit to edit the verifier.
From the list, select verifier and then select Delete to delete the verifier.
See Automatic password changing on page 162 and Automatic password verification on page 163.
Automatic password changing
A password changer linked to a secret template can be activated to periodically change the password in a secret that
uses this secret template.
To automatically change the password:

Alternatively, go to Folders, and select the folder where the secret is located.
2. Double-click the secret to edit it.
3. In the Secret Setting pane:
a. Enable Automatic Password Changing.
b. In Start Time, enter the date and time when the recurring schedule begins. Alternatively, select the Calendar
icon and then select a date and time.
c. In Recurrence, select from the following three frequencies of recurrence:
i. Daily
ii. Weekly
iii. Monthly
d. In Repeat every, enter the number of days/weeks/months after which the password is changed.
e. In Occurs on, select from the following days of the month when the password is automatically changed:
i. First
ii. Second
iii. Third
iv. Last
v. Last Day
vi. Day
When you select Day, select + to add days of the month when the password is automatically changed.
Note: The Occurs on option is only available when Recurrence is set as Weekly or Monthly.

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Password changing
The automatic password changing schedule is displayed in Recursive.

4. Click Save.
If Automatic Password Changing is enabled then the Password Changer Status shows the
amount of time after which the password is automatically changed.
Automatic password verification
A password changer linked to a secret template can be activated to periodically verify the password, and check if the
target server is still available for a secret that uses this secret template.
To automatically verify the password:

Alternatively, go to Folders, and select the folder where the secret is located.
2. Double-click the secret to edit it.
3. In the Secret Setting pane:
a. Enable Automatic Password Verification.
b. In Interval (min), enter the time interval at which the password is verified.
c. In Start Time, enter a date and time.
Alternatively, select the calendar icon, and select a date and time.
4. Click Save.
If Automatic Password Verification is enabled then the Password Verification Status shows
the amount of time after which the password is automatically verified.

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Authentication
Go to Authentication to access the following tabs:

l Addresses on page 164
l Scheme & Rules on page 172
Addresses
The Addresses tab in Authentication displays a list of configured addresses.

An address is a set of one or more IP addresses, represented as a domain name, an IP address and a subnet mask, or
an IP address range. You can also specify an address as a country. The address can apply to all interfaces, or you can
configure a specific interface.
You can create an address groups, which defines a group of related addresses.
For an address; name, details, interface, type, and references are shown.
The Addresses tab contains the following options:
+Create New From the dropdown, select Address or Address Group to create an address or an
address group.
See Creating an address on page 165 and Creating an address group on page
170

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Edit Select to edit the selected address or address group.
Clone Select to clone the selected address or address group.
Delete Select to delete the selected addresses or address groups.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the list. To
narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Refresh To refresh the contents, click the refresh icon on the bottom-right.
Creating an address
To create an address:
1. Go to Authentication > Addresses.

2. From the +Create New dropdown ,select Address.
The New Address window opens.
Category Select from the following options:

l Address
l Proxy Address
Name Name of the address.
Color Select Change, and from the color palette choose a color.
Type From the dropdown, select from the following options when the Category is
Address:
l Subnet (default)
l IP Range
l FQDN
l addr_type_fqdn-group
l Geography
l Dynamic
l Device (MAC Address)

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From the dropdown, select from the following options when the Category is
Proxy Address:
l Host Regex Match
l URL Pattern (default)

l URL Category
l URL List
l HTTP Method
l User Agent
l HTTP Header
l Advanced (Source)
l Advanced (Destination)
IP/Netmask Enter the IP address and the netmask.

Note: The option is only available when the Category is Address and the Type
is Subnet.
IP Range Enter the IP address range.

Note: The option is only available when:
l Category is Address and the Type is IP Range.
FQDN Enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

l Category is Address and the Type is FQDN.
Country/Region From the dropdown, select a country.

l Category is Address and the Type is Geography.
Sub Type From the dropdown, select from the following options:
l ClearPass
l Fabric Connector Address (default)

l FortiNAC Tag
l FortiVoice Tag
l Fortinet Single Sign-On
l Switch Controller NAC Policy Tag
To automatically resolve and assign MAC addresses,

configure a NAC policy with Switch Controller NAC
Policy Tag.
Note: The option is only available when the Category is Address and the Type
is Dynamic.
SDN connector From the dropdown, select an SDN connector or create a new SDN connector.

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Authentication
Use the search bar to look for an SDN connector.
Use the pen icon next to the SDN connector to edit it.

l Category is Address, Type is Dynamic, and the Subtype is Fabric
Connector Address.
SPT (System Posture Token) From the dropdown, select from the following options:
l Checkup
l Healthy
l Infected
l Quarantine
l Transient
l Unknown (default)
Note: The option is only available when the Category is Address, Type is
Dynamic and the Subtype is ClearPass.
FSSO Group Select +, and in Select Entries, select FSSO groups or create an FSSO group,
click Close.
The address for the selected FSSO group is dynamically retrieved.
Use the search bar to look for an FSSO group.
Use the pen icon next to the FSSO group to edit it.

l Category is Address, Type is Dynamic, and the Sub Type is Fortinet
Single Sign-On (FSSO).
MAC address Enter a MAC address. Select + to add a range of MAC addresses.
l Category is Address and the Type is Device (MAC Address).
Host For Proxy Address, from the dropdown, select a host or create a host address,
address group, or proxy address.

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Use the search bar to look for a host.
Use the pen icon next to the host to edit it.

l Category is Proxy Address and Type is any option other than Host Regex
Match.
URL Path Regex URL path as a regular expression.

Note: The option is only available when the Category is Proxy Address and the
Type is URL Pattern or Advanced (Destination).
Host Regex Pattern Host name as a regular expression.

Type is Host Regex Match.
URL Category Select +, and in Select Entries, select web filter categories or create a new
external connector.
Use the search bar to look for a URL category.
Type is URL Category or Advanced (Destination).
URL List From the dropdown, select a URL list.
Use the search bar to look for a URL list.
Type is URL List.
Request Method Select +, and in Select Entries, select methods, and click Close.
Use the search bar to look for a method.
Type is HTTP Method or Advanced (Source).
User Agent Select +, and in Select Entries, select web browsers.

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Use the search bar to look for a browser.
Type is User Agent or Advanced (Source).
Header Name Name/Key of the HTTP header.

Type is HTTP Header.
Header Regex HTTP header value as a regular expression.

Type is HTTP Header.
HTTP header HTTP header name and value.
Select + to add additional HTTP headers.
Type is Advanced (Source).
Interface From the dropdown, select an interface or create a new interface.

Note: By default, any is selected.
Use the search bar to look for an interface.
Note: The option is only available when the Category is Address.
Static route configuration Enable static route configuration to allow the address to be used in a static
route.
Note: The option is disabled by default and is only available when the
Category is Address and the Type is one of the following:
l Subnet
l IP Range
l FQDN
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the address.
4. Click OK.
Creating an address using the CLI - example
1. Enter the following commands in the CLI console:

config firewall address
edit "SSLVPN_TUNNEL_ADDR1" #The address name.
set uuid 1e1315b4-fcbf-51ec-d1be-f59b45e347b9

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set type iprange

set start-ip 10.212.134.200
set end-ip 10.212.134.210
next
end
Creating an address group
To create an address group:
1. Go to Authentication > Addresses.

2. From the +Create New dropdown, select Address Group.

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Category Select from the following options:

l IPv4 Group
l Proxy Group
Group name Name of the group.
Color Select Change, and from the color palette choose a color.
Type For an IPv4 group, select either Group or Folder.

For a proxy group, select either Source Group or Destination Group.
Members of the address folders can only belong to a single a

ddress folder.
Members Select +, and in Select Entries, select a member or create an address or an

address group, click Close.
Use the search bar to look for a member.
Use the pen icon next to the member to edit it.
Excluded members Enable, and select + to add members to be excluded or create addresses and
address groups to be excluded, click Close.
Note: The option is disabled by default and only available when Category is
IPv4 Group.
Static route configuration Enable static route configuration to allow the address group to be used in a
static route.
All the members of an address group must have static route

configuration enabled.
Note: The option is disabled by default and only available when Category is
IPv4 Group.
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the address group.
4. Click OK.

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Creating an address group using the CLI - example
1. Enter the following commands in the CLI console:

config firewall addrgrp
edit "G Suite" #The address group name.
set uuid 1d22ff2a-fcbf-51ec-442e-9003cab1eecb
set member "gmail.com" "wildcard.google.com"
next
end
Scheme & Rules
The Scheme & Rules tab in Authentication displays a list of the configured authentication rules and schemes.
An authentication scheme defines the method of authentication that is applied. By default, fortipam_auth_scheme and
fortipam_token_scheme authentication schemes are available.
In accordance with PAM design, you should avoid changing the default authentication
schemes.
Schemes and rules must not be configured by the customers.

Schemes and rules are automatically updated when the following features are configured:
l API users
l LDAP server and users

l RADIUS server and users
l SAML server and users
An authentication rule defines the proxy sources and destinations that require authentication, and which authentication
scheme to apply.
For each authentication scheme, the following columns are displayed:
l Name
l Method
l User database
l Reference
For each authentication rule, the following columns are displayed:

l Seq #
l Name
l Source Address

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l Authentication Scheme
l Comments
The Schemes & Rules tab contains the following options:
+Create New From the dropdown, select either Authentication Rule or Authentication Scheme
to create an authentication rule or authentication scheme respectively. See
Creating an authentication scheme on page 173 and Creating an authentication
rule on page 180.
Edit Select to edit the selected authentication rule or scheme.
Delete Select to delete the selected authentication rules or schemes.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search. To narrow down
your search, see Column filter.
Use the toggle on the top-right to switch between Authentication Rules and Authentication
Schemes.
Changes to the authentication rule sequence applies to both proxy policies and ZTNA rules.
Creating an authentication scheme
To create an authentication scheme:
1. Go to Authentication > Scheme & Rules.

2. From the +Create New dropdown, select Authentication Scheme.
The New Authentication Scheme window opens.
Name Name of the scheme.
Method Select +, from Select Entries, select one or more of the following options and
then click Close:

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Basic Basic HTTP authentication.
Certificate Client certificate authentication.
Digest Digest HTTP authentication.
Form-based Form-based HTTP authentication.
Fortinet Single Sign- Fortinet Single Sign-On (FSSO) authentication.

On (FSSO)
Negotiate Negotiate authentication.
NTLM NTLM authentication.
RADIUS Single RADIUS Single Sign-On (RSSO) authentication.

Sign-On (RSSO)
SAML SAML authentication.
SSH Public Key Public key based SSH authentication.
Token Code Token code-based authentication.
x-auth-user User from HTTP x-authenticated-user header.
Use the search bar to look for a method.
User database Select +, and in Select Entries, select remote servers (LDAP, RADIUS,
TACACS+) and user groups then click Close.
You can also create a new remote servers and user groups by selecting
+Create. See LDAP servers on page 127, RADIUS servers on page 134, and
User groups on page 113.
Use the pen icon next to a server or user group to edit it.
User database is only available when the selected methods

are either one or combinations of the following:
l Basic
l Digest
l Form-based
l SAML
l SSH Public Key
l x-auth-user
FSSO guest Enable/disable FSSO-Guest user authentication.


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Authentication
FSSO guest is only available when the selected methods

are either one or a combination of the following:
l Basic
l Digest
l Negotiate
l NTLM
Two-factor authentication Enable/disable two-factor authentication.

Two-factor authentication is only available when the

selected method is Form-based.
Negotiate NTLM Enable/disable negotiate authentication for NTLM.

Negotiate NTLM is only available when the selected method

is Negotiate.
Kerberos keytab From the dropdown, select a Kerberos Keytab or create a Kerberos Keytab.
See Creating a new kerberos keytab on page 176.
Use the search bar to look for a Kerberos Keytab.
Kerberos keytab is only available when the selected method

is Negotiate.
Domain Controller Enable/disable adding domain controllers, and from the dropdown, select a
domain controller or create a domain controller. See Creating a new domain
controller on page 177.
Note: The option is disabled by default when the Method is Negotiate.
Use the search bar to look for a domain controller.
Domain Controller is only available when the selected

method is Negotiate and/or NTLM.

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FSSO Agent Enable/disable using FSSO agent when the Method is Negotiate. From the
dropdown, select an FSSO agent or create an FSSO agent. See Creating an
FSSO agent on page 178.
Use the search bar to look for an FSSO agent.
FSSO Agent is only available when the selected method is

Negotiate.
SAML SSO server From the dropdown, select a SAML SSO server.
Note: The option is only available when the Method is SAML.
Use the search bar to look for a SAML SSO server.
User database From the dropdown, select a user database server or create a user database
server.
Timeout SAML authentication timeout in seconds.

SAML Timeout Enter the SAML authentication timeout, in seconds (default = 120).
SSH local CA From the dropdown, select an SSH local CA.

Note: The option is only available when the method is SSH Public Key.
Use the dropdown to look for an SSH local CA.
4. Click OK.
Creating a new kerberos keytab
To create a new kerberos keytab:
1. In step 3 when Creating an authentication scheme on page 173 where the selected method is Negotiate, from the
Kerberos keytab dropdown, select +Create.
The New Kerberos Keytab window opens:

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Name Name of the kerberos keytab.
Principal Enter the unique identity that Kerberos uses to assign tickets to.
Note: Use / to separate components of the principal.
LDAP server From the dropdown, select an LDAP server or create an LDAP server. See
LDAP servers on page 127.
Use the search bar to look for an LDAP server.
Use the pen icon next to an LDAP server to edit it.
Keytab Enter the pre-shared key, and select Upload to locate the Base64 coded
keytab file on your local computer.
3. Click OK.
Creating a new domain controller
To create a domain controller:
1. In step 3 when Creating an authentication scheme on page 173 where the selected method is Negotiate or NTLM,
from the Domain Controller dropdown, select +Create.
If the Method is set as Negotiate, enable Domain Controller.

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Name Name of the domain controller.
IP Address The IP address of the domain controller.
Port The port number for the port to be used to communicate with the domain
controller (default = 445).
Domain Name DNS name of the domain.
3. Click OK.
Creating an FSSO agent
To create an FSSO agent:
1. In step 3 when Creating an authentication scheme on page 173 where the selected method is Negotiate, enable
FSSO Agent.
2. From the FSSO Agent dropdown, select +Create.
The New External Connector window opens.
3. Select FSSO Agent on Windows AD.

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4. In the Connector Settings pane, enter the following information:
Name Name of the FSSO agent.
Primary FSSO agent The FSSO agent server IP address or name and Password.
Select + to add additional FSSO agents.
Trusted SSL certificate Enable/disable using a trusted SSL certificate.

From the dropdown, select a certificate or import a certificate.
To import a certificate:
1. From the dropdown, select Import.

2. In Upload, select +Upload, and locate the certificate on your local
computer.
3. Click OK.
User group source Select either Collector Agent or Local:

l Collector Agent: User groups are pushed to the FortiPAM from the
collector agent.
l Local: User groups are specified in the FortiGate configuration.
Note: The option is only available when the User group source is Local.
Proactively retrieve from Enable to configure the search filter and Interval (in minutes).
LDAP server Note: The option is only available when the User group source is Local, and is
disabled by default.
Users/Groups Click Apply and Refresh to fetch group filters from the collector agent.
Note: The option is only available when the User group source is Collector
Agent.
5. Click OK.

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Creating an authentication rule
To create an authentication rule:
1. Go to Authentication > Scheme & Rules.

2. From the +Create New dropdown, select Authentication Rule.
The Add New Rule window opens.

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Authentication
Name The name of the authentication rule.
Source Interface From the dropdown, select a source interface or create an interface.
Use the search bar to look for a source interface.
Use the pen icon next to a source interface to edit the interfa
ce.
Source Address Select +, and from Select Entries, select source addresses, all or none. You
can also create a new source address.
Use the search bar to look for a source address.
Use the pen icon next to a source address to edit the source
address.
Authentication Scheme Enable Authentication Scheme to use an authentication scheme and then
from the dropdown, select which authentication scheme to use. You can also
create a new authentication scheme. See Creating an authentication scheme
on page 173.
Use the search bar to look for an authentication scheme.
Use the pen icon next to an authentication scheme to edit th

e authentication scheme.
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the authentication rule.
Enable This Rule Select Enable or Disable to control whether the authentication rule is used or
ignored.
4. Click OK.

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System
Go to System to manage and configure the basic system options for FortiPAM.
You can also manage and update the firmware for FortiPAM, set up SNMP, HA cluster, manage certificates, configure
ZTNA related settings, and automated backup.
System contains the following tabs:
l Firmware on page 182
l Settings on page 182
l SNMP on page 186
l High availability on page 194
l Certificates on page 202
l ZTNA on page 211
l Backup on page 226
Firmware
The FortiPAM firmware can be upgraded from System > Firmware.
Upgrading the firmware
Periodically, Fortinet issues firmware upgrades that fix known issues, add new features and functionality, and generally
improve your FortiPAM experience.
Before proceeding to upgrade the system, Fortinet recommends that you back up the configuration. See Backup and
restore on page 15.
To be able to upgrade the firmware, you must first register your FortiPAM with Fortinet. See Licensing on page 30.
To upgrade the firmware from FortiPAM GUI, see Uploading a firmware on page 14.
Always review all sections in FortiPAM Release Notes prior to upgrading your device.
Settings
Go to System > Settings to access system configuration that you can update after installing FortiPAM.

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System
To update System Settings:
1. Go to System > Settings.

The System Settings window opens.
2. In System Settings, enter the following information:
Host name The identifying name assigned to this FortiPAM unit.
System time pane
System time
Current system time The current date and time on the FortiPAM internal clock or NTP servers.
Time Zone From the dropdown, select a timezone.
Set Time Select from the following options:
l NTP: The NTP (Network Time Protocol) server (default).
l Manual Settings
Select Server Select a server from the following two options:
l FortiGuard (default)
l Custom
Note: The option is only available when Set Time is NTP.
Custom Server IP Address The custom server IP address.

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Custom NTP server details must be configured via the CLI.
Note: The option is only available when Set Time is NTP and the Select Server
is Custom.
Sync internal Enter how often, in minutes, that the device synchronizes its time with the NTP
server (default = 60, 1 - 1440).
Note: The option is only available when Set Time is NTP.
Date Enter the date or select the calendar icon, and from the dropdown, select a
date.
Note: The option is only available when Set Time is Manual Settings.
Time Enter the time or select the clock icon, and from the dropdown, select a time.
Note: The option is only available when Set Time is Manual Settings.
Setup device as local NTP Select True to configure the FortiPAM as a local NTP server (default = False).
server
Listen on Interfaces Set the interface or interfaces that the FortiPAM will listen for NTP requests on.
Note: The option is only available when Setup device on local NTP server is
set as True.
User Password Policy pane
User Password Policy

Password scope Enable/disable password scope (default = disable).
Note: This applies to local user passwords.
Minimum length The minimum length of the password (default = 8, 1 - 128).
Minimum number of new Enter the minimum number of new characters required in the password
characters (default = 0, maximum = 200).
Character requirements Enable/disable character requirements (default = disable).
When enabled, enter the number of upper case, lower case, numbers, and
special (non-alphanumeric) characters required in the password.
Note: Special characters are non-alphanumeric.
Allow password reuse Enable/disable password reuse (default = enable).
Password expiration Enable and enter the number of days after which the password expires
(default = 90, 0 - 999).
View Settings pane
View Settings
Language From the dropdown, select a language.
Date/Time display Select from the following two options:

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l System Timezone: Use the FortiPAM unit's configured timezone.

l Browser Timezone: Use the web browser timezone.
Email Service pane
Email Service
Use custom settings Enable to edit options in the Email Service pane.
SMTP Server The SMTP server IP address or the hostname, e.g., smtp.example.com.
Port The recipient port number.
The default port value depends on the chosen Security

Mode.
For None and STARTTLS, the default value is 25.
For SMTPS, the default value is 465.
Authentication If required by the email server, enable authentication.

If enabled, enter the Username and Password.
Security Mode Set the connection security mode used by the email server:
l None
l SMTPS (default)
l STARTTLS
Default Reply To Optionally, enter the reply to email address, such as
noreply@example.com.
This address will override the Email from email address that is configured for
an alert email. See Email alert settings on page 270.
Debug Logs pane
Debug Logs
Debug Logs Select Download to export the debug logs to your computer as a text file.
PAM Settings pane
PAM Settings
Enforce recording on glass In glass breaking mode, the administrator has permission to launch all secrets.
breaking This setting is to enforce video recording on all launching sessions.
(default = enable).
Video Storage Limit The maximum percentage of the video disk partition size that can be used for
storing FortiPAM session video recordings (default = 95, 10 - 100).
Video Storage Mode From the dropdown, select a PAM session video recording storage mode
(default = Rolling):
l Rolling: Evict the oldest PAM video recording within the Video Storage
Time when the video storage limit is reached.

l Stop: Stop storing new PAM video recordings when the disk quota is full.

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Video Storage Time The number of days for which a video is stored. Video files are removed from
FortiPAM once the time has elapsed (default = 365, 0 - 36500).
Enable the toggle or enter 0 for no time limit.
Note: The option is only available when the Video Storage Mode is Rolling.
Recording Resolution From the dropdown, select a resolution for the PAM video recordings:
l 480p
l 720p (default)
l 1080p
Recording FPS Enter the PAM video recording frame rate (default = 2, 1- 15).
Recording Color Depth From the dropdown, select a color depth (default = 16 Bit Color Depth):
l 16 Bit Color Depth

Recording Key FPM Enter the PAM video recording key frame rate per minute (default = 1, 1 - 60).
Session Max Duration Enter the maximum duration for a PAM session, in minutes (default = 120, 1 -
10000)
Client Port Enter the port number that FortiPAM uses to connect to FortiClient (default =
9191, 1 - 65536).
3. Click Apply.
SNMP
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) allows you to monitor hardware on your network. You can configure
the hardware, such as the FortiPAM SNMP agent, to report system information and traps.
SNMP traps alert you to events that happen, such as a log disk becoming full, or a virus being detected. These traps are
sent to the SNMP managers. An SNMP manager (or host) is typically a computer running an application that can read
the incoming traps and event messages from the agent and can send out SNMP queries to the SNMP agents.
By using an SNMP manager, you can access SNMP traps and data from any FortiPAM interface configured for SNMP
management access. Part of configuring an SNMP manager is to list it as a host in a community on the FortiPAM unit it
will be monitoring. Otherwise, the SNMP manager will not receive any traps from, and be unable to query, that FortiPAM
unit.
When using SNMP, you must also ensure you have added the correct Management Information Base (MIB) files to the
unit, regardless of whether or not your SNMP manager already includes standard and private MIBs in a ready-to-use,
compiled database. A MIB is a text file that describes a list of SNMP data objects used by the SNMP manager. See
Fortinet MIBs on page 189 for more information.

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The FortiPAM SNMP implementation is read-only. SNMP v1, v2c, and v3 compliant SNMP managers have read-only
access to FortiPAM system information through queries and can receive trap messages from the unit.
The FortiPAM SNMP v3 implementation includes support for queries, traps, authentication, and privacy. Authentication
and privacy can be configured in the CLI or the GUI.
For security reasons, Fortinet recommends that neither “public” nor “private” be used for
SNMP community names.
If you want to allow SNMP access on an interface, you must go to Network > Interfaces and
select SNMP in Administrative Access in the settings for the interface that you want the SNMP
manager to connect to.
For SNMP configuration, go to System > SNMP.
Hover over the leftmost edge of the column heading to display the Configure Table icon, which
you can use to select the columns to display or to reset all the columns to their default settings.
You can also drag column headings to change their order.
Configure the following settings and click Apply.
Download FortiPAM MIB File Download the FortiPAM MIB file.
Download Fortinet Core MIB Download the Fortinet MIB file. See Fortinet MIBs on page 189.
File
System Information
SNMP Agent Enable the FortiPAM SNMP agent. See SNMP agent on page 190.
SNMP v1/v2c
Enable to see the list of the communities for SNMP v1/v2c (disabled by default). From within this section, you can
create, edit or remove SNMP communities.

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Create New Creates a new SNMP community. When you select Create New, the New SNMP
Community page opens. See Creating or editing an SNMP community on page
190.
Edit Modifies settings within an SNMP community. When you click Edit, the Edit
SNMP Community page opens.
Delete Removes an SNMP community from the list.
To remove multiple SNMP communities, select multiple rows in the list by holding
down the Ctrl or Shift keys and then select Delete.
Status Enable or disable the SNMP community.
Name The name of the community.
Queries Indicates whether queries protocols (v1 and v2c) are enabled or disabled. A green
check mark indicates that queries are enabled; a red x indicates that queries are
disabled.
Traps Indicates whether trap protocols (v1 and v2c) are enabled or disabled. A green
check mark indicates that traps are enabled; a red x indicates that traps are
disabled.
Hosts List of hosts that are part of the SNMP community.
Events Number of events that have occurred.
Status Indicates whether the SNMP community is enabled or disabled.
SNMP v3
Lists the SNMP v3 users. From within this section, you can edit, create or remove an SNMP v3 user.
Create New Creates a new SNMP v3 user. When you select Create New, the Create New
SNMP User page opens. See Creating or editing an SNMP user on page 192.
Edit Modifies settings within the SNMP v3 user. When you click Edit, the Edit SNMP
User page opens.
Delete Removes an SNMP v3 user from the page.
To remove multiple SNMP v3 users, select multiple rows in the list by holding
down the Ctrl or Shift keys and then select Delete.
Status Enable or disable the SNMP v3 user.
Name The name of the SNMP v3 user.
Security Level The security level of the user.
Queries Indicates whether queries are enabled or disabled. A green check mark indicates
that queries are enabled; a red x indicates that queries are disabled.
Traps Indicates whether trap protocols (v1 and v2c) are enabled or disabled. A green
check mark indicates that traps are enabled; a red x indicates that traps are
disabled.
Hosts List of hosts.

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Events Number of SNMP events associated with the SNMPv3 user.

Status Indicates whether the SNMPv3 user is enabled or disabled.
Fortinet MIBs
The FortiPAM SNMP agent supports Fortinet proprietary MIBs, as well as standard RFC 1213 and RFC 2665 MIBs. RFC
support includes support for the parts of RFC 2665 (Ethernet-like MIB) and the parts of RFC 1213 (MIB II) that apply to
FortiPAM unit configuration.
There are two MIB files for FortiPAM units; both files are required for proper SNMP data collection:
l Fortinet MIB: contains traps, fields, and information that is common to all Fortinet products.
l FortiPAM MIB: contains traps, fields, and information that is specific to FortiPAM units.
The Fortinet MIB and FortiPAM MIB, along with the two RFC MIBs, are listed in the table in this section.
To download the MIB files, go to System > SNMP and select a MIB link in the SNMP section. See SNMP on page 186.
Your SNMP manager may already include standard and private MIBs in a compiled database that is ready to use. You
must add the Fortinet proprietary MIB to this database to have access to the Fortinet-specific information.
MIB files are updated for each version of FortiPAM. When upgrading the firmware, ensure that
you update the Fortinet FortiPAM MIB file compiled in your SNMP manager as well.
MIB file name Description
FORTINET-CORE-MIB.mib The Fortinet MIB includes all system configuration information and trap
information that is common to all Fortinet products. Your SNMP manager requires
this information to monitor FortiPAM unit configuration settings and receive traps
from the FortiPAM SNMP agent.
FORTINET-FORTIPAM- The FortiPAM MIB includes all system configuration information and trap
MIB.mib information that is specific to FortiPAM units. Your SNMP manager requires this
information to monitor FortiPAM configuration settings and receive traps from the
FortiPAM SNMP agent. FortiManager systems require this MIB to monitor
FortiPAM units.
SNMP get command syntax
Normally, to get configuration and status information for a FortiPAM unit, an SNMP manager would use an SNMP get
command to get the information in a MIB field. The SNMP get command syntax would be similar to:
snmpget -v2c -c <community_name> <address_ipv4> {<OID> | <MIB_field>}
where:
l <community_name> refers to the SNMP community name added to the FortiPAM configuration. You can add
more than one community name to a FortiPAM SNMP configuration. The most commonly used community name is
public. For security reasons, Fortinet recommends that neither public nor private be used for SNMP community
names.

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l <address_ipv4> is the IP address of the FortiPAM interface that the SNMP manager connects to
l {<OID> | <MIB_field>} is the object identifier for the MIB field or the MIB field name itself.
For example, to retrieve the serial number of the FortiPAM device, the following command could be issued:
snmpget -v2c -c fortinet 192.168.1.110 1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.100.1.1.1.0
iso.3.6.1.4.1.12356.100.1.1.1.0 = STRING: "FPXVM2TM22000445"
In this example, the community name is fortinet, the IP address of the interface configured for SNMP management
access is 192.168.1.110. The serial number of the FortiPAM device is queried using the OID:
1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.100.1.1.1.0.
SNMP agent
The FortiPAM SNMP agent must be enabled before configuring other SNMP options. Enter information about the
FortiPAM unit to identify it so that when your SNMP manager receives traps from the FortiPAM unit, you will know which
unit sent the information.
To configure the SNMP agent in the GUI:
1. Go to System > SNMP.

2. Enable SNMP Agent.
3. Enter a description for the agent. The description can be up to 255 characters long.
4. Enter the physical location of the unit. The system location description can be up to 255 characters long.
5. Enter the contact information for the person responsible for this FortiPAM unit. The contact information can be up to
255 characters.
6. Click Apply to save your changes.
To configure the SNMP agent with the CLI:
Enter the following CLI commands:

config system snmp sysinfo
set status enable
set contact-info <contact_information>
set description <description_of_FortiPAM>
set location <FortiPAM_location>
end
Creating or editing an SNMP community
An SNMP community is a grouping of devices for network administration purposes. Within that SNMP community,
devices can communicate by sending and receiving traps and other information. One device can belong to multiple
communities, such as one administrator terminal monitoring both a firewall SNMP and a printer SNMP community.
Add SNMP communities to your FortiPAM unit so that SNMP managers can view system information and receive SNMP
traps. You can add up to three SNMP communities. Each community can have a different configuration for SNMP
queries and traps and can be configured to monitor the FortiPAM unit for a different set of events. You can also add the
IP addresses of up to sixteen SNMP managers to each community.

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Enabling SNMP v1/v2c and selecting Create New in the SNMP v1/v2c pane opens the New SNMP Community page,
which provides settings for configuring a new SNMP community. Double-clicking a community from the SNMP v1/v2c
table opens the Edit SNMP Community page. Alternatively, select a community from the list and then select Edit to edit
the SNMP community.
Configure the following settings in the New SNMP Community page or Edit SNMP Community page and click OK:
Community Name Enter a name to identify the SNMP community. After you create the SNMP
community, you cannot edit the name.
Enabled Enable or disable the SNMP community.
Hosts
Settings for configuring the hosts of an SNMP community.
IP Address Enter the IP address/netmask of the SNMP managers that can use the settings in
this SNMP community to monitor the unit.
You can also set the IP address to 0.0.0.0 to so that any SNMP manager can use
this SNMP community.
Host Type Select one of the following: Accept queries and send traps, Accept queries only,
or Send traps only.
X Removes an SNMP manager from the list within the Hosts section.
+ Select to add a blank line to the Hosts list. You can add up to 16 SNMP managers
to a single community.
Queries

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Settings for configuring queries for both SNMP v1 and v2c.
v1 Enabled Enable or disable SNMP v1 queries.

Port Enter the port number (161 by default) that the SNMP managers in this
community use for SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c queries to receive configuration
information from the unit.
The SNMP client software and the unit must use the same port for queries.
v2c Enabled Enable or disable SNMP v2c queries.
Traps
Settings for configuring local and remote ports for both v1 and v2c.
v1 Enabled Enable or disable SNMP v1 traps.
Local Port Enter the local port numbers (162 by default) that the unit uses to send SNMP v1
or SNMP v2c traps to the SNMP managers in this community.
The SNMP client software and the unit must use the same port for traps.
Remote Port Enter the remote port number (162 by default) that the unit uses to send SNMP
traps to the SNMP managers in this community.
The SNMP client software and the unit must use the same port for traps.
v2C Enabled Enable or disable SNMP v2c traps.
SNMP Events
Enable each SNMP event for which the unit should send traps to the SNMP managers in this community.
Note: The CPU usage too high trapʼs sensitivity is slightly reduced by spreading values out over 8 polling cycles.
This reduction prevents sharp spikes due to CPU intensive short-term events such as changing a policy.
Creating or editing an SNMP user
Selecting Create New in the SNMP v3 pane opens the New SNMP User page, which provides settings for configuring a
new SNMP v3 user. Double-clicking a user from the SNMP v3 table opens the Edit SNMP User page. Alternatively,
select an SNMP user and then select Edit to edit the SNMP user.

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Configure the following settings in the New SNMP User page or Edit SNMP User page and click OK:
User Name Enter the name of the user. After you create an SNMP user, you cannot change
the user name.
Enabled Enable or disable this SNMP user.
Security Level
Select the type of security level the user will have:
l No Authentication
l Authentication and No Private—Select the authentication algorithm and enter password to use.
l Authentication and Private—Select the authentication and encryption algorithm and enter the passwords to use.
Authentication/Encryption If the security level is set to Authentication and No Private, you can select from the
Algorithm following authentication algorithms:
l MD5
l SHA1 (default)
l SHA224
l SHA256
l SHA384
l SHA512
If the security level is set to Authentication and Private, you can also select from
the following encryption algorithms in addition to authentication algorithms:
l AES (default)
l DES
l AES256
l AES256 Cisco
Password If the security level is set to Authentication, select Change and enter a password
in the Password field.
Hosts
Settings for configuring the hosts of an SNMP community.
IP Address Enter the IP address of the notification host. If you want to add more than one
host, select + to add another host. Up to 16 hosts can be added. Select X to delete
any hosts.
Queries
Settings for configuring queries for both SNMP v1 and v2c.
Enabled Enable or disable the query. By default, the query is enabled.
Port Enter the port number in the Port field (161 by default).
Traps
Settings for configuring local and remote ports for both v1 and v2c.
Enabled Enable or disable the trap.
Local Port Enter the local port number (162 by default).

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Remote Port Enter the remote port numbers (162 by default).
SNMP Events
Select the SNMP events that will be associated with the user.
High availability
Multiple FortiPAM units can operate as an high availability (HA) cluster to provide even higher reliability.
FortiPAM can operate in Active-Passive HA mode.
Active-Passive: Clustered fail-over mode where all of the configuration is synchronized between the devices.
PAM configurations, such as users and secrets, are automatically synced to secondary devices to ensure PAM services
can be operated or recovered when the primary device is down. All tasks are handled by the primary device as long as
system events and logs are only recorded on the primary device.
Your FortiPAM device can be configured as a standalone unit or you can configure two FortiPAM devices in the Active-
Passive mode for failover protection.
The following shows FortiPAM devices in Active-Passive mode:
Status, priority, hostname, serial number, role, system uptime, sessions, and throughput are displayed for each unit in
the HA cluster.
l Click Refresh to fetch the latest information on the HA topology in use.

l Select a FortiPAM unit and select Remove device from HA cluster to remove the
FortiPAM unit from the HA cluster.
l To edit a FortiPAM unit in an HA cluster, select the FortiPAM unit and then select Edit.
The primary unit in an Active-Passive cluster cannot be removed from the cluster.
Before configuring an HA cluster, ensure that interfaces are not using the DHCP mode to get
IP addresses.

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Configuring HA and cluster settings
To configure HA and cluster settings:
1. Go to System > HA.

2. Configure the following settings:
Mode From the dropdown, select Standalone or Active-Passive.
If you select Standalone, no other options are displayed.
Device priority You can set a different device priority for each cluster member to control the
order in which cluster units become the primary unit (HA primary) when the
primary unit fails. The device with the highest device priority becomes the
primary unit (default = 128, 0 - 255).
Since all videos and logs are only stored on the primary
device, one FortiPAM should be configured with higher
priority.
And with override enabled, the primary unit with the highest
device priority will always become the primary unit.
The override setting and device priority value are not

synchronized to all cluster units. You must enable override
and adjust device priority manually and separately for each
cluster unit.
Cluster Settings
Group name Enter a name to identify the cluster.
Password Select Change to enter a password to identify the HA cluster. The maximum
password length is 15 characters. The password must be the same for all
cluster FortiPAM units before the FortiPAM units can form the HA cluster.
When the cluster is operating, you can add a password, if required.
Two clusters on the same network must have different

passwords.
Monitor interfaces Select the specific ports to monitor or create new interfaces.

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Use the pen icon next to the interface to edit it.
If a monitored interface fails or is disconnected from its network, the interface

leaves the cluster and a link failover occurs. The link failover causes the
cluster to reroute the traffic being processed by that interface to the same
interface of another cluster that still has a connection to the network. This other
cluster becomes the new primary unit.
Heartbeat interfaces Select to enable or disable the HA heartbeat communication for each interface
in the cluster and then set the heartbeat interface priority.
You can also create new interfaces.
The heartbeat interface with the highest priority processes all heartbeat traffic.
You must select at least one heartbeat interface. If the interface functioning as
the heartbeat fails, the heartbeat is transferred to another interface configured
as a heartbeat interface. If heartbeat communication is interrupted, the cluster
stops processing traffic. Priority ranges from 0 to 512.
Heartbeat interfaces should use dedicated interfaces and

not share the VIP interface.
Management Interface Reservation

Enable or disable the management interface reservation.
You can provide direct management access to individual cluster units by reserving a management interface as
part of the HA configuration. After this management interface is reserved, you can configure a different IP
address, administrative access, and other interface settings for this interface for each cluster unit. You can also
specify static routing settings for this interface. Then by connecting this interface of each cluster unit to your
network, you can manage each cluster unit separately from a different IP address.
Interface Select the management interface or create a new interface.

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Management interfaces should use dedicated interfaces.
Gateway Enter the IPv4 address for the remote gateway.

IPv6 gateway Enter the IPv6 address for the remote gateway.
Destination subnet Enter the destination subnet.
Unicast Status
Enable the unicast HA heartbeat in virtual machine (VM) environments that do not support broadcast
communication.
Note: The pane is only available when the Mode is Active-Passive.
When disabling this option to change from HA unicast to multicast, you must reboot all
units in the cluster for the change to take effect.
Peer IP Enter the IP address of the HA heartbeat interface of the other FortiPAM-VM in
the HA cluster.
Note: The option is only available when Unicast Heartbeat is enabled.
Override Enable to use the primary server by default whenever it is available.
3. Click OK.
HA failover
When primary FortiPAM is down, secondary will take the primary role and permanently enter maintenance mode. Under
maintenance mode, all critical processes will be temporarily suspended. Admin can bring up the original primary device
or disable maintenance mode on the new primary device to resume all FortiPAM features.
HA active-passive cluster setup
An HA Active-Passive (A-P) cluster can be set up using the GUI or CLI.

This example uses the following network topology:

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To set up an HA A-P cluster using the GUI:
1. Make all the necessary connections as shown in the topology diagram.

2. Log into one of the FortiPAM devices.
3. Go to System > HA and set the following options:
Mode Active-Passive.
Device priority 128 or higher.
Group name Example_cluster.
Heartbeat interfaces ha1 and ha2.
Except for the device priority, these settings must be the same on all FortiPAM devices in
the cluster.
4. Leave the remaining settings on default. They can be changed after the cluster is in operation.
5. Click OK.
The FortiPAM negotiates to establish an HA cluster. Connectivity with the FortiPAM may
be temporarily lost.

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6. Factory reset the other FortiPAM that will be in the cluster, configure GUI access, then repeat steps 1 to 5, omitting
setting the device priority, to join the cluster.
To set up an HA A-P cluster using the CLI:
1. Make all the necessary connections as shown in the topology diagram.

2. Log into one of the FortiPAM devices.
3. Change the host name of the FortiPAM:
set hostname Example1_host
end
Changing the host name makes it easier to identify individual cluster units in the cluster
operations.
4. Enable HA
config system ha
set mode active-passive
set group-name Example_cluster
set hbdev ha1 10 ha2 20
end
5. Leave the remaining settings as their default values. They can be changed after the cluster is in operation.
6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 on the other FortiPAM devices to join the cluster, giving each device a unique hostname.
Upgrading FortiPAM devices in an HA cluster
You can upgrade the firmware on an HA cluster in the same way as on a standalone FortiPAM. During a firmware
upgrade, the cluster upgrades the primary unit and all of the secondary units to the new firmware image.
Before upgrading a cluster, back up your configuration. See Backup and restore on page 15.
Uninterrupted upgrade
An uninterrupted upgrade occurs without interrupting communication in the cluster.

To upgrade the cluster firmware without interrupting communication, the following steps are followed. These steps are
transparent to the user and the network, and might result in the cluster selecting a new primary unit.
1. The administrator uploads a new firmware image using the GUI or CLI. See Uploading a firmware on page 14.
2. The firmware is upgraded on all of the secondary units.
3. A new primary unit is selected from the upgraded secondary units.
4. The firmware is upgraded on the former primary unit.
5. Primary unit selection occurs, according to the standard primary unit selection process.
If all of the secondary units crash or otherwise stop responding during the upgrade process, the primary unit will
continue to operate normally, and will not be upgraded until at least one secondary rejoins the cluster.

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Interrupted upgrade
An interrupted upgrade upgrades all cluster members at the same time. This takes less time than an uninterrupted
upgrade, but it interrupts communication in the cluster.
Interrupted upgrade is disabled by default.
To enable interrupted upgrade:
config system ha
set uninterruptible-upgrade disable
end
Disaster recovery
FortiPAM supports adding a disaster recovery node in a remote site. It uses HA to implement this feature.
Disaster recovery can only be set up using the CLI commands.
The HA primary and secondary nodes are set up in a location while HA disaster recovery node is set up in a remote
location. The 3 nodes form an HA cluster.
On the disaster recovery node, use the following CLI command to enable it:
config system ha
set disaster-recovery-node enable
end
HA primary node - CLI example

config system ha
set override enable
set priority 200
set unicast-status enable
set unicast-gateway 10.1.2.33
config unicast-peers
edit 35
set peer-ip 10.1.3.35
next
edit 37
next
end
HA secondary node - CLI example

config system ha
set override enable
set priority 100

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edit 35
next
edit 36
next
end
Disaster recovery node - CLI example

config system ha
set override enable
set disaster-recovery-node enable
edit 36
next
edit 37
next
end
The disaster recovery node has a lower heartbeat interval, in ms (default = 600).
Use the following CLI command to change the interval:
config system ha
set disaster-recovery-hb-interval <integer>
end
A disaster recovery node on a remote site is most likely under a different network segment from the primary. You must
configure different interface IP, VIP, and gateway for the disaster recovery node based on the network design. In this
case, the below setting should be configured. So that the VIP, system interface, static route, SAML server, and
FortiToken Mobile push configuration among the primary, secondary, and disaster recovery nodes do not sync. When
HA fails over to the disaster recovery node, FortiPAM can operate on the disaster recovery node's VIP as long as other
services.
config system vdom-exception
edit 1
set object firewall.vip
next
edit 2
set object system.interface
next
edit 3
set object router.static
next
edit 4
set object user.saml
next
edit 5
set object system.ftm-push
next
end

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If you do wish to sync the above settings from the primary to the secondary, you need to edit
them on the secondary manually.
When HA primary, secondary, and disaster recovery nodes use different VIPs, they must be added individually as
service providers on a SAML server. And the SAML server configurations on FortiPAM HA members are also different.
Certificates
Go to System > Certificates to manage certificates.
There are three types of certificates that FortiPAM uses:

l Local certificates: Local certificates are issued for a specific server or web site. Generally they are very specific
and often for an internal enterprise network.
l CA certificates: External CA certificates are similar to local certificates, except they apply to a broader range of
addresses or to whole company. A CA certificate would be issued for an entire web domain, instead of just a single
web page. External CA certificates can be deleted, downloaded, and their details can be viewed, in the same way
as local certificates.
l Remote certificates: These remote certificates are public certificates without private keys. They can be deleted,
imported, and downloaded, and their details can be viewed in the same way as local certificates.
The Certificates tab contains the following options:
+Create/Import From the dropdown, select Certificate, Generate CSR, CA Certificate, Remote
Certificate, and CRL.
See:
l Creating a certificate on page 203

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l Generating a CSR (Certificate Signing Request) on page 206

l Importing CA certificate on page 208
l Uploading a remote certificate on page 209
l Importing a CRL (Certificate revocation list) on page 209
Edit Select to edit the selected certificate.
Delete Select to delete the selected certificates.
View Details Select to see details about the selected certificate.
Download Select to download the selected certificate.
Search Use the search bar to look for a certificate.
Creating a certificate
To create a certificate
1. Go to System > Certificates.

2. From +Create/Import, select Certificate.
The Create Certificate wizard opens.
Choose Method
Automatically Provision Select Use Let's Encrypt to automatically create a certificate using the ACME
Certificate protocol with Let's Encrypt service.

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You will need to enable DDNS or purchase a domain.
Generate New Certificate Select Generate Certificate to generate a certificate using the self-signed
Fortinet_CA_SSL CA.
Using a server certificate from a trusted CA is strongly

recommended.
Import Certificate Select Import Certificate to import an existing certificate by uploading the file.
Certificate Details
Enter the certificate details and click Create to create a certificate.
Automatically Provision The certificate will be automatically provisioned using the ACME protocol with
Certificate the Let's Encrypt service. It is the easiest way to install a trusted certificate.
Certificate name The name of the certificate.
Domain The public FQDN of FortiPAM.
Note: The option is only available when the Chosen Method is Automatically
Provision Certificate.
Email The email address.
Note: The option is only available when the Chosen Method is Automatically
Provision Certificate.
Set ACME Interface If this is the first time enrolling a server certificate with Let's Encrypt on this
FortiPAM unit, the Set ACME Interface pane opens.
Note: The options in the pane are only available when the Chosen Method is
Automatically Provision Certificate.
ACME Interface Select + and from Select Entries, select ports, or create new interfaces on
which the ACME client will listen for challenges to provision and renew
certificates.
Click OK when you have selected interfaces.
Generate New Certificate
Certificate authority The certificate authority.

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Note: The option is only available when the Chosen Method is Generate New
Certificate.
Common name The common name of the certificate. Enter an FQDN or an IPv4 address.
The common name should match the FQDN or the IP

address of the primary SSL-VPN interface.
Certificate.
Subject alternative name An IP address or FQDN.
Subject alternative names (SAN) allow you to protect multiple host names with
a single SSL certificate. SAN is part of the X.509 certificate standard.
Certificate.
Update Your List of Trusted Select Download CA Certificate to download Fortinet_CA_SSL CA to your
Certificate Authorities computer.
Fortinet_CA_SSL is a local CA certificate. To avoid

certificate warnings, you must download it and install it on
each client machine.
Certificate.
Import Certificate
Type Select from the following three options:

l Local Certificate
l PKCS #12 Certificate

l Certificate
Note: The option is only available when the Chosen Method is Import
Certificate.
Certificate file Select +Upload and locate the certificate file on your local computer.
Certificate and the Type is either Local Certificate or Certificate.
Certificate with key file Select +Upload and locate the certificate with key file on your local computer.
Certificate and the Type is PKCS #12 Certificate.
Password Enter the password.
Certificate and the Type is either PKCS #12 Certificate or Certificate.
Confirm Password Reenter the password to confirm.

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Certificate and the Type is PKCS #12 Certificate or Certificate.
Key file Select +Upload and locate the key file on your local computer.
Certificate and the Type is Certificate.
Review
Enable ACME log to see logs related to the certificate created using the ACME protocol.
Note: The option is only available when Chosen Method is Automatically Provision Certificate.
Update Your List of Trusted If you have not already downloaded the Fortinet_CA_SSL CA to your
Certificate Authorities computer, select Download CA Certificate to download it.
Certificate.
4. Click OK.
Generating a CSR (Certificate Signing Request)
Whether you create certificates locally or obtain them from an external certificate service, you need to generate a
Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
When a CSR is generated, a private and public key pair is created for FortiPAM. The generated request includes the
public key of the device, and information such as the unit’s public static IP address, domain name, or email address. The
device private key remains confidential on the unit.
After the request is submitted to a CA, the CA verifies the information and register the contact information on a digital
certificate that contains a serial number, an expiration date, and the public key of the CA. The CA then signs the
certificate, after which you can install the certificate on FortiPAM.
To generate a CSR:

2. From +Create/Import, select Generate CSR.
The Generate Certificate Signing Request window opens.

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Certificate Name Enter a unique name for the certificate request, such as the host name or the
serial number of the device.
Do not include spaces in the certificate to ensure compatibilit

y as a PKCS12 file.
Subject Information
ID Type Select the ID type:
l Host IP: Select if the unit has a static IP address. Enter the device IP
address in the IP field (default).

l Domain Name: Enter the device domain name or FQDN in the Domain
Name field.
l E-mail: Enter the email address of the device administrator in the E-mail
field.
Optional Information
Optional information to further identify the device.
Organizational Unit The name of the department.
Up to 5 OUs can be added.
Organization The legal name of the company or organization.

Locality (City) The name of the city where the unit is located.
State/Province The name of the state or province where the unit is located.
Country/Region Enable and then enter the country where the unit is located. Select from the
dropdown.
The option is disabled by default.
E-mail The contact email address.

Subject Alternative Name One or more alternative names, separated by commas, for which the
certificate is also valid.
An alternative name can be: email address, IP address, URI, DNS name, or a
directory name.
Each name must be preceded by its type, for example: IP:1.2.3.4, or URL:
http://your.url.here/.
Password for private key The password for the private key.

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Key Type Select RSA or Elliptic Curve.

Note: The default is RSA.
Key Size If you selected RSA for the Key Type, select the Key size: 1024 Bit, 1536 Bit,
2048 Bit (default), or 4096 Bit.
Larger key sizes are more secure but slower to generate.
If you selected Elliptic Curve for the Key Type, select the Curve Name:
secp256r1 (default), secp384r1, or secp521r1.
Enrollment Method Select the enrollment method.

l File Based: Generate the certificate request (default).
l Online SCEP: Obtain a signed, Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol

(SCEP) based certificate automatically over the network. Enter the CA
server URL and challenge password in their respective fields.
4. Click OK.
Importing CA certificate
CA root certificates are similar to local certificates, however they apply to a broader range of addresses or to whole
company; they are one step higher up in the organizational chain. Using the local certificate example, a CA root
certificate would be issued for all of www.example.com instead of just the smaller single web page.
You can import a CA certificate to FortiPAM.
To import a CA certificate:

2. From +Create/Import, select CA Certificate.
The Import CA Certificate window opens.

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Type Select either Online SCEP or File.
URL of the SCEP server The URL of the SCEP server.

Note: The option is only available when the Type is Online SCEP.
Optional CA Identifier Optionally, enter the CA identifier.

Note: The option is only available when the Type is Online SCEP.
+Upload Select and locate the certificate file on your computer.

Note: The option is only available when the Type is File.
4. Click OK.
Uploading a remote certificate
Remote certificates are public certificates without a private key. Remote certificates can be uploaded to the FortiPAM
unit.
To upload a remote certificate:

2. From +Create/Import, select Remote Certificate.
The Upload Remote Certificate window opens.
3. Select +Upload and locate the certificate file on your computer.

4. Click OK.
Importing a CRL (Certificate revocation list)
Certificate revocation list (CRL) is a list of certificates that have been revoked and are no longer usable. This list includes
certificates that have expired, been stolen, or otherwise compromised. If your certificate is on this list, it will not be
accepted. CRLs are maintained by the CA that issues the certificates and includes the date and time when the next CRL
will be issued as well as a sequence number to help ensure you have the most current version of the CRL.
CRLs can be imported to FortiPAM.
To import a CRL:
1. Go System > Certificates.

2. From +Create/Import, select CRL.
The Import CRL window opens.

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Imported Method Select either File Based or Online Updating.
+Upload Select and locate the certificate file on your computer.

Note: The option is only available when the Imported Method is File Based.
HTTP
Enable HTTP updating and enter the URL of the HTTP server.
Note: The option disabled by default.
Note: The pane is only available when the Imported Method is Online Updating.
LDAP
Enable LDAP updating and select an LDAP server from the dropdown or create a new one.
Use the pen icon next to an LDAP server to edit the server.
Enter the Username and the Password.

SCEP
Enable SCEP updating and select a local certificate or create a new certificate for SCEP communication for the
online CRL.
Use the search bar to look for a certificate.
Enter the URL of the SCEP server.

4. Click OK.

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ZTNA
For an introduction to Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA), see Zero Trust Network Access introduction in the FortiOS
Admin Guide.
In System > ZTNA, you can set up ZTNA rules, ZTNA servers, and ZTNA tags.
The ZTNA tab looks like the following:
The following options are available in all the ZTNA tabs:
+Create New Select to create a ZTNA rule, ZTNA server, or a ZTNA tag depending on the tab
you are in.
See:
l Creating a ZTNA rule on page 211
l Creating a ZTNA server on page 215

l Creating a ZTNA tag group on page 220
Edit Select to edit the selected ZTNA rule, ZTNA server, or a ZTNA tag.
Delete Select to delete the selected ZTNA rules, ZTNA server, and ZTNA tags.
Search Use the search bar to look for a ZTNA rule, ZTNA server, or a ZTNA tag.
To narrow down your search in the ZTNA Servers and the

ZTNA Tags tabs, see Column filter.
Export From the dropdown, select to export the list of ZTNA rules to your computer as a
CSV file or a JSON file.
Note: The option may not be available in all the tabs.
Creating a ZTNA rule
A ZTNA rule is a proxy policy used to enforce access control. ZTNA tags or tag groups can be defined to enforce zero
trust role based access. Security profiles can be configured to protect this traffic.
A default FortiPAM_Default ZTNA rule is available in the ZTNA rules list.

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To configure a ZTNA rule:
1. Go to System > ZTNA and select the ZTNA Rules tab.

2. Select +Create New.
The New ZTNA Rule window opens.
Name The name of the ZTNA rule.
Names are not fixed and can be changed later.
Incoming Interface Select incoming interfaces or create new interfaces.
Source Select sources or create new sources (default = all).

You can select or create the following types of sources:
l Address
l Address Group
l User
l User Group
Use the search bar to look for a source.

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Use the pen icon next to the source to edit it.
ZTNA Tag Add the ZTNA tags or tag groups that are allowed access.
ZTNA tags are synchronized from the EMS side.
Use the search bar to look for a ZTNA tag.
Creating a ZTNA tag group on page 220

Match ZTNA tags If multiple tags are included, select Any or All (default = Any).
ZTNA Server From the dropdown, select a ZTNA server or create a ZTNA server.
Use the search bar to look for a ZTNA server.
Use the pen icon next to the server to edit it.
See Creating a ZTNA server on page 215.
Destination Select or create a destination.

You can select or create the following types of destinations:
l Address
l Address Group
l User
l User Group
Use the search bar to look for a destination.
Use the pen icon next to a destination to edit it.
Action Select from the following four actions to execute:

l ACCEPT (default)
l DENY
Protocol Options From the dropdown, select a protocol or create a new protocol.

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The default protocol is ready only.
Use the search bar to look for a protocol.
Note: The option is only available when Action is set as Accept.

SSL/SSH Inspection From the dropdown, select an SSL/SSH inspection profile (default = no-
inspection).
Use the search bar to look for an SSL/SSH inspection

profile.
Use the pen icon next to the SSL/SSH inspection profile to

edit it.
Logging Options
Log Allowed Traffic Enable to record any log messages about the accepted traffic.
Select from the following two options:
l Security Events: Record only log messages related to security events
caused by the accepted traffic (default).

l All Sessions: Record all log messages related to all of the accepted traffic.
Generate Logs when Session Enable to generate logs when the session starts.
Starts Note: The option is disabled by default.
Note: The option is only available when Log Allowed Traffic is enabled.
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the ZTNA rule.
Enable this policy Select to enable the policy.
Enable Policy Matching Pass Enable to make the policy a pass-through policy.
Through When traffic matches a pass-through policy, the firewall continues to the next
policy. After FortiPAM tries to match all policies, it will set the last matched
passthrough policy as the matched policy.
4. Click OK.

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Creating a ZTNA server
It is not suggested to create a new ZTNA server on GUI.
To configure a ZTNA server, define the access proxy VIP and the real servers that clients will connect to. The access
proxy VIP is the FortiPAM ZTNA gateway that clients make HTTPS connections to. The service/server mappings define
the virtual host matching rules and the real server mappings of the HTTPS requests.
To configure a ZTNA server:
1. Go to System > ZTNA and select the ZTNA Servers tab.

The New ZTNA Server window opens.

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Type IPv4 address type used to access the ZTNA server.

Note: The option is non-editable.
Name The name of the server.
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the server.
Client Certificate Enable/disable client certificate.

Network
External interface From the dropdown, select an external interface or create a new interface.
Note: The option is only available when the Type is IPv4.

External IP The external IP address.
External port The external port number the clients will connect to (default = 443).
SAML
SAML SSO server From the dropdown, select a SAML SSO server.
Use the search bar to look for a SAML SSO server.
Note: The option is only available when SAML is enabled.
Services and Servers

Default certificate From the dropdown, select or create a default certificate.
Clients will be presented with this certificate when they connect to the access
proxy VIP.
Use the search bar to look for a default certificate.

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Service/servermapping Select +Create New to create a new service/server mapping. See Creating a
service/server mapping on page 217.
To edit or delete a service/server mapping, select a

service/server mapping and then select Edit or Delete.
4. Click OK.
Creating a service/server mapping
To create a service/server mapping:
1. In step 3 when Creating a ZTNA server on page 215, select +Create New in Service/server mapping.
The New Service/Server Mapping window opens.

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Type IPv4 is the IP address type.

Service Select from the following three services:

l HTTP
l HTTPS (default)
l TCP Forwarding
Virtual Host Select from the following two options:

l Any Host : Any request that resolves to the access proxy VIP will be
mapped to your real servers.

For example, if both www.example1.com and www.example2.com
resolve to the VIP, then both requests are mapped to your real servers.
l Specify: Enter the name or IP address of the host that the request must
match in Host.
For example, if www.example1.com is entered as the host, then only
requests to www.example1.com will match.
Note: The option is not available when the Service is set as TCP Forwarding.
Match by Select either Substring or Wildcard based match.
Note: The option is only available when the Virtual Host is Specify.
Use certificate From the dropdown, select a certificate or create a new certificate.
Use the search bar to look for a certificate.
Note: The option is only available when the Virtual Host is Specify.
Match path by The path can be matched by one of the following three options:
l Substring
l Wildcard
l Regular Expression
Path The path.
For example, if the virtual host is specified as www.example1.com, and the
path substring is map1, then www.example1/map1 will be matched.
Servers
Select +Create New to create a new server. See Creating a server on page 219.
To edit or delete a server, select a server and then click Edit or Delete.

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Load balancing Enable and select one of the following load balancing methods:
l Round Robin: Distribute to server based round robin order.
l Weighted: Distribute to server based on weight.

l First Alive: Distribute to the first server that is alive.
l HTTP Host: Distribute to server based on the host field in the HTTP
header.
The option is only effective when there are multiple servers.

3. Click OK.
Creating a server
To create a server:
1. In step 2 when Creating a service/server mapping on page 217, select +Create New.
The New Server window opens.
2. In Type, select either IP or FQDN.

3. If the Type is IP, in IP, enter the server IP address.
If the Type is set as FQDN, from the Address dropdown, select an address or create an address.
Use the search bar to look for an address.
Use the pen icon next to the address to edit the address.
4. In Port, enter the server port number (default = 443, 1 - 65535).

5. In Status, set the status of the server from the following three options:
l Active (default)
l Standby
l Disable
6. Click OK.

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Creating a ZTNA tag group
After FortiPAM connects to the FortiClient EMS, it automatically synchronizes ZTNA tags.
Hover over a tag name to see more information about the tag, such as its resolved address.
To create a ZTNA group:
1. Go to System > ZTNA and select the ZTNA Tags tab.

2. Select +Create New Group.
The New ZTNA Tag Group window opens.
3. In Name, enter a name for the group.

4. In Members, select +, and from the Select Entries window, select members or create new members.
Use the search bar to look for a member.
5. Optionally, enter comments about the ZTNA tag group.

6. Click OK.
ZTNA user control
When EMS is set up on FortiPAM, you can only connect to FortiPAM and launch a secret from the endpoint PC with
allowed ZTNA tags. The endpoint PC must install FortiClient and connect to the same EMS server.
To set up EMS in the GUI:
1. Go to Security Fabric > Fabric Connectors.

2. Select FortiClient EMS and click Edit.
3. In Name, enter the EMS name.
4. In IP/Domain name, enter the IP address or the domain name of the EMS.
5. In HTTPS port, enter the HTTPS port for the EMS.
6. Click OK.
Refer to FortiClient EMS Status to check the status of the FortiClient EMS.

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If there is an error connecting to the EMS server, log in to the EMS server, authorize FortiPAM in Administration >
Fabric Device, and click Accept in Verify EMS Server Certificate.
For more information, see Fabric Connectors on page 253.
For clients not connected to the same EMS as FortiPAM, configure another access
proxy with a different VIP and client certificate disabled to launch secrets without
device control successfully.
To set EMS using the CLI:
1. In the CLI console, enter the following commands to configure an EMS:

config endpoint-control fctems
edit "ems_200"
set server "10.59.112.200"
next
end
2. After adding an EMS server, the CLI asks you to verify using execute fctems verify ems_200.
- example
execute fctems verify ems_200
Subject: C = US, ST = California, L = Sunnyvale, O = Fortinet, OU = FortiClient, CN
= FCTEMS8822002925, emailAddress = support@fortinet.com
Issuer: C = US, ST = California, L = Sunnyvale, O = Fortinet, OU = Certificate
Authority, CN = support, emailAddress = support@fortinet.com
Valid from: 2022-04-25 18:17:42 GMT
Valid to: 2038-01-19 03:14:07 GMT
Fingerprint: 35:12:95:DA:A5:2E:20:F9:8F:99:88:75:25:BC:D8:A3
Root CA: No
Version: 3
Serial Num:
a4:35:c8
Extensions:
Name: X509v3 Basic Constraints
Critical: no
Content:
CA:FALSE
EMS configuration needs user to confirm server certificate.
Do you wish to add the above certificate to trusted remote certificates? (y/n)y
Certificate successfully configured and verified.
If authentication is denied, log in to the EMS server and authorize FortiPAM in Administration > Fabric Device.
Using EMS tag for endpoint control
On an EMS server, you can create Zero Trust tagging rules for endpoints based on operating system versions, logged-in
domains, running processes, and other criteria. EMS uses the rules to dynamically group endpoints with different tags.
FortiPAM can use these ZTNA tags in firewall policy to control which endpoint has access. See ZTNA tag control
example on page 222.

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ZTNA tag control - example
To add a ZTNA tag control:
1. Go to System > ZTNA and select the ZTNA Servers tab.

2. Select the default fortipam_access_proxy server and click Edit.
3. In Client Certificate, select Enable.
4. Click OK.
After enabling Client Certificate, you are required to log in again.
5. In the certificate check pop-up that appears, click OK.
6. Log in to FortiPAM.
7. Go to System > ZTNA and select the ZTNA Rules tab.
8. Select the default FortiPAM_Default rule and click Edit.
9. In ZTNA Tag, add the ZTNA tags or tag groups that are allowed access.
You can choose whether to match all the tags or any by selecting All or Any for Match ZTNA tags.
Only endpoints with the added tags can access FortiPAM.
10. Click OK.
On the ZTNA Tags tab, you can find all the ZTNA tags from EMS server and create ZTNA tag group.
See Creating a ZTNA tag group on page 220.
To add ZTNA tag control using the CLI:
In the access proxy, client-cert must be enabled. You can use ztna-ems-tag to give FortiPAM access to
endpoints with this tag.
1. In the CLI console enter the following commands:
set client-cert enable <---
config api-gateway
edit 1
set url-map "/pam"
set service pam-service
next
edit 2
set url-map "/tcp"
set service tcp-forwarding
config realservers
edit 1
set address "all"
next
end
next
edit 3
set service gui
config realservers
edit 1
set ip 127.0.0.1
set port 80
next
end

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next
end
next
end
config firewall policy
edit 1
set name "FortiPAM_Default"
set srcintf "any"
set srcaddr "all"
set dstaddr "all"
set action accept
set schedule "always"
set access-proxy "fortipam_access_proxy"
set ztna-ems-tag "FCTEMS8822002925_pam-ems-tag-office" <---
set utm-status enable
set groups "SSO_Guest_Users"
set ssl-ssh-profile "deep-inspection"
next
end
ZTNA-based FortiPAM access control
When ZTNA control is enforced on FortiPAM, devices without FortiClient installed cannot access FortiPAM.
If you want to grant access to the user using the browser extension-only solution, you can
create multiple ZTNA servers and ZTNA rules to achieve it.
GUI only supports basic ZTNA configuration. It is recommended to use CLI to configure
additional ZTNA rules (config firewall policy) and ZTNA servers (config
firewall access-proxy).
CLI configuration for a user from endpoint installed with FortiClient - example
In this example, a user from an endpoint installed with FortiClient can access FortiPAM via VIP 192.168.1.109
provided that the endpoint contains FCTEMS8822008307_Office_Windows_PC or FCTEMS8822008307_MIS_Team
ZTNA tag.
config firewall vip
edit "fortipam_vip"
set extip 192.168.1.109
set extintf "any"
set extport 443
next

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end
set client-cert enable
config api-gateway
edit 1
set url-map "/pam"
next
edit 2
set url-map "/tcp"
config realservers
edit 1
set address "all"
next
end
next
edit 3
set service gui
config realservers
edit 1
set ip 127.0.0.1
set port 80
next
end
next
end
next
end
edit 1
set name "FortiPAM_Default"
set srcintf "any"
set srcaddr "all"
set dstaddr "all"
set action accept
set access-proxy "fortipam_access_proxy"
set ztna-ems-tag "FCTEMS8822008307_Office_Windows_PC" "FCTEMS8822008307_MIS_
Team"
next
end
CLI configuration for a user with browser extension-only solution - example
In this example, users with IP address 192.168.1.2 access FortiPAM via the VIP 192.168.1.108 from an endpoint
with no FortiClient installed or no match with the ZTNA policy in the previous example.
The firewall policy is more restrictive than the previous example and allows fewer source addresses. Also, you can set it
up to allow access within a certain schedule only.

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config firewall vip
edit "fortipam_vip-no-ztna"
set extip 192.168.1.108
set extintf "any"
set extport 443
next
end
edit "fortipam_access_proxy-no-ztna"
set vip "fortipam_vip-no-ztna"
config api-gateway
edit 1
set url-map "/pam"
next
edit 2
set url-map "/tcp"
config realservers
edit 1
set address "all"
next
end
next
edit 3
set service gui
config realservers
edit 1
set ip 127.0.0.1
set port 80
next
end
next
end
next
end
config firewall address
edit "192.168.1.2"
set subnet 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
next
end
edit 2
set name "no ZTNA"
set srcintf "any"
set srcaddr "192.168.1.2"
set dstaddr "all"
set action accept
set access-proxy "fortipam_access_proxy-no-ztna"

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next
end
Backup
FortiPAM configuration contains not only the system settings but also all user information and secret data. It is crucial to
have a backup to avoid data loss. Whenever a hardware failure or system relocation is needed, a new FortiPAM can be
easily set up by restoring the previous backup configuration. In the case of accidentally deleting data, you can retrieve
the original configuration from the backup and paste the data back.
FortiPAM has two ways to back up its configuration:
l Manually trigger from the user menu. See Backup and restore in Admin on page 12.
l Configure automatically and periodically backup to an FTP, SFTP, HTTP or HTTPS server in System > Backup as
discussed here.
System Events, secret logs, and videos are not contained in backup configuration file.
Whenever restoring a backup configuration, keep in mind that the secret password or key may
not be the most recent one.
To ensure that all credentials are correct in a configuration file, you can enable maintenance mode first so that no
password changer is executed. And then manually trigger the configuration backup. See Activate maintenance mode in
Admin on page 12.
Generally speaking, the configuration should be backed up consistently and regularly to

minimize the amount of data loss between backup copies. The lesser the frequency of backup
configurations, the more the risk for data loss when recovering from a backup.
To update automated backup settings:
1. Go to System > Backup.

The Edit Automated Backup window opens.

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Status Enable or disable automatic backup.

Backup Type Select from the following two options:

l Time based trigger: FortiPAM sends the backup configuration to the
server every Interval minutes.

l Change based trigger: FortiPAM checks the configuration every Interval
minutes and if the configuration has changed, FortiPAM sends it to the
server (default).
Interval The time interval required in backup, in minutes (default = 60, 60 -

4294967295).
Server Type Select from the following server types:

l FTP server
l SFTP server
l HTTP server
l HTTPS server (default)
To successfully configure an HTTP/HTTPS server to backup

with user authentication, ensure that you have filled in the
username and password fields. The backup process will not
function correctly if you leave either field empty.
Alternatively, you can leave both fields empty if you want to
avoid user authentication.
Encrypt File Enable and enter cipher key to encrypt the backup file.
The administrator must enter the same cipher key when

restoring the configuration to FortiPAM.

Fortinet Inc.
System
Server Address The IP address of the server.
Server Path The path to store the backup file in the server.
Identifier Name The variable name that server uses to identify the file.
Note: Only required for HTTP/HTTPS server type.
Username Username to log in to the server.
Password Password to log in to the server.
Filename Filename pattern of the backup configuration.

Valid variables are: $SN $YYYY $MM $DD $hh $mm $ss $ID.
Note: The $ID variable is mandatory in the filename pattern
Enter $ to get the list of variables.
Limit ID Enable to limit the value of $ID in the file name.

The option allows administrators to set a maximum number of backup files
(default = 1, 1 - 4294967295) to be stored on a backup server using specific
filename patterns.
For example, if the backup filename follows the format PAM-$SN-$ID.conf,
where $ID represents the backup ID, when $ID reaches the maximum limit, it
is reset to 0. The new backup file overwrites the old backup file using the same
name.
Last backup version The last backup version (noneditable).
Last updated time The date and time when automatic backup was last done (noneditable).
3. Click Apply.
Configuring automated backup settings on the CLI
config system backup

set status {enable | disable}
set cipher <passwd>
set type {time-based | change-based}
set server-type {ftp | sftp | http | https}
set server-address <string>
set server-path <path>
set server-copyname <string>
set server-user <string>
set server-pass <passwd>
set filename-pattern {$SN $YYYY $MM $DD $hh $mm $ss $ID}
set interval <integer>
set max-id <integer>
set backup-id <integer>
set last-version <integer>
set updated-time <integer>
end

Fortinet Inc.
System
Variables Description
status {enable | disable} Enable/disable automatic backup (default = enable).
cipher <passwd> Enter the cipher key.
type {time-based | change- Set the backup type:

based} l time-based: Time based trigger.
l change-based: Change based trigger (default).
server-type {ftp | sftp | http | https} Set the server type:

l ftp
l sftp
l http
l https (default)
server-address <string> Enter the address of file server.
server-path <path> Enter the path of file server (default = /).
server-copyname <string> Enter the copy name of the file (default = files).
server-user <string> Enter the username of the server account.
server-pass <passwd> Enter the password of the server account.
filename-pattern {$SN $YYYY Enter the file name pattern of the backup configuration (default = $ID.conf).
$MM $DD $hh $mm $ss $ID} Note: The $ID variable is mandatory in the filename pattern.
interval<integer> Enter an interval for the backup, in minutes (60 - 4294967295, default = 60).
max-id <integer> Enter the limit for backup-id (default = 0).

Note: Use 0 to set no limit.
backup-id <integer> The current backup id number.

Note: The variable cannot be modified.
last-version <integer> The last backup version.

updated-time <integer> The time when the last update was done.
Example CLI configuration - Example
Backup to SFTP/FTP server

set status enable
set server-type sftp
set server-address "10.59.112.254"
set server-path "backup/"
set server-user "sftp_user"
set server-pass <sftp_user_password>
set filename-pattern "$SN-$YYYY-$MM-$DD-$hh-$mm-$ss-$ID.conf"
end

Fortinet Inc.
System
Backup to HTTPS/HTTP server

set status enable
set server-address "10.59.112.254"
set server-path "/http_user/upload.php"
set file-field-name "file"
set server-user "http_user"
set server-pass QA@fortinet
set filename-pattern "$SN-$ID.conf"
end
If user authentication is not required for HTTP and HTTPS servers, server-user and server-pass variables are not
required.
Following is an example of php file to accept the submitted backup file.
fwd-svr@fwdsvr-virtual-machine:/var/www/html/http_user$ cat upload.php
<?php
$name = $_FILES['file']['name'];
$temp = $_FILES['file']['tmp_name'];
if(move_uploaded_file($temp,"backup/".$name)){
echo "Your file was uploaded";
}
else
{
echo "Your file couldn't upload";
}
?>
Sending backup file to a server - Example
The example shows how an administrator can verify system backup configuration and the connection to the backup
server.
To send a backup file to a server:

diagnose debug enable
diagnose test application wad 1000
....
....
Process [13]: type=secret-approval(14) index=0 pid=1080 state=running
diagnosis=yes debug=enable valgrind=supported/disabled
2. Find the process with the type secret-approval and the index.
In the example above, the process type is 14 and index is 0.
3. Generate the diagnosis process using 2<process type><index>.
In the example above, the diagnosis process is 21400.
4. Enter the following command:
Set diagnosis process: type=secret-approval index=0 pid=1080

Fortinet Inc.
System

diagnose test application wad
WAD process 1080 test usage:
....
701: Test sending file using backup config
Sending backup to server using system.backup settings manually.
Finished sending backup to server. Check to see if backup file was successfully
uploaded.
Additionally, you can check System Events in Log & Report > Events to determine whether the system configuration
backup process was successful.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
Go to Network to configure network related settings for FortiPAM.

The menu provides features for configuring and viewing basic network settings, such as the unit interfaces, Domain
Name System (DNS) options, packet capture, and static routes.
The Network tab contains the following tabs:
l Interfaces on page 232
l DNS settings on page 236
l Packet capture on page 239
l Static routes on page 242
Interfaces
In Network > Interfaces, you can configure the interfaces that handle incoming and outgoing traffic.
For each interface/zone; name, type, members, IP/Netmask, administrative access, and references are displayed.
The following options are available in the Interface tab:
+Create New Select to create an interface or a zone. See Creating an interface on page 233
and Creating a zone on page 236.
Edit Select to edit the selected interface or zone.
Delete Select to delete the selected interfaces or zones.
Search Use the search bar to look for an interface or a zone.
Group By Type From the dropdown, group the list of interfaces or zones by type, role, status, or
zone.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
You may also choose to set no grouping.
Creating an interface
To create an interface:
1. Go to Network > Interfaces.

2. From +Create New, select Interface.
The New Interface window opens.
Name Name of the interface.
Alias Enter an alternate name for a physical interface on the FortiPAM device. This
field appears when you edit an existing interface. The alias does not appear in
logs.
The maximum length of the alias is 25 characters.
Type From the dropdown, select a configuration type:

l 802.3ad Aggregate
l Redundant Interface
l VLAN (default)
VLAN protocol Select either 802.1Q or 802.1AD.

Note: The field is available when Type is set to VLAN.
Interface Select the name of the physical interface that you want to add a VLAN
interface to. Once created, the VLAN interface is listed below its physical
interface in the Interface list.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
You cannot change the physical interface of a VLAN

interface.
Use the pen icon next to an interface to edit the interface.
VLAN ID Enter the VLAN ID. The VLAN ID can be any number between 1 and 4094 and
must match the VLAN ID added by the IEEE 802.1Q-compliant router or
switch that is connected to the VLAN subinterface.
The VLAN ID can be edited after the interface is added.
Interface members Select members for some interface types.

Note: The field is available when Type is set to 802.3ad Aggregate or
Redundant Interface.
Role Set the role setting for the interface. Different settings will be shown or hidden
when editing an interface depending on the role:
l LAN: Used to connected to a local network of endpoints. It is default role
for new interfaces.

l WAN: Used to connected to the internet. When WAN is selected, the
Estimated bandwidth setting is available, and Create address object
matching subnet is not available.
l DMZ: Used to connected to the DMZ.
l Undefined: The interface has no specific role. When selected, Create
address object matching subnet is not available.
Estimated bandwidth The estimated WAN bandwidth, in kbps (upstream and downstream).
The values can be entered manually, or saved from a speed test executed on
the interface. These values are used to estimate WAN usage.
Note: The option is only available when the Role is set as WAN.
Address
Addressing mode Select the addressing mode for the interface.
l Manual: Add an IP address and netmask for the interface.
l DHCP: Get the interface IP address and other network settings from a
DHCP server.
IP/Netmask If Addressing mode is set to Manual, enter an IPv4 address and subnet mask
for the interface.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
FortiPAM interfaces cannot have IP addresses on the same

subnet.
Note: The option is only available when the Addressing mode is Manual.
Retrieve default gateway Enable to retrieve the default gateway from the server.
from server The default gateway is added to the static routing table.
Note: The option is only available when the Addressing mode is DHCP.
Distance Enter the administrative distance for the default gateway retrieved from the
DHCP server (default = 5, 1 - 255).
Distance specifies the relative priority of a route when there are multiple routes
to the same destination. A lower administrative distance indicates a more
preferred route.
Note: The option is only available when Retrieve default gateway from server
is enabled.
Override internal DNS Enable to use the DNS addresses retrieved from the DHCP server instead of
the DNS server IP addresses on the DNS page.
Note: The option is only available when the Addressing mode is DHCP.
Create address object Enable to automatically create an address object that matches the interface
matching subnet subnet.
Note: The option is available when Role is set to LAN or DMZ.
Secondary IP address Add additional IPv4 addresses to this interface.
Note: The option is only available when the Addressing mode is Manual.
Administrative Access
IPv4 Select the types of administrative access permitted for IPv4 connections to this
interface.
Miscellaneous
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the source interface.
Status Enable/disable the source interface.
4. Click OK.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
Creating a zone
To create a zone:
1. Go to Network > Interface.

2. From +Create New, select Zone.
The New Zone window opens.
Name Name of the zone. You can change the name of the zone after creating it.
Interface members Select the ports to be included in the zone or create new ports.
Comments Optionally, enter a description about the zone.
4. Click OK.
DNS settings
Domain name system (DNS) is used by devices to locate websites by mapping a domain name to a website’s IP
address.
You can specify the IP addresses of the DNS servers to which your FortiPAM unit connects.
To configure DNS settings, go to Network > DNS Settings.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
To configure DNS settings:
1. Go to Network > DNS Settings.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
2. In the DNS Settings window, enter the following information:
DNS servers Select Use FortiGuard Severs or Specify. If you select Specify, enter the IP
addresses for the primary and secondary DNS servers.
Primary DNS server Enter the IPv4 or IPv6 address for the primary DNS server.
Note: For an IPv4 address, the option is only available to edit when DNS
servers is Specify.
Secondary DNS server Enter the IPv4 or IPv6 address for the secondary DNS server.
Note: For an IPv4 address, the option is only available to edit when DNS
servers is Specify.
Local domain name The domain name to append to addresses with no domain portion when
performing DNS lookups.
Select + to add additional local domain names.
You can add up to 8 local domain names.
DNS Protocols
DNS (UDP/53) Enable or disable the use of clear-text DNS over port 53.
Note: The option is disabled by default and only available to edit when DNS
servers is Specify.
TLS (TCP/853) Enable or disable the use of DNS over TLS (DoT).
Note: The option is enabled by default and only available to edit when DNS
servers is Specify.
HTTPS (TCP/443) Enable or disable the use of DNS over HTTPS (DoH).
Note: The option is disabled by default and only available to edit when DNS
servers is Specify.
SSL certificate From the dropdown, select an SSL certificate or click Create to import a
certificate (default = Fortinet_Factory).
SSL certificate is used by the DNS proxy as a DNS server so that the DNS
proxy can provide service over TLS as well as normal UDP/TCP.
Use the search bar to look for an SSL certificate.
Server hostname The host name of the DNS server (default = globalsdns.fortinet.net).

Fortinet Inc.
Network
You can add up to 4 server hostnames.
3. Click Apply.
To use API preview:
1. Click API Preview.

The API Preview pane opens, and the values for the fields are visible (data). If a new object is being created, the
POST request is shown.
2. Enable Show modified changes only (enabled by default) to show the modified changes instead of the full
configuration in the preview.
3. Click Copy to Clipboard to copy the JSON code shown on the preview screen to the clipboard.
4. Click Close to leave the preview.
Packet capture
You can create a filter on an interface to capture a specified number of packets to examine.
Go to Network > Packet Capture to see existing packet capture filters.
For each packet capture filter the following are displayed:
l Interfaces
l Host filter
l Post filter
l VLAN filter
l Protocol filter
l Packets
l Maximum packet count
l Status

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Network
The following options are available in the Packet Capture tab:
+Create New Select to create a new packet capture filter. See Creating a packet capture filter
on page 240.
Edit Select to edit the selected packet capture filter.
Clone Select to clone the selected packet capture filter.
Delete Select to delete the selected packet capture filter.
Search Use the search bar to look for a packet capture filter.
Creating a packet capture filter
To create a packet capture filter:
1. Go to Network > Packet Capture.

The New Packet Capture Filter window opens.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
Interface Select or create a new interface.
Maximum Captured Packets Enter how many packets to collect (default = 4000, 1 - 1000000).
Filters Enable Filters, you can create filters for host names, ports, VLAN identifiers,
and protocols.
Use commas to separate items. Use a hyphen to specify a ra

nge.
Include Non-IP Packets Select this option if you want to include packets from non-IP protocols.
API Preview The API Preview allows you to view all REST API requests being used by the
page. You can make changes on the page that are reflected in the API request
preview.
This feature is not available if the user is logged in as an adm

inistrator that has read-only GUI permissions.
4. Click OK.
To use API preview:


Fortinet Inc.
Network
Static routes
Go to Network > Static Routing to see a list of static routes that control the flow of traffic through the FortiPAM device.
For each static route; destination, gateway IP address, interface, status, and comments are displayed.
The following options are available in the Static Routes tab:
+Create New From the dropdown, select to create an IPv4 static route. See Creating an IPv4
static route on page 242.
Edit Select to edit the selected static route.
Clone Select to clone the selected static route.
Delete Select to delete the selected static route.
Search Use the search bar to look for a static route.
Creating an IPv4 static route
To create an IPv4 static route:
1. Go to Network > Static Routes.

2. Select Create New to create a new IPv4 static route.
The New Static Route window opens.

Fortinet Inc.
Network
Destination The destination IP addresses and network masks of packets that the FortiPAM
unit intercepts.
Enter the IPv4 address and netmask of the new static route.
Gateway Address The IP addresses of the next-hop routers to which intercepted packets are
forwarded.
Enter the gateway IP address for those packets that you intend to intercept.
Note: Gateway Address is unavailable when the Interface is Blackhole.
Interface The interface the static route is configured to.

Select + and in Select Entries, select the interface or create a new interface.
A blackhole route is a route that drops all traffic sent to it. Blackhole routes are
used to dispose of packets instead of responding to suspicious inquiries. This
provides added security since the originator will not discover any information
from the target network. Blackhole routes can also limit traffic on a subnet. If
some subnet addresses are not in use, traffic to those addresses, which may
be valid or malicious, can be directed to a blackhole for added security and to
reduce traffic on the subnet.
Administrative Distance The number of hops the static route has to the configured gateway.
The administrative distance is used to determine the cost of the route. Smaller
distances are considered "better" route that should be used when multiple
paths exist to the same destination (default = 10, 1 - 255).
The route with same distance are considered as equal-cost multi-path
(ECMP).
Comments Optionally, enter a description about the static route.
Status Enable/disable the static route.
Advanced Options
Priority A number for the priority of the static route. Routes with a larger number will
have a lower priority. Routes with the same priority are considered as ECMP
(default = 1 when creating an IPv4 static route, 1 - 65535).
Priority can only be customized for statically configured route

s. The priority of routes dynamically learned from the routing
protocols is always 1.

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Network
API Preview The API Preview allows you to view all REST API requests being used by the
page. You can make changes on the page that are reflected in the API request
preview.
The feature is not available if the user is logged in as an

administrator that has read-only GUI permissions.
4. Click OK.
To use API preview:


Fortinet Inc.
Security profile
Security profile
The section contains information about configuring FortiPAM security features, including:
l AntiVirus on page 245
AntiVirus
FortiPAM offers the unique ability to prevent, detect, and remove malware when you transfer files between local PCs and
privileged servers. FortiPAM will detect the potential malware uploaded to or downloaded from the related secret server
if a secret is configured with an antivirus profile. Examples of file launchers include WinSCP, Web SMB, and Web SFTP.
For each antivirus profile; name, comments, and references are displayed.
A default antivirus profile is available that blocks malware transmission.
Once configured, you can add the antivirus profile to a secret. See Enabling antivirus scan in a secret on page 247.
You can also customize these profiles or create your profile to inspect specific protocols, remove viruses, analyze
suspicious files with FortiSandbox, and apply botnet protection to network traffic. Note that for Web SMB and Web SFTP
launchers, you must inspect the HTTP protocol in the AV profile. While for WinSCP launcher, SSH protocol needs to be
inspected.
The AntiVirus tab contains the following options:
Create New Select to create a new antivirus profile.

See Creating an antivirus profile on page 246.
Edit Select to edit the selected antivirus profile.
Clone Select to clone the selected antivirus profile.
Delete Select to delete the selected antivirus profiles.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the antivirus
profile list.

Fortinet Inc.
Security profile
Creating an antivirus profile
To create an antivirus profile:
1. Go to Security Profiles > AntiVirus and select Create New to create a new antivirus profile.
The Create AntiVirus Profile window opens.
Name The name of the antivirus profile.
Comments Optionally, enter comments about the antivirus profile.
AntiVirus Scan Service

For HTTP and SSH protocols, set the antivirus service as disable, block, or monitor (default = Disable):
l Disable: Disable antivirus scanning and monitoring.
l Block: When a virus is detected, prevent the infected files from uploading to or downloading from the target
server. A security log is recorded and available in Log & Report > ZTNA.
l Monitor: When a virus is detected, allow the infected files. A security log is recorded and available Log &
Report > ZTNA.
Notes:
l HTTP protocol applies to Web SFTP and Web SMB launchers.
l SCP protocol applies to the WinSCP launcher.
3. Click OK.
AV protection via the CLI - Example

config antivirus profile
edit <profile-name>
config http
set av-scan block
end
config ssh
set av-scan block
end
next
end

Fortinet Inc.
Security profile
Enabling antivirus scan in a secret
To enable antivirus scan in a secret:

3. In the Secret Settings pane, enable Antivirus Scan.

4. From the Antivirus Profile dropdown, select an antivirus profile. See Creating an antivirus profile on page 246.
5. Click Save.

Fortinet Inc.
Security profile
Data loss prevention (DLP) protection for secrets
DLP, or Data Loss Prevention, is a cybersecurity solution that detects and prevents data breaches. Since it blocks the
extraction of sensitive data, users can use it for internal security and regulatory compliance.
The filters in a DLP sensor can examine traffic for the following:
l Known files using DLP fingerprinting
l Known files using DLP watermarking
l Particular file types
l Particular file names
l Files larger than a specified size
l Data matching a specified regular expression
l Credit card and Social Security numbers
DLP is primarily used to stop sensitive data from leaving your network. DLP can also prevent unwanted data from
entering your network and archive some or all of the content that passes through the FortiPAM. DLP archiving is
configured per filter, which allows a single sensor to archive only the required data. You can configure the DLP archiving
protocol in the CLI. Note, currently, DLP can only be configured in the CLI and can be applied to file-transfer-based
launchers (WinSCP, Web SFTP, and Web SMB).
DLP related configurations can only be set via the CLI.
The following basic filter types can be configured in the CLI:

l File type and name: A file type filter allows you to block, allow, log, or quarantine based on the file type specified in
the file filter list. See Supported file types on page 250.
l File size: A file size filter checks for files that exceed the specific size and performs the DLP sensor's configured
action on them.
l Regular expression: A regular expression filter filters files or messages based on the configured regular
expression pattern.
l Credit card and SSN: The credit card sensor can match the credit card number formats used by American
Express, Mastercard, and Visa. It can be used to filter files or messages.
The SSN sensor can be used to filter files or messages for Social Security numbers.
DLP via the CLI - Example
To configure a file type and name filter:
1. In the CLI console, enter the following commands to create a file pattern to filter files based on the file name pattern
or file type. In this example, we intend to filter for GIFs and PDFs:
config dlp filepattern
edit 11
set name "sample_config"
config entries
edit "*.gif"
set filter-type pattern

Fortinet Inc.
Security profile
next
edit "pdf"
set filter-type type
set file-type pdf
next
end
next
end
2. Create the DLP sensor (Note: http-get and http-post protocols apply to Web SFTP and Web SMB launchers):
config dlp sensor

edit <name>
config filter
edit <id>
set name <string>
set proto {http-get http-post ssh}
set filter-by file-type
set file-type 11
set action {allow | log-only | block | quarantine-ip}
next
end
next
end
To configure a file size filtering:
1. In the CLI console, use the following commands:

config dlp sensor
edit <name>
config filter
edit <id>
set name <string>
set filter-by file-size
set file-type 11
next
end
next
end
To configure regular expression filtering:

config dlp sensor
edit <name>
config filter
edit <id>
set name <string>
set type {file | message}
set filter-by regexp
set regexp <string>
next
end

Fortinet Inc.
Security profile
next
end
To configure credit card or SSN filtering:

config dlp sensor
edit <name>
config filter
edit <id>
set name <string>
set type {file | message}
set filter-by {credit-card | ssn}
next
end
next
end
Supported file types
The following file types are supported in DLP profiles:
Type Description
.net Match .NET files
7z Match 7-Zip files
activemime Match ActiveMime files
arj Match ARJ compressed files
aspack Match ASPack files
avi Match AVI files
base64 Match Base64 files
bat Match Windows batch files
binhex Match BinHex files
bmp Match BMP files
bzip Match Bzip files
bzip2 Match Bzip2 files
cab Match Windows CAB files
chm Match Windows compiled HTML help files
class Match CLASS files
cod Match COD files

Fortinet Inc.
Security profile
Type Description
crx Match Chrome extension files
dmg Match Apple disk image files
elf Match ELF files
exe Match Windows executable files
flac Match FLAC files
fsg Match FSG files
gif Match GIF files
gzip Match Gzip files
hlp Match Windows help files
hta Match HTA files
html Match HTML files
iso Match ISO archive files
jad Match JAD files
javascript Match JavaScript files
jpeg Match JPEG files
lzh Match LZH compressed files
mach-o Match Mach object files
mime Match MIME files
mov Match MOV files
mp3 Match MP3 files
mpeg Match MPEG files
msi Match Windows Installer MSI Bzip files
msoffice Match MS-Office files. For example, DOC, XLS, PPT, and so on.
msofficex Match MS-Office XML files. For example, DOCX, XLSX, PPTX, and so on.
pdf Match PDF files
petite Match Petite files
png Match PNG files
rar Match RAR archives
rm Match RM files
sis Match SIS files

Fortinet Inc.
Security profile
Type Description
tar Match TAR files
tiff Match TIFF files
torrent Match torrent files
unknown* Match unknown files
upx Match UPX files
uue Match UUE files
wav Match WAV files
wma Match WMA files
xar Match XAR archive files
xz Match XZ files
zip Match ZIP files
*
This file type is only available in DLP profiles.

Fortinet Inc.
Security fabric
The Security Fabric allows your network to automatically see and dynamically isolate affected devices, partition network
segments, update rules, push out new policies, and remove malware.
The Security Fabric is designed to cover the entire attack surface and provide you with complete visibility into your
network. It allows you to collect, share, and correlate threat intelligence between security and network devices, centrally
manage and orchestrate policies, automatically synchronize resources to enforce policies, and coordinate a response to
threats detected anywhere across the extended network. The unified management interface provides you with
cooperative security alerts, recommendations, audit reports, and full policy control across the Security Fabric that will
give you confidence that your network is secure.
See Fabric Connectors on page 253.
Fabric Connectors
Fabric connectors provide integration with Fortinet products to automate the process of managing dynamic security
updates without manual intervention.
In HA and DR setup, the EMS configuration, such as server name and IP, can be synced to secondary and DR nodes.
However, secondary and DR nodes need to be authorized by EMS individually. It is recommended that after configuring
HA, admin test failover, log in to the new primary, and follow the same procedure to authorize secondary and DR nodes
on the EMS server.
To create a FortiClient EMS fabric connector:

2. In the Core Network Security pane, select FortiClient EMS and then select Edit.
The New Fabric Connector pane opens.
Type Select from the following two options:

Fortinet Inc.
Security fabric
l FortiClient EMS
l FortiClient EMS Cloud
The FortiClient EMS Cloud option requires FortiClient

EMS Cloud entitlement.
Name The name of the FortiClient EMS connector.
IP/Domain name The IP address or the domain name of the FortiClient EMS.
HTTPS port The HTTPS port number for the FortiClient EMS (default = 443, 1 - 65535).
EMS Threat Feed Enable to allow FortiPAM to pull FortiClient malware hash from FortiClient
EMS.
Synchronize firewall Enable to automatically create and synchronize firewall addresses for all EMS
addresses tags.
4. Click OK.
FortiPAM attempts to verify the EMS server certificate.
To delete a fabric connector, select Delete to delete the selected fabric connector.
5. Relogin to the EMS server.

Fabric Device Authorization Requests prompt appears.

Fortinet Inc.
Security fabric
6. In Fabric Device Authorization Requests, click Authorize to authorize FortiPAM connection.

7. In the Edit Fabric Connector pane on FortiPAM (for the newly configured connector), click Authorize in FortiClient
EMS Status.
Verify EMS Server Certificate window appears.
8. In the Verify EMS Server Certificate window, select Accept to accept the certificate from the EMS-side.
FortiPAM is now successfully connected to the EMS server.
FortiAnalyzer logging
FortiAnalyzer is a remote logging server that helps keep an extra copy of logs and videos from FortiPAM.
To configure FortiAnalyzer logging:

Core Network Security opens.

Fortinet Inc.
Security fabric
2. Select FortiAnalyzer Logging and select Edit.

The Edit Fabric Connector window opens.
3. In the FortiAnalyzer Settings pane, set the Status as Enabled.

Server Enter the server IP address or the FQDN.

Select Test Connectivity to test the connection to the server.
Upload option The option is set to Store & Upload Logs.

Upload interval Select an upload interval:

l Daily (default)
l Weekly
l Monthly
Day From the dropdown, select a day.
Note: The option is only available when the Upload interval is Weekly.
Date From the dropdown, select a date.
Note: The option is only available when the Upload interval is Monthly.
Time Enter a time or select the clock icon to select a time.
Allow access to FortiPAM Enable/disable FortiPAM REST API access (default = enable).
REST API
Verify FortiAnalyzer Enable/disable verifying the FortiAnalyzer certificate (default = enable).
certificate

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Security fabric
Note: The option is only available when Allow access to FortiPAM REST API
is enabled.
5. Click OK.
6. In the window that opens, verify the FortiAnalyzer serial number and click Accept.
7. Check the FortiAnalyzer Status. If the connection is unauthorized, click Authorize to log in to FortiAnalyzer and
authorize FortiPAM.
To configure FortiAnalyzer logging via the CLI - Example
config log fortianalyzer setting

set status enable
set server faz.fortipam.ca
end

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Log & report
Logging and reporting are valuable components to help you understand what is happening on your network and to
inform you about network activities, such as system and user events.
Reports show the recorded activity in a more readable format. A report gathers all the log information that it needs, then
presents it in a graphical format with a customizable design and automatically generated charts showing what is
happening on the network.
Go to Log & Report to access the following tabs:
l Events on page 258
l ZTNA on page 263
l SSH on page 265
l Reports on page 265
l Log settings on page 267
l Email alert settings on page 270
Events
The following two tabs are available in Events:

l Summary
The Summary tab displays the top five most frequent events in each type of event log and a line chart to show
aggregated events by each severity level. Clicking on a peak in the line chart will display the specific event count for
the selected severity level.
There is an option for the line chart to change the time filter in which the events occurred, from 5 minutes to 7 days.
The System Events log contains events such as:

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Log & report
l Upgrade and downgrade of the system

l Change of system configuration, such as timezone and FortiPAM recording settings
l Deletion of outdated video files
l Report generation
l Reload of AntiVirus database
And more.
The User Events log contains events such as:
l IP address and time when the user logs in or logs out
l Login failure reason
l User login as a normal user or API user
And more.
The HA Events log contains events such as:
l Change in HA clusters
l Synchronization status with the HA peers
And more.
The following options and widgets are available in the Summary tab:
Disk Logs sourced from the disk.
Time frame From the dropdown, select from the following time filters:
l 5 minutes
l 1 hour
l 24 hours
l 7 days
System Events Top system events by count.
User Events Top user events by count.
HA Events Top HA events by count.
In System Events, User Events, or HA Events widgets, select an event to open the
corresponding details tab with all the logs for the event listed in a table.
l Details
The tab displays the related information of each log for a specific event type. The event type can be toggled with the
event type dropdown located right of the search bar. Different filters can be added, such as date/time to filter logs in
a time range.

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Log & report
The following options are available in the Details tab:
Download log Select to export the selected log entry to your computer as a text file.
+Add Filter From the dropdown, select a filter, select or add additional details about the
filter to be used and hit Enter.
Note: Logs can be filtered by date and time. The log viewer can be filtered with
a custom range or with specific time frames.
Time frame settings for each Log & Report page are
independent. For example, changing the time frame on the
System Events page does not automatically change the time
frame on the User Events and HA Events pages.
System Events From the dropdown, select from the following event types to display:
l System Events
l User Events
l HA Events
Log location Logs sourced from the FortiPAM disk.
Details Select a log entry and then select Details to see more information about the
log.
Secret
Go to Secret in Log & Report to see logs related to the following:

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Log & report

l Clear Text on page 262
l Check-outs and Check-ins on page 262
l Password Changes on page 262
l Secret Video on page 262
l Secret Request on page 263
l Job on page 263
The following options are available in the tabs:
Go back to Secret.
Back ( )
Download log Select to export the selected secret session log to your computer as a text file
named as secret-xyz-YYYY_MM_DD.txt.
Details Select to see details for the selected log entry.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the secret
video list. To narrow down your search, see Column filter.
Secret
Selecting Secret opens all the secret logs. Different subcategories of secret logs are displayed when you click on a
secret log.

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Log & report
Clear Text
Selecting Clear Text shows logs related to viewing passwords. This category of the secret log shows all the information
related to the launching of a secret, uploading of a video, termination of a launched session, and status of a FortiPAM
token.
Check-outs and Check-ins
Selecting Check-outs and Check-ins shows logs related to password check-ins and check-outs. It displays all the
information related to secret check-out and check-in.
Password Changes
Selecting Password Changers shows logs related to password changers. It displays all the information about when a
password changer is triggered on a secret. It indicates whether the operation is successful and who initiated the
operation. Operations such as password verification or change of password are recorded here.
Secret Video
Selecting Secret Video shows logs related to secret videos. This category of the secret log shows all the videos of
launched secrets from FortiPAM. It is helpful to assist in auditing a user's behavior on the secret, ensuring that no
malicious activity is performed. To view a recorded video of a launched secret, select the log with the operation labelled

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Log & report
as Video Finish, then click the Details button located at the right of the menu button. Once the slider opens up, the
administrator can see the video player.
Secret Request
Selecting Secret Request shows logs related to secret requests. This category of the secret log shows all the information
related to a secret that requires secret approval. It indicates when a request is submitted for a secret or when a request is
approved or denied.
Job
Selecting Job shows all logs related to jobs. This category of secret log keeps track of all the events related to an
execution of a job on a secret. This includes the job name, the user who initiated the job, the type of the job, and whether
the job is executed successfully.
ZTNA
Go to ZTNA in Log & Report to see ZTNA related logs.

The ZTNA log keeps track of ZTNA related traffics. This can include when a ZTNA rule cannot be matched, an API
gateway cannot be matched, or when a secret configured with device permission fails to connect.

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Log & report
The following options are available in the ZTNA tab:
Download Log Select to export the selected ZTNA log to your computer as a text file.
+Add Filter From the dropdown, select a filter, select or add additional details about the filter
to be used and hit Enter.
Note: Logs can be filtered by date and time. The log viewer can be filtered with a
custom range or with specific time frames.
Log location The FortiPAM disk.

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Log & report
SSH
Go to SSH in Log & Report to see SSH related logs.

The SSH log keeps track of all the events related to the SSH filter profile. It contains information such as the severity of a
command, the destination IP and port used to execute the command, and the action associated with the log. The action
may be Blocked, indicating the command has been blocked from executing on the secret or Passthrough, representing it
is allowed to execute on the secret.
The following options are available in the SSH tab:
Go back to SSH.
Back ( )
Download log Select to export the selected SSH log to your computer as a text file.
Search Enter a search term in the search field, then hit Enter to search the secret video
Reports
Reports in Log & Reports show a list of audit reports generated to comply with audit requirements. The reports include:
l User Login: Top successful logins, top failed logins, and top failed logins by reason.
l System: Maintenance mode, top maintenance mode activation by user, glass breaking mode, top glass breaking
mode activation by user, and HA mode.
l Secret (includes the following):
l Secret launch success
l Top secret launch success by secret name
l Top secret launch success by secret name and user
l Password change
l Top successful password change by secret name
l Top successful password change by secret name and user
l Top failed password change by secret name
l Top failed password change by secret name and reason
l Top failed password change by secret name, user and reason
l Password verification
l Top successful password verification by secret name
l Top successful password verification by secret name and user
l Top failed password verification by secret name
l Top failed password verification by secret name and reason
l Top failed password verification by secret name, user and reason

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Log & report
l Clear text view

l Top clear text view by secret name
l Top clear text view by secret name and user
For each report; name, data start, data end, and the size are displayed.
The Reports tab contains the following options:
Download Select to export the selected report to your computer as a pdf file.
View Select to view the selected report.
Delete Select to delete the selected reports.
Generate Now Select to regenerate a report and click OK in the Confirm window.
Regenerating a report may take several minutes.
Report Schedule Select to schedule a generating a report.

See Schedule generating reports on page 266.
Schedule generating reports
To schedule generating a report:
1. Go to Log & Report > Reports and select Report Schedule.

The Report Schedule dialog opens.

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Log & report
2. In Generate Report, select from the following two options:

a. Recurring: Select to generate reports periodically.
b. On demand: Select to generate reports on demand.
3. In Schedule, select either Daily or Weekly:
a. Daily: Enter the time or select the clock icon and then select the time from the dropdown.
b. Weekly: Enter the time or select the clock icon and then select the time from the dropdown.
In the Day dropdown, select a day of the week.
Note: Schedule is only available when Generate Report is set as Recurring.
4. Enable Email Generated Reports and enter the recipient email addresses where the reports are sent.
Before enabling the option, you must configure an email messaging server in System >
Settings and configure a username in Email Alert Settings.
See Email alert settings on page 270.

5. Click OK.
Customizing reports
FortiPAM allows you to customize reports to display attributes according to your preference.
You can change the report attributes from the CLI console only.
CLI configuration to customize report attributes - example
config report layout

edit default
config body-item #Configure report body items.
show #By default, a report displays all the available charts.
delete 301 #Deletes Bandwidth and Application related charts.
end
end
execute report-config reset
y #Enter "y" to update the report layout based on the new configuration.
Log settings
Log settings determine what information is recorded in logs, where the logs are stored, and how often storage occurs.

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Log & report
Remote Logging and Archiving

Send logs to syslog Enable/disable sending logs to syslog. See Configuring parameters to send logs
to syslog server on page 269.
Local Log
Log Disk Partition Usage The disk usage (free and used space).
Video Disk Partition Usage The video disk partition usage (free and used video disk partition).
Log Settings
Event Logging By default, the system logs all the events: system activity, user activity, and HA.
You can customize event logging by selecting Customize and then unselecting
options under Customize.
Note: No event logs are recorded and displayed on the Log & Report > Events
page for unselected events.
Older logs are deleted when disk space is low.
Disabling disk storage
Although it is not suggested that you disable the disk storage, FortiPAM allows you to disable the disk storage via the
CLI.

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Log & report
To disable disk storage:
If you intend to disable the disk storage, ensure that the memory storage is enabled to make
the log pages work correctly:
config log memory setting
set status enable
end

config log disk setting
set status disable
end
Configuring parameters to send logs to syslog server
To configure parameters to send logs to syslog server:
1. Go to Log & Report > Log Settings.

2. In Additional Information, select Edit in CLI.
The CLI console opens.
3. Use the following parameters:
status {enable | disable} Enable/disable remote syslog logging (default = disable).
The following parameters are only available when the status is set as enable.
server <string> Address of the remote syslog server.
mode {legacy-reliable | reliable The remote syslog logging mode:

| udp} l legacy-reliable: Legacy reliable syslogging by RFC3195 (Reliable
Delivery for Syslog).

l reliable: Reliable syslogging by RFC6587 (Transmission of Syslog
Messages over TCP).
l udp: syslogging over UDP (default).
port <integer> The server listening port number (default = 514, 0 - 65535).
facility {kernel | user | mail The remote syslog facility (default = local7):
| daemon | auth | syslog | lpr | l kernel: Kernel messages.
news | uucp | cron | authpriv | ftp l user: Random user-level messages.

| ntp | audit | alert | clock | local0 l mail: Mail system.
| local1 | local2 | local3 | local4 |
l daemon: System daemons.
local5 | local6 | local7}
l auth: Security/authorization messages.
l syslog: Messages generated internally by syslog.
l lpr: Line printer subsystem.
l news: Network news subsystem.
l uucp: Network news subsystem.
l cron: Clock daemon.

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Log & report
l authpriv: Security/authorization messages (private).

l ftp: FTP daemon.
l ntp: NTP daemon.
l audit: Log audit.
l alert: Log alert.
l clock: Clock daemon.
l local0 ... local7: Reserved for local use.
source-ip <string> The source IP address of syslog.
format {cef | csv | default The log format:

| rfc5424} l cef: CEF (Common Event Format) format.
l csv: CSV (Comma Separated Values) format.

l default: Syslog format (default).
l rfc5424: Syslog RFC5424 format.
priority {default | low} The log transmission priority:

l default: Set Syslog transmission priority to default (default).
l low: Set Syslog transmission priority to low.
max-log-rate <integer> The syslog maximum log rate in MBps (default = 0, 0 - 100000 where 0 =
unlimited).
interface-select-method {auto | Specify how to select outgoing interface to reach the server:
sdwan | specify} l auto: Set outgoing interface automatically (default).
l sdwan: Set outgoing interface by SD-WAN or policy routing rules.

l specify: Set outgoing interface manually.
4. After adjusting the parameters, click x to close the CLI console.
Email alert settings
Enabling Email Alert Settings allows FortiPAM to send alert emails to administrators.
To enable Email alert setting:
1. Go to Log & Report > Email Alert Settings, and select Enable email notification.
2. In the Glassbreaking Notification pane, enter the following information:
From The email address of the sender.

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Log & report
To The email address of the receiver.
Select + to add additional email addresses.
3. In the General pane, enter the following information:
From The email address of the sender.

fortipam@example.com
To The email address of the receiver.

admin1@example.com
admin2@example.com
Select + to add additional email addresses.
Alert parameter Select from the following two options:

l Events: Alerts are sent when an event occurs, e.g., system or user
events. See Events on page 258.

l Severity: From the dropdown, select the minimum level of severity at
which the alerts are sent.
Interval The time interval at which the alerts are sent, in minutes (default = 5, 1-
99999).
Note: The option is only available when the Alert parameter is set as Events.
Security
Note: The pane is only available when the Alert parameter is set as Events.
Virus detected Enable/disable sending alerts when virus detected.
Administrative
Note: The pane is only available when the Alert parameter is set as Events.
Configuration change Enable/disable sending alerts when a configuration is changed.
HA status change Enable/disable sending alerts when the HA status changes.
4. Click Apply.
Email alert when the glass breaking mode is activated - example
To set up an email alert when the glass breaking mode is activated:
1. Ensure that Email Service is set up in System > Settings. See Settings on page 182.
2. Go to Log & Report > Email Alert Settings, and select Enable email notification.

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3. In the Glassbreaking Notification tab:

a. In From, enter the email address of the sender.
b. In To, enter the email address of the receiver.
4. Click Apply.
Setting up an email alert for glass breaking excludes other important notifications, e.g.,
administrative change (configuration and HA status) and security (virus detection).

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Troubleshooting
FortiPAM operation requires multiple components to work together. Generally, a browser and FortiClient are necessary
on the client side to connect to the FortiPAM GUI. Secrets on FortiPAM can then be used to connect to the target host.
If the FortiPAM system runs abnormally, pinpointing the failed component can be challenging. This chapter presents the
usage of built-in debug tools to speed up finding errors.
You must have system administrator and CLI permissions to use the debug features including
debug trace files. See Role on page 117.
To use FortiPAM debug feature, debug category and level must be set.
In the CLI console, enter the following commands to set debug category and level:
diagnose wad debug enable category <category>
diagnose wad debug enable level <level>
For example:
diagnose wad debug enable category session #The category is session
diagnose wad debug enable level info #The level is set to info
For debug level settings, all the higher level traces are included, e.g., when the debug level is
set to info, error and warn levels are displayed too, but verbose is hidden.
Once the category and level variables are set up in the CLI, traces are displayed in the CLI.
For more troubleshooting information and a Q&A section, check out the FortiPAM Community
page: https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiPAM/tkb-p/TKB52.
Troubleshoot using trace files
To successfully capture each daemon's trace as separate log files, use FortiPAM debug trace files. You can then view
each file and locate the source of an issue.

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Troubleshooting
To use FortiPAM trace file debug feature, debug category and level must be set. See
Troubleshooting on page 273.
Related CLI commands:
Command Description
diagnose wad debug file {enable Enable/disable dump trace to files.

| disable}
diagnose wad debug file max_ Set the maximum size for trace files.
size <size>
diagnose wad debug file Allow overwriting when the file reaches maximum size.
overwrite {enable | disable}
diagnose wad debug file clear Clear all the trace files.
diagnose wad debug file list Show all trace related file stats.
diagnose wad debug file show Show a specific or all trace file content.
{trace_file_name
| all}
diagnose wad debug file send tftp Send trace files to TFTP server.
<addr> <save_zip_name.tar.gz>
diagnose wad debug file send ftp Send trace files to FTP server.
<save_zip_name.tar.gz> <addr>:
[port] [username] [password]
Example troubleshooting - example
1. In the CLI console, enter the following commands to set debug category and level:
diagnose wad debug enable category secret
diagnose wad debug enable level info
2. Enter the following command to set the maximum size for trace files:
diagnose wad debug file max-size 2
3. Enter the following command to enable dump trace to files:
diagnose wad debug file enable
Trace file is displayed now.
4. Enter the following command to disable dump trace to files:
diagnose wad debug file disable
5. Enter the following command to show all trace related file stats:
diagnose wad debug file list
size:0000000000, wad_worker-1.log
size:0000000000, wad_cert-inspection-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_debug-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_algo-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_user-info-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_dispatcher-0.log

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Troubleshooting
size:0000000000, wad_secret-approval-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_config-notify-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_informer-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_YouTube-filter-cache-service-0.log
size:0000006869, wad_worker-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_pwd-changer-0.log
size:0000000000, wad_manager-0.log
6. Enter the following command to clear all the trace files:
diagnose wad debug clear
7. Enter the following command to show a specific file content:
diagnose wad debug file show wad_worker-0.log
[I][p:1066][s:369910368][r:2588] wad_gui_secret_handler :4123 Successfully fetched

database list for admin
[I][p:1066][s:369910368][r:2588] wad_gui_secret_handler :4510 attach response body to
response
[I][p:1066][s:369910368][r:2590] wad_gui_secret_handler :4060 METHOD OVERRIDE to GET,
fetching list
[I][p:1066][s:369910368][r:2590] wad_gui_secret_folder_post_select :1669 Dev is NULL
[I][p:1066][s:369910368][r:2590] wad_gui_secret_folder_post_select :1715 filter gets
all personal secret folders
folder list for admin
[I][p:1066][s:369910368][r:2590] wad_gui_secret_handler :4510 attach response body to
response
[I][p:1066][s:369910370][r:2592] wad_gui_secret_handler :4060 METHOD OVERRIDE to GET,
fetching list
[I][p:1066][s:369910370][r:2592] wad_gui_secret_folder_post_select :1669 Dev is NULL
folder list for admin
.
.
FortiPAM HTTP filter
When turning on the HTTP category debug, it can generate a lot of traces from the GUI. In the case where GUI traffic is
not needed, using the FortiPAM HTTP filter helps clean out traffic that is not required.
You must have system administrator and CLI permissions to use the FortiPAM HTTP filter.
To use the FortiPAM trace filter feature:
1. In the CLI console, enter the following command to set the debug category to http:
diagnose wad debug enable category http
2. Optionally, enter the following command to set the debug level:
diagnose wad debug enable level <level>
3. Use the following CLI command to set up a filter for the FortiPAM traffic:
diagnose wad filter pam

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Troubleshooting
Variable Description
none Reset FortiPAM filter setting.

All the HTTP traffic traces are displayed.
internal Internal FortiPAM trace.

HTTP traffic with /pam api-gateway is displayed, e.g., FortiClient and
secret launcher traffic.
tcp-forward TCP-forward trace.

Traffic trace with /tcp api-gateway is displayed, e.g., TCP tunneling
information when starting a launcher.
both Internal FortiPAM and TCP-forward trace.

HTTP traffic with /tcp and /pam api-gateway is displayed.
For most cases, the both option is recommended for the filter.
The FortiPAM filter can be used with diagnose wad filter drop-unknown-
session 1 to ignore more information during session initialization.
- Examples
1. Turning on drop-unknown-session with the internal option (diagnose wad filter pam internal)
and launching a secret shows the following trace:
PAM # [I][p:1070][s:930509823][r:2694] wad_http_req_proc_policy: 10453 ses_
ctx:ct|Pvx|M|H|C|A1 fwd_srv=<nil>[I][p:1070][s:930509823][r:2694] wad_dump_fwd_
http_resp: 2663 hreq=0x7f34b46a2e58 Forward response from Internal:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 309
[I][p:1070][s:930509826][r:2701] wad_dump_fwd_http_resp: 2663 hreq=0x7f34b46a2e58
Forward response from Internal:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Proxy-Agent: FortiPAM/1.0
X-Range: bytes=773458-
Content-Length: 0
2. Turning on drop-unknown-session with the tcp-forward option (diagnose wad filter pam tcp-
forward) and launching a secret shows the following trace:
[I][p:1070][s:930509852][r:2799] wad_http_req_check_vs_tunnel_type :5182 Check redir
PROXY port=22((null))
[I][p:1070][s:930509852][r:2799] wad_http_req_check_vs_tunnel_type :5190 TCP tunnel
detected without type.
[I][p:1070][s:930509852][r:2799] wad_dump_fwd_http_resp :2663 hreq=0x7f34b46a41f8
Forward response from Internal:
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: tcp-forwarding/1.0
Connection: Upgrade

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Appendix A: Installation on KVM
Once you have downloaded the fortipam.qcow2 you can create the virtual machine in your KVM account.
To deploy FortiPAM virtual machine:
1. Launch Virtual Machine Manager on your KVM host server.

2. From the Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) home page, select Create a new virtual machine.
3. Select Import existing disk image and select Forward.
4. Select Browse.
If you saved the fortipam.qcow2 file to /var/lib/libvirt/images, it will be visible on the right. If you saved it
somewhere else on your server, select Browse Local, find it, and select Open.
5. Select the OS type as Generic default and select Forward.
6. Specify the amount of memory and the number of CPUs to allocate to this virtual machine.
You can set the memory as 4GB and the CPUs to 4.
Select Forward.
7. Enter the name for the VM.
A new VM includes one network adapter by default.
8. Check Customize configuration before installation, and select Finish.
To add additional hard disks:
Before opening your virtual machine for the first time you will need to configure two additional hard disks.
1. Click Add Hardware in the Virt-manager application, and select the option to add an additional storage disk.
2. For the Storage size, select a size according to the disk sizing guidelines. See System requirements in the KVM
Admin Guide.
3. For Bus type select VirtIO.
4. Click Finish.
To add ethernet interfaces:
Before opening your virtual machine for the first time you will need to configure two ethernet interfaces.
1. In the Virtual Machine Manager, locate the VM name, then select Open from the toolbar.
2. Select NIC:xxxx; the default network adapter.
3. In Network source dropdown, select Host device enxxxx: macvtap.
4. In the Device model dropdown, select virtio.
5. Click Apply.
6. Click Add Hardware, and select the option to add an additional interface.
7. In the Device model dropdown, select virtio.
8. Select Finish.
9. Click Begin Installation to start installing the new VM.

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To add log/video disks or modify disk sizes after first powering up FortiPAM-VM:
1. In the CLI console, enter sh sys storage to verify that the disk size change was successful:
edit "HD1"
set status enable
set order 1
set partition "LOGUSEDX83555B0F"
set size 20029
set usage log
next
edit "HD2"
set status enable
set order 2
set partition "PAMVIDEOBAED79CD"
set size 301354
set usage video
next
edit "HD3"
set status enable
set media-status disable
set order 3
set partition ''
set device ''
If the displayed disk size is not what you had configured, enter the following command to format the log and the
video disk:
execute disk format <disk_ref>
Note: <disk_ref> can be checked using the command execute disk list.
HD1 is used for the log disk and the disk_ref is 256.

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HD2 is used for the video disk and the disk_ref is 16.
In the above example, disks can be formatted by entering the following commands:
execute disk format 256 #HD1
Disk formatting results in the loss of all existing logs and videos.

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Appendix B: Installation on VMware
Once you have downloaded the out.ovf.zip file and extracted the package contents to a folder on your management
computer, you can deploy it into your VMware environment.
To deploy the FortiPAM-VM OVF template:
1. Connect to your VMware ESXi server by visiting its URL in your browser. Enter your username and password, and
click Log in.
2. Select Create/Register VM.
The VM creation wizard opens.
3. Select Deploy a virtual machine from an OVF or OVA file, and click Next.
4. Enter a name for your VM and select the files (FortiPAM-VM64.ovf, fortipam.vmdk, datadrive.vmdk, and
datadriv2.vmdk) previously extracted to your management computer, and click Next.

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5. Select which ESXi server's datastore to use for the deployment of FortiPAM-VM, and click Next.
6. Read the licensing terms and click I agree and Next.
7. Select the appropriate network mappings, disk provisioning, and power on options for your deployment, and click
Next.
l Thin Provision: This option optimizes storage use at the cost of sub-optimal disk I/O rates. It allocates disk
space only when a write occurs to a block, but the total volume size is reported by VMFS to the OS. Other
volumes can take the remaining space. This allows you to float between your servers and expand storage
when your size monitoring indicates there is a problem. Once a Thin Provisioned block is allocated, it remains
in the volume regardless of whether you have deleted data, etc.
l Thick Provision: This option has higher storage requirements, but benefits from optimal disk I/O rates. It
allocates the disk space statically. No other volumes can take the allocated space.
By default, the log disk and video disk size are 30 GB. If you want to change the size, unselect Power on
automatically to ensure that any disk size change is made before first powering on the VM.

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8. Review the summary of your VM settings, and click Finish.
9. Select your newly created VM and launch it.

The VM console will be displayed where you can monitor the booting progress of your FortiPAM-VM.
See FortiPAM appliance setup on page 25 for CLI related settings to verify the disk usage type and set up FortiPAM.
10. The default size for the log and the video disk is 30 GB. If the size does not meet your requirement, see Log and
video disk size guidelines in System requirements in the VMware ESXi Admin Guide.
To adjust the log or video disk size:
Disk size tuning results in the loss of existing logs and videos.
a. Shutdown your VM.

b. In the VMware vSphere Client, right-click the name of the virtual appliance, and select Edit settings.
The Edit settings page is displayed.
c. Ensure that you are in the Virtual Hardware tab.

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d. Adjust Hard disk 2 for log disk size and adjust Hard disk 3 for video disk size.
e. Click Save to save the changes.

You can now power on the VM.
11. If Power on automatically is unselected in step 7 and the VM has never been powered on, any disk size change
automatically takes effect after the VM is powered on the first time.
If the disk sizes are tuned after powering on the VM for the first time, enter sh sys storage CLI command to
verify that the disk size change was successful:
edit "HD1"
set status enable
set order 1
set partition "LOGUSEDX83555B0F"
set size 20029
set usage log
next
edit "HD2"
set status enable
set order 2
set partition "PAMVIDEOBAED79CD"
set size 301354
set usage video
next
edit "HD3"
set status enable
set media-status disable
set order 3
set partition ''
set device ''

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If the displayed disk size is not what you had configured, enter the following command to format the log and the
video disk:
execute disk format <disk_ref>
Note: <disk_ref> can be checked using the command execute disk list.
HD1 is used for the log disk and the disk_ref is 256.
HD2 is used for the video disk and the disk_ref is 16.
In the above example, disks can be formatted by entering the following commands:
Disk formatting results in the loss of all existing logs and videos.

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Appendix C: Installing vTPM package on KVM and adding
vTPM to FortiPAM-VM
For added security when installing FortiPAM on KVM, vTPM package must be installed, and vTPM added to the
FortiPAM-VM.
To install vTPM package on KVM (Ubuntu):
1. In the command line, enter the following commands:

mkdir TPM_WorkSpace
cd TPM_WorkSpace/
git clone https://git.seabios.org/seabios.git
git clone https://github.com/stefanberger/libtpms.git
ls
cd libtpms
sudo apt-get -y install automake autoconf libtool gcc build-essential libssl-dev dh-
exec pkg-config gawk
./autogen.sh --with-openssl --with-tpm2
make dist
dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -j$(nproc)
cd ..
ls
sudo dpkg -i libtpms0_0.10.0~dev1_amd64.deb libtpms-dev_0.10.0~dev1_amd64.deb
git clone https://github.com/stefanberger/swtpm.git
cd swtpm
sudo su
ln -s /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/trousers.service
exit
sudo apt-get -y install libfuse-dev libglib2.0-dev libgmp-dev expect libtasn1-dev
socat tpm-tools python3-twisted gnutls-dev gnutls-bin softhsm2 libseccomp-dev
dh-apparmor libjson-glib-dev
dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -j$(nproc)
dpkg -i swtpm_0.8.0~dev1_amd64.deb swtpm-dev_0.8.0~dev1_amd64.deb swtpm-libs_
0.8.0~dev1_amd64.deb swtpm-tools_0.8.0~dev1_amd64.deb
To add vTPM when creating a FortiPAM-VM:
1. Deploy FortiPAM, see Appendix A: Installation on KVM on page 277.

2. Before opening the virtual machine for the first time, in the Virt-manager application, click Add Hardware.
3. From the menu, select TPM.
4. In the Details tab:
a. In Model, select CRB.
b. In Backend, select Emulated device.
c. In Version, select 2.0.

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Appendix C: Installing vTPM package on KVM and adding vTPM to FortiPAM-VM
d. Click Finish.
This adds TPM v2.0 to the list of hardware devices on the left.

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Appendix D: vTPM for FortiPAM on VMware
To successfully enable vTPM, you must configure a key provider on the VMware vSphere client.
Ensure that vTPM is set up as part of the initial configuration (before powering on the
FortiPAM-VM for the first time.)
To configure a key provider:
1. Select the virtual appliance in the VMware vSphere client and go to Configure > Security > Key Providers.
2. In Key Providers, from the Add dropdown, select Add Native Key Provider.
3. In the Add Native Key Provider window:
a. Enter a name for the native key provider.
b. Deselect Use key provider only with TPM protected ESXi hosts.
c. Select ADD KEY PROVIDER.
4. Select the new key provider from the key providers list and then select BACK UP.
The Back up Native Key Provider window opens.
5. Select BACK UP KEY PROVIDER.
The key provider is saved on your computer.
To enable vTPM for FortiPAM:
1. Right-click the virtual appliance in the VMware vSphere client and select Edit Settings.
Ensure that the Guest OS Version in VM Options tab is set to Other 4.x or later Linux (64-
bit) or higher.
2. In Edit Settings, click Add New Device and select Trusted Platform Module.
3. Click OK.

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Appendix E: Enabling soft RAID on KVM or VMware
To expand hard disk capacity, you can enable RAID on the FortiPAM-VM. After RAID is enabled, hard disk capacity can
be expanded from 2 TB to 16 TB.
Individual disks of sizes up to 2 TB are supported.
Soft RAID is supported on KVM and VMware platforms. Hyper-V and other platforms are not supported yet.
Note: Soft RAID for VMware requires disks of the same size.
RAID can only be configured using the CLI commands.
Enabling, disabling, and changing the RAID level, erases all the data on the log and video disk.
Also, the FortiPAM device reboots every time RAID is enabled, disabled, or the RAID level is
changed.
To configure RAID via CLI:
1. Before enabling RAID, enter the following command in the CLI console to verify that the FortiPAM has multiple
disks:
execute disk list
or
diagnose hardware deviceinfo disk
2. In the CLI console, enter the following command to enable RAID:
execute disk raid enable <RAID level> #The default value is Raid-0
Two partitions will be created after RAID is enabled. One partition for log and one for video.
To disable RAID, enter execute disk raid disable.
When there are two disks, RAID level 0 and 1 are available. Only when there are four
disks, RAID level 5 and 10 are available.
3. From the Admin dropdown in the banner, go to System > Reboot to reboot FortiPAM.
Reboot is only available when FortiPAM is in maintenance mode.

To enable the maintenance mode, see Enabling maintenance mode.
4. In the Reboot window, click OK to confirm.

Optionally, enter an event log message.

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Appendix E: Enabling soft RAID on KVM or VMware
5. In the CLI console, check the RAID status by entering the following command:
execute disk raid status #Raid is now available
If the above steps do not enable RAID on FortiPAM-VM, use the following workaround:
1. Factory reset your FortiPAM-VM.
2. Remove disk from your FortiPAM-VM, then add the disk again.
3. Now follow the steps in Configuring RAID via CLI.
Rebuilding a RAID with a different RAID level
Admin can only rebuild RAID at the same RAID level if a RAID error has been detected. Also, changing the RAID level
takes a while and deletes all data on the disk.
Use the following CLI command to rebuild RAID:
execute disk raid rebuild-level <RAID level>

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www.fortinet.com
Copyright© 2023 Fortinet, Inc. All rights reserved. Fortinet®, FortiGate®, FortiCare® and FortiGuard®, and certain other marks are registered trademarks of Fortinet, Inc., and other Fortinet names herein
may also be registered and/or common law trademarks of Fortinet. All other product or company names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Performance and other metrics contained herein were
attained in internal lab tests under ideal conditions, and actual performance and other results may vary. Network variables, different network environments and other conditions may affect performance
results. Nothing herein represents any binding commitment by Fortinet, and Fortinet disclaims all warranties, whether express or implied, except to the extent Fortinet enters a binding written contract,
signed by Fortinet’s General Counsel, with a purchaser that expressly warrants that the identified product will perform according to certain expressly-identified performance metrics and, in such event, only
the specific performance metrics expressly identified in such binding written contract shall be binding on Fortinet. For absolute clarity, any such warranty will be limited to performance in the same ideal
conditions as in Fortinet’s internal lab tests. Fortinet disclaims in full any covenants, representations, and guarantees pursuant hereto, whether express or implied. Fortinet reserves the right to change,
modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice, and the most current version of the publication shall be applicable.

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Administration Guide

FORTINET VIDEO GUIDE

CUSTOMER SERVICE & SUPPORT

FORTINET TRAINING & CERTIFICATION PROGRAM

FORTINET TRAINING INSTITUTE

END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

August 10, 2023

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 3

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 4

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 5

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 6

Date Change Description

2023-02-06 Initial release.

2023-02-08 Updated Feature availability on page 22 and Licensing on page 30.

2023-02-09 Added FortiPAM deployment options on page 19.

2023-02-21 Updated FortiPAM deployment options on page 19.

l Appendix B: Installation on VMware on page 280

l Example secret configurations example on page 68

l Data loss prevention (DLP) protection for secrets on page 248

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 7

Date Change Description

2023-02-28 Updated Fabric Connectors on page 253.

l Secret on page 260

2023-03-03 Updated FortiPAM with TPM on page 27.

2023-03-06 Updated FortiPAM with TPM on page 27.

2023-03-24 Updated Creating a secret on page 51.

2023-03-31 Updated FortiPAM appliance setup on page 25.

2023-04-14 Updated FortiPAM deployment options on page 19.

2023-08-10 Updated High availability on page 194.

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 8

There are two types of FortiPAM user:

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 9

Organization of the guide

The FortiPAM Administration Guide contains the following sections:

Using the GUI

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 10

GUI based global search

Global search example - Example

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 11

The Admin dropdown contains the following information and options:

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 12

Glass Breaking mode

To enter glass breaking mode:

To deactivate glass breaking mode:

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 13

To disable video recordings when in glass breaking mode:

1. Go to System > Settings.

Activate maintenance mode

Suspend all critical processes to allow maintenance related activities.

You can only upload a firmware when in maintenance mode.

To enter maintenance mode:

1. From the user dropdrown, select Activate Maintenance Mode in System.

1. In the user dropdown, go to System > Firmware.

The following tabs are available:

Latest Displays the status of the current firmware.

All Upgrades Displays if new upgrades are available.

FortiPAM 1.0.0 Administration Guide 14

All Downgrades Displays if downgrades are available.

File Upload Allows you to upload a new firmware image manually.