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    q4 Wk4 Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Ryson De leon

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    q4 Wk4 Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Ryson De leon
    2 views36 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views36 pages

    q4 Wk4 Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Ryson De leon

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 36

    CANCER

    CANCER
    • Cancer refers to any of many diseases characterized
    by the development of abnormal cells that divide
    uncontrollably and can penetrate and destroy normal
    human cells and tissues.
    • Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the
    world. But survival rates are improving for many types
    of cancer, thanks to improvements in cancer screening
    and cancer treatment.
    WHEN WILL A
    PERSON CAN
    HAVE CANCER?
    Difference between Normal
    Cells and Cancer Cells.
    Normal Cells Cancer Cells
    Growth

    Normal cells Cancer cells don’t stop


    reproduce only growing and dividing
    even when there are
    when and where enough cells already
    it’s needed and present, and this
    stop reproducing continuous growth often
    when enough cells results in tumors (a
    are present. cluster of cancer
    cells) being formed.
    Normal Cells Cancer Cells
    Cell Repair and Death

    Normal cells are Cancer cells are


    either repaired or either not repaired
    undergo apoptosis or do not undergo
    (cell death) when apoptosis.
    they are damaged
    or too old.
    Normal Cells Cancer Cells
    Ability to Spread

    Normal cells stay in Cancer cells may lack


    the body where they the resistance
    are supposedly molecules that cause
    located. For example, adhesiveness and are
    cardiac muscle cells able to disconnect and
    remain in the heart. perform metastasis- the
    spreading of cancer
    cells to other areas of
    the body through the
    bloodstream or
    lymphatic system.
    Cancer Cells
    Appearance

    Cancer cells look


    different as observed
    under the microscope, not
    unlike normal cells.
    Cancer cells often exhibit
    much more variability in
    cell size, some are larger
    than normal, and some are
    smaller than normal.
    Difference between Benign and
    Malignant Cancer
    • Benign the tumor is not cancerous. They won’t invade
    nearby cells. Although they can cause serious
    problems when they grow near organs, press on a
    nerve cell, or restrict blood flow. But usually, benign
    tumors respond well to treatments.
    • On the other hand, Malignant tumors are cancerous
    they can grow quickly and have irregular borders, they
    often invade surrounding tissue.
    TYPES OF CANCER
    What are the risk
    factors and causes of
    cancer?
    01
    Causes of Cancer
    Causes of Cancer
    1. Genetic Mutation- A gene mutation can instruct a healthy
    cell to allow rapid growth, failed to stop uncontrolled cell
    growth, make mistakes when repairing DNA errors.
    2. Risk Factors - It is usually not possible to know exactly why
    one person develops cancer and another doesn't. But research
    has shown that certain risk factors may increase a person's
    chances of developing cancer. This includes: Lifestyle factors,
    Family history, inheritance, and genetics may play an
    important role in some childhood cancers, exposure to certain
    viruses, environmental exposures, radiation.
    RISK FACTORS
    ● Age: Although people of all ages can get
    cancer, older people are at greater risk.
    ● Genetics: The history of the family will put
    you at risk for cancer. You could be more at
    risk for that form of cancer if you or anyone
    in the family had a similar type of cancer.
    For certain cancers, such as breast cancer and
    colon cancer, genetics plays a major part.
    RISK FACTORS
    ● Behaviors: Tobacco use and exposure to the sun or
    other sources of UV radiation are risk factors for
    cancer. Other lifestyle choices that might affect
    the chances of getting cancer include a poor diet,
    lack of exercise, or heavy drinking.
    ● Viruses or bacteria: There is a virus or bacteria
    that trigger certain cancers. The human
    papillomavirus (HPV), which causes cervical cancer,
    hepatitis B and C viruses, which can cause liver
    cancer, and the EpsteinBarr virus, which can cause
    a form of lymphoma, are several cancer associated
    viruses. Likewise, the Helicobacter pylori can
    cause gastric cancer
    RISK FACTORS

    ● Exposure to chemicals: As we have discussed, being


    exposed to chemicals may also be a risk factor.
    ● Radiation of certain wavelengths, called ionizing
    radiation, has enough energy to damage DNA and
    cause cancer. Ionizing radiation includes radon, x-
    rays, gamma rays, and other forms of high-energy
    radiation. Lower-energy, non-ionizing forms of
    radiation, such as visible light and the energy
    from cell phones, have not been found to cause
    cancer in people. UV rays can also damage the DNA
    in our skin cells and lead to skin cancer.
    RISK FACTORS
    RISK FACTORS
    01
    Activity
    On a short bond paper, make a slogan
    showing public awareness about cancer and how
    to reduce the risk of getting this disease.

    Rubrics:
    Content: 10
    Creativity: 10
    Time Management: 5
    Total: 25
    CARCINOGENS
    Carcinogens and Carcinogenesis
    ● Carcinogens are any of several agents,
    substances, and even radiation that can cause
    cancer in humans. It may be a substance in the
    air, a product you use, or a chemical in foods
    and drinks.
    ● Carcinogenesis also oncogenesis or
    tumorigenesis is the process by which normal
    cells are transformed into cancer cells.
    01
    Three Major Categories of
    Carcinogens
    Chemical Carcinogens
    ● Chemical Carcinogens result from
    exposures in the form of chemicals
    that are often encountered in the
    environment or through our life and
    diet.
    ● Example: Tobacco Smoking which can
    cause lung cancer.
    Physical Carcinogens
    ● Physical Carcinogens are particles of
    soft or hard material that are not
    soluble in water. They exist as a
    solid compound.
    ● Ionizing radiation is an example of a
    radioactive carcinogen, as is found in
    UV light and medical x-rays and from
    radioactive materials in the industry
    and the general environment.
    Oncogenic Virus or Oncovirus
    ● Oncogenic Virus or Oncovirus is the
    virus that can cause cancer. (cancer-
    causing) viruses.
    ● Examples are Hepatitis C Virus,
    Hepatitis B Virus, Human
    Papillomavirus, Human Herpesviruses.
    01
    Common Carcinogens
    01
    Activity
    List at least two (2) carcinogenic substances or
    factors, how does it affect the human body, what is possible
    cancer be acquired and how can it be prevented.
    THANK YOU
    FOR
    LISTENING! ☺

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