Pip STF05501 Ladders July 2018

STRUCTURAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STEEL FABRICATION REV: 3
KIEWIT DOCUMENT NO: 102761-B-STR-SPC-0020 PAGE: 31 OF 127
COMPLETE REVISION
July 2018
Structural
PIP STF05501
Fixed Ladders Fabrication Details
PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES
In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice

has been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these
technical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and
engineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced.
While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most
users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and
take precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and
particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering
situations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The
use of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of
preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having
the same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named.
All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and
regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines
should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or
regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or
acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice.
This Practice is subject to revision at any time.
© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of

Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP Member
Companies and Subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes or
modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express
written authorization of PIP. Authorized Users may attach addenda or overlays to
clearly indicate modifications or exceptions to specific sections of PIP Practices.
Authorized Users may provide their clients, suppliers and contractors with copies of the
Practice solely for Authorized Users’ purposes. These purposes include but are not
limited to the procurement process (e.g., as attachments to requests for quotation/
purchase orders or requests for proposals/contracts) and preparation and issue of design
engineering deliverables for use on a specific project by Authorized User’s client. PIP’s
copyright notices must be clearly indicated and unequivocally incorporated in
documents where an Authorized User desires to provide any third party with copies of
the Practice.
PUBLISHING HISTORY
November 1994 Issued February 2002 Technical Correction July 2018 Complete Revision
December 1999 Revision October 2012 Complete Revision
August 2000 Technical Correction January 2017 Technical Correction
Not printed with State funds

COMPLETE REVISION
July 2018
Structural
PIP STF05501
Fixed Ladders Fabrication Details
Table of Contents
1. Scope ...........................................2
2. References ..................................2
2.1 Process Industry Practices ...............2
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards .........2
2.3 Government Regulations ..................2
3. Definitions ...................................2
4. Requirements ..............................4
Drawings
STF05501-01 – Ladder Side Elevation Detail
STF05501-02 – Side-Step Ladder Top Details
STF05501-03 – Through Ladder Top Details
STF05501-04 – Miscellaneous Details
STF05501-05 – Ladder Rung and Base Details
STF05501-06 – Ladder Base Details at Vertical Vessel
STF05501-07 – Side-Step Ladder Support Connection Details to Vertical Vessel
STF05501-08 – Side-Step Ladder Support Connection Details to Structure/Platform
STF05501-09 – Through Ladder Support Connection Details to Structure/Platform
STF05501-10 – Ladder Guide Connection Details to Vertical Vessel
STF05501-11 – Ladder Guide Connection Details to Structure/Platform
STF05501-12 – Optional Cage – Side Elevation Detail
STF05501-13 – Optional Cage – Intermediate Access Detail with Side-Step Ladder
STF05501-14 – Optional Cage – Hoop Details
STF05501-15 – Optional Cage – Top Hoop Connection Details to Guard Post
STF05501-16 – Optional Cage – Miscellaneous Details
STF05501-17 – Optional Cage – Details at Elevated Platform
Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 5

PIP STF05501 COMPLETE REVISION

Fixed Ladders Fabrication Details July 2018
1. Scope
This Practice describes requirements for fabricating typical OSHA-regulated fixed ladders and cages
for open structures, miscellaneous platforms, and vessels for regular operational access and egress.
2. References
Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards, and government
regulations shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of
contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where
appropriate.
2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)

– PIP STF05520 - Pipe Guards and Handrails Fabrication Details
– PIP STF05521 - Angle Guards and Handrails Fabrication Details
– PIP STF05535 - Vessel Circular Platform Fabrication Details
– PIP STI03310 - Concrete Typical Details
– PIP STS05120 - Structural and Miscellaneous Steel Fabrication Specification
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards
 American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
– ANSI/AISC 303-16 - Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
 ASTM International (ASTM)
– ASTM A36/A36M - Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
– ASTM A307 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi
Tensile Strength
2.3 Government Regulations
The following government document has been used as a reference in the development of
this Practice.
 U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
– Regulations 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D - Walking-Working Surfaces - Final Rule
Published in Federal Register, Volume 81, No. 223, on November 18, 2016
(referred to as “OSHA” in this Practice)
3. Definitions
This Practice uses the same terminology as AISC and OSHA. After each definition, the source
document is indicated in parentheses. “(AISC)” refers to ANSI/AISC 303-16. “(OSHA)” refers to
OSHA Regulations 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D. “(PIP)” indicates PIP definitions not specifically
provided by AISC or OSHA.
cage: An enclosure mounted on the side rails of a fixed ladder or fastened to a structure behind the
fixed ladder that is designed to surround the climbing space of the ladder. A cage also is called a
‘‘cage guard’’ or ‘‘basket guard.’’ (OSHA)


contract documents: Any and all documents, including codes, studies, design documents,
specifications, sketches, practices, and data sheets, that purchaser or engineer of record has
transmitted or otherwise communicated, either by incorporation or reference, and made part of
the legal contract agreement or purchase order between purchaser and structure/platform
fabricator, ladder fabricator and/or vessel manufacturer (PIP)
design documents: The design drawings, or where the parties have agreed in the contract
documents to provide digital model(s), the design model. A combination of drawings and digital
models also may be provided. (AISC)
design drawings: The graphic and pictorial portions of the contract documents showing the
design, location and dimensions of the work. These documents generally include, but are not
necessarily limited to, plans, elevations, sections, details, schedules, diagrams and notes. (AISC)
design model: A dimensionally accurate 3D digital model of the structure that conveys the
structural steel requirements given in Section 3.1 [of ANSI/AISC 303-16] for the building [or
structure] (AISC)
engineer of record: Purchaser’s authorized representative with overall authority and

responsibility for engineering design, quality, and performance of civil works, structures,
foundations, materials, and appurtenances described in contract documents. Engineer of record
shall be licensed as defined by laws of the locality in which the work is to be constructed, and be
qualified to practice in the specialty discipline required for the work described in contract
documents. (PIP)
fixed ladder: A ladder with rails or individual rungs that is permanently attached to a structure,
building, or equipment. Fixed ladders include individual-rung ladders, but not ship stairs, step
bolts, or manhole steps. (OSHA)
guard fabricator: Party responsible for providing fabricated guards for platforms in accordance
with contract documents. The term guard fabricator shall apply also to guard fabricator’s
subcontractor(s) and/or vendor(s). (PIP)
ladder fabricator: Party responsible for providing fabricated ladders and cages in accordance
with contract documents. The term ladder fabricator shall apply also to ladder fabricator’s
ladder safety system: A system designed to eliminate or reduce the possibility of falling from a
ladder. A ladder safety system usually consists of a carrier, safety sleeve, lanyard, connectors, and
body harness. Cages and wells are not ladder safety systems. (OSHA)
owner: Party who has authority through ownership, lease, or other legal agreement over site,
facility, structure, platform, vessel or project wherein ladders and cages will be used (PIP)
personal fall arrest system: A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a walking-working
surface. It consists of a body harness, anchorage, and connector. The means of connection may
include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or a suitable combination of these. (OSHA)
purchaser: Party who awards contract to structure/platform fabricator, ladder fabricator and/or
vessel manufacturer. Purchaser may be owner or owner’s authorized agent. (PIP)


side-step ladder: A type of fixed ladder that requires an employee to step sideways from it in
order to reach a walking-working surface, such as a landing (OSHA)
structure/platform engineer: Engineer that performs design of structures/platforms, including

ladders and cages that connect to structures/platforms. Structure/platform engineer may also
perform design of ladders and cages that connect to vessels if design of ladder support and guide
connections is validated by a vessel engineer. (PIP)
structure/platform fabricator: Party responsible for providing fabricated structural and

miscellaneous steel in accordance with contract documents. The term structure/platform fabricator
shall apply also to structure/platform fabricator’s subcontractor(s) and/or vendor(s). (PIP)
through ladder: A type of fixed ladder that allows the employee to step through the side rails at
the top of the ladder to reach a walking-working surface, such as a landing (OSHA)
vessel engineer: Engineer that performs design of vessels, including ladders and cages that connect to
vessels. Alternatively, vessel engineer may validate design of ladder support and guide connections to
vessels for ladders and cages that are designed by a structure/platform engineer. (PIP)
vessel manufacturer: Party responsible for providing manufactured vessels in accordance with
contract documents. The term vessel manufacturer shall apply also to vessel manufacturer’s
4. Requirements
4.1 Fixed ladders and cages shall be fabricated in accordance with PIP STS05120, this
Practice, and fabrication detail drawings PIP STF05501-01 through PIP STF05501-17.
4.2 The project design documents and other contract documents specify the following
information:
a. Location and orientation of ladder and optional cage including centerline of rungs in the
plane of the ladder and centerline of ladder perpendicular to the plane of the ladder
b. Selection of Type 1 ladder base (no connection at base) or Type 2 ladder base (with
connection at base) for ladders at vertical vessels. See ladder base details on drawing
PIP STF05501-06.
c. Top of bottom rung elevation for ladders at vertical vessels with Type 1 ladder base.
See ladder base details on drawing PIP STF05501-06.
d. Bottom of ladder elevation for ladders at structures/platforms and horizontal vessels,
and ladders at vertical vessels with Type 2 ladder base. See ladder base details on
drawings PIP STF05501-05 and PIP STF05501-06.
e. Top of platform elevations (walking surface) for platforms serviced by ladder
f. Locations and details for ladder support members and support connectors to
structures/platforms or vessels
g. Locations and details for ladder guide connectors to structures/platforms or vessels
h. Whether a cage is to be provided for ladder
i. Whether extended vertical bars are required for cage at an elevated platform
j. Bottom of cage elevation if a cage is used


k. Width of flare at top of rails for through ladders

l. Locations of gaps between ladder segments (for continuous ladders with multiple
segments)
m. Ladder safety system and/or personal fall arrest system specifications, including approved
manufacturer(s) and model number(s) (if included in ladder fabricator’s scope)
n. Special fabrication details
o. Any modifications to requirements of this Practice
4.3 Unless otherwise specified, all material for ladders and cages shall be ASTM A36/A36M
steel. Metric equivalents for plates, bars and structural shapes shall be as specified in
contract documents as applicable.
4.4 Selection of ladder rails shall be based on guide locations shown on design documents
and the unguided length criteria shown on drawing PIP STF05501-01, unless otherwise
specified in contract documents.
4.5 Entire ladder and cage assembly shall be welded construction. All welds shall be smooth,
continuous, and sealed. Weld spatter on rungs and rails shall be removed.
4.6 Unless otherwise specified, ladder and cage assemblies shall be galvanized after
fabrication in accordance with PIP STS05120.
4.7 Alternative or additional coatings for ladder and cage assemblies (e.g., safety yellow
paint), shall be in accordance with contract documents.
4.8 A self-closing double-bar safety gate, in accordance with OSHA and any other
requirements specified in contract documents will be provided by guard fabricator at the
opening in platform railing for all platforms serviced by ladder.
4.9 Unless otherwise specified, all bolts required for ladder and cage erection shall be
provided by ladder fabricator. Bolts shall be 5/8-inch (16-mm) ASTM A307 bolts
galvanized in accordance with PIP STS05120.


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STRUCTURAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STEEL FABRICATION REV: 3

KIEWIT DOCUMENT NO: 102761-B-STR-SPC-0020 PAGE: 31 OF 127

PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice

This Practice is subject to revision at any time.

© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of

Not printed with State funds

Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 5

PIP STF05501 COMPLETE REVISION

2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)

Process Industry Practices Page 2 of 5

PIP STF05501 COMPLETE REVISION

engineer of record: Purchaser’s authorized representative with overall authority and

Process Industry Practices Page 3 of 5

PIP STF05501 COMPLETE REVISION

structure/platform engineer: Engineer that performs design of structures/platforms, including

structure/platform fabricator: Party responsible for providing fabricated structural and

Process Industry Practices Page 4 of 5

PIP STF05501 COMPLETE REVISION

k. Width of flare at top of rails for through ladders

Process Industry Practices Page 5 of 5

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