Lambda Poli

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The Lambda Sensor
Introduction
What’s Lambda Sensor?
− Used to measure the proportion of oxygen (O2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed.
- Developed by the Robert Bosch GmbH during the late 1960s (Dr. Günter Bauman)
- The original sensing element is made with a thimble shaped zirconia ceramic coated
on both the exhaust and reference sides with a thin layer of platinum and comes in
both heated and unheated forms
- The planar-style sensor entered the market in 1998 (also pioneered by Bosch) and
significantly reduced the mass of the ceramic sensing element as well as incorporating
the heater within the ceramic structure. This resulted in a sensor that started sooner
and responded faster.
- The sensor does not actually measure oxygen concentration, but rather the difference
between the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas and the amount of oxygen in air.
The Lambda Sensor
Introduction
The zirconium dioxide, or zirconia, lambda sensor is based on a solid-state

electrochemical fuel cell called the Nernst cell. Its two electrodes provide an
output voltage corresponding to the quantity of oxygen in the exhaust relative
to that in the atmosphere.
The zirconia sensor is of the "narrow band" type, referring to the narrow
range of fuel/air ratios to which it responds
The Lambda Sensor
Introduction
A variation on the zirconia sensor, called the "wideband" sensor. It is based on

a planar zirconia element, but also incorporates an electrochemical gas pump.
An electronic circuit containing a feedback loop controls the gas pump current
to keep the output of the electrochemical cell constant, so that the pump
current directly indicates the oxygen content of the exhaust gas.
The Lambda Sensor
LSH Two Steps LAMBDA Sensor
− The two-step Lambda oxygen sensors operate in accordance with the

principle of the galvanic oxygen-concentration cell with solid-state
electrolyte (Nernst principle). The ceramic element is conductive for oxygen
ions from a temperature of approximately 350 °C (safe, reliable operation at
>350 °C).
− The different oxygen content on both sides of the sensor generates an

electrical voltage between the two boundary layers.
− Whereas response times at ceramic temperatures below 350 °C are in the

seconds range, at optimum temperatures of around 600 °C the sensor
responds in less than 50 ms. When the engine is started therefore, the
Lambda control is switched off until the minimum operating temperature of
about 350 °C is reached. During this period, the engine is open-loop-
controlled.
The Lambda Sensor
How to measure Lambda?

−not at all, it can only be calculated
−non-linear relation between partial pressure of
O2 and l, based on theory of Brettschneider /
Pischinger
−at rich mixtures (lam < 1), no free oxygen in
exhaust gas
−physical effect of oxygen ion transport through
zirconiumdioxid ceramic
(Nernst effect)
−Nernst voltage at lam = 1 about 450 mV
The Lambda Sensor
The Lambda Sensor
The Lambda Sensor
LSF4 planar Lambda oxygen sensor
The Lambda Sensor
LSF4 planar Lambda oxygen sensor
The Lambda Sensor
LSU4 planar wide-band Lambda oxygen sensor
− Wide-band Lambda oxygen sensors make precise measurements not only at

the stoichiometric point l= 1, but also in the lean range (l>1) and in the rich
range (l<1)
− It features a measuring cell made of zirconium-dioxide ceramic (ZrO2), and

is a combination of a Nernst concentration cell (sensor cell which functions
in the same way as a two-step Lambda oxygen sensor) and an oxygen
pump cell for transporting the oxygen ions.
The Lambda Sensor
The Lambda Sensor
− An integral heater (3) heats up the sensor quickly so that it soon reaches its
operating temperature of 650 to 900 °C needed for generating a usable
signal. This function decisively reduces the effects that the exhaust gas
temperature has on the sensor signal.
The Lambda Sensor
The Lambda Sensor
The Lambda Sensor
ETAS Lambda Meters
Sensors & Curves
LSU 4.2 LSU 4.9 ADV-G

Nominal internal resistance of λ=1 Nernst cell 100 Ohms 300 Ohms 300 Ohms
Response time to gas change < 80 ms < 50 ms < 30 ms
for rich gas signal (λ≥0.65) > -9mA >-9mA >-4mA
for lean gas signal <18mA < 6mA < 4mA
Heater supply
Nominal voltage: 9.5 V 7.5 V 7.6 V
Nominal heater power at nominal heater supply
voltage 10 W 7.5 W 8.7 W
Robustness (Thermal Shock) * ** ***
Diesel / gasoline DI capabilities (particles and soot) * ** x
Max Temp of sensor housing (Hexagon) 650 oC 680 oC 700 oC
Lifetime 160000 km or 10 years 250000 km or 15 years 250000 km or 15 years
Light off time < 20s < 10s < 5s even @ cold exhaust gas
ETAS Lambda Meters
Sensors & Curves
ETAS Lambda Meters
Sensors FAQ
What is precision (accuracy) of LSU Sensors?
The accuracy of the system 'lambda probe – Lambda meter' is mainly

determined by the lambda probe.
− the accuracy of the lambda probe (LSU4.9 as an example) is given at two points,
see TCI
− @ l = 1.7: 1.7 ± 0.05  ± 3%
− @ l = 0.8: 0.8 ± 0.01  ± 1.25%

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Lambda Training

What’s Lambda Sensor?

The zirconium dioxide, or zirconia, lambda sensor is based on a solid-state

A variation on the zirconia sensor, called the "wideband" sensor. It is based on

− The two-step Lambda oxygen sensors operate in accordance with the

− The different oxygen content on both sides of the sensor generates an

− Whereas response times at ceramic temperatures below 350 °C are in the

How to measure Lambda?

− Wide-band Lambda oxygen sensors make precise measurements not only at

− It features a measuring cell made of zirconium-dioxide ceramic (ZrO2), and

LSU 4.2 LSU 4.9 ADV-G

What is precision (accuracy) of LSU Sensors?

The accuracy of the system 'lambda probe – Lambda meter' is mainly

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