Apple International School, Dubai

REVISION WORKSHEET MA 3 - 2024

English

Year: 10 Name :…………………………….

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Exercise 1

Read the article about reintroducing animals called beavers into Scotland, and then answer the
following questions.

Bringing beavers back to Scotland

Beavers are one of the largest members of a group of animals
called rodents, which also includes mice and rats. Beavers
live in and around rivers. They build structures called dams
in rivers with sticks and mud, which provide them with shelter,
but also create pools that attract fish, frogs, birds and other
wildlife. Beavers live in many parts of the world, but I am proud
to have played a part in bringing these beautiful creatures
back to my country, Scotland.

Unfortunately, beavers died out in many European countries during the nineteenth century. In
Scotland, they had disappeared long before that, with no recorded sightings there after the sixteenth
century. There’s evidence to suggest that a few beavers survived until the eighteenth century in
parts of England.

The main reason for the beavers’ decline was hunting, largely for fur. Coats made from their fur were
incredibly warm, but far too expensive for all but the wealthiest people. Hats made from it, however,
were more affordable and became very fashionable, which increased the trade in beaver fur.

The twentieth century saw growing interest in returning beavers to areas where they had once
lived. They were reintroduced into 25 European countries after permission was granted by the
relevant authorities. In Scotland, an organisation called Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) wanted
to reintroduce beavers there, and during the ten years between 1995 and 2005 gathered the large
amount of evidence required for a proposal to submit to the Scottish parliament for bringing beavers
back. This proposal was unsuccessful, and it took a further three years before the reintroduction was
approved.

The first application was turned down because it was felt that beavers might damage ancient forests.
Other concerns expressed by some people that the beavers’ habit of blocking rivers would create
floods were not seen as a serious issue.

However, SNH didn’t give up and, with the help of another organisation called the Scottish Wildlife
Trust (SWT), submitted a second application in 2008. This time it was quickly approved, and the first
beavers were released into the wild in 2009. Over the next few years, the beavers spread, and the
total population increased to more than 400. Local fishermen’s worries that the animals’ presence
might impact on their hobby didn’t last long, but objections from the region’s farmers regarding
flooding were far harder to overcome. An understanding was finally reached that if beavers were
having a significant negative impact on agricultural land, they would be removed. Some years later,
in 2016, it was agreed that beavers should be allowed to move to new territories. SWT made further
proposals regarding conservation of the species in 2018, and the following year, beavers were made
a protected species by the government.

Beaver numbers are now increasing worldwide and, once again, there are beavers living in the wild
in Scotland. For me personally, the reintroduction of beavers was a significant moment in Scotland’s
history. It’s hard to explain the excitement I get every time I visit an area where beavers are present.
I watch the water, looking and listening for signs that they are out and about: a small, silent wave
spreading across a pool in the river, or the splash of a tail on the water, which warns other beavers
of danger.

You’ve probably heard of the expression ‘eager beaver’, which describes someone who’s willing to
work harder than anyone else. It comes from the fact that beavers always appear to be busy. I prefer
to call them ‘natural engineers’, though; it seems to sum up really well their extraordinary ability to
change the environments and landscapes in which they live.
 www.dynamicpapers.com

1 In which century did beavers die out in Scotland?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

2 What clothing made from beaver fur was especially popular?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

3 How long did it take to prepare the first application to reintroduce beavers to Scotland?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

4 What reason was given for rejecting the first application to reintroduce beavers?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

5 Which group of people was most strongly against the reintroduction of beavers?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

6 What important decisions about Scottish beavers have been made since 2016? Give two details.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

7 What sound does the writer listen for to check if beavers are active?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

8 Which phrase does the writer like to use to describe beavers?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

9 What do we learn about beaver populations in places other than Scotland? Give four details.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 13]
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Exercise 2

Read the article about four people (A–D) who are describing accommodation they stayed in while on
holiday. Then answer Question 10(a)–(j).

Holiday accommodation
A Hoda
I’ve just got back from a week away in the mountains. There were eight of us in one rented house:
me, my sister and parents, and my aunt, uncle and two cousins. The style of the place wouldn’t
please some people and it was only just big enough for everyone, but it suited us. We’ve never had
the slightest disagreement in all the times we’ve been away together. We stayed at a ski resort: it
was warm, so there wasn’t any snow. I’d love to have been there when everything was frosty and
white. We spent all day walking in the mountains and ate out in the evening, so we only went back
to the house to sleep. The owners of the house lived nearby and gave us tips on the best walking
routes. They clearly did loads of walking themselves, but perhaps they should have spent more time
cleaning the holiday home – it could have done with it!

B Phillip
My wife and I have just spent two weeks in an apartment by the sea with our two children. There
were lots of other families staying in the same block, so the kids weren’t short of friends. I can’t
remember how many times we got lost while driving there, but the beach was great, and unlike
many holidays I’d been on before, there was no need to clean the apartment when we arrived.
Normally, pictures you see of holiday accommodation on websites are taken using special cameras
to make the rooms look bigger than they actually are. The opposite seemed to be true there, though,
which was a pleasant surprise. I can’t say the colours the owners had painted the walls were to my
taste, but you can’t have everything, I guess. As well as the sea, there were hills behind the town, so
we spent time hiking in those as well as relaxing on the beach.

C Alicia
My parents discovered the hotel we’ve just come back from a few years ago. We’ve been there in
both summer and winter, and I’ve always enjoyed it whatever time of year it is. It belongs to a lovely
family, who we’ve got to know well. I lost my passport when we were there this time, and I had to
get them to translate when I reported it to the police. They were happy to do it, though. Our rooms
are usually huge, but the only ones available this year were probably half the size, which was a bit
of a shock. At least I had my own bedroom – I can’t think of anything worse than sharing. While I
was there, I reserved a couple of rooms for my parents and me next spring. It’s their 25th wedding
anniversary and my grandparents are going to pay as a special surprise. It’s a beautiful area and the
perfect place to stay.

D Hassan
My family has been going away with my best friend and his parents for years. This time, we found a
house by a lake, which seemed like a great place for a holiday, especially in summer. Getting there
was relatively straightforward and, although the house was fairly small, we thought it’d be fine for the
six of us. Anyway, according to the guidebook, there was a huge variety of things to do in the region,
which my parents and I hoped to make the most of. Once we’d got there, all the others fancied
doing, however, was swimming in the lake and relaxing at the house. Because we’d travelled there
in their car, it meant we were stuck and ended up spending far more time in the house and at the
lake than we were hoping. This created quite a bit of tension between us, and I was left wishing we’d
rented two separate houses instead of just one!
 www.dynamicpapers.com
5

10 For each question write the correct letter A, B, C or D on the line.

Which person …

(a) says their accommodation was smaller than they were expecting? .......... [1]

(b) felt uncomfortable sharing their accommodation with another family? .......... [1]

(c) suggests that their accommodation was rather dirty? .......... [1]

(d) admits to not liking how the accommodation was decorated? .......... [1]

(e) says they spent little time in their accommodation during the holiday? .......... [1]

(f) needed to ask the owners of the accommodation for help? .......... [1]

(g) had difficulty finding the way to their accommodation? .......... [1]

(h) wishes they’d stayed in the accommodation at a different time of year? .......... [1]

(i) wanted to explore the area around their accommodation more? .......... [1]

(j) has already booked to go back to the same accommodation? .......... [1]

[Total: 10]
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Exercise 3

Read the article about yoga, and then complete the notes.

Yoga
Yoga, which originated in India, is a set of combined physical, mental and
spiritual exercises. During yoga sessions, the people who take part adopt
different physical positions, particularly certain ways of sitting, stretching
parts of the body and balancing. The positions used depend on many
things, such as the type of yoga, and the age and level of experience of
the participants. Research has demonstrated that yoga develops physical
flexibility, but it is important to remember that yoga can also cause injury.

It is thought that yoga was first developed around 5000 years ago, and the
exercises and positions used have not changed a great deal since then.
Ideally, yoga should be practised in a quiet and calm environment, as when a suitable setting is not
available, you may become distracted. So you should definitely try your best to find an appropriate
place to do it. Whatever the location, anyone who practises yoga is sure to notice the increased
physical strength that comes from doing it. This effect has been well documented on many occasions.

Yoga was introduced into western nations in the nineteenth century, and it is now popular around
the world. Most people who wish to try yoga go to group classes or have individual sessions with
a teacher. Some teachers may be untrained, so it is always worth checking their experience and
qualifications carefully, otherwise you run the risk of learning the wrong techniques. A major plus
highlighted by many yoga teachers to attract potential new clients to their sessions is that it reduces
back pain, and there is plenty of evidence to support this claim. The idea that yoga can help with
weight loss, on the other hand, requires far more investigation before any firm conclusions can be
drawn.

Yoga sessions typically last for between 45 and 90 minutes. Taking part in a longer class will give
you more time to learn how to breathe effectively and will give the teacher time to provide you with
individual attention. Without it, many yoga students experience frustration at a lack of progress, so
longer sessions are well worth considering. Speak to a teacher about their approach before you sign
up for a class, and of course check how much each session will cost.

After training for a while with the teacher that you feel is the right one for you, you will become aware
that you have developed improved balance. This is one of the positive outcomes that scientists
have confirmed as being directly due to practising yoga. Think carefully about what you hope to
gain from yoga sessions and make sure that these aims are realistic. If you are hoping to have
better‑quality sleep as a result of practising yoga, then you are very likely to achieve this, as many
academic studies have shown that a regular yoga routine, preferably just before bedtime, can
bring this about. However, yoga is not intended as a replacement for meeting the weekly exercise
targets recommended by many government health departments: more demanding activities such as
swimming, cycling or running are required for these.
 www.dynamicpapers.com

You are going to give a talk about yoga to your class at school. Prepare some notes to use as the basis
for your talk.

Make short notes under each heading.

11 The history of yoga:

• ...............................................................................................................................................

• ......................................................................................................................................... [2]

12 Proven benefits of yoga:

• ...............................................................................................................................................

• ...............................................................................................................................................

• ...............................................................................................................................................

• ......................................................................................................................................... [4]

13 Problems that can occur when doing yoga:

• ...............................................................................................................................................

• ...............................................................................................................................................

• ......................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]
 Uncle Wilbur

My uncle Wilbur used to spend hours every day checking on the lightning rods that stood guard on
the roof of his house. We get a lot of storms here in our state. Sometimes we see wind up to sixty
miles per hour and baseball-size hail. Lightning, Uncle Wilbur would say, is a living thing, and like a
cat, it will strike anything that moves. You’d better not tempt it, he always told us. He advised my
cousins and me to always be mindful of the nearest sheltering tree. He said we should be prepared to
drop to the ground like a hot potato at the first sound of thunder. Knowing that lightning is attracted to
the tallest thing around, Uncle Wilbur worried constantly about my cousin Jared, who, at sixteen, was
6’2” and still growing.

Uncle Wilbur has always been a smart man. We all listened as he dismissed the automobile as a
passing fancy. Every year it seemed more and more Model Ts came rolling into town, but Uncle
Wilbur insisted that nothing could replace the reliability of a good old-fashioned mule when it came to
transportation, work, or even entertainment. Yes, Uncle Wilbur’s Mule Olympics, complete with
obstacle courses and a long jump, was known far and wide. Sadly, the Mule Olympics did not survive
into the next decade because the mules got too old and lost interest.

Nonetheless, my uncle Wilbur continued to predict future trends and warn us of impending tragedy.
To this day, he reminds us that he foresaw the stock market crash of 1929, and that’s why he kept his
money wrapped in a handkerchief under his mattress. When the government started collecting income
taxes a few years back, Uncle Wilbur reluctantly shared his wealth with Uncle Sam, insisting that the
money was just a temporary loan.

Uncle Wilbur did not take kindly to the power company man who came knocking one day in 1936.
This was the year the government launched a campaign to bring electricity to rural areas like ours.
Most people, like Uncle Wilbur, were a little wary of having electricity in their homes. Many of us
had running water, and we just weren’t sure that the two mixed. Nevertheless, Uncle Wilbur was
downright floored when the man said he wanted to string power lines up to the house. Nearly losing
his temper, Uncle Wilbur exclaimed, “Here I am doing everything in my power to keep from getting
struck by lightning, and you want to bring it right to my doorstep?” He sent the man on his way with
a “No, thank you,” and a “Good day, sir,” but in the months that followed, we all eventually relented
and let in the light. I must admit, playing checkers in the dark is a talent you can easily lose without
daily practice.

Many things have changed since those times. Uncle Wilbur still lives in mortal fear of a lightning
strike, but because he doesn’t get out much anymore, most of his lightning rods have rusted through
and fallen to the ground. Uncle Wilbur lives mostly on Social Security, which he proudly proclaims as
his victory (see, he says, the government did eventually give his money back). He probably spends
more time reminiscing about the past than he does making future predictions, but Uncle Wilbur will be
the first to tell you that television will never be as popular as radio, and the idea of a human traveling
into outer space is just plain crazy!

43
 D. aw
564526 / I1

2. Which phrase is an example of personification?

A. lightning rods standing guard

B. dismissed the automobile as a passing fancy
C. string power lines up to the house
D. idea of a human traveling into outer space
564524 / I2

3. How would Uncle Wilbur feel about cellular phones?

A. fearful
B. distrustful
C. welcoming
D. indifferent
564517 / I3

4. Compared to Uncle Wilbur, how does the narrator feel toward modern advancements?

A. resisting
B. accepting
C. uncertain
D. exhilarated
564521 / I4

45
5. Which reason explains why the author wrote about Uncle Wilbur?

A. to explain him
B. to pacify him
C. to remember him
D. to persuade him 564523 / I5

6. Which pair of words best describe how the narrator most likely feels about Uncle Wilbur?

A. annoyed and frustrated

B. respectful and amused
C. sad and indifferent
D. envious and distrustful 564515 / I6

7. What BEST describes the passage?

A. a character sketch
B. a factual research
C. a persuasive essay
D. a news article 564519 / I7

65
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Exercise 6

16 Recently, your school held a sports day in which all students had to take part in sports competitions.
Your headteacher has asked you to write a report about it.

In your report, say what was good about the sports day, and suggest how it could be made more
enjoyable for all students next year.

Here are two comments from students:

Seeing students who are great

I hate sport but I still have
at sport makes me want to do
to take part, which isn’t fair.
better.

Write a report for your headteacher, giving your views.

The comments above may give you some ideas, and you can also use some ideas of your own.

Your report should be between 150 and 200 words long.

You will receive up to 8 marks for the content of your report, and up to 8 marks for the language
used.
 www.dynamicpapers.com

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

[Total: 16]
www.dynamicpapers.com
 www.dynamicpapers.com
2

Exercise 1

Read the leaflet about a photography course, and then answer the following questions.

Photography for Teens

A week-long course at Dean College

Are you interested in photography? Have you got time to fill in the holidays? If so, Photography for
Teens is for you! We began running a range of short courses an incredible twenty-five years ago,
and added this particular course to the programme seventeen years ago, so we have plenty of
experience to offer you! Read on if you would like to find out more.

On a Photography for Teens course, you will explore how to take different kinds of photographs
each day. What tends to appeal to students above all is portrait photography, but everyone loves
street photography and action shots too. Underwater photography will be introduced this year,
which we hope will also be a hit.

Each morning, your tutor will show you various pictures, and you will find out how to take similar
ones yourself. But before that, you will learn something about the equipment photographers use.
That’s all provided – even cameras – but we strongly recommend that you come with comfortable
shoes, as there’s lots of walking involved. You won’t be spending all day in a classroom! Each
afternoon, we leave the college and go out to practise the techniques and skills you’ve learned. For
example, on the first day, we walk around the market, where there’s always plenty to photograph;
the following day, we head to the nature reserve. On another day, there’s a trip to the local zoo,
which we haven’t been to before. But wherever we go, the final session of the day is back in the
studio at college. After you’ve had a chance to download the photos you’ve taken, you take part in
a group discussion. That’s when most people feel they learn a lot, so we allow a full hour for this.

Who will be on a Photography for Teens course? Until this year, it has been open to anyone
between the ages of 13 and 15. However, 16-year-olds can also sign up now. We can take up
to 30 students each week, but don’t worry, you will work in smaller groups for the majority of the
sessions. Rather than splitting you up by age, you will be organised according to your photography
experience. You will be in your groups for the practical sessions but will all come together for a few
events each week. For example, there will be a talk on careers in photography for the first time!

We ask all our students to give us feedback after their course, and we use this to try to make
improvements. For example, this year lunch will be included in the course fee. One of the questions
on the feedback form is about what students feel they have got from doing this course – and
naturally, the majority mention improving their photography skills. Others often comment on gaining
confidence, which they were surprised about. Almost everyone lists making new friends too, which
you would expect. But who would have thought that improving their presentation skills would be
such a common response?

We hope that you will be able to join us on the next Photography for Teens course. Go to our
website for lots more information and to download a registration form. Don’t delay – places book
up quickly!
 www.dynamicpapers.com

1 When did the first Photography for Teens course take place?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

2 Which type of photography is usually the most popular?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

3 What happens at the start of the first class each day?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

4 What do students need to bring with them?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

5 Where will students go on the second afternoon?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

6 What is the last activity that students do each day?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

7 How are the students divided into groups?

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

8 What unexpected benefits of doing this course are mentioned by many students? Give two details.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

9 How will the next course be different from previous ones? Give four details.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 13]
 www.dynamicpapers.com
4

Exercise 2

Read sections A–D of a magazine article about dreaming. Then answer Question 10(a)–(j).

Why we dream
A
Imagine the following scene. You go to your local supermarket to buy some milk, but when you
put it into your shopping basket, it becomes a talking fish. You then realise that school starts in
five minutes, but you are still wearing your pyjamas and you left your books at your grandmother’s
house. Then you suddenly wake up, and wonder what it was all about. How can a dream like that
be explained? Some people might argue that a dream consists of a series of routine past events
that your brain mixes up and replays, as if it is testing the connections between them. So could it
be a way of ensuring that you recall these events in the future? Another explanation is that a dream
is connected to inner feelings that the person may not even be aware of. The objects in the dream
and the order of events all have a particular meaning and need to be explained by an expert.

B
One thing we do know is that the question of why we dream tends to divide scientists. All sorts
of theories have been proposed, although it is almost impossible to prove any of them. And
that’s because there’s no way of recording dreams accurately, and their content is often heavily
influenced by our feelings. It could even be the case that dreaming is simply brain activity that
lacks any function, and can’t be explained in any other way. But there is a new theory about why
we dream. For many of us, our daily lives consist of a series of fixed routines – we do the same
things at the same times each day, and we don’t often experience unusual situations. Therefore
our brains deliberately introduce something weird into our dreams so that we are able to cope
better when something unexpected actually occurs later in real life.

C
An assistant professor called Erik Hoel came up with this idea about dreams after spending some
time looking into artificial intelligence, which is the way that computers or robots are programmed
to learn. He noted that a computer quickly becomes familiar with the data being used to train it.
As a result, the computer expects that everything it encounters in the future will follow the same
pattern – which is unlikely to be the case. Therefore, at this stage of programming, a new set of
very different data has to be entered. The computer then has to work out a way to deal with the
new data. In doing so, it is almost as if the computer is learning to think for itself. It occurred to Hoel
that the human brain works in a very similar way, and this led him to propose his recent theory
about dreams.

D
Despite the number of theories about why we dream, what makes Hoel’s theory stand out is that
other scientists feel it is a believable idea, and that there already appears to be some evidence to
support it. Take, for instance, the following situation: if someone is learning a new task, or practising
a skill, and they repeat it again and again while they are awake, it is more likely that this task or
skill will appear in their dreams, but in a different context. It seems that repeated training such as
this causes the brain to try to work out what else there is to know about this task, so it can deal with
different situations in the future. This may also explain why we often get better at physical tasks
following a good night’s sleep.
 www.dynamicpapers.com
5

10 For each question, write the correct letter A, B, C or D on the line.

Which section includes the following information?

(a) the suggestion that dreams do not have a purpose .......... [1]

(b) the suggestion that dreams are connected to memory .......... [1]

(c) how scientists deal with a potential issue .......... [1]

(d) the idea that dreams represent hidden emotions .......... [1]

(e) a reason why one theory is accepted more than others .......... [1]

(f) reasons why scientists disagree about why we dream .......... [1]

(g) an example of a strange dream .......... [1]

(h) how to increase the chance of dreaming about a particular action .......... [1]

(i) how strange dreams might help people to manage future challenges .......... [1]

(j) some research which inspired a scientist to suggest a theory .......... [1]

[Total: 10]
 www.dynamicpapers.com
6

Exercise 3

Read the article about teenagers who enjoy knitting, and then complete the notes.

A new generation of knitters

Rose Williams was sitting at home with her teenage son, Harry, one evening. A keen football fan,
he was nervously watching his favourite team play on television, while she was calmly knitting.
‘Suddenly, he said he wanted to try knitting,’ she says. ‘I was so surprised that I didn’t answer
at first. I just thought he was joking!’ He was serious, however. He had realised that while he
was nervously watching his team play, knitting could help him to stay calm. So, over the next few
weeks, Rose taught him the basics. Soon, he even started taking his knitting into school, where
reactions were mixed. Some of his classmates wondered whether it is boring to do. But others
admitted that they also enjoy knitting, and had taken it up as it allowed them to be creative. Soon
they were exchanging ideas with each other during breaks between lessons.

You might be surprised to discover how many teenagers are into knitting. Look online, and you’ll
soon see photos of girls, and increasingly boys too, busily working with a pair of needles and some
wool. Bella Green, who is 14, realised a year ago that she wanted to have a go at knitting, mainly
to continue a family tradition. Her mum and both her grandmothers are all enthusiastic knitters, and
Bella had often been given gloves, scarves and hats that they had made, not all of which were to
her taste. She realised that if she could learn, she’d be able to make things in a particular style.
Friends are often curious about how long it takes to make something. ‘That depends how much
homework I have to do!’ she says.

Jon Kelso, 17, says his two main hobbies are swimming and knitting. He’s a competitive swimmer
and often travels the length of the country to take part in tournaments. Rather than just listening to
music or playing games on his phone, Jon decided he wanted to do something practical on long
journeys. And knitting was the answer. One or two of his teammates were interested, though they
wanted to know how expensive it is to do. Jon pointed out that you can borrow needles, and people
often have spare wool that they don’t want any more, so it doesn’t need to cost much at all.

Maki Tanaka took up knitting at the age of 13. She read an article in the local newspaper about a
woman who wanted people to help with an art project, and she decided to get involved. Everyone
had to knit small squares in a range of different colours, which the woman would sew together and
use to cover an ugly concrete wall in the town centre. Maki enjoyed the experience so much that
she encouraged some of her friends to take up knitting too so that together they would be able to
form an after-school club. Classmates often want to find out what the best way to learn is. Maki
says she learned by watching other people, and often looks at online videos to get new ideas.
‘Everyone should try it,’ she says. ‘You’ll soon discover how much fun it is!’
 www.dynamicpapers.com
7

You are going to give a talk to your class about teenagers who knit. Prepare some notes to use as the
basis for your talk.

Make short notes under each heading.

11 Reasons why the teenagers started knitting:

• .............................................................................................................................................

• .............................................................................................................................................

• .............................................................................................................................................

• .............................................................................................................................................

• .............................................................................................................................................

• ....................................................................................................................................... [6]

12 What the teenagers have been asked about knitting:

• .............................................................................................................................................

• .............................................................................................................................................

• ....................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]
 The Happiness Effect

Happiness may be the primary goal of human existence. Philosophers have wrestled with the
concept of happiness. Legislators create laws to support citizens’ rights to pursue happiness. Television,
radio, and print advertisers assure consumers that various products will guarantee happiness. Interestingly,
people have a tendency to believe they are happier than their neighbors, and they are optimistic about
their happiness in the future. Most people assume that they will be happier a decade from now than they
are today.

Clearly, everyone from writers and philosophers to legislators and the average person on the street
thinks a great deal about happiness. What makes happiness so important to human existence?

Why Be Happy?

Not only does happiness feel good, but it appears to provide a variety of psychological and physical
benefits. Happiness plays a significant role in enhancing good health, strengthening the immune system,
promoting longevity, improving productivity and performance, and increasing resilience. Happy people
work hard, play hard, have an active social life (and a social conscience), experience good health, and live
longer. A happy person lives an average of nine years longer than a miserable one.

The Opposite of Happiness

4 When studying happiness, it makes sense that its opposite condition would also be a topic of
examination. Scientists have observed that there are two unfortunate life events that induce profound
unhappiness, perhaps over the course of many years: the loss of a spouse and the loss of a job.

What Causes Happiness?

However, good news abounds in the study of happiness. Fortunately, humans experience happiness
from a wide range of stimuli, from traveling to an exotic destination to redecorating one’s home or from
winning a game of soccer to eating a delicious meal. Simply watching a favorite television show or
laughing at a funny joke can boost a depressed mood. While the happiness produced by such experiences
tends to be short lived, certain conditions do promote a more long-lasting and durable state of happiness
as a lifestyle: a wide social network, believing in a meaningful reason for one’s existence, and establishing
goals and working to achieve them.
With a Little Help from My Friends

Surprisingly, income is not a primary factor in determining a person’s level of happiness once the
basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter have been met. More important is one’s social network. Being
socially active may be more effective in increasing one’s immunity to illness than a vaccine. Misery may
love company, but so does happiness, and having close friends and family is vital to one’s overall level of
happiness. (If friends and family are crucial, so is a loving partner. Research suggests that being married
increases one’s potential for happiness.) Even sharing one’s home with an animal companion can make a
person happier.

67
Why Am I Here?

Scientists report that believing in some kind of meaning for one’s life is necessary to living a happy
life. This may be a religion, a code of ethics, a particular value system, a philosophy, or any other reason
for being that lifts people out of the mundane routine of daily existence and gives their life meaning
beyond a weekly paycheck.

The Habit of Happiness

Happiness is not an innate characteristic but may actually be developed as a habit. Scientists suggest
that incorporating new habits and practices can go a long way in increasing one’s state of happiness.
While people generally do not transform their basic temperaments, people can learn to become happier by
participating in a variety of activities, including socializing, watching funny movies or reading funny
books, keeping a gratitude journal (writing a daily list of three to five things for which one is grateful),
involving oneself in pleasurable activities, such as sports, hobbies, or the arts, focusing on positive
outcomes, and performing acts of kindness for others. Apparently, doing something to make someone else
happy will make you happy, too.

Reasons to Smile

Smiling…
is contagious.
relieves stress.
improves your mood.
helps you stay positive.
lowers your blood pressure.
attracts other people to you.
makes you appear confident.
boosts your immune system.

8. In the section Why Be Happy?, why does the author include parentheses around “and a social
conscience”?

A. to point out that social conscience leads to good health

B. to emphasize the importance of playing and working hard
C. to point out that having a social conscience can promote longevity
D. to emphasize the importance of social conscience as a part of an active social life
564399 / I8

87
9. What change occurs as a result of adding the prefix un- to fortunate in paragraph 4?

A. the word becomes more intense

B. the word becomes less intense
C. the word takes on the opposite meaning
D. the word takes on a different part of speech
599580 / I9

10. Which statement summarizes the heading What Causes Happiness?

A. A wide social network is the key to happiness.

B. Laughing at funny jokes helps to lift a gloomy mood.
C. Scientists conclude that good news leads to long-lasting happiness.
D. Both short- and long-term happiness are caused by a variety of experiences.
565760 / I10

11. In the section With a Little Help from My Friends, why does the author use the phrase “misery
may love company”?

A. to convince people that pets are better company than a loving partner
B. to encourage people to find mates for their friends who are unhappy
C. to point out that people will be happier with positive relationships
D. to recommend that people try to influence negative people in a positive way
564395 / I11

12. What is one assumption the author makes about attaining happiness?

A. Some people find comfort in mundane routines.

B. A person needs a social network to attain happiness.
C. Reading and writing about your problems will produce happiness.
D. Convincing negative people to become positive is a life goal.
564396 / I12

89
13. In the section The Habit of Happiness, what does the word innate mean?

A. natural and existing

B. incomplete and building
C. absent and unfamiliar
D. learned and habitual 564394 / I13

14. Which statement is an opinion?

A. Happiness is not a physical characteristic.

B. Legislators create laws to support happiness.
C. Happiness may be the primary goal of human existence.
D. Advertisers use happiness to promote their products. 565762 / I14

109
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Exercise 5

14 Your family recently decided to sell their car, and not get another one.

Write an email to a friend telling them about living without a car.

In your email, you should:

• explain why your family decided to live without a car

• describe how you will travel around in the future

• say what might be difficult about not having a car.

The pictures above may give you some ideas, and you can also use some ideas of your own.

Your email should be between 150 and 200 words long.

You will receive up to 8 marks for the content of your email, and up to 8 marks for the language
used.
 www.dynamicpapers.com

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

[Total: 16]
 www.dynamicpapers.com

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

[Total: 16]
 www.dynamicpapers.com
12

Exercise 6

15 You have been using a coursebook in your English lessons at school. Your teacher has asked you
to review the coursebook, so your teacher can decide whether to use it with other classes in the
future.

Here are two comments from your classmates:

The topics are a bit boring.

The grammar is
explained clearly.

Write a review of the coursebook for your teacher, giving your views.

The comments above may give you some ideas, and you can also use some ideas of your own.

Your review should be between 150 and 200 words long.

You will receive up to 8 marks for the content of your review, and up to 8 marks for the language
used.
 www.dynamicpapers.com

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

[Total: 16]
 www.dynamicpapers.com

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

[Total: 16]