DCP FY 2022 Accounts

DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
31 DECEMBER 2022
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022
CONTENTS PAGE
Directors' report 2
Report of the Statutory Audit Committee 7
Statement of Directors' responsibilities for the preparation and approval of the financial statements 8
Statement of corporate responsibility for the consolidated and separate financial statements 9
Independent auditor's report 10
Consolidated and separate statements of profit or loss 15
Consolidated and separate statements of comprehensive income 16
Consolidated and separate statements of financial position 17
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 18
Separate statement of changes in equity 19
Consolidated and separate statements of cash flows 20
Notes to the consolidated and separate financial statements 21
Five-year financial summary (Group) - Other National disclosure 88
Five-year financial summary (Company) - Other National disclosure 89
Statement of value added - Other National disclosures 90

DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
Directors’ Report
The Directors of Dangote Cement Plc present the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements for the year ended 31st
December 2022. The Directors have considered all the matters brought before them in the financial year under review and are
satisfied that the Directors’ Report represents a fair, balanced and realistic view of events.
Legal form
Obajana Cement Plc., subsequently renamed Dangote Cement Plc by virtue of a special resolution dated 14th July 2010, was
incorporated in Nigeria as a public limited company on 4th November 1992 and commenced operations in January 2007.
Dangote Cement Plc listed its shares on the Nigerian Exchange Limited (“the Exchange”) on 26th October 2010, and it has a
market capitalisation of N4.3 trillion as at 31st December 2022.
Principal activities
The Company was incorporated for the purpose of establishing factories for the preparation, manufacture, sale and
distribution of cement and related products. Our operational activities are undertaken at various plants in Nigeria and through
our subsidiaries across Africa. Details of our production, grinding and import facilities in Africa can be found in note 18 of the
Financial Statements.
Subsequent events
Other than those disclosed in note 36 of the Financial Statements, there were no other events after the reporting date which
could have had a material effect on the financial position of Dangote Cement Plc (“the Company”) and its Subsidiaries
(together “the Group) as of 31st December 2022, which have not been adequately provided for in the Financial Statements.
Directors’ responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for preparing the financial statements, which they confirm gives a true and fair view of the
Group and Company’s state of affairs and the profit or loss for the year ended 31st December 2022. The financial statements
comply with the provisions of the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), 2020, International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS) and Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act. 2011. In so doing, they ensure that they act in accordance
with the Directors’ responsibilities outlined below:
1. The Board is charged with ensuring that appropriate values and ethics, of the Company are agreed and that appropriate
procedures and policies are in place to ensure that these are implemented effectively. The Board ensures leadership through
oversight and review. Supported by its Committees, the Board sets the Company’s strategic direction and aims to deliver a
sustainable increase in shareholder value over the longer term.
2. The Board ensures that proper accounting records are maintained. The accounting policies are consistently applied, and
appropriate financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, conforming to applicable law and standards. Most of
this responsibility is delegated to the Board Finance and Investment Committee.
3. The Board ensures that internal control procedures are established to safeguard the Company’s assets and detect fraud and
other irregularities. It also oversees the implementation of risk assessment processes to identify, manage and mitigate the
principal risks of the Company’s business. Much of this work is delegated to the Board Audit, Risk and Compliance
Committee.
4. The Board reviews the remuneration framework, performance criteria and succession planning at Board and Executive
Management level. It also oversees the Group’s human resources strategy, including the organizational and compensation
structures. Much of these responsibilities are delegated to the Board Remuneration, Governance and Nomination Committee.
5. The Board reviews the structure of the Board and develops governance policies in line with regulatory requirements and
international best practices. Many of these responsibilities are delegated to the Board Remuneration, Governance and
Nomination Committee.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
Directors’ Report continued
6. The Board ensures that the technical and operational aspects of the business are conducted in line with global best
practices. It assesses the feasibility of proposed new projects and ensures that plant operations comply with local and
international laws and align with our business goals. Also, it is responsible for overseeing new technology and development
programmes of the business. Many of these responsibilities are delegated to the Board Technical and Sustainability
Committee.
Board Committees
The Board Committees do not assume the functions of management, which remain the responsibility of the Group Managing
Director and Executive Management. Members of Senior Management are invited to attend meetings of Board Committees as
required, while the Committee Chairmen hold further meetings with certain members of Executive Management to better
review areas of concern. The reports of the Committees are presented at Board meetings. As part of the review of the
effectiveness of its Committees, the Board has considered the qualifications and experience of the members and is satisfied
that all the Committee members bring a wide range of knowledge and skill and will effectively discharge their duties. The
Company Secretary is the Secretary to each Committee.
Results for The Year

• Group revenue increased by 17% to ₦1,618 billion (2021: ₦1,384 billion).
• Company revenue increased by 21% to ₦1,205 billion (2021: ₦993 billion)
• Group net profit increased by 5% to ₦382 billion (2021: ₦364 billion).
• Company net profit increased by 6% to ₦403 billion (2021: ₦381 billion).
• Group earnings per share increased by 5% to ₦22.27 billion (2021: ₦21.24).
• Company earnings per share increased by 6% to ₦23.87 billion (2021: ₦22.42).
Dividends
The Directors pursue a dividend policy that reflects the Company’s earnings and cash flow, while maintaining appropriate
levels of dividend cover. They consider the capital needed to fund the Company’s operations and expansion plans. For the
2022 financial year, the Directors are pleased to recommend a dividend of ₦20.00 per ordinary 50 kobo share
(2021: ₦20.00). The Board considers that the proposed dividend is appropriate and is in line with the Company’s strategic
growth objectives. If the shareholders approve this dividend at the Annual General Meeting, dividends will be paid to the
shareholders whose names are registered in the Company’s Register of Members at the close of business on the Qualification
Date.
Unclaimed dividends
The total unclaimed dividends outstanding as of 31st December 2022 is ₦4.4 billion (2021: ₦4.6 billion). A list of unclaimed
dividends is available on the Company’s website at www.dangotecement.com. The Company notes that some dividend
warrants remain unclaimed. Shareholders with unclaimed share certificates or dividends should address their claims to
Coronation Registrars Ltd registrars at eforms@coronationregistrars.com or 9, Amodu Ojikutu Street, Victoria Island,
Lagos, Nigeria. Members are encouraged to notify the registrars of any changes in their details.
Directors
As of 24th February 2023, Dangote Cement Plc had 15 Directors, all of whom held office as of the 31st December 2022.
Michel Puchercos resigned effective 28th February 2023, while Arvind Pathak was appointed Group Managing Director
effective 1st March 2023. The appointment, removal or reappointment of Directors is governed by the Company’s Articles of
Association, the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), 2020, and board and governance policies. These documents also
set out the rights and obligations of Directors. In accordance with the Articles of Association of Dangote Cement Plc,
prevailing legislation and any directions via resolution, the business of the Company is managed by the Directors, who in
good faith, exercise all such powers on behalf of the Company.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
Directors’ interests
In accordance with the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), 2020, the Directors’ interests in the issued share capital
of the Company are recorded in the Register of Members and stated below:
As at 21 As at 31 As at 31
S/N REG NO Shareholder February 2023 December 2022 December 2021
1a 9749911 Aliko Dangote 27,642,637 27,642,637 27,642,637
9780595,
1b (Indirect: Aliko Dangote) Dangote Industries Ltd. 14,621,387,610 14,621,387,610 14,621,387,610
9745479
9749838,
2 Olakunle Alake 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000
9801662
3 9793235 Abdu Dantata 8,680 8,680 8,680
4 9816994 Devakumar V. G. Edwin 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000
5 9823752 Ernest Ebi 100,000 100,000 100,000
6a 9860372 Emmanuel Ikazoboh 250,000 250,000 -
Indirect: Emmanuel Ikazoboh) Arm Nom: Osigbeme,
6b 9822918 - - 58,149
Enterprises Limited
7a Douraid Zaghouani - - -
(Indirect: Douraid Zaghouani) Investment
7b 9798680 243,540,000 243,540,000 243,540,000
Corporation of Dubai
8a Viswanathan Shankar - - -
8b 9838639 (Indirect: Viswanathan Shankar) GW Grey, Pte Ltd 128,560,764 128,560,764 128,560,764
9 9858127 Halima Aliko-Dangote 500,000 500,000 -
10 Dorothy Udeme Ufot - - -
11 Michael Davis - - -
12 Cherie Blair - - -
13 Michel Puchercos - - -
14 Berlina Moroole - - -
15 Philip Mathew - - -
Conflicts of interest
The Company maintains a Register of Directors’ interest in accordance with the requirements of the Companies and Allied
Act (CAMA), 2020. The Company also applies a conflict of interest Policy developed in accordance with international best
practices and Corporate Governance Codes, as well as the Investment and Securities Act, 2007.
Supplier payment policy
It is the practice of the Company to agree on the terms of payment negotiated with suppliers and pay according to those
terms based upon receipt of accurate invoices. Trade creditor days for the year ended 31st December 2022 were 38 days on
average for the Group (2021: 70 days) and 21 days for the Company (2021: 76 days).
Property, plant and equipment

Information relating to changes in property, plant and equipment is disclosed in note 15 of the Financial Statements.
Donations
Sponsorship and charitable donations amounted to ₦1.6 billion (2021: ₦2.5 billion) for the Group and ₦1.3 billion (2021:
₦2.0 billion) for the Company. In accordance with Section 43(2) of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020 ("CAMA"),
the Company did not make any donation or give gifts to any political party, political association or for any political purpose
during the year (2021: Nil).
Sustainability
Dangote Cement Plc is committed to complying with all applicable legislation, regulations and codes of practice. We
integrate sustainability considerations into all our business decisions and ensure that our stakeholders are aware of our
Sustainability Policy.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
Corporate governance and investor relations

During the financial year under review, the Company complied with the Nigerian Exchange Limited Rules and has not
been fined by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC), Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC), nor Nigerian
Exchange Limited (NGX) for any infringements. The Board engaged Deloitte & Touche led by Mrs Ibukun Beecroft
(FRC/2020/ICAN/00000020765) to carry out corporate governance and board evaluation. The result indicated that
the Corporate Governance framework in Dangote Cement Plc complies with the extant Codes of Corporate
Governance provisions. The Company pursues an active investor relations programme with investor meetings and
earnings calls throughout the year. Our website contains information about the Company’s performance and strategy.
Employees
Dangote Cement Plc operates a policy of non-discrimination and considers all employment applications equitably.
Efforts are made to ensure that the most qualified person is recruited for the position, irrespective of religion, ethnic
group, physical condition or state of origin. While no disabled people were employed during the year under review, it is
the policy where existing employees become disabled to provide continuing employment under similar or, if possible
adjusted conditions. We review our employment policies in line with the strategic objectives of our business and ensure
that information is disseminated to employees through various means, including through notice boards and Company
emails. We consult employees regularly to ensure that their views are considered when making decisions that are likely
to affect their interests and to achieve a shared awareness of the factors affecting the Company.
Health, safety at work and welfare of employees

Dangote Cement Plc recognises the importance of safeguarding the health and safety of its workforce. Safety and
environment workshops are organised, while fire prevention and firefighting equipment are installed in strategic
locations in the offices and plants. The Company provides personal protective equipment (PPE) and other safety
equipment and has developed several Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE) policies, including the 15 HSSE
Golden Rules.
Training and development

Dangote Cement Plc is committed to supporting the development of all its employees. The fundamental purpose is to
facilitate personal and professional development enabling individuals to achieve their full potential at work. The
Dangote Academy offers training programmes for employees across the Group, with facilitation from professionals and
other training experts. The courses are designed to help employees in the performance of their designated roles and to
help them to fulfil their potential. Our policy is that all employees have at least one annual performance review a year,
with their head of department or line manager. Training and development needs will be assessed, and ways of meeting
these will be identified, and an appropriate timescale agreed.
Retirement benefits
The Company operates a group life policy and a contributory pension scheme for its employees in Nigeria, in line with
the provisions of the Pension Reform Act 2014. The scheme is funded through employees’ and employers’
contributions as prescribed by the Act.
Research and innovation
With rapid urbanisation and population growth in Africa, the Company realises that meeting housing and infrastructure
needs will be a challenge. We are constantly looking for new product solutions to respond to these construction
challenges.
Capital structure
The Company has one class of ordinary shares, which reflect the total value of the share capital. Each ordinary share
carries the right to one vote at the Company’s Annual General Meeting. The shareholding and transfer of shares are
governed by the Company’s Articles of Association and relevant regulations. There are no restrictions with respect
thereto. The Articles of Association may be amended by a special resolution approved by the shareholders.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
Substantial interest in shares

All shares other than treasury shares and shares held by Dangote Industries Limited (85.8%) and Aliko Dangote (0.16%) are
considered free float shares. Aliko Dangote is the ultimate owner of Dangote Industries Limited. All issued shares are fully
paid, and no additional shares were issued during the year under review. As of 31st December 2022, and 24th February 2023,
Dangote Industries Limited and Stanbic IBTC Nominees Nigeria Ltd held more than 5% of the Company's issued share capital
detailed below. Aside from Dangote Industries Limited and Stanbic IBTC Nominees Nigeria Limited, no other individual(s) or
entity(s) hold(s) 5% and above of the Company’s shares.
Dangote Stanbic IBTC

Date Details
Industries Ltd. Nominees Ltd
As of 31st December 2021, Units 14,621,387,610 962,835,709
% 85.8 5.65
As of 31st December 2022, Units 14,621,387,610 961,790,939
% 85.8 5.64
As of 21st February 2023, Units 14,621,387,610 957,710,499
% 85.8 5.62
Share Buy-Back Programme

The Company’s shareholders approved the execution of the Share Buy-Back Programme at the Extraordinary General
Meeting, which was held on 13th December 2022. This Programme, which involves the Company’s buy-back of up to 10% of
its issued shares, will be effected in tranches. The execution of tranches I and II did not have any material impact on the
Company’s financial position. Further details are as follows:
Share Capital Analysis Units

Pre-Buy-Back number of shares 17,040,507,404
Shares bought back from 30th to 31st December 2020 (Tranche I) (40,200,000)
Shares bought back from 19th to 20th January 2022 (Tranche II) (126,748,153)
Total number of residual issued and fully paid outstanding shares 16,873,559,251
Number of shares cancelled. Nil
Independent auditors
Messrs. KPMG Professional Services, having satisfied the relevant corporate governance rules on their tenure in office have
indicated their willingness to continue in office as auditors to the Company. In accordance with Section 401(2) of the
Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), 2020, therefore, the independent auditors will be re-appointed at the next annual
general meeting of the Company without any resolution being passed. A resolution will however be proposed authorizing the
Directors to fix their remuneration.
By the Order of the Board of Directors.
Edward Imoedemhe
Acting Company Secretary
FRC/2021/002/00000022594
Leadway Marble House,
1, Alfred Rewane Road,
P. O. Box 40032,
Falomo, Ikoyi, Lagos.
Dated 24th February 2023
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Report of the Statutory Audit Committee
In accordance with Section 404 (7) of the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), 2020 and Section
30.4 of the SEC Code, the members of the Statutory Audit Committee of Dangote Cement Plc hereby report
as follows:
“We have exercised our statutory functions under Section 404 (7) of the Companies and Allied Matters
Act, 2020 and we acknowledge the cooperation of the Board, management and staff in the conduct of these
responsibilities. After careful consideration of the report of the external auditors, we accepted the report
that the Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s financial affairs as at 31st
December, 2022.
We confirm that:
I. The accounting and reporting policies of the Group and Company are in accordance with legal
and regulatory requirements as well as agreed ethical practices.
II. We reviewed the scope and planning of audit requirements and found them adequate.
III. We reviewed the findings on the management letter prepared by the external auditors and found
management responses to the findings satisfactory.
IV. The accounting and internal controls system is constantly and effectively being monitored
through an effective internal audit function.
V. We made recommendations to the Board on the reappointment and remuneration of the external
auditors and also reviewed the provision made in the Financial Statements for the remuneration
of the external auditors.
VI. We considered that the external auditors are independent and qualified to perform their duties
effectively.
The Committee therefore recommends that the Audited Financial Statements for the year ended 31st
December, 2022 and the External Auditors’ report thereon be presented for adoption at this Annual General
Meeting.”
Robert Ade-Odiachi
Chairman, Statutory Audit Committee
FRC/2013/ICAN/00000004526
Members of the Statutory Audit Committee:

Robert Ade-Odiachi, Shareholders’ Representative
Nicholas Nyamali, Shareholders’ Representative
Sheriff Yussuf, Shareholders’ Representative
Olakunle Alake, Non-Executive Director
Ernest Ebi, Independent Non-Executive Director
STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF
THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022
The Directors of Dangote Cement Pie are responsible for the preparation of the consolidated and separate financial
statements that present fairly the financial position of the Group and Company as at 31 December 2022, and the results of its
operations, cash flows and changes in equity for the year then ended, in compliance with IFRS Standards issued by the
International Accounting Standard Board (IFRS Standards) and in the manner required by the Companies and Allied Matters
Act (CAMA), 2020 and the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act, 2011.
In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for:
properly selecting and applying accounting policies;

presenting information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and
understandable information;
providing additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRS Standards are insufficient to
enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the Group and Company's
financial position and financial performance; and
malting an assessment of the Group and Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
The Directors are responsible for:
designing, implementing and maintaining an effective and sound system of internal controls throughout the Group and
Company;
maintaining adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Group and Company's transactions
and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time, the financial position of the Group and Company, and which enable
them to ensure that the financial statements of the Group and Company comply with IFRS standards;
maintaining statutory accounting records in compliance with the legislation of Nigeria and IFRS Standards;
taking such steps as are reasonably available to them to safeguard the assets of the Group and Company; and
preventing and detecting fraud and other irregularities.
The Directors have assessed the Group and Company's ability to continue as a going concern and have no reason to
believe the Group and Company will not remain as a going concern in the year ahead.
The consolidated and separate financial statements of the Group and Company for the year ended 31 December 2022 were
approved by the Directors on 24 February 2023.
On behalf of the Directors
Aliko Dangote,GCON
Chairman Group Chief Executive O cer / Group Managing Director
FRC/2013/IODN/00000001766 FRC/2017/IODN/0000001 919
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INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
To the Shareholders of Dangote Cement Plc
Report on the Audit of the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements
Opinion
We have audited the consolidated and separate financial statements of Dangote Cement Plc (“the Company”) and its
subsidiaries (together, “the group”), which comprise:
• the consolidated and separate statements of financial position as at 31 December 2022;

• the consolidated and separate statements of profit or loss;
• the consolidated and separate statements of comprehensive income;
• the consolidated and separate statements of changes in equity;
• the consolidated and separate statements of cash flows for the year then ended; and
• the notes, comprising significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated and separate financial statements give a true and fair view of the
consolidated and separate financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as at 31 December 2022, and of its
consolidated and separate financial performance and its consolidated and separate cash flows for the year then ended in
accordance with IFRS Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS Standards) and in the
manner required by the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), 2020 and the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria
Act, 2011.
Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our responsibilities under those
standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the consolidated and separate Financial
Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group and Company in accordance with International
Ethics Standards Board for Accountants International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International
Independence Standards) (IESBA Code) together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the
consolidated and separate financial statements in Nigeria and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in
accordance with these requirements and the IESBA Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the
consolidated and separate financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of
our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate
opinion on these matters.
1. Investment in subsidiaries
Refer to significant accounting policies (Note 2.3.1) and related disclosures (Note 18.2) of the separate financial
statements
The key audit matter How the matter was addressed in our audit
As disclosed in Note 18.2 to the financial statements, the Our procedures included the following:
carrying amount of ₦249 billion representing the • We held inquiry sessions with management to
Company's investment in subsidiaries is significant. understand the process and procedures for the
Some of the subsidiaries are currently loss-making and identification of indicators of impairment of investment
are dependent on financial support mostly in the form of in subsidiaries.
loans and advances from the parent company for their • We checked that the impairment indicators were
ongoing operations (Note 31). appropriately identified as at the reporting date based
Judgment is required in estimating the recoverable on our knowledge of the business, its operating
amounts of the investment in subsidiaries. The environment and other information obtained during the
estimation of recoverable amounts involves making audit.
assumptions regarding the future performance of the • We assessed the reasonableness of the forecasts
subsidiaries, inherent uncertainties around presented for the subsidiaries with impairment triggers
macroeconomic decisions and climate-related risks by comparing them with historical performance.
involved in preparing forecasts and discounted future • We challenged management's assumptions,
cash flow projections and determining an appropriate judgements and decisions made in the calculation of
discount rate and terminal growth rate. the recoverable amounts by comparing them with
historical performance, industry trends and future
The significance of the amounts involved and the projections,
uncertainties inherent in estimating the recoverable considering the uncertainties around macroeconomic
amounts makes this a key audit matter in the separate factors and climate change.
financial statements. • We engaged our valuation specialist to test the
appropriateness of the discount rates and terminal
growth rates used.
• We assessed the appropriateness of the disclosures
in the financial statements required by the relevant
standards, including disclosures about sensitivities and
major sources of estimation uncertainties.
2. Restatement of financial statements of a subsidiary whose functional currency is the currency of a
hyperinflationary economy.
Refer to significant accounting policies (Note 2.33) and related disclosures of the consolidated financial
statements.
Dangote Industries (Ethiopia) Plc is one of the Our procedures included the following:
subsidiaries of Dangote Cement Plc (the Group) and • We held inquiry sessions with management to
accounts for ₦103.3 billion (6%), ₦ 33.3 billion (6%) and understand the characteristics of the economic
₦270.6 billion (10%) of the Group’s revenue, profit environment of Ethiopia in 2022 which indicates the
before tax and total assets respectively. (Note 2.33). In existence of hyperinflation by evaluating
2022, Ethiopia’s economic environment showed management’s assessment of the economy.
characteristics which indicates the existence of • We challenged management's assumptions and
hyperinflation and therefore the restatement of the judgements applied in the assessment of the economy
financial statements in accordance with International by comparing to publicly available information and
Accounting Standards 29: Financial Reporting in economic analysis.
Hyperinflationary Economies (IAS 29) was deemed • We evaluated management’s methodology and
necessary. approach to restatement of the financial statements in
accordance with IAS 29, by checking the
The determination of the existence of hyperinflation is a appropriateness of the classification of financial
matter of judgement based on the characteristics of the statements items as monetary and non-monetary
economic environment. Management believes that the items.
economic environment of Ethiopia in 2022 indicates the • We tested the restatement calculations prepared by
existence of hyperinflation. management’s expert and used to determine the
restated amounts by checking the mathematical
Furthermore, the methodology adopted as well as the accuracy in the computations.
detailed calculations for the restatement of the financial • We evaluated the reliability and reasonableness of
statements so that all items are presented in the current the data used in the restatement calculations by
purchasing power at the reporting date is complex and checking the underlying historical data and publicly
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requires significant effort. available information sources.
• We evaluated the adequacy and relevance of the
We focused on this area due to the judgement required presentation and disclosures in the financial
and complexity of the methodology adopted in statements as required by IAS 29.
determining the restated amounts, pervasiveness across
various financial statements items, as well as the nature
of disclosures required in the consolidated financial
statements.
3. Trade and other payables
Refer to significant accounting policies (Note 2.23) and related disclosures (Note 25) of the consolidated and
separate financial statements.
Included in trade and other payables as at 31 December Our procedures included the following:
2022 is an amount of ₦96 billion and ₦34 billion for • We reviewed documentation and performed a
Group and Company respectively related to vendors. walkthrough of the procure-to-pay process (PTP) to
identify process risk points and related controls.
We focused on this area due to the large volume and • We selected a sample of high-value balances and
value of vendor transactions, the numerous reconciling obtained confirmations from the vendors. We
items and the manual nature of the reconciliation maintained control over the confirmation process by
process. sending out the letters and requested that the vendors
responded directly to us.
This is considered a key audit matter in both the • We tested reconciliation statements prepared by
consolidated and separate financial statements. management at year end and checked the reconciling
items to underlying supporting documents such as
invoices, bank advices and confirmations, goods
received note and shipping documents.
• We assessed the presentation and appropriateness
of related disclosures with respect to the trade and
other payables in the financial statements.
Other Information
The Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Directors Report, Report of
the Statutory Audit Committee, Statement of Directors' Responsibilities for the preparation and approval of the financial
statements, Statement of Corporate Responsibility for the consolidated and separate Financial Statements and Other
National Disclosures which we obtained prior to the date of this auditors’ report; but does not include the consolidated
and separate financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Other information also includes Strategic report, The
Dangote Way, Corporate Governance report and Supplementary information, together the “Outstanding reports”, which
are expected to be made available to us after that date.
Our opinion on the consolidated and separate financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other
information identified above and in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the
consolidated and separate financial statements, or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be
materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed on the other information that we have obtained prior to
the date of this auditor’s report, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are
required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
When we read the Outstanding reports, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to
communicate the matter to those charged with governance.
Responsibilities of the Directors for the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements
The Directors are responsible for the preparation of consolidated and separate financial statements that give a true and
fair view in accordance with IFRS Standards and in the manner required by the Companies and Allied Matters Act
(CAMA), 2020 and the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act, 2011 and for such internal control as the directors
determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement,
whether due to fraud or error.
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In preparing the consolidated and separate financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group
and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and
using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group and Company or to
cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated and separate financial statements as
a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted
in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud
or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism
throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated and separate financial statements,
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit
evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material
misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery,
intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group
and Company’s internal control.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and
related disclosures made by the directors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit
evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant
doubt on the Group and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty
exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated and
separate financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are
based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions
may cause the Group and Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated and separate financial statements,
including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated and separate financial statements represent the underlying
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
• Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities
within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the
direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.
We communicate with Audit Committee regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and
significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide Audit Committee with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding
independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to
bear on our independence, and where applicable, actions taken to eliminate threats or safeguards applied.
From the matters communicated with Audit Committee, we determine those matters that were of most significance in
the audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit
matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the
matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report
because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits
of such communication.
13
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
Compliance with the requirements of Schedule 5 of the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA), 2020.
i. We have obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary
for the purpose of our audit.
ii. In our opinion, proper books of account have been kept by the Company, so far as appears from our examination of
those books.
iii. The Company’s statement of financial position, statement of profit or loss and statement of comprehensive income
are in agreement with the books of account.
Signed:
Goodluck C. Obi, FCA

FRC/2012/ICAN/00000000442
For: KPMG Professional Services
Chartered Accountants
25 February 2023
Lagos, Nigeria
14
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022
Group Company
Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended
Notes 31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Revenue 5 1,618,323 1,383,637 1,205,401 993,399
Production cost of sales 7 (662,890) (551,019) (455,122) (345,225)
Gross profit 955,433 832,618 750,279 648,174
Administrative expenses 8 (79,879) (64,349) (42,532) (33,319)
Selling and distribution expenses 9 (295,234) (191,658) (224,925) (132,285)
Other income 11 5,333 6,221 3,550 1,975
21 &
Impairment of financial assets 223 (341) (705) (402)
31.2
Profit from operating activities 585,876 582,491 485,667 484,143
Finance income 10.1 38,715 20,765 121,864 92,783
Finance costs 10.2 (130,370) (65,707) (62,541) (42,501)
Gain on monetary assets 2.33 29,022 - - -
Share of profit from associate 18.3 759 817 - -
Profit before tax 524,002 538,366 544,990 534,425

Income tax expense 14.1 (141,691) (173,927) (142,133) (153,325)
Profit for the year 382,311 364,439 402,857 381,100
Profit for the year attributable to:
Owners of the Company 375,988 361,008 402,857 381,100
Non-controlling Interests 6,323 3,431 - -
382,311 364,439 402,857 381,100
Earnings per share, basic and diluted (Naira) 13 22.27 21.24 23.87 22.42
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated and separate financial statements
15
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Profit for the year 382,311 364,439 402,857 381,100
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translating net investments in
23,074 265 - -
foreign operations
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 23,074 265 - -
Total comprehensive income for the year 405,385 364,704 402,857 381,100
Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to:

Owners of the Company 399,106 361,429 402,857 381,100
Non-controlling Interests 6,279 3,275 - -
405,385 364,704 402,857 381,100
16
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Group
Currency Attributable Non-

Share Share Treasury Retained translation Capital to owners of controlling
capital premium Shares earnings reserve contribution the Company interests Total equity
₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Balance as at 1 January 2021 8,520 42,430 (9,833) 779,271 52,681 2,877 875,946 15,024 890,970
Profit for the year - - - 361,008 - - 361,008 3,431 364,439
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax - - - - 421 - 421 (156) 265
Total comprehensive income for the year - - - 361,008 421 - 361,429 3,275 364,704
Dividends - - - (272,005) - - (272,005) - (272,005)

Balance as at 31 December 2021 8,520 42,430 (9,833) 868,274 53,102 2,877 965,370 18,299 983,669
Balance as at 1 January 2022 8,520 42,430 (9,833) 868,274 53,102 2,877 965,370 18,299 983,669
Profit for the year - - - 375,988 - - 375,988 6,323 382,311
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax - - - - 23,118 - 23,118 (44) 23,074
Total comprehensive income for the year - - - 375,988 23,118 - 399,106 6,279 405,385
Dividends - - - (337,471) - - (337,471) - (337,471)
Effect of shares buy-back (Note 23.5) - - (35,323) - - (35,323) - (35,323)
Gain on monetary assets (Note 2.33) - - - 62,687 - - 62,687 - 62,687
Balance as at 31 December 2022 8,520 42,430 (45,156) 969,478 76,220 2,877 1,054,369 24,578 1,078,947
18
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
SEPARATE STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Company
Share Treasury Capital Retained

Share capital premium Shares contribution earnings Total equity
₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Balance as at 1 January 2021 8,520 42,430 (9,833) 2,828 1,308,432 1,352,377
Profit for the year - - - - 381,100 381,100

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax - - - - - -
Total comprehensive income for the year - - - - 381,100 381,100
Dividends - - - - (272,005) (272,005)
Balance as at 31 December 2021 8,520 42,430 (9,833) 2,828 1,417,527 1,461,472
Balance as at 1 January 2022 8,520 42,430 (9,833) 2,828 1,417,527 1,461,472

Profit for the year - - - - 402,857 402,857
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax - - - - - -
Total comprehensive income for the year - - - - 402,857 402,857
Dividends - - - - (337,471) (337,471)
Effect of shares buy-back (Note 23.5) - - (35,323) - - (35,323)
Balance as at 31 December 2022 8,520 42,430 (45,156) 2,828 1,482,913 1,491,535
19
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Group Company
Notes 31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Adjustments for:
15, 16
Depreciation & amortisation & 17 120,390 100,766 60,265 58,720
Write off & impairment of property, plant, equipment and intangible 12 1,972 1,338 129 122
Interest expenses 10.2 75,242 56,326 61,388 41,925
Interest & dividend income 10.1 (38,715) (20,765) (78,247) (48,031)
Net exchange loss/(gain) on borrowings and non-operating assets 25,958 7,924 (61,327) (43,476)
Gain on monetary assets 2.33 (29,022) - - -
Change in fairvalue of derivatives - (104) - (104)
Share of income from associate 18.3 (759) (817) - -
Change in deferred revenue 27.1 (332) 227 (299) 262
Provisions 2,147 379 1,261 524
Provision for employee benefits obligations 5,328 (362) 5,272 (580)
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment & right-of-use assets 11 (21) (378) - (359)
686,190 682,900 533,432 543,428
Changes in:
Inventories 32.2.1 (70,345) (60,526) (44,283) (33,117)
Trade and other receivables 32.2.2 457 (11,173) (1,044) 153
Trade and other payables 32.2.3 (22,429) 26,846 (46,199) 79,182
Prepayments and other current assets 32.2.4 (42,316) (79,404) 81,973 (82,922)
Other current liabilities 32.2.5 (23,570) 63,404 (26,877) 112,148
527,987 622,047 497,002 618,872
Change in lease receivables 10,614 8,070 10,614 8,070
Income tax paid 14.3.1 (150,766) (33,408) (143,431) (31,196)
Net cash generated from operating activities 387,835 596,709 364,185 595,746
Cash flows from Investing activities
Interest received 37,097 11,249 33,280 8,281
Dividend income received 10.1 4,707 - 4,707 -
Acquisition of intangible assets 16 (307) (848) (19) (31)
Additional receivables from subsidiaries - - (53,822) (164,367)
Repayment by subsidiaries - - 29,790 22,852
Net loan (obtained)/repaid by parent company (93,812) 20,000 (93,812) 20,000
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 106 1,238 - 1,218
Acquisition of investment - - - (22)
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (74,613) (158,508) (38,609) (58,158)
Additions to property, plant and equipment 15 (65,945) (185,814) (26,449) (72,404)
Change in non-current prepayments 19.1 3,492 17,849 - 4,789
Net suppliers' credit repaid (12,160) 9,457 (12,160) 9,457
Net cash used in investing activities (126,822) (126,869) (118,485) (170,227)
Cashflows from Financing activities
Interest paid (68,840) (52,558) (57,432) (42,232)
Lease payment (3,421) (2,110) (1,300) (884)
Shares buy-back 23.5 (35,323) (9,833) (35,323) (9,833)
Dividends paid (337,471) (272,005) (337,471) (272,005)
Loans obtained 26.5 338,454 329,115 290,107 312,439
Loans repaid 26.5 (267,178) (324,831) (239,162) (278,043)
Net cash used in financing activities (373,779) (332,222) (380,581) (290,558)
Increase/(Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (112,766) 137,618 (134,881) 134,961
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 32.1 263,368 141,039 203,809 68,848
Effects of exchange rate changes 252 (15,289) - -
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 32.1 150,854 263,368 68,928 203,809
20
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. General Information
Dangote Cement Plc (“the Company”) was incorporated in Nigeria as a public limited liability company on 4 November, 1992 and
commenced operations in January 2007 under the name Obajana Cement Plc. The name was changed on 14 July 2010 to
Dangote Cement Plc.
Its parent company is Dangote Industries Limited (“DIL” or “the Parent Company”). Its ultimate controlling party is Aliko
Dangote.
The registered address of the Company is located at 1 Alfred Rewane Road, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria.
The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as “the Group”) is to operate plants for the
preparation, manufacture and distribution of cement and related products. The Company’s production activities are currently
undertaken at Obajana town in Kogi State, Gboko in Benue State and Ibese in Ogun State; all in Nigeria. Information in respect of
the subsidiaries' locations is disclosed in Note 18.
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 comprise the results and the financial position of the
Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as “the Group” and individually as “Group entities”).
The separate financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2022 comprise those of the Company only.
2. Significant accounting policies

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have
been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
2.1 Statement of compliance
The Group and Company's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 have been prepared in accordance
with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"), and
interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee of the IASB (together “IFRS
Standards”) that are effective at 31 December 2022 and requirements of the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA),
2020 and the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act, 2011.
2.2 Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the going concern assumption under the historical cost
concept except for the following items:
- Defined benefit obligations: Present value of the obligation.
- Non-derivative financial instruments – initially at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using effective interest rate.
- Derivative financial instruments – measured at fair value.
- Inventory - lower of cost and net realisable value.
- Lease liabilities- measured at present value of future lease payments.
- Balances for entities in hyper-inflation economies.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets.
2.3 Basis of Consolidation

The Group financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Parent Company and entities controlled by the
Company and its subsidiaries made up to 31 December 2022. Control is achieved where the investor; (i) has power over the
investee entity (ii) is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from the investee entity as a result of its involvement, and (iii)
can exercise some power over the investee to affect its returns.
The Company reassesses whether or not it still controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are
changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above.
The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control
commences until the date that control ceases. The accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed when necessary to
align them with the policies adopted by the Group.
Income and expenses of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the period are included in the consolidated statement
of profit or loss and consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the effective date of acquisition and up to the
effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners’ of the
Company and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interest having a deficit balance.
21
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

2. Significant accounting policies continued
2.3.1 Investments in subsidiaries

In the Company’s separate financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less any impairment that has
been recognised in profit or loss. The cost of an investment in a subsidiary is the aggregate of:
- the fair value, at the date of exchange, of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued by the
company; plus
- any costs directly attributable to the purchase of the subsidiary.
Investments in subsidiaries are eliminated on consolidation in the Group financial statements. Management performs an
assessment at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any indication that the Investment in the
subsidiaries may be impaired.
2.3.2 Transactions eliminated on consolidation

All intra-group balances and any gain and losses arising from intra-group transactions are eliminated in preparing the
consolidated financial statements. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent
that there is no evidence of impairment.
2.4 Interest in associates
An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the
financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies.
The results and assets and liabilities of associates are incorporated in these consolidated financial statements using the equity
method of accounting, except when the investment, or a portion thereof, is classified as held for sale, in which case it is
accounted for in accordance with IFRS 5. Under the equity method, an investment in an associate is initially recognised in the
consolidated statement of financial position at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognise the Group's share of the profit or loss
and other comprehensive income of the associate. When the Group's share of losses of an associate exceeds the Group's
interest in that associate (which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group's net investment in
the associate), the Group discontinues recognising its share of further losses. Additional losses are recognised only to the
extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.
An investment in an associate is accounted for using the equity method from the date on which the investee becomes an
associate. On acquisition of the investment in an associate, any excess of the cost of the investment over the Group's share of
the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of the investee is recognised as goodwill, which is included within the
carrying amount of the investment. Any excess of the Group's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities
over the cost of the investment, after reassessment, is recognised immediately in profit or loss in the period in which the
investment is acquired.
The requirements of IAS 36 are applied to determine whether it is necessary to recognise any impairment loss with respect to
the Group’s investment in an associate. When necessary, the entire carrying amount of the investment (including goodwill) is
tested for impairment in accordance with IAS 36 Impairment of Assets as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount
(higher of value in use and fair value less costs of disposal) with its carrying amount, Any impairment loss recognised forms
part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal of that impairment loss is recognised in accordance with IAS 36 to
the extent that the recoverable amount of the investment subsequently increases.
The Group discontinues the use of the equity method from the date when the investment ceases to be an associate or when
the investment is classified as held for sale. When the Group retains an interest in the former associate and the retained
interest is a financial asset, the Group measures the retained interest at fair value at that date and the fair value is regarded as
its fair value on initial recognition in accordance with IFRS 9. The difference between the carrying amount of the associate at
the date the equity method was discontinued, and the fair value of any retained interest and any proceeds from disposing of a
part interest in the associate is included in the determination of the gain or loss on disposal of the associate. In addition, the
Group accounts for all amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to that associate on the same
basis as would be required if that associate had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. Therefore, if a gain or loss
previously recognised in other comprehensive income by that associate would be reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal
of the related assets or liabilities, the Group reclassifies the gain or loss from equity to profit or loss (as a reclassification
adjustment) when the equity method is discontinued.
22
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

The Group continues to use the equity method when an investment in an associate becomes an investment in a joint venture
or an investment in a joint venture becomes an investment in an associate. There is no remeasurement to fair value upon
such changes in ownership interests.
When the Group reduces its ownership interest in an associate but the Group continues to use the equity method, the Group
reclassifies to profit or loss the proportion of the gain or loss that had previously been recognised in other comprehensive
income relating to that reduction in ownership interest if that gain or loss would be reclassified to profit or loss on the
disposal of the related assets or liabilities.
When a group entity transacts with an associate of the Group, profits and losses resulting from the transactions with the
associate are recognised in the Group's consolidated financial statements only to the extent of interests in the associate that
are not related to the Group.
In the separate financial statements for the parent company, investments in associates are recognised at cost less
accumulated impairment.
2.5 Non-controlling interest

Non-controlling interest is the equity in a subsidiary or entity controlled by the Company, not attributable, directly or
indirectly, to the parent company and is presented separately in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive income and within equity in the consolidated statement of financial position. Non-controlling interests are
measured initially at their proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets at the date of acquisition. Total
comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests is presented on the line “Non-controlling interests” in the
statement of financial position, even if it creates negative non-controlling interests.
2.6 Acquisition of entities under common control

Business combinations arising from transfers of interests in entities that were under the control of the shareholder that
controls the Group are accounted for prospectively as at the date that transfer of interest was effected. The assets and
liabilities acquired are recognised at the carrying amounts recognised previously in the Group controlling shareholder’s
consolidated financial statements. The difference between the consideration paid and the net assets acquired is accounted
for directly in equity.
2.7 Changes in the Group’s ownership interests in existing subsidiaries
Changes in the Group’s interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.
The carrying amount of the Group’s interests and the non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their
relative interests in the subsidiary. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted
and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognised directly in equity and attributed to the owners of the
Company.
When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, a gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss and is calculated as the difference
between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and the fair value of any retained interest and (ii) the
previous carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill), and liabilities of the subsidiary and any non-controlling interests.
All amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to that subsidiary are accounted for as if the
Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities of the subsidiary (i.e. reclassified to profit or loss or transferred
to another category of equity as specified/permitted by applicable IFRSs). The fair value of any investment retained in the
former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition for subsequent accounting
under IFRS 9, or when applicable, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a joint venture.
2.8 Revenue
The Group recognises revenue from the sale of cement and related products. Revenue is measured based on the
consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on
behalf of third parties. The Group recognises revenue when it transfers control of products to the customers.
2.8.1 Sale of cement and related products

The Group sells cement and related products both to distributors and directly to end user customers through its plants and
depots.
23
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


For sales of products to the distributors, revenue is recognised when control of the goods has transferred, being when the
goods have been delivered to the distributor's location if the agreement is for the Group to deliver. In case of self collection
by distributors revenue is recognised when the distributor picks the products from the Group's factories or warehouses.
Following delivery by the Group or self collection, the distributor has full discretion over the manner of distribution and
price to sell the goods, has the primary responsibility when on selling the goods and bears the risks of obsolescence and loss
in relation to the goods. For distributors that buy on credit, a receivable is recognised by the Group when the goods are
delivered to the distributor as this represents the point in time at which the right to consideration becomes unconditional, as
only the passage of time is required before payment is due.
For sales of goods to end user customers, revenue is recognised when control of the goods has transferred, being at the
point the customer lifts the goods from our factories if it's self collection or at the point at which the goods are delivered if
the agreement is for the Group to deliver. Payment for the transaction price is done by the time goods are collected
otherwise a receivable is recognised at that point.
2.9 Finance income

Finance income comprises interest income on short-term deposits with banks, interest on leases, dividend income, changes
in the fair value of financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss, compensation for time value of money on road
infrastructure tax scheme and foreign exchange gains.
Dividend income from investments is recognised in profit and loss when the shareholder's right to receive payment has been
established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the amount of income can be
measured reliably).
Interest income is recognised by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is
the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset's net
carrying amount on initial recognition.
2.10 Production cost of sales

Production cost of sales represents decreases in economic benefits during the accounting period that are directly or
indirectly attributable to manufacturing inventory for sale.
2.11 Finance costs
Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, unwinding of the discount on provision, foreign exchange losses
except finance costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset which
are capitalised as part of the related assets. Interest is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.
Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are
recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
However, borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are
capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. The capitalisation of borrowing costs commences from the date of incurring of
expenditure relating to the qualifying asset and ceases when all the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying asset for its
intended use or sale are complete. The interest rate used to determine the amount of capitalised interest cost is the actual
interest rate when there is a specific borrowing facility related to construction project or the Group’s average borrowing
interest rate. Borrowing costs relating to the period after acquisition, construction or production are expensed. Investment
income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is
deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. The borrowing costs capitalised may not exceed the actual
interest incurred by the Group.
2.12 Foreign currency
2.12. Functional and presentation currency

These consolidated and separate financial statements are presented in the Nigerian Naira (₦), which is the Company’s
functional currency. All financial information presented in Naira has been rounded to the nearest million unless where
otherwise stated.
24
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


2.12.2 Foreign currency transactions
In preparing the financial statements of the individual entities, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional
currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions.
At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates
prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated
at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of
historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.
Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for:
. exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which
are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency
borrowings;
. exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks; and
. exchange differences on monetary items receivable from or payable to a foreign operation for which settlement is neither
planned nor likely to occur (therefore forming part of the net investment in the foreign operation), which are recognised
initially in other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to profit or loss on disposal of the subsidiaries.
2.12.3 Foreign operations

In the Group’s consolidated financial statements, all assets and liabilities of Group entities with a functional currency other
than the Naira are translated into Naira upon consolidation. On consolidation, assets and liabilities have been translated at
the closing rate at the reporting date. Except for hyper-inflation economies, Income and expenses have been translated
into the Naira at the average rate over the reporting period, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during that period,
in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are used.
Exchange differences are charged/credited to other comprehensive income and recognised in currency translation reserve
in equity. The exchange differences arising on the translation are taken directly to a separate component of other
comprehensive income “Currency translation differences”. On the partial or total disposal of a foreign entity with a loss of
control, the related share in the cumulative translation differences recognised in equity is recognised in the consolidated
statement of profit or loss.
2.13 Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment
losses. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised as an asset if it is probable that future economic
benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and Group and the cost can be measured reliably.
Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the assets. Property, plant and machinery under
construction are disclosed as capital work-in-progress. The cost of construction recognised includes the cost of materials
and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use,
including borrowing costs on qualifying assets in accordance with the Group's accounting policy and the estimated costs of
dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located if the Group has a legal or
constructive obligation to do so.
Such assets are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for
intended use. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as other property assets commences when the assets are
ready for their intended use. When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives and are
individually significant in relation to total cost of an item, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of
property, plant and equipment.
The cost of replacing a component of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the
item if it is probable that the future economic benefit embodied within the component will flow to the Group and its cost
can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced component is derecognised. The cost of day to day
servicing of the property plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected
to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property,
plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and
is recognised in profit or loss.
2.13.1 Depreciation
Depreciation is calculated on the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost,
less its residual value (except for freehold land and assets under construction). Depreciation is recognised within “Cost of
sales” and “Administrative expenses and selling and distribution expenses,” depending on the utilization of the respective
assets on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment.
Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the
Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term in which case the assets are depreciated over their useful life on
the same basis as owned assets. Strategic spare parts with high value and held for commissioning of a new plant or for
infrequent maintenance of plants are capitalised and depreciated over the shorter of their useful life and the remaining life
of the plant from the date such strategic spare parts are capable of being used for their intended use.
Major overhaul expenditure, including replacement spares and labour costs, is capitalised and amortised over the average
expected life between major overhauls. All other replacement spares and other costs relating to maintenance of plant are
charged to profit or loss on consumption or as incurred respectively.
Useful life (years)
Land & Leasehold improvement Over the shorter of useful life and lease period
Buildings 25 – 50
Plant and machinery 10 - 25
Power plants 5 – 25
Cement plants 5 – 25
Motor vehicles 4 –6
Furniture and equipment 5
Computer hardware 3
Aircraft and related components 5 – 25
The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation methods are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with
the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
2.14 Intangible assets

In accordance with criteria set out in IAS 38 – “Intangible assets”, intangible assets are recognised only if identifiable;
controlled by the entity because of past events; it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are
attributable to the asset will flow to the Group and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets primarily
include amortizable items such as software, mineral rights, as well as certain development costs that meet the IAS 38
criteria.
Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and
accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets are amortised using the straight-line method over their useful lives
ranging from two to seven years. Amortization expense is recorded in “Cost of sales” and “Selling and distribution
expenses” or administrative expenses, based on the function of the underlying assets. The estimated useful lives and
amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being
accounted for on a prospective basis.
Exploration assets are carried at cost less any impairment losses. All costs, including overhead costs directly associated
with the specific project are capitalised. The directors evaluate each project at each period end to determine if the carrying
value should be written off. In determining whether expenditure meets the criteria to be capitalised, the directors use
information from several sources, depending on the level of exploration.
Purchased exploration and evaluation assets are recognised at the cost of acquisition or at the fair value if purchased as
part of a business combination.
Exploration assets are amortised over a period of 30 years in line with the estimates lives of the mines
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


2.14.1 Internally-generated intangible assets - research and development expenditure
Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. An internally-generated
intangible asset arising from development (or from the development phase of an internal project) is recognised if, and only
if, all of the following have been demonstrated:
· the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;
· the intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;
· the ability to use or sell the intangible asset;
· how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits;
the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the
·
intangible asset; and
· the ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.
The amount initially recognised for internally-generated intangible assets is the sum of the expenditure incurred from the
date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria listed above. Where no internally-generated intangible
asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it is incurred.
Subsequent to initial recognition, internally-generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation
and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.
2.14.2 Derecognition of intangible assets

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.
2.15 Prepayments
Prepayments are non-financial assets which result when payments are made in advance of the receipt of goods and
services. They are recognised when the Group expects to receive future economic benefits equivalent to the value of the
prepayments. The receipt or consumption of the services results in a reduction in the prepayment and a corresponding
increase in expenses or assets for that reporting period.
2.16 Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the
ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.
Cost is determined as follows:

Raw Materials
Raw materials which include purchase cost and other costs incurred to bring the materials to their location and condition
are valued using a weighted average cost basis.
Work in progress
Cost of work in progress includes cost of raw material, labour, production and attributable overheads based on normal
operating capacity. Work in progress is valued using a weighted average cost basis.
Finished goods
Cost is determined using the weighted average method and includes cost of material, labour, production and attributable
overheads based on normal operating capacity.
Spare parts and consumables
Spare parts which are expected to be fully utilised in production within the next operating cycle and other consumables are
valued at weighted average cost after making allowance for obsolete and damaged stocks.
Packaging Materials
Packaging materials which include purchase cost and other costs incurred to bring the materials to their location and
condition are valued using a weighted average cost basis.
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2.17 Statement of cash flows

The statement of cash flows shows the changes in cash and cash equivalents arising during the period from operating,
investing and financing activities. The Group applies the indirect method for the preparation of the statement of cash flows.
Changes in statement of financial position items that have not resulted in cash flows such as translation differences, fair
value changes and other non-cash items have been adjusted for the purpose of preparing the statement. Dividends paid to
ordinary shareholders are included in financing activities. Interest paid is also included in financing activities while interest
income is included in investing activities.
2.18 Financial instruments
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity
instrument of another entity.
Financial instruments are recognised in the consolidated and separate statements of financial position when a member of
the Group or the Company becomes a party to the contractual obligations of the instrument. Regular way purchases or
sales of financial assets, i.e. purchases or sales under a contract whose terms require delivery of the asset within the time
frame established generally by regulation or convention in the marketplace concerned, are accounted for at the trade date.
Initially, financial instruments are recognised at their fair value. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition or
issue of financial instruments are recognised in determining the carrying amount except for financial instruments at fair
value through profit or loss. For financial instruments classified as Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL) transaction
costs incurred are recognised in profit or loss. Subsequently, financial assets and liabilities are measured according to the
category to which they are assigned. The Group does not make use of the option to designate financial assets or financial
liabilities at fair value through profit or loss at inception (Fair Value Option).
2.18.1 Financial assets

Classification of financial assets
Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are measured subsequently at amortised cost:
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual
cash flows; and
- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal
and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are measured subsequently at fair value through other comprehensive
income (FVTOCI):
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows
and selling the financial assets; and
- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal
and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
The Group does not have debt instruments that are measured subsequently at fair value through other comprehensive
income (FVTOCI).
Despite the foregoing, the Group may make the following irrevocable election/designation at initial recognition of a
financial asset:
- the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value of an equity investment in other
comprehensive income if certain criteria are met; and
- the Group may irrevocably designate a debt investment that meets the amortised cost or FVTOCI criteria as measured at
FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch
2.18.2 Derecognition of financial assets
The Group derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when
it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the
Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the
transferred asset, the Group recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have
to pay. If the Group retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Group
continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.
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2.19 Cash and cash equivalents

The Group considers all highly liquid unrestricted investments with less than three months maturity from the date of
acquisition to be cash equivalents. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s
cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows.
Term deposit with tenor of 90 days or less are also included in cash and cash equivalents if they are held for short term cash
commitments rather than for investment or other purposes.
2.20 Trade and other receivables

The fair value of trade and other receivables is estimated as the present value of future cash flows, discounted at the market
rate of interest at the reporting date. This fair value is determined for disclosure purposes. For short term trade receivables,
no disclosure of fair value is presented when the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value due to the
insignificant impact of discounting.
2.21 Equity instruments designated as at FVTOCI

On initial recognition, the Group may make an irrevocable election (on an instrument‑by‑instrument basis) to designate
investments in equity instruments as at FVTOCI. Designation at FVTOCI is not permitted if the equity investment is held for
trading or if it is contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination.
A financial asset is held for trading if:
- it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or
- on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Group manages together and has
evidence of a recent actual pattern of short‑term profit‑taking; or
- it is a derivative (except for a derivative that is a financial guarantee contract or a designated and effective hedging
instrument).
Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they
are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognised in other comprehensive income
and accumulated in the investments revaluation reserve. The cumulative gain or loss is not be reclassified to profit or loss on
disposal of the equity investments, instead, it is transferred to retained earnings.
Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9, unless the
dividends clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Dividends are included in the ‘finance income’
line item (note 10) in profit or loss.
2.22 Financial liabilities and equity instruments

Classification as debt or equity
Debt and equity instruments issued by a member of the Group are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in
accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity
instrument.
2.22.1 Equity instruments
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its
liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Group are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Repurchase of the Company's own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. Equity instruments
includes share capital, share premium, currency translation reserve and capital contribution.
2.22.2 Financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.
Financial liabilities measured subsequently at amortised cost:
Financial liabilities that are not (i) contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination, (ii) held‑for‑trading, or
(iii) designated as at FVTPL, are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest
expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments
(including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and
other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the
amortised cost of a financial liability.
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2.22.3 De-recognition of financial liabilities

The Group derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Group's obligations are discharged, cancelled or they
expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and
payable is recognised in profit or loss.
2.22.4 Offsetting
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only
when, the Group has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and
settle the liability simultaneously.
2.22.5 Amortised cost and effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest
income over the relevant period.
For financial assets other than purchased or originated credit‑impaired financial assets (i.e. assets that are credit‑impaired on
initial recognition), the effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees
and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or
discounts) excluding expected credit losses, through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter
period, to the gross carrying amount of the debt instrument on initial recognition. For purchased or originated credit‑impaired
financial assets, a credit‑adjusted effective interest rate is calculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows, including
expected credit losses, to the amortised cost of the debt instrument on initial recognition
The amortised cost of a financial asset is the amount at which the financial asset is measured at initial recognition minus the
principal repayments, plus the cumulative amortisation using the effective interest method of any difference between that
initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any loss allowance. The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is the
amortised cost of a financial asset before adjusting for any loss allowance.
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method for debt instruments measured subsequently at amortised
cost and at FVTOCI. For financial assets other than purchased or originated credit‑impaired financial assets, interest income
is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for financial assets
that have subsequently become credit‑impaired (see below). For financial assets that have subsequently become
credit‑impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial
asset. If, in subsequent reporting periods, the credit risk on the credit‑impaired financial instrument improves so that the
financial asset is no longer credit‑impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the gross
carrying amount of the financial asset.
For purchased or originated credit‑impaired financial assets, the Group recognises interest income by applying the
credit‑adjusted effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from initial recognition. The calculation does
not revert to the gross basis even if the credit risk of the financial asset subsequently improves so that the financial asset is no
longer credit‑impaired.
Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the "finance income – interest income" line item (note 10).
2.23 Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions, and are measured, at
initial recognition, at fair value plus transaction costs, if any. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the
effective interest method. The effective interest rate exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and
points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or
discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the amortised cost of a
financial liability. If trade and other payables contain a significant financing component, and the effective interest method
results in the recognition of interest expense, then it is included in profit or loss in finance costs. Trade and other payables
expose the Group and Company to liquidity risk and possibly to interest rate risk.
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2.24 Impairment
2.24.1 Financial assets

The Group recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on investments in debt instruments that are measured at
amortised cost or at FVTOCI, lease receivables, trade receivables and contract assets, as well as on financial guarantee
contracts and cash and cash equivalents. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to reflect
changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the respective financial instrument. The Group always recognises lifetime
ECL for trade receivables, contract assets and lease receivables. The expected credit losses on these financial assets are
estimated using a provision matrix based on the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are
specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecast direction
of conditions at the reporting date, including time value of money where appropriate. For all other financial instruments, the
Group recognises lifetime ECL when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. However, if
the credit risk on the financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group measures the
loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12‑month ECL. Lifetime ECL represents the expected
credit losses that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. In contrast,
12‑month ECL represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events on a financial instrument
that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
(i) Significant increase in credit risk

In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group
compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring
on the financial instrument at the date of initial recognition. In making this assessment, the Group considers both
quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and
forward‑looking information that is available without undue cost or effort. Forward‑looking information considered includes
the future prospects of the industries in which the Group’s debtors operate, obtained from economic expert reports, financial
analysts, governmental bodies, relevant think‑tanks and other similar organizations, as well as consideration of various
external sources of actual and forecast economic information that relate to the Group’s core operations.
In particular, the following information is taken into account when assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly
since initial recognition:
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial instrument’s external (if available) or internal credit rating;
- significant deterioration in external market indicators of credit risk for a particular financial instrument, e.g. a significant
increase in the credit spread, the credit default swap prices for the debtor, or the length of time or the extent to which the
fair value of a financial asset has been less than its amortised cost;
- existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant
decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations;
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor;
- significant increases in credit risk on other financial instruments of the same debtor;
- an actual or expected significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the debtor
that results in a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations.
Irrespective of the outcome of the above assessment, the Group presumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has
increased significantly since initial recognition when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due, unless the Group
has reasonable and supportable information that demonstrates otherwise.
Despite the foregoing, the Group assumes that the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since
initial recognition if the financial instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. A financial
instrument is determined to have low credit risk if:
(1) The financial instrument has a low risk of default,
(2) The debtor has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term, and
(3) Adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the ability
of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations.
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The Group considers a financial asset to have low credit risk when the asset has external credit rating of ‘investment grade’
in accordance with the globally understood definition or if an external rating is not available, the asset has an internal rating
of ‘performing’. Performing means that the counterparty has a strong financial position and there is no past due amounts.
For financial guarantee contracts, the date that the Group becomes a party to the irrevocable commitment is considered to
be the date of initial recognition for the purposes of assessing the financial instrument for impairment. In assessing whether
there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition of a financial guarantee contracts, the Group
considers the changes in the risk that the specified debtor will default on the contract.
The Group regularly monitors the effectiveness of the criteria used to identify whether there has been a significant increase
in credit risk and revises them as appropriate to ensure that the criteria are capable of identifying significant increase in
credit risk before the amount becomes past due.
(ii) Definition of default

The Group considers the following as constituting an event of default for internal credit risk management purposes as
historical experience indicates that financial assets that meet either of the following criteria are generally not recoverable:
- when there is a breach of financial covenants by the debtor; or
- information developed internally or obtained from external sources indicates that the debtor is unlikely to pay its creditors,
including the Group, in full (without taking into account any collateral held by the Group).
Irrespective of the above analysis, the Group considers that default has occurred when a financial asset is more than 90 days
past due unless the Group has reasonable and supportable information to demonstrate that a more lagging default criterion
is more appropriate.
(iii) Credit‑impaired financial assets

A financial asset is credit‑impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash
flows of that financial asset have occurred. Evidence that a financial asset is credit‑impaired includes observable data about
the following events:
(a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;
(b) a breach of contract, such as a default or past due event (see (ii) above);
(c) the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having
granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider;
(d) it is becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; or
(e) the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.
(iv) Write‑off policy

The Group writes off a financial asset when there is information indicating that the debtor is in severe financial difficulty and
there is no realistic prospect of recovery, e.g. when the debtor has been placed under liquidation or has entered into
bankruptcy proceedings, or in the case of trade receivables, when the amounts are over two years past due, whichever
occurs sooner unless in case where there is sufficient security. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement
activities under the Group’s recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. Any recoveries made
are recognised in profit or loss.
(v) Measurement and recognition of expected credit losses

The measurement of expected credit losses is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the magnitude of
the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is
based on historical data adjusted by forward‑looking information as described above. As for the exposure at default, for
financial assets, this is represented by the assets’ gross carrying amount at the reporting date; for financial guarantee
contracts, the exposure includes the amount drawn down as at the reporting date, together with any additional amounts
expected to be drawn down in the future by default date determined based on historical trend, the Group’s understanding of
the specific future financing needs of the debtors, and other relevant forward‑looking information.
For financial assets, the expected credit loss is estimated as the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to
the Group in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at the original
effective interest rate. For a lease receivable, the cash flows used for determining the expected credit losses is consistent
with the cash flows used in measuring the lease receivable in accordance with IFRS 16 Leases.
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If the Group has measured the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to lifetime ECL in the previous
reporting period, but determines at the current reporting date that the conditions for lifetime ECL are no longer met, the
Group measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to 12‑month ECL at the current reporting date, except for assets for
which simplified approach was used.
The Group recognises an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments with a corresponding
adjustment to their carrying amount through a loss allowance account, except for investments in debt instruments that are
measured at FVTOCI, for which the loss allowance is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the
investment revaluation reserve.
2.24.2 Non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is
any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. For intangible
assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, the recoverable amount is estimated at each
reporting date.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to
sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. An impairment
loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment
losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses are reversed when there is an indication that the impairment loss
may no longer exist and there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An
impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that
would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. A reversal of
an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Profit or loss.
2.25 Measurement of fair value

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between
market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using
another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group takes into account the
characteristics of the asset or liability that market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability at
the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these consolidated and separate
financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for leasing transactions that are within the scope of IFRS 16, and
measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in IAS 2 or value
in use in IAS 36.
A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and
non-financial assets and liabilities The Group recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of
the reporting period during which the change has occurred Further information about the assumptions made in measuring
fair values is included in the following notes: If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into
different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of
the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. When measuring the fair
value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into
different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.
Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e.
as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
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2.25.1 Derivative financial assets and liabilities fair value

Derivatives are initially measured at fair value; any directly attributable transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss as
incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally
recognised in profit or loss.
2.26 Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
2.26.1 Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in profit or loss
because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in future years and items that are never taxable or
deductible. The Company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the end of the reporting period. Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.
2.26.2 Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated
financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are
generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible
temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible
temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax is not recognised for the following temporary differences: (i) the initial
recognition of goodwill, (ii) the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and
that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit, and (iii) differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and jointly
controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and
associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary
difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets
arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognised to the
extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilise the benefits of the temporary
differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer
probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is
settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of
the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount
of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.
2.26.3 Current and deferred tax for the year
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting
for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.
2.27 Government grants

Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions
attaching to them and that the grants will be received.
Government grants are recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Group recognises as
expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Specifically, government grants whose primary
condition is that the Group should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognised as deferred
revenue in the consolidated statement of financial position and transferred to profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis
over the useful lives of the related assets.
Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving
immediate financial support to the Group with no future related costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which
they become receivable.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the
difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates. The total of the
government grant is recognised as deferred revenue on the statement of financial position and is recognised in profit or loss
over the period the related expenditure is incurred.
Export Expansion Grant (EEG) is recognised upon confirmation of the Group's eligibility by the relevant government
departments.
2.28 Employee benefits
2.28.1 Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is
provided by the employee. This includes wages, salaries, bonuses, paid annual leave, sick leave and other contributions.
Except when they qualify for capitalization, these benefits are expensed in the period in which the associated services are
rendered by employees of the Group. A liability is recognised for the amount that is expected to be paid if the Group has a
present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the
obligation can be estimated reliably.
2.28.2 Defined contribution plans

The Group operates a defined contribution retirement benefit scheme for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a post-
employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or
constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The assets of this scheme are held in separate trustee administered funds,
which are funded by contributions from both the employee and the Group. Except when they qualify for capitalization,
obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognised as an employee benefit expense in profit or
loss in the periods during which services are rendered by employees.
2.28.3 Defined benefit plans

The group operates defined benefit plans for certain qualifying employees. Defined benefit plans define an amount of pension
benefit that an employee will receive on retirement, dependent on, years of service and compensation. The liability
recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension plans is the present value of the defined
benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is
calculated annually by using actuarial methods of projected unit credit. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is
determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are
denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of
the related pension obligation. Where there is no deep market in such bonds, the market rates on government bonds are
used. The estimated cost of providing such benefits is charged to the statement of profit or loss on a systematic basis over the
employees’ working lives. Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial
assumptions (remeasurements) are recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and
accumulated in retained earnings. Current service cost is included as part of administrative expense and interest cost is
included as part of finance cost in the profit or loss.
2.28.4 Other long-term employee benefits (Long service award)

The group provides employees with Long service award benefits. The benefits are gift items, ex-gratia (expressed as a
multiple of monthly basic salary), a plaque and certificate. The liability recognised in respect of these awards is computed
using actuarial methods (discounted at present value). Any resulting remeasurement gain/loss is recognised in full within
other income/administrative expense in the profit or loss. Current service cost is included as part of administrative expense
and interest cost is included as part of finance cost in the profit or loss.
2.28.5 Termination benefit
Termination benefits are expensed at the earlier of when the Group can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and
when the Group recognises costs for a restructuring. Benefits are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months of the
reporting date.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

2.29 Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is
probable that the Group will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at
the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision
is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those
cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a
receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the
receivable can be measured reliably.
2.29.1 Restoration costs

Environmental expenditure related to existing conditions resulting from past or current operations and from which no
current or future benefit is discernible is charged to profit or loss. The Group recognises its liability on a site-by-site basis
when it can be reliably estimated. This liability includes the Group’s portion of the total costs and also a portion of other
potentially responsible parties’ costs when it is probable that they will not be able to satisfy their respective shares of the
clean-up obligation. Recoveries of reimbursements are recorded as assets when virtually certain.
The Group has an obligation to restore quarry sites due to the mining activities in those areas. The provision for the site
restoration is determined based on the disturbed areas and is measured at the present value of the expected future cash
flows that will be required to perform the site restoration. The estimated future costs for known restoration requirements are
determined on a site-by-site basis. The cash flows are discounted at a pre-tax rate that reflects the current market
assessments of the time value of money and the risk specific to the site restoration liability. The unwinding of the discount is
expensed as incurred and recognised in the statement of profit or loss as a finance cost. The estimated future costs of
decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs, timing of future
cash flows, or in the discount rate applied, are accounted for in the profit or loss at each statement of financial position date.
2.30 Contingencies
Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the consolidated and separate statements of financial position but are disclosed
unless the possibility of any outflow in settlement is remote. A contingent asset is not recognised in the consolidated
statement of financial position but disclosed when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
2.31 Earnings per share

The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by
dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares
outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period and for all
periods presented is adjusted for the issue of bonus shares as if the bonus shares were outstanding at the beginning of
earliest period presented.
Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing adjusted net income available to shareholders of the Company by the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year adjusted to include any dilutive potential common
shares. The Group does not have any dilutive instruments.
2.32 Leases
Leases – as a lessee
The Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of the contract. The Group recognises a right-of-
use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease arrangements in which it is the lessee, except for short-
term leases (defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months or less) and leases of low value assets (such as tablets and
personal computers, small items of office furniture and telephones). For these leases, the Group recognises the lease
payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless another systematic basis is more
representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased assets are consumed.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date,
discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the Group uses its incremental
borrowing rate.
Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise:

. Fixed lease payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable;
. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate at the commencement
date;
. The amount expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees;
. The exercise price of purchase options, if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise the options; and
. Payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the exercise of an option to terminate the lease.
The lease liability is presented as a separate line in the consolidated and separate statements of financial position.
The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using the
effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.
The Group remeasures the lease liability (and makes a corresponding adjustment to the related right-of-use asset) whenever:
. The lease term has changed or there is a significant event or change in circumstances resulting in a change in the
assessment of exercise of a purchase option, in which case the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease
payments using a revised discount rate.
. The lease payments change due to changes in an index or rate or a change in expected payment under a guaranteed
residual value, in which cases the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using an
unchanged discount rate (unless the lease payments change is due to a change in a floating interest rate, in which case a
revised discount rate is used).
. A lease contract is modified and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, in which case the lease
liability is remeasured based on the lease term of the modified lease by discounting the revised lease payments using a
revised discount rate at the effective date of the modification.
The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before
the commencement day, less any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs. They are subsequently measured at cost
less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Whenever the Group incurs an obligation for costs to dismantle and remove a leased asset, restore the site on which it is
located or restore the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease, a provision is
recognised and measured under IAS 37. To the extent that the costs relate to a right-of-use asset, the costs are included in the
related right-of-use asset, unless those costs are incurred to produce inventories.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. If a lease
transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group expects to exercise a
purchase option, the related right-of-use asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts
at the commencement date of the lease.
The right-of-use assets are presented as a separate line in the consolidated statement of financial position.
The Group applies IAS 36 to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for any identified impairment
loss.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

Variable rents that do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement of the lease liability and the right-of-
use asset. The related payments are recognised as an expense in the period in which the event or condition that triggers those
payments occurs.
As a practical expedient, IFRS 16 permits a lessee not to separate non-lease components, and instead account for any lease
and associated non-lease components as a single arrangement. The Group has not used this practical expedient. For contracts
that contain a lease component and one or more additional lease or non-lease components, the Group allocates the
consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of the lease component
and the aggregate stand-alone price of the non-lease components.
Leases – as a lessor
Leases for which the Group is a lessor are classified as finance or operating leases. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases
are classified as operating leases.
Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs
incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised
on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Group’s net investment in
the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the
Group’s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.
When a contract includes both lease and non-lease components, the Group applies IFRS 15 to allocate the consideration under
the contract to each component.
2.33 IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies
The Dangote Cement Plc Group has classified Ethiopia as a hyperinflationary economy in accordance with the provisions of
IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies (IAS 29). This is supported by the three years cumulative inflation
which has reached 100% as evidenced by the official Consumer Price Index (CPI ) that moved from 153.9 in 2019 to 328.9 in
2022.
This is the first-time application of IAS 29 in the consolidated financial statements. The gain on net monetary position relating
to price changes in current and prior periods is recognised in the statement of profit or loss and directly in equity respectively.
The initial adoption of IAS 29 resulted in gains on monetary assets for the current year and prior periods amounting to ₦29.02
billion and ₦62.69 billion which were recorded in the statement of profit or loss and directly in equity, respectively
The results of Dangote Industries Ethiopia Plc operations with a functional currency of Ethiopian BIRR have been prepared in
accordance with IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies (IAS 29). The Dangote Cement Plc Group
adopted hyperinflation accounting from 1 January 2022 for the results and financial position of the subsidiary in Ethiopia.
IAS 29 requires that financial statements prepared in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy be stated in terms of a
measuring unit current at the balance sheet date, and that corresponding figures for previous periods be stated in the same
terms to the latest balance sheet date. The restatement has been calculated by means of conversion factors derived from the
consumer price index (CPI) prepared by the Ethiopia Central Statistical Office. The conversion factors used to restate the
financial statements at 31 December 2022 are as follows
Index Conversation Factor
31 December 2022 328.90 1.00
31 December 2021 245.75 1.34
31 December 2020 181.90 1.81
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

The main procedures applied in the restatement of transactions and balances for the Ethiopia subsidiary are as follows:
All corresponding figures as of, and for, the prior year ended, are restated by applying the change in the index from the
end of the prior year to the end of the current year.
Monetary assets and liabilities for the current year, are not restated because they are already stated in terms of the
measuring unit current at statement of financial position date;
Non-monetary assets and liabilities, and components of shareholders equity/funds, are restated by applying the change
in index from date/month of transaction or, if applicable, from the date of their most recent revaluation to the statement
of financial position date;
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are restated by applying the change in the index from the date of
transaction, or if applicable from the date of their most recent / last revaluation, to the statement of financial position
date. Depreciation and amortization amounts are based on the restated amounts;
Profit or loss statement items / transactions, except depreciation and amortization charges as explained above, are
restated by applying the change in index during the period to statement of financial position date;
Gains and losses arising from net monetary asset or liability positions are included in the profit or loss statement; and
All items in the cash flow statement are expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the statement of financial
position date.
The application of the IAS 29 restatement procedures has the effect of amending certain accounting policies which are used
in the preparation of the financial statements under the historical cost convention. The policies affected are:
Financing costs and exchange differences: capitalisation during construction of qualifying assets is considered to be a partial
recognition of inflation and is reversed to the statement of profit or loss and replaced by indexation of cost.
Inventories: these are carried at the lower of indexed cost and net realisable value.
Donated assets: these are fair valued at the time of receipt, and the resultant gain is treated in the same way as any
restatement gain.
Comparative amounts in the Group financial statements have not been restated for changes in the price level as the
presentation currency of the Group is that of a non-hyperinflationary economy
The initial adoption of IAS 29 resulted in uplift for net asset value and profit for the year with ₦93.60 billion and ₦25.79
billion respectively. The results, net assets and cash flows were translated from Ethiopian BIIR to Naira at a closing rate on
31 December 2022 of 1 Naira to 8.4752 Ethiopian BIRR
The table below shows the 2022 historical and inflation adjusted numbers for Dangote Industries Ethiopia Plc
Inflation
Historical
adjusted
31/12/2022 31/12/2022
₦'million ₦'million
Information in respect of the profit and loss
Revenue 103,272 89,163
Profit from operating activities 17,064 21,604
Gain on monetary assets 29,022 -
Profit before tax 33,323 11,223
Profit for the year 28,683 2,889
Information in respect of the financial position of the subsidiaries
Total non-current assets 171,418 50,445
Total current assets 99,225 93,248
Total assets 270,643 143,692
Total current liabilities 99,028 98,793
Total non-current liabilities 90,142 57,028
Total equity/Net asset 81,473 (12,129)
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

3 Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)
3.1 New and revised IFRSs/IFRICs affecting amounts reported and/or disclosures in these financial statements
In the current year, the Group has applied a number of amendments to IFRSs issued by the International Accounting Standards
Board (IASB) that are mandatorily effective for accounting periods that begin on or after 1 January 2022.
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020 (The Annual Improvements include amendments to four
Standards).
IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards

The amendment provides additional relief to a subsidiary which becomes a first-time adopter later than its parent in respect of
accounting for cumulative translation differences. As a result of the amendment, a subsidiary that uses the exemption in IFRS
1:D16(a) can now also elect to measure cumulative translation differences for all foreign operations at the carrying amount that
would be included in the parent’s consolidated financial statements, based on the parent’s date of transition to IFRS Standards,
if no adjustments were made for consolidation procedures and for the effects of the business combination in which the parent
acquired the subsidiary. A similar election is available to an associate or joint venture that uses the exemption in IFRS 1:D16(a).
The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022, with early application permitted.
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

The amendment clarifies that in applying the ‘10 per cent’ test to assess whether to derecognise a financial liability, an entity
includes only fees paid or received between the entity (the borrower) and the lender, including fees paid or received by either
the entity or the lender on the other’s behalf. The amendment is applied prospectively to modifications and exchanges that
occur on or after the date the entity first applies the amendment. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or
after 1 January 2022, with early application permitted.
IFRS 16 Leases
The amendment removes the illustration of the reimbursement of leasehold improvements. As the amendment to IFRS 16 only
regards an illustrative example, no effective date is stated.
IAS 41 Agriculture
The amendment removes the requirement in IAS 41 for entities to exclude cash flows for taxation when measuring fair value.
This aligns the fair value measurement in IAS 41 with the requirements of IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement to use internally
consistent cash flows and discount rates and enables preparers to determine whether to use pre tax or post-tax cash flows and
discount rates for the most appropriate fair value measurement
The amendment is applied prospectively, i.e. for fair value measurements on or after the date an entity initially applies the
amendment.
These amendments do not have any material impact on the Group Financial Statements
Amendments to IFRS 3 – Reference to the Conceptual Framework

The amendments update IFRS 3 so that it refers to the 2018 Conceptual Framework instead of the 1989 Framework. They also
add to IFRS 3 a requirement that, for obligations within the scope of IAS 37, an acquirer applies IAS 37 to determine whether at
the acquisition date a present obligation exists as a result of past events. For a levy that would be within the scope of IFRIC 21
Levies, the acquirer applies IFRIC 21 to determine whether the obligating event that gives rise to a liability to pay the levy has
occurred by the acquisition date.
Finally, the amendments add an explicit statement that an acquirer does not recognise contingent assets acquired in a business
combination.
Early application is permitted if an entity also applies all other updated references (published together with the updated
Conceptual Framework) at the same time or earlier. This has no material impact on the Group Financial Statements.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

3. Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) continued
Amendments to IAS 16 – Property, Plant and Equipment—Proceeds before Intended Use

The amendments prohibit deducting from the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment any proceeds from selling items
produced before that asset is available for use, i.e. proceeds while bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for
it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Consequently, an entity recognises such sales proceeds
and related costs in profit or loss. The entity measures the cost of those items in accordance with IAS 2 Inventories.
The amendments also clarify the meaning of ‘testing whether an asset is functioning properly’. IAS 16 now specifies this as
assessing whether the technical and physical performance of the asset is such that it is capable of being used in the production
or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes.
If not presented separately in the statement of comprehensive income, the financial statements shall disclose the amounts of
proceeds and cost included in profit or loss that relate to items produced that are not an output of the entity’s ordinary
activities, and which line item(s) in the statement of comprehensive income include(s) such proceeds and cost.
The amendments are applied retrospectively, but only to items of property, plant and equipment that are brought to the
location and condition necessary for them to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management on or after the
beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements in which the entity first applies the amendments.
The entity shall recognise the cumulative effect of initially applying the amendments as an adjustment to the opening balance
of retained earnings (or other component of equity, as appropriate) at the beginning of that earliest period presented. This has
no material impact on the Group Financial Statements.
Amendments to IAS 37 – Onerous Contracts—Cost of Fulfilling a Contract
The amendments specify that the ‘cost of fulfilling’ a contract comprises the ‘costs that relate directly to the contract’. Costs
that relate directly to a contract consist of both the incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour
or materials) and an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts (an example would be the allocation of
the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract).
The amendments apply to contracts for which the entity has not yet fulfilled all its obligations at the beginning of the annual
reporting period in which the entity first applies the amendments. Comparatives are not restated. Instead, the entity shall
recognise the cumulative effect of initially applying the amendments as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained
earnings or other component of equity, as appropriate, at the date of initial application.
This has no material impact on the Group Financial Statements.
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

3.2 New and revised IFRSs in issue but not yet effective
IFRS 17 (including the June 2020 Insurance Contracts
amendments to IFRS 17)
IFRS 10 and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture
Amendments to IAS 1 Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current
Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Disclosure of Accounting Policies
Practice Statement 2
Amendments to IAS 8 Definition of Accounting Estimates
Amendments to IAS 12 Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts

The new Standard establishes the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance
contracts and supersedes IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. The Standard outlines a General Model, which is modified for insurance
contracts with direct participation features, described as the Variable Fee Approach. The General Model is simplified if certain
criteria are met by measuring the liability for remaining coverage using the Premium Allocation Approach.The General Model
will use current assumptions to estimate the amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows and it will explicitly measure
the cost of that uncertainty, it takes into account market interest rates and the impact of policyholders’ options and guarantees.
The implementation of the Standard is unlikely to bring significant changes to the financial statements as the Group does not
hold insurance contracts.
The Standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, with early application permitted.
IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and
its Associate or Joint Venture
The amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 deal with situations where there is a sale or contribution of assets between an investor
and its associate or joint venture. Specifically, the amendments state that gains or losses resulting from the loss of control of a
subsidiary that does not contain a business in a transaction with an associate or a joint venture that is accounted for using the
equity method, are recognised in the parent’s profit or loss only to the extent of the unrelated investors’ interests in that
associate or joint venture. Similarly, gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of investments retained in any former
subsidiary (that has become an associate or a joint venture that is accounted for using the equity method) to fair value are
recognised in the former parent’s profit or loss only to the extent of the unrelated investors’ interests in the new associate or
joint venture. The effective date of the amendments has yet to be set by the IASB; however, earlier application of the
amendments is permitted. The directors of the Company anticipate that the application of these amendments may have an
impact on the Group's consolidated financial statements in future periods should such transactions arise.
Amendments to IAS 1 – Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current

The amendments to IAS 1 affect only the presentation of liabilities as current or non-current in the statement of financial
position and not the amount or timing of recognition of any asset, liability, income or expenses, or the information disclosed
about those items.
The amendments clarify that the classification of liabilities as current or non-current is based on rights that are in existence at
the end of the reporting period, specify that classification is unaffected by expectations about whether an entity will exercise its
right to defer settlement of a liability, explain that rights are in existence if covenants are complied with at the end of the
reporting period, and introduce a definition of ‘settlement’ to make clear that settlement refers to the transfer to the
counterparty of cash, equity instruments, other assets or services.
The amendments are applied retrospectively for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, with early application
permitted. This is not expected to have a material impact on the Group Financial Statements
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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IFRS Practice Statement 2 Making Materiality
Judgements—Disclosure of Accounting Policies
The amendments change the requirements in IAS 1 with regard to disclosure of accounting policies. The amendments replace
all instances of the term ‘significant accounting policies’ with ‘material accounting policy information’. Accounting policy
information is material if, when considered together with other information included in an entity’s financial statements, it can
reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis
of those financial statements.
The supporting paragraphs in IAS 1 are also amended to clarify that accounting policy information that relates to immaterial
transactions, other events or conditions is immaterial and need not be disclosed. Accounting policy information may be
material because of the nature of the related transactions, other events or conditions, even if the amounts are immaterial.
However, not all accounting policy information relating to material transactions, other events or conditions is itself material.
The Board has also developed guidance and examples to explain and demonstrate the application of the ‘four-step materiality
process’ described in IFRS Practice Statement 2.
The amendments to IAS 1 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, with earlier application
permitted and are applied prospectively. The amendments to IFRS Practice Statement 2 do not contain an effective date or
transition requirements.
These amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the Group Financial Statements
Amendments to IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors—Definition of

The amendments replace the definition of a change in accounting estimates with a definition of accounting estimates. Under
the new definition, accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement
uncertainty”
The definition of a change in accounting estimates was deleted. However, the Board retained the concept of changes in
accounting estimates in the Standard with the following clarifications:
• A change in accounting estimate that results from new information or new developments is not the correction of an error
• The effects of a change in an input or a measurement technique used to develop an accounting estimate are
changes in accounting estimates if they do not result from the correction of prior period errors
The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 to changes in accounting policies and
changes in accounting estimates that occur on or after the beginning of that period, with earlier application permitted.
The Directors anticipate that the amendment will have an impact on the Financial Statements if such changes in accounting
estimates and errors occur.
43
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes—Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single
Transaction
The amendments introduce a further exception from the initial recognition exemption. Under the amendments, an entity does
not apply the initial recognition exemption for transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences
Depending on the applicable tax law, equal taxable and deductible temporary differences may arise on initial recognition of an
asset and liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit. For
example, this may arise upon recognition of a lease liability and the corresponding right-of-use asset applying IFRS 16 at the
commencement date of a lease
Following the amendments to IAS 12, an entity is required to recognise the related deferred tax asset and liability,
with the recognition of any deferred tax asset being subject to the recoverability criteria in IAS 12.
The amendments apply to transactions that occur on or after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. In
addition, at the beginning of the earliest comparative period an entity recognises:
• A deferred tax asset (to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible
temporary difference can be utilised) and a deferred tax liability for all deductible and taxable temporary differences associated
with:
– Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities
– Decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities and the corresponding amounts recognised as part of the cost of the
related asset
• The cumulative effect of initially applying the amendments as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (or
other component of equity, as appropriate) at that date.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, with earlier application
permitted.
The Directors anticipate that the amendment will have an impact of the Fiancial Statements if such transactions occur.
4 Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to make judgements, estimates and
assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and
expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The management of the Group revises its estimates and assumptions
on a regular basis to ensure that they are relevant regarding the past experience and the current economic and political
environment. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are
recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. The accounting for certain
provisions, certain financial instruments and the disclosure of financial assets, contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
consolidated and separate financial statements is judgmental. The items, subject to judgment, are detailed in the corresponding
notes to the consolidated and separate financial statements.
In particular, information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgements in applying accounting
policies that have the most significant effect on the amount recognised in the financial statements are discussed below:
44
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

4. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty continued
4.1 Critical accounting judgements

4.1.1 Provisions and Contingencies
The Group makes judgements in recognition and measurement of provisions and contingencies especially relating to key
assumptions about the likelihood and magnitude of an outflow of resources. See note 35
4.2 Key sources of estimation uncertainty
4.2.1 Impairment of property, plant and equipment

Assumptions underlying the estimation of value in use in respect of cash-generating units for impairment testing purposes
require the use of estimates such as long-term discount rates and growth rates.
4.2.2 Provision for site restoration
Where the Group is legally, contractually or constructively required to restore a site, the estimated costs of site restoration are
accrued for at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows and are recognised. The
unwinding of the discount is expensed as incurred and recognised in the statement of profit or loss as a finance cost. The
estimated future costs of site restoration are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. The estimated future costs for
known restoration requirements are determined on a site-by-site basis and are calculated based on the present value of future
activities. See further details in Note 28
4.2.3 Uncertain tax treatments
Significant estimates are required in determining the provision for income taxes. There are many transactions and calculations
for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Group recognises liabilities tax
issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from
the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period
in which such determination is made.
4.2.4 Measurement of ECL allowance on trade receivables
The Group assesses its trade receivables for impairment at the end of each reporting period. In determining whether an
impairment should be recorded in profit or loss, the Group makes significant assumptions in line with the expected credit loss
model of IFRS 9 in determining the weighted average loss rate. See further details in Note 21.
4.2.5 Employee benefit obligations

The cost of the defined benefit plans and the present value of retirement benefit obligations and long service awards are
determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual
developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and
changes in inflation rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, these obligations are
highly sensitive to changes in assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. The parameter most subject to
change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management considers market yield on federal
government bond in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation and extrapolated as
needed along the yield curve to correspond with the expected term of the defined benefit obligation. Further information is
provided in Note 29.
4.2.6 Impairment of investment in subsidiaries
Management estimates the recoverable amount of the Investment in subsidiaries by assessing the value in use. Estimating the
recoverable amount involves a number of assumptions, judgements and estimates regarding various inputs.
4.2.7 Deferred tax asset
Recognition of deferred tax asset: assumptions about the availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried
forward can be utilised.
45
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

5 Revenue
Group Company
5.1 Volumes 2022 2021 2022 2021
'000 tonnes '000 tonnes '000 tonnes '000 tonnes
Cement production and bagging capacity (for the year) 51,550 51,550 29,250 29,250
Production volume* 27,240 28,516 15,629 16,832

Trade cement purchase* 678 600 2,395 1,557
Decrease/(increase) in stocks** (151) 155 (183) 223
Sales volume* 27,767 29,271 17,841 18,612
* includes both cement and clinker volumes
** Decrease/(increase) in stocks refers to the difference between the opening and closing stocks for the year.
An analysis of revenue in naira is as follows:

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
5.2 Revenue from contracts with customers ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Revenue from sales of cement and clinker 1,618,320 1,383,635 1,205,401 993,399
Revenue from sales of other products 3 2 - -
1,618,323 1,383,637 1,205,401 993,399
Group revenue after adjusting intra-group sales as shown above are from external customers
5.3 Information about major customers

Included in revenue arising from direct sales of cement of ₦1,618.3 billion (2021: ₦1,383.6 billion) is revenue of approximately ₦37.2
billion (2021: ₦40.0 billion) which arose from sales to the Group's largest customer.
No single customer contributed 10% or more to the Group's revenue for both 2022 and 2021 financial years.
5.4 Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers
The table below shows the revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by domestic sales vis-à-vis export sales. It also shows
a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the Group’s reportable segments.
Nigeria Pan Africa Total
Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Domestic sales 1,172,865 956,960 389,088 369,259 1,561,953 1,326,219
Export sales 32,536 36,439 25,742 28,070 58,278 64,509
1,205,401 993,399 414,830 397,329 1,620,231 1,390,728
Inter-segment sales - - - - (1,908) (7,091)
1,205,401 993,399 414,830 397,329 1,618,323 1,383,637
6 Segment information
6.1 Products and services from which reportable segments derive their revenue
The Executive Management Committee is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker. Management has determined operating
segments based on the information reported and reviewed by the Executive Management Committee for the purposes of allocating
resources and assessing performance. The Executive Management Committee reviews internal management reports on at least a
quarterly basis. These internal reports are prepared on the same basis as the accompanying consolidated and separate financial
statements.
Segment information is presented in respect of the Group’s reportable segments. For management purposes, the Group is organised into
business units by geographical areas in which the Company operates. The Group has 2 reportable segments based on location of the
principal operations as follows:
• Nigeria (includes Company and all subsidiaries operating in Nigeria. See Note 18.1)
• Pan Africa (includes entities operating outside Nigeria. See Note 18.1)
46
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

6 Segment information continued

6.2 Segment revenue and results
The following is an analysis of the Group's revenue, results, assets and liabilities by reportable segment. Performance is measured
based on segment sales revenue, earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) and profit from operating
activities, as included in the internal management reports that are reviewed by the Executive Management Committee. Segment
revenue and operating profit are used to measure performance as management believes that such information is the most relevant in
evaluating results of certain segments relative to other entities that operate within the industry.
For the year ended 31 December 2022

Central
Nigeria Pan Africa Administra- Eliminations Total
Segment Results tive costs
₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Revenue 1,205,401 414,830 - (1,908) 1,618,323
EBITDA* 658,774 64,918 (16,691) 1,237 708,238
Depreciation, amortisation, write off and Impairment 72,575 51,460 - (1,673) 122,362
Other income 3,268 2,415 - (350) 5,333
Profit from operating activities 586,199 13,458 (16,691) 2,910 585,876
Finance income 153,321 26,767 - (141,373) 38,715
Finance costs 97,573 174,699 - (141,902) 130,370
Gain on monetary assets - 29,022 - - 29,022
Income tax expense 135,648 6,043 - - 141,691
Profit/(loss) after tax 506,299 (111,495) (16,691) 4,198 382,311
Segment Assets & Liabilities
Non-current assets 2,004,090 814,593 - (1,226,489) 1,592,194
Current assets 924,409 286,461 - (187,409) 1,023,461
Total Assets 2,928,499 1,101,054 - (1,413,898) 2,615,655
Segment liabilities 1,199,177 1,361,137 - (1,023,606) 1,536,708
Net additions to non-current assets, excluding deferred tax 56,611 112,142 - (104,566) 64,187
* represents earnings before interest, taxes, share of profit from associate, depreciation, amortisation & impairment.
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Central
Administra-
Segment Results Nigeria Pan Africa tive costs Eliminations Total
Revenue 993,399 397,329 - (7,091) 1,383,637
EBITDA* 610,196 88,830 (15,420) 989 684,595
Depreciation, amortisation, write off and Impairment 65,221 38,558 - (1,675) 102,104
Other Income 1,376 4,845 - - 6,221
Profit from operating activities 544,975 50,272 (15,420) 2,664 582,491
Finance income 92,785 36,420 - (108,440) 20,765
Finance costs 44,688 97,260 - (76,241) 65,707
Income tax expense 153,912 20,015 - - 173,927
Profit/(loss) after tax 439,160 (30,583) (15,420) (28,718) 364,439
Segment Assets & Liabilities
Non-current assets 1,942,858 698,042 - (1,121,923) 1,518,977
Current assets 892,475 230,926 - (250,359) 873,042
Total Assets 2,835,333 928,968 - (1,372,282) 2,392,019
Segment liabilities 1,153,211 1,256,375 - (1,001,236) 1,408,350
Net additions to non-current assets, excluding deferred tax 153,232 14,919 - (114,942) 53,209
* represents earnings before interest, taxes, share of profit from associate, depreciation, amortisation & impairment.
47
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

6 Segment information continued
6.3 Eliminations and Adjustments

Elimination and Adjustments relate to the following:
• Profit/(loss) after tax of ₦4.2 billion (2021: ₦28.7 billion) is due to elimination of interest on inter-company loan, trading activities and
exchange differences on net investment reclassified to other comprehensive income.
• Non-current assets of ₦1,226.5 billion (2021: ₦1,121.9 billion) is due to the elimination of investment in subsidiaries with the parent’s share
of their equity and non current inter-company payable and receivable balances.
• Current assets of ₦187.4 billion (2021: ₦250.4 billion) is due to the elimination of current inter-company payable and receivable balances.
• Total liabilities of ₦1,023.6 billion (2021: ₦1,001.2 billion) are due to the elimination of inter-company due to and due from subsidiaries.
• Finance income of ₦141.4 billion (2021: ₦108.4 billion) and finance cost of ₦141.9 billion (2021: ₦76.2 billion) is due to the elimination of
interest on inter-company loan and exchange differences reclassified to other comprehensive income.
• Revenue of ₦1.9 billion (2021: ₦7.1 billion) represents sales by the Nigeria region to the Pan Africa regions.
In addition to the depreciation and amortisation reported above, a sum of ₦2.0 billion (2021: ₦1.3 billion) in the financial statements
represents write off in respect of property, plant and equipment in Pan Africa.
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Group's accounting policies described in Note 2. Each segment bears
its administrative costs and there are no allocations from central administration. This is the measure reported to the Chief Operating Decision
Maker for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance. Group financing (including finance income and
finance costs) and income taxes are managed at an individual company level.
A reconciliation of Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortisation (EBITDA) is presented below:
Group
Year ended Year ended
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
EBITDA 708,238 684,595
Depreciation and amortisation, write off and impairment (122,362) (102,104)
Profit from operating activities 585,876 582,491
Finance income 38,715 20,765
Finance costs (130,370) (65,707)
Gain on monetary assets 29,022 -
Share of profit from associate 759 817
Profit before tax 524,002 538,366
Income tax expense (141,691) (173,927)
Profit after tax 382,311 364,439
2022 2021
Non current assets by country excluding deferred tax
Nigeria 2,004,090 1,942,858
South Africa 69,043 68,973
Senegal 89,857 90,417
Zambia 59,301 58,107
Ethiopia 171,418 52,322
Tanzania 181,920 183,649
Congo 89,919 93,332
Cameroon 45,792 45,937
Ghana 12,467 18,507
Sierra Leone 8,613 14,017
Cote d'ivoire 78,087 63,715
Significant revenue by country (external customers)
Nigeria 1,203,493 986,308
Ghana 13,061 16,847
South Africa 64,472 69,122
Ethiopia 103,272 67,189
Zambia 31,188 31,798
Tanzania 74,382 63,656
Senegal 34,049 51,267
Cameroon 64,804 68,550
Sierra Leone 6,349 10,946
Congo 23,253 17,954
Revenues are attributed to individual countries based on the geographical location of where the cement and clinker originated.
48
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

7. Production cost of sales

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Material consumed 196,517 175,367 224,774 139,129
Fuel & power consumed 266,486 196,634 133,182 113,953
Royalty* 2,429 1,667 1,297 791
Salaries and related staff costs 45,032 38,701 23,091 19,843
Depreciation & amortization 90,757 75,954 41,355 41,207
Plant maintenance 51,351 42,203 26,307 22,148
Other production expenses** 26,376 25,589 9,180 7,816
(Increase)/decrease in finished goods and work in progress (16,058) (5,096) (4,064) 338
662,890 551,019 455,122 345,225
* Royalty payable is charged based on volume of extraction made during the year.
** Other production expenses include expenses such as insurance cost on plant and machinery, site restoration cost, equipment
rental among others.
8. Administrative expenses
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Corporate social responsibility 1,897 3,534 1,337 2,149
Management fee (refer to (a) below) 5,235 5,413 5,235 5,413
Depreciation and amortisation 8,358 6,672 2,244 2,547
Auditors' remuneration (refer to (b) below) 724 697 372 388
Directors' remuneration 1,843 1,409 1,813 1,391
Rent, rate and insurance 6,448 6,804 1,933 2,382
Repairs and maintenance 1,648 1,467 1,148 1,045
Travel expenses 4,413 5,759 2,232 4,182
Bank charges 3,216 3,281 1,281 1,158
Professional and consultancy fees 2,844 2,286 1,389 944
Security expenses 2,939 2,203 894 739
Janitorial and Office Cleaning 1,417 897 913 808
General administrative expenses 8,821 4,083 4,423 588
Others 2,986 2,573 580 1,500
Impairment of non-financial assets 1,972 1,338 129 122
79,879 64,349 42,532 33,319
(a) The management fee is charged by Dangote Industries Limited (DIL) for management and corporate services provided to
Dangote Cement Plc. (DCP) It is an apportionment of DIL shared-service cost to DCP plus mark-up.
(b) Auditors' remuneration is detailed in the table below:
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Audit fees 667 652 347 361
Non-audit fees:
Audit related services* 57 45 25 27-
724 697 372 388
* Included in audit related services are fees for limited quarterly review and certification of financial information.
Other employee related disclosures Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Aggregate payroll costs: ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Wages, salaries and staff welfare 86,328 68,401 51,012 37,977
Pension costs 2,444 3,546 1,363 1,372
Employee benefits obligation 1,551 877 1,508 614
90,323 72,824 53,883 39,963
49
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

8. Administrative expenses continued

2022 2021 2022 2021
Number Number Number Number
Full time employees remunerated at higher rate excluding allowances:
₦ ₦
Up to 250,000 540 299 - 53
250,001 - 500,000 2,799 7,107 1,901 6,918
500,001 - 750,000 8,842 4,604 8,509 4,332
750,001 - 1,000,000 2,203 1,569 1,890 1,391
1,000,001 - 1,250,000 1,480 1,361 1,273 1,223
1,250,001 - 1,500,000 648 516 539 426
1,500,001 - 2,000,000 817 475 635 359
2,000,001 and above 1,783 1,816 1,050 514
19,112 17,747 15,797 15,216
The average number of full time employees employed during the year
excluding Directors was as follows:
Management 1,475 826 1,158 604
Non-management 17,218 15,874 14,265 13,565
18,693 16,700 15,423 14,169
Chairman's and Directors' remuneration

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Directors’ remuneration comprises:
Emoluments 1,843 1,409 1,813 1,391
1,843 1,409 1,813 1,391
Chairman 54 44 54 44
Highest paid Director 736 531 736 531
Number of Directors whose emoluments were within the following ranges:
2022 2021 2022 2021
₦ ₦ Number Number Number Number
1 – 20,000,000 - 1 - 1
Above 20,000,000 15 15 15 15
15 16 15 16
9. Selling and distribution expenses

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Depreciation 21,275 18,140 16,666 14,966
Advertisement and promotion 7,514 3,206 6,855 2,637
Haulage expenses 242,457 147,495 184,101 98,540
Others 3,815 4,627 3,120 3,985
295,234 191,658 224,925 132,285
50
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

10. Finance income and finance costs

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
10.1 Finance income:
Interest income 38,715 20,765 73,540 48,031
Dividend income - - 4,707 -
Others - foreign exchange gain - - 43,617 44,752
38,715 20,765 121,864 92,783
10.2 Finance costs:
Interest expenses* 75,242 57,173 61,388 42,265
Less: amounts included in the cost of qualifying assets (Note 15) - (847) - (340)
75,242 56,326 61,388 41,925
Foreign exchange loss 53,929 8,766 - -
Other finance cost 1,199 615 1,153 576
130,370 65,707 62,541 42,501
* The average effective interest rate on funds borrowed generally is 11.64% and 10.56% per annum for Group and Company respectively.
(2021: 10.75% per annum for Group and 11.3% per annum for Company).
All interest income and interest costs are from financial instrument measured at amortised cost.
The schedule below shows the exchange rates presented in one unit of foreign currency to Naira for the significant currencies used in
the group:
2022 2021
Average rate Year-end rate Average rate Year-end rate
Currency
South African Rand to Naira 26.2650 27.0600 25.9000 26.9558
Central Africa Franc to Naira 0.6872 0.7503 0.7393 0.7353
Ethiopian Birr to Naira 8.0994 8.4752 9.1935 8.4522
Zambian Kwacha to Naira 25.2850 25.5457 21.2745 25.4826
Tanzanian Shilling to Naira 0.1847 0.1980 0.1779 0.1847
Ghanaian Cedi to Naira 50.2696 47.0510 70.0157 70.1008
United States dollar to Naira 428.9467 461.1000 410.9200 424.1100
11. Other income Group Company

31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Insurance claims 2,024 501 923 202
Government grant 34 71 1 36
Sale of scrap 509 279 474 194
Gain from disposal of property,plant and equipment 21 378 - 359
Other miscellaneous income* 2,745 4,992 2,152 1,184
5,333 6,221 3,550 1,975
* Other miscellaneous income includes ₦383.07 million (2021: ₦3.42 billion) derived from the sale of electricity and ₦2.15 billion (2021:
₦1.18 billion) from sale of raw materials to subsidiaries recognised in Company.
51
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

12 Profit before tax

Profit before tax includes the following charges/(credits):
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and right-of-use asset 120,029 100,488 60,213 58,656
Amortisation of intangible assets 361 278 52 64
Auditors' remuneration 724 697 372 388
Employee benefits expenses 90,323 72,824 53,883 39,963
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment 21 378 - 359
Lease rental expenses 2,414 1,285 531 189
Directors emoluments 1,843 1,409 1,813 1,391
Write off & impairment of property, plant, equipment and intangible assets 1,972 1,338 129 122
Foreign exchange loss/(gain) 53,929 8,766 (43,617) (44,752)
Management service fee 5,235 5,413 5,235 5,413
Royalty 2,429 1,667 1,297 791
Impairment of financial assets (223) 341 705 402
13 Earnings per share

The earnings and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share are as
follows:
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company 375,988 361,008 402,857 381,100

31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Units Units Units Units
(million) (million) (million) (million)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic and
diluted earnings per share 16,880 17,000 16,880 17,000
Basic & diluted earnings per share (Naira) 22.27 21.24 23.87 22.42
14. Income taxes

14.1 Income tax expense recognised in profit or loss
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Current tax
Current year (168,601) (154,915) (155,668) (144,861)
Deferred tax
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 26,910 (19,012) 13,535 (8,464)
Total income tax expense recognised in the current year (141,691) (173,927) (142,133) (153,325)
52
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

14. Income taxes continued

The income tax expense for the year can be reconciled to the profit before tax as follows:
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Income tax expense calculated at 30% (2021: 30%) (157,201) (161,510) (163,497) (160,328)
Education Tax (13,193) (13,055) (13,193) (13,055)
Effect of tax holiday and income that is exempt from taxation 39,849 26,991 10,899 7,826
Effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit 1,946 (337) (201) (13)
Effect of previously unrecognised temporary difference now recognised as
deferred tax assets. 3,405 - - -
Effect of previously recognised temporary difference now derecognised as
deferred tax assets. - (36) - -
Effect of deferred tax not recognised on net investment exchange gains 23,792 2,727 21,176 11,680
Effect of prior year over provision 2,739 (1,102) 1,224 342
Effect of Investment allowance 580 401 580 401
Effect of income taxed at different rates 41 901 225 901
Effect of unused tax losses and offsets not recognised as deferred tax assets (43,964) (28,030) - -
Effect of different tax rates of subsidiaries operating in other jurisdictions 411 460 - -
Others (96) (1,337) 654 (1,079)
Income tax expense recognised in profit or loss (141,691) (173,927) (142,133) (153,325)
The income tax rate of 30% was used for the company income tax computation as established by the tax legislation of Nigeria effective
in 2022 and 2021. Among others, the income tax rate in South Africa is 28%, in Cameroon, 38.5% and 35% in Zambia.
14.2 Current tax assets Group Company

31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Balance at beginning of the year 3,051 7,029 2,542 5,511

Charge for the year (374) 774 - -
Payments during the year 386 291 - -
Additional road infrastructure tax credit 183 22,296 183 22,296
Tax credit utilised to offset current tax payable (1,814) (27,021) (1,814) (25,265)
Effect of currency exchange difference 3 (318) - -
Balance at the end of the year 1,435 3,051 911 2,542
14.3 Current tax liabilities Group Company

31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Balance at beginning of the year 153,385 59,781 146,517 58,117

Charge for the year 168,227 155,689 155,668 144,861
Payments during the year (150,380) (33,117) (143,431) (31,196)
Witholding tax credit and grant utilised (1,522) (21) - -
Tax credit utilised to offset current tax liabilities (1,814) (27,021) (1,814) (25,265)
Effect of currency exchange difference 75 (1,926) - -
Balance at the end of the year 167,971 153,385 156,940 146,517
14.3.1 Income tax paid Group Company

31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Current tax assets (Note14.2) 386 291 - -
Current tax liabilities (Note14.3) 150,380 33,117 143,431 31,196
Income tax paid as per statement of cash flows 150,766 33,408 143,431 31,196
53
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

14.4 Deferred tax balance Group Company

31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Deferred tax assets 14,193 5,163 - -
Deferred tax liabilities (154,026) (135,003) (112,691) (126,226)
Net deferred tax liabilities (139,833) (129,840) (112,691) (126,226)
Group 31/12/2022
Recognised Effect of
Opening in profit or currency Net closing Deferred Deferred tax
balance loss translation balance tax assets liabilities
Deferred tax (liabilities)/assets in relation to:
Property, plant & equipment (143,110) 1,149 (103,274) (245,235) 7,675 (257,533)
Unrealised exchange gains/losses (19,676) 15,024 - (4,652) 1,154 -
Employee benefits 1,419 1,721 16 3,156 3,156 -
Provision 6,706 10,043 65,323 82,072 82,409 -
Tax losses 25,029 (570) 1,160 25,619 24,099 -
Right-of-use assets (208) (457) (128) (793) 11 (804)
Deferred tax (liabilities)/assets before set-off (129,840) 26,910 (36,903) (139,833) 118,504 (258,337)
Set-off of tax - - - - (104,311) 104,311
Net tax (liabilities)/assets (129,840) 26,910 (36,903) (139,833) 14,193 (154,026)
31/12/2021
Recognised Effect of
Opening in profit or currency Net closing Deferred Deferred tax
balance loss translation balance tax assets liabilities
Property, plant & equipment (134,278) (7,217) (1,615) (143,110) - (147,733)
Unrealised exchange gainsl/osses (19,290) (310) (76) (19,676) - (13,870)
Employee benefits 1,066 367 (14) 1,419 1,419 -
Provision 4,094 2,593 19 6,706 7,043 -
Tax losses 37,485 (14,583) 2,127 25,029 23,509 -
Right-of-use assets (349) 138 3 (208) 18 (226)
Deferred tax (liabilities)/assets before set-off (111,272) (19,012) 444 (129,840) 31,989 (161,829)
Set-off of tax - - - - (26,826) 26,826
Net tax (liabilities)/assets (111,272) (19,012) 444 (129,840) 5,163 (135,003)
Company 31/12/2022
Recognised
Net opening in profit or Net closing
balance loss balance
₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Property, plant & equipment (115,430) (3,944) (119,374)
Unrealised exchange gains/losses (13,871) 15,024 1,153
Employee benefits obligations 1,066 1,713 2,779
Provision 2,193 334 2,527
Right-of-use assets (184) 408 224
Deferred tax liabilities (126,226) 13,535 (112,691)
54
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

Company 31/12/2021
Recognised Net closing
Net opening in profit or
balance
balance loss
Property, plant & equipment (105,948) (9,482) (115,430)
Unrealised exchange gains/losses (14,412) 541 (13,871)
Employee benefits obligations 1,066 - 1,066
Provision 1,881 312 2,193
Right-of-use assets (349) 165 (184)
Deferred tax liabilities (117,762) (8,464) (126,226)
Tax authorities in various jurisdictions where the Group operates in, reserve the right to audit the tax charges for the
financial year ended 31 December 2022 and prior years. In cases where tax audits have been carried out and additional
charges levied, the Group has responded to the tax authorities challenging the technical merits and made a provision it
considers appropriate in line with the technical merits of issues raised by tax authorities.
Deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits for which no deferred tax assets have been
recognised because it is not probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the benefits can be utilised,
are attributable to the following:
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Tax losses 79,978 99,143 - -

Unused tax credits - - -
Deductible temporary differences (5,273) (6,728) - -
74,705 92,415 - -
The unrecognised tax credits will expire as follows:

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Year 1 - 13,038 - -
Year 2 1,545 6,670 - -
Year 3 1,233 21,758 - -
Year 4 11,154 9,308 - -
Year 5 11,062 - - -
After Year 5 605 509 - -
No expiry date 49,106 41,132 -- --
74,705 92,415 - -
Deferred tax liability amounting to ₦50.1 billion (2021: ₦41.1 billion) for both Group and Company was not recognised in
this financial statements. This relates to exchange on inter-company loans classified as part of the net investment in
subsidiaries.
55
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

15 Property, plant and equipment

15.1 The Group
Land,
leasehold Capital
improvements Plant and Motor Furniture & work-In-
and buildings machinery vehicles Aircraft equipment progress Total
₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Cost
At 1 January 2021 261,999 1,193,221 242,247 4,028 13,144 269,306 1,983,945
Additions 1,800 7,255 2,035 - 714 174,010 185,814
Reclassifications 21,698 14,398 27,023 - 633 (63,752) -
Transfers (Note 15.1.1) (6,036) (5,344) (7) - - (2,861) (14,248)
Disposal - - (85) - (7) (857) (949)
Write-off - (811) (124) - (32) (838) (1,805)
Effect of foreign currency
exchange rates differences 1,654 6,938 2,340 - 219 3,931 15,082
Balance at 31 December 2021 281,115 1,215,657 273,429 4,028 14,671 378,939 2,167,839
At 1 January 2022 281,115 1,215,657 273,429 4,028 14,671 378,939 2,167,839
Additions 861 9,887 4,531 - 448 50,218 65,945
Reclassifications 4,842 194,019 8,612 - 1,049 (208,522) -
Transfers (Note 15.1.1) - (19) (95) - (10) (24,939) (25,063)
Disposal - - (95) - - - (95)
Write-off (73) (248) (182) - (10) (33) (546)
exchange rates differences 34,402 161,759 10,652 - 2,275 2,664 211,752
Balance at 31 December 2022 321,147 1,581,055 296,852 4,028 18,423 198,327 2,419,832
Accumulated depreciation and
impairment
At 1 January 2021 53,593 359,432 170,071 2,729 7,433 - 593,258
Depreciation expense 11,423 56,806 28,473 403 1,437 - 98,542
Transfers (Note 15.1.1) (126) - - - - - (126)
Disposal - - (83) - (6) - (89)
Impairment - (433) (2) - (32) - (467)
exchange rates differences 233 1,766 1,773 - 90 - 3,862
Balance at 31 December 2021 65,123 417,571 200,232 3,132 8,922 - 694,980
At 1 January 2022 65,123 417,571 200,232 3,132 8,922 - 694,980
Depreciation expense 12,487 72,380 30,895 403 1,690 - 117,855
Transfers (Note 15.1.1) - - (22) - - - (22)
Disposal - - (95) - - - (95)
Impairment (66) (234) 1,733 - (7) - 1,426
exchange rates differences 12,685 54,522 9,839 - 1,349 - 78,395
Carrying amounts:
At 1 January 2021 208,406 833,789 72,176 1,299 5,711 269,306 1,390,687
At 31 December 2021 215,992 798,086 73,197 896 5,749 378,939 1,472,859
`
At 31 December 2022 230,918 1,036,816 54,270 493 6,469 198,327 1,527,293
15.1.1 Represents amounts transferred to customers, vendors and related parties.

15.1.2 Borrowing cost capitalised to property, plant and equipment for the Group was Nil (2021: ₦0.85 billion) calculated at an
average interest rate of Nil (2021: 7.5%)
15.1.3 Some borrowings are secured by a debenture on all the fixed and floating assets (Note 26)
56
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

15. Property, plant and equipment continued
15.2 The Company

Land,
leasehold Capital
improvements Plant and Motor Furniture & work-In-
and buildings machinery vehicles Aircraft equipment progress Total
₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Cost
At 1 January 2021 70,343 642,500 164,702 4,028 4,552 43,084 929,209
Additions 1,310 131 1,445 - 147 69,371 72,404
Reclassifications 18,264 9,374 27,049 - 506 (55,193) -
Transfers (Note 15.2.1) - (4,859) (4) - - (5,712) (10,575)
Disposal - - (5) - (7) (857) (869)
Write-off - - (122) - - - (122)
Balance at 31 December 2021 89,917 647,146 193,065 4,028 5,198 50,693 990,047
At 1 January 2022 89,917 647,146 193,065 4,028 5,198 50,693 990,047
Additions 32 1,942 110 - 26 24,339 26,449
Reclassifications 358 17,394 8,206 - 479 (26,437) -
Transfers (Note 15.2.1) - (19) (95) - (10) (22,810) (22,934)
Balance at 31 December 2022 90,307 666,463 201,286 4,028 5,693 25,785 993,562
Accumulated depreciation & impairment

At 1 January 2021 18,092 239,579 113,435 2,729 3,448 - 377,283
Depreciation expense 3,276 30,338 23,170 403 704 - 57,891
Disposal - - (4) - (6) - (10)

At 1 January 2022 21,368 269,917 136,601 3,132 4,146 - 435,164
Depreciation expense 3,512 30,250 24,599 403 634 - 59,398
Transfers (Note 15.2.1) - - (22) - - - (22)
Impairment - - 129 - - - 129
Carrying amounts:
At 1 January 2021 52,251 402,921 51,267 1,299 1,104 43,084 551,926
At 31 December 2021 68,549 377,229 56,464 896 1,052 50,693 554,883
At 31 December 2022 65,427 366,296 39,979 493 913 25,785 498,893
15.2.1 Represents amounts transferred to customers, vendors and related parties.

15.2.2 Borrowing cost capitalised to property, plant and equipment for the Company was Nil (2021: ₦0.34 billion) calculated at an
average interest rate of Nil (2021: 6.4%)
15.2.3 Some borrowings are secured by a debenture on all the fixed and floating assets (Note 26)
57
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

15. Property, plant and equipment continued

15.3 Capital work in progress
Capital work in progress comprises amounts incurred with respect to Leasehold improvements and buildings, Plant and
machinery, Motor vehicles as well as Furniture and equipment as at year end.
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Closing capital work in progress is analysed as follows:
Leasehold improvements and buildings 4,127 8,156 800 751
Plant and machinery 191,927 333,695 24,275 15,063
Motor vehicles 930 36,941 710 34,879
Furniture & equipment 1,343 147 - -
198,327 378,939 25,785 50,693
16 Intangible assets
Group Company
Computer Exploration Computer
software assets Total software Total
Cost
At 1 January 2021 5,371 3,325 8,696 1,539 1,539
Additions 557 291 848 31 31
Write off (78) - (78) - -
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates differences (83) (4) (87) - -
Balance at 31 December 2021 5,767 3,612 9,379 1,570 1,570
At 1 January 2022 5,767 3,612 9,379 1,570 1,570
Additions 49 258 307 19 19
Write off (118) - (118) - -
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates differences 732 1,288 2,020 - -
Balance at 31 December 2022 6,430 5,158 11,588 1,589 1,589
Accumulated amortization and impairment
At 1 January 2021 3,880 262 4,142 1,359 1,359
Amortization expense 240 38 278 64 64
Impairment (78) - (78) - -
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates differences (69) (16) (85) - -
Balance at 31 December 2021 3,973 284 4,257 1,423 1,423
At 1 January 2022 3,973 284 4,257 1,423 1,423
Amortization expense 281 80 361 52 52
Impairment (118) - (118) - -
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates differences 653 210 863 - -
Balance at 31 December 2022 4,789 574 5,363 1,475 1,475
Carrying amounts:
At 1 January 2021 1,491 3,063 4,554 180 180
At 31 December 2021 1,794 3,328 5,122 147 147
At 31 December 2022 1,641 4,584 6,225 114 114
Computer software represent software which is amortised on a straight line basis.
Exploration assets are amortised in line with the useful life of the mines.
Amortisation of intangible assets is included in note 7 and note 8.
There are no development expenditure capitalised as internally generated intangible asset.
58
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

17 Right-of-use assets
17.1 The Group

Land and Plant and Motor
buildings machinery vehicles Total
Cost
At 1 January 2021 13,908 1,094 1,422 16,424
Additions 1,494 372 181 2,047
Transfers (Note 17.1.1) 6,024 - - 6,024
Disposal - (289) - (289)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates differences (83) (11) (17) (111)
Balance at 31 December 2021 21,343 1,166 1,586 24,095
At 1 January 2022 21,343 1,166 1,586 24,095
Additions 2,076 - 3 2,079
Disposal - - (300) (300)
Write off - - (121) (121)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates differences 6,129 52 58 6,239
Balance at 31 December 2022 29,548 1,218 1,226 31,992
Accumulated depreciation
At 1 January 2021 2,601 468 761 3,830

Depreciation expense 1,308 328 310 1,946
Transfers (Note 17.1.1) 126 - - 126
Disposal - (289) - (289)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates differences (62) (5) (17) (84)
Balance at 31 December 2021 3,973 502 1,054 5,529
At 1 January 2022 3,973 502 1,054 5,529

Depreciation expense 1,525 360 289 2,174
Disposal - - (215) (215)
Write off - - (114) (114)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates differences 988 33 46 1,067
Balance at 31 December 2022 6,486 895 1,060 8,441
Carrying amounts:
At 1 January 2021 11,307 626 661 12,594
At 31 December 2021 17,370 664 532 18,566
Balance at 31 December 2022 23,062 323 166 23,551
The Group leases several assets including cement depots, residential apartments, trucks, trailers, fleet vehicles,
forklifts and land. The average lease term is 11.5 years (2021: 15.6 years). The Group lease term ranges from 2 years
to 99 years.
Approximately 29 (2021: 26) of the leases for the Group expired in the current financial year. The expired contracts
were replaced by new leases for similar underlying assets.
17.1.1 Represents amount of leases reclassified from property, plant and equipment.
59
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

17 Right-of-use assets continued
17.2 The Company

Land and
buildings Total
Cost
At 1 January 2021 2,521 2,521
Additions 966 966
Balance at 31 December 2021 3,487 3,487
At 1 January 2022 3,487 3,487
Additions 1,078 1,078
Accumulated depreciation
At 1 January 2021 1,357 1,357

Depreciation expense 765 765

At 1 January 2022 2,122 2,122
Depreciation expense 815 815
Carrying amounts:
At 1 January 2021 1,164 1,164
At 31 December 2021 1,365 1,365
The Company leases several assets including cement depots, residential apartments. The average lease term is 3.05 years
(2021: 2.50 years). The Company lease term ranges from 2 years to 15 years.
Approximately 28 of the 60 (2021: 26 of the 71) leases expired in the current financial year. The expired contracts were
replaced by new leases for similar underlying assets. This resulted in additions to right-of-use assets of ₦1.08 billion (2021:
₦966 million).
17.3 Recognised in Profit or Loss

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Amounts recognised in profit or loss:
Depreciation expense on right-of-use assets 2,174 1,946 815 765
Interest expense on lease liabilities 1,118 842 97 36
Expense relating to short-term leases 1,296 443 434 153
As at 31 December 2022, the Group is committed to ₦0.98 billion (2021: ₦0.80 billion) for short-term leases.
All payments for leases are fixed.

The total cash outflow for leases amount to ₦3.70 billion (2021: ₦2.64 billion)
60
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

18. Information regarding subsidiaries and associate
18.1 Subsidiaries
Details of the Group's subsidiaries at the end of the reporting year are as follows;
Place of Proportion of ownership
incorporation or voting power held by
Direct subsidiaries Principal Activity and operation the Group
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Dangote Cement South Africa (Pty) Limited Cement production South Africa 64.00% 64.00%
Dangote Cement (Ethiopia) Plc Cement production Ethiopia 99.97% 99.97%
Dangote Cement Zambia Limited Cement production Zambia 99.96% 99.96%
Dangote Cement Senegal S.A Cement production Senegal 99.99% 99.99%
Dangote Cement Cameroun S.A Cement Grinding Cameroun 99.97% 99.97%
Dangote Cement Limited, Tanzania Cement production Tanzania 99.70% 99.70%
Dangote Cement Congo S.A Cement production Congo 100.00% 100.00%
Dangote Cement (Sierra Leone) Limited Bagging and distribution of cement Sierra Leone 99.60% 99.60%
Dangote Cement Cote D'Ivoire S.A Cement Grinding Cote D'Ivoire 80.00% 80.00%
Dangote Industries Gabon S.A Cement Grinding Gabon 80.00% 80.00%
Dangote Cement Ghana Limited Bagging and distribution of cement Ghana 100.00% 100.00%
Dangote Cement - Liberia Ltd. Bagging and distribution of cement Liberia 100.00% 100.00%
Dangote Cement Burkina Faso S.A Selling and distribution of cement Burkina Faso 95.00% 95.00%
Dangote Cement Chad S.A Selling and distribution of cement Chad 95.00% 95.00%
Dangote Cement Mali S.A Selling and distribution of cement Mali 95.00% 95.00%
Dangote Cement Niger SARL Selling and distribution of cement Niger 95.00% 95.00%
Dangote Industries Benin S.A Selling and distribution of cement Benin 98.00% 98.00%
Dangote Cement Togo S.A Selling and distribution of cement Togo 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Cement Kenya Limited Cement production Kenya 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Quarries Kenya Limited Limestone mining Kenya 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Cement Madagascar Limited Cement production Madagascar 95.00% 95.00%
Dangote Quarries Mozambique Limitada Cement production Mozambique 95.00% 95.00%
Dangote Cement Nepal Pvt. Limited Cement production Nepal 100.00% 100.00%
Dangote Zimbabwe Holdings (Private) Limited Investment holding Zimbabwe 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Cement Zimbabwe (Private) Limited Cement production Zimbabwe 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Energy Zimbabwe (Private) Limited Power production Zimbabwe 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Mining Zimbabwe (Private) Limited Coal production Zimbabwe 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Cement Guinea SA Cement production Guinea 95.00% 95.00%
Cimenterie Obajana Sprl- D.R. Congo Cement production D.R. Congo 98.00% 98.00%
Itori Cement Plc. Cement production Nigeria 99.00% 99.00%
Okpella Cement Plc. Cement production Nigeria 99.00% 99.00%
Dangote Takoradi Cement Production Limited Cement Grinding Ghana 99.00% 99.00%
Dangote Cement Yaounde Cement Grinding Cameroun 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Cement Congo D.R. S.A Cement production D.R. Congo 99.00% 99.00%
DCP Cement Limited Cement production Nigeria 90.00% 90.00%
Dangote Mines Limited, Tanzania Cement production Tanzania 99.70% 99.70%
Dangote Contracting Services Limited, Tanzania Contracting Services Tanzania 99.70% 99.70%
Dangote Mining Niger S.A Limestone mining Niger 88.00% 88.00%
Dangote Ceramics Limited Manufacturing of ceramics products Nigeria 99.00% 99.00%
Indirect Subsidiaries
Dangote Cement South Africa (Pty) Limited
Subsidiaries
Sephaku Development (Pty) Ltd Mining right holder South Africa 85.00% 85.00%
Sephaku Delmas Properties (Pty) Ltd Investment property South Africa 100.00% 100.00%
Blue Waves Properties 198 (Pty) Ltd Exploration South Africa 100.00% 100.00%
Sephaku Enterprise Development (Pty) Ltd Cement production South Africa 100.00% 100.00%
Dangote Dwaalboom mining (Pty) Ltd Investment property South Africa 100.00% 100.00%
Benificial Ingenuity (Pty) Limited Investment holding South Africa 80.00% 80.00%
61
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

18 Information regarding subsidiaries and associate continued
Place of Proportion of ownership or

incorporation voting power held by the
Indirect Subsidiaries Principal Activity and operation Group
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Benificial Ingenuity (Pty) Limited Subsidiary
Sephaku Limestone and Exploration (Pty) Ltd Exploration South Africa 52.00% 52.00%
Dangote Cement Zambia Limited
Dangote Quarries (Zambia) Limited Limestone mining Zambia 99.997% 99.997%
Dangote Fuels Zambia Limited Selling and distribution of fuels Zambia 99.00% 99.00%
Dangote Cement Nepal Pvt. Limited subsidiary
Birat Cement Pvt. Limited Cement production and distribution Nepal 100.00% 100.00%
18.2 Investments in subsidiaries Group Company

31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Dangote Cement South Africa (Pty) Limited - - 27,922 27,922

Dangote Cement (Ethiopia) Plc - - 40,036 40,036
Dangote Cement Zambia Limited - - 106 106
Dangote Cement Senegal S.A - - 64,782 64,782
Dangote Cement Cameroun S.A - - 15,160 15,160
Dangote Cement Ghana Limited - - 135 135
Dangote Cement Limited, Tanzania - - 13,851 13,851
Dangote Cement Congo S.A - - 86,997 3
Dangote Cement (Sierra Leone) Limited - - 18 18
Dangote Cement Cote D'Ivoire S.A - - 16 16
Dangote Industries Gabon S.A - - 31 31
Dangote Cement Burkina faso SA - - 3 3
Dangote Cement Chad SA - - 3 3
Dangote Cement Mali SA - - 3 3
Dangote Cement Niger SARL - - 7 7
Dangote Industries Benin S.A. - - 3 3
Dangote Cement Togo S.A. - - 5 5
Dangote Takoradi Cement Production Limited - - 141 141
Dangote Cement Madagascar Limited - - 2 2
Dangote Cement Congo D.R. S.A - - 6 6
Itori Cement Plc. - - 1 1
Okpella Cement Plc. - - 1 1
DCP Cement Limited - - 1 1
Dangote Ceramics Limited - - 10 10
Dangote Cement Yaounde - - 22 22
Dangote Mining Niger S.A - - - -
Dangote Cement - Liberia Ltd. - - - -
Dangote Cement Kenya Limited - - - -
Dangote Quarries Kenya Limited - - - -
Dangote Quarries Mozambique Limitada - - - -
Dangote Cement Nepal Pvt. Ltd. - - - -
Dangote Zimbabwe Holdings (Private) Limited - - - -
Dangote Cement Zimbabwe (Private) Limited - - - -
Dangote Energy Zimbabwe (Private) Limited - - - -
Dangote Mining Zimbabwe (Private) Limited - - - -
Dangote Cement Guinea SA - - - -
Cimenterie Obajana Sprl- D.R. Congo - - - -
Dangote Mines Limited, Tanzania - - - -
Dangote Contracting Services Limited, Tanzania - - - -
- - 249,262 162,268
62
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

18. Information regarding subsidiaries and associate continued

18.3 Investment in associate Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Societe des Ciments d' Onigbolo 1,582 1,582 1,582 1,582

Accumulated share of profit 4,946 4,129 - -
6,528 5,711 1,582 1,582
Dividend income (4,707) - - -
Current year share of profit 759 817 - -
2,580 6,528 1,582 1,582
The Group holds 43% of the voting rights in Societe des Ciments d' Onigbolo, a cement producing company incorporated in
the Republic of Benin.
18.4 Composition of the Group
Information about the composition of the Group at the end of the reporting year is as follows:
Place of incorporation and Number of wholly-owned

Principal activity operation subsidiaries
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Cement production Congo 1 1
Bagging and distribution of cement Liberia 1 1
Bagging and distribution of cement Ghana 1 1
Cement production Nepal 1 1
Place of incorporation and Number of non- wholly-
Principal activity operation owned subsidiaries
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Cement production South Africa 1 1
Cement production Ethiopia 1 1
Cement production Zambia 1 1
Cement production Senegal 1 1
Cement Grinding Cameroun 2 2
Cement production Tanzania 2 2
Contracting Services Tanzania 1 1
Bagging and distribution of cement Sierra Leone 1 1
Bagging and distribution of cement Cote D'Ivoire 1 1
Cement Grinding Gabon 1 1
Selling and distribution of cement Burkina Faso 1 1
Selling and distribution of cement Chad 1 1
Selling and distribution of cement Mali 1 1
Selling and distribution of cement Niger 1 1
Limestone mining Niger 1 1
Limestone mining Kenya 1 1
Cement production Kenya 1 1
Cement production Madagascar 1 1
Selling and distribution of cement Benin 1 1
Selling and distribution of cement Togo 1 1
Cement production Mozambique 1 1
Holding company Zimbabwe 1 1
Cement production Zimbabwe 1 1
Power production Zimbabwe 1 1
Coal production Zimbabwe 1 1
Cement production Guinea 1 1
Cement production D.R. Congo 2 2
Cement production Nigeria 3 3
Cement Grinding Ghana 1 1
Manufacturing of ceramics products Nigeria 1 1
63
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

18. Information regarding subsidiaries and associate continued

18.5 Details of non-wholly owned subsidiaries that have material non-controlling interests
The table below shows details of the non-wholly owned subsidiary of the Group that has material non-controlling interests:
Place of Proportion of ownership
incorporation interests and voting rights
Name of and principal held by non-controlling Profit/(loss) allocated to Accumulated non-
subsidiary place of business interests non-controlling interests controlling interests
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Dangote Cement South
Africa (Pty) Limited South Africa 36.00% 36.00% (163) 315 16,446 15,821
18.6 Change in the Company’s ownership interest in a subsidiary

There are no changes to the Company's shareholding interest in any subsidiary during the year. Also, no entity was incorporated.
18.7 Significant restrictions
There are no significant restrictions on the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to access or use its assets to settle the liabilities of the
Group.
18.8 Summarised below is the financial information in respect of the Company’s subsidiaries that have material non-controlling interests.
Information below represent amounts before intragroup eliminations.
Dangote Cement South
Africa (Pty) Limited
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Information in respect of the financial position of the subsidiaries
Current assets 18,780 22,805
Non-current assets 74,437 74,068
Current liabilities 33,347 45,358
Non-current liabilities 8,945 2,326
Equity attributable to owners of the Company 50,785 49,084
Non-controlling interests 140 105
Information in respect of the profit and loss and other comprehensive income
Revenue 64,472 69,122
Expenses (64,912) (66,121)
Tax expense (12) (2,126)
(Loss)/Profit for the year (452) 875
(Loss)/Profit attributable to owners of the Company (487) 838
Profit attributable to the non-controlling interests 35 37
(Loss)/Profit for the year (452) 875
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax - -
Total comprehensive income for the year (452) 875
Total comprehensive income attributable to owners of the Company (487) 838
Total comprehensive income attributable to the non-controlling interests 35 37
Total comprehensive income for the year (452) 875
Information in respect of the cash flows of the Subsidiary 27
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests - -
Net cash inflow from operating activities 5,068 8,915
Net cash outflow from investing activities (1,700) (907)
Net cash outflow from financing activities (9,078) (12,143)
Net cash outflow (5,710) (4,135)
64
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

19. Prepayments
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
19.1 Non-current ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Advance to contractors 1,267 4,759 211 211
Total non-current prepayments 1,267 4,759 211 211
19.2 Prepayments and other current assets

Advance to contractors 18,287 17,055 4,934 7,051
Advance payment to suppliers 116,164 101,247 98,144 92,184
Rent, rates and insurance 3,624 3,495 1,181 1,298
Prepayment for road infrastructure tax credit 212 212 212 212
Total current prepayments and other assets 138,287 122,009 104,471 100,745
Due from related parties - current (Note 31)
Parent company 29,522 27,929 29,522 27,929
Loans to parent company 143,812 50,000 143,812 50,000
Entities controlled by the parent company 134,612 111,724 128,965 106,224
Affiliates and associates of parent company 916 60 - -
Subsidiaries - - 170,704 219,888
Total current receivables from related parties 308,862 189,713 473,003 404,041
Prepayments and other current assets 447,149 311,722 577,474 504,786
Non-current advances to contractors represent various advances made to contractors for the construction of plants while
current advances to contractors represent various advances made for the purchase of AGO, coal and other materials which
were not received at the year end.
20 Inventories
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Finished product 11,789 6,574 5,724 2,625
Work-in-progress 24,181 13,338 3,210 2,245
Raw materials 11,545 14,561 6,788 7,029
Packaging materials 11,613 12,618 6,024 7,793
Consumables 26,023 16,602 18,028 10,057
Fuel 31,891 13,577 24,630 5,822
Spare parts 104,779 76,207 58,468 43,398
Goods in transit 17,742 13,728 9,832 9,452
239,563 167,205 132,704 88,421
The cost of inventories recognised as an expense during the year was ₦447.03 billion and ₦257.11 billion (2021: ₦331.84
billion and ₦211.89 billion) in the consolidated and separate financial statements respectively.
The amount recognised as inventories obsolescence during the year was ₦297.22 million (2021: 280.30 million) for Group
and ₦13.60 million (2021: Nil) for Company.
The amount recognised as inventories write back during the year was ₦97.58 million (2021: 20.61 million) for Group and Nil
(2021: Nil) for Company.
Some borrowings are secured by a debenture on all the fixed and floating assets (Note 26)
65
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

21. Trade and other receivables

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Trade receivables 16,045 14,395 8,590 5,819
Impairment allowance on trade receivables (1,462) (1,685) (1,251) (1,484)
14,583 12,710 7,339 4,335
Staff loans and advances 857 553 93 21
Value added tax receivables 4,087 6,720 - -
Receivables from registrar 1,221 1,217 1,221 1,217
Other receivables* 24,742 26,269 8,189 10,225
Total trade and other receivables 45,490 47,469 16,842 15,798
Of the trade receivables balance at the end of the year in the consolidated and separate financial statements, ₦1.14 billion (2021: ₦958
million) represents the largest trade receivable balance due from a single customer at both the Group and Company level. There are no
customers who represent more than 10% of the total balance of trade receivables of the Group and Company after impairment.
* Included in other receivables as at 31 December 2022 is ₦6.04 billion (2021: ₦2.75 billion) and ₦5.2 billion (2021: ₦2.0 billion) relating
to withhoding tax receivable for Group and Company respectively.
The Group always measures the loss allowance for trade receivables at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit loss (ECL). The
expected credit losses on trade receivables are estimated using a provision matrix by reference to past default experience of the debtor
and an analysis of the debtor’s current financial position, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions
of the industry in which the debtors operate and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecast direction of conditions at the
reporting date. The Group has recognised a loss allowance of 100% against all receivables over 720 days past due, except where there is
adequate security, because historical experience has indicated that these receivables are generally not recoverable.
Movement in impairment loss allowance of ₦223 million (2021: ₦341 million relatess to additional provision) for Group and ₦233 million
(2021: ₦402 million) for the Company relates to reversal of provision made during the year for the Group and Company.
There has been no change in the estimation techniques or significant assumptions made during the current reporting year.
The Group writes off a trade receivable when there is information indicating that the debtor is in severe financial difficulty and there is no
realistic prospect of recovery, e.g. when the debtor has been placed under liquidation or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings, or
when the trade receivables are over two years past due, except where there is adequate security. None of the trade receivables that have
been written off is subject to enforcement activities.
Trade receivables are considered to be past due when they exceed the credit period granted.
The following table details the risk profile of trade receivables based on the Group’s provision matrix. As the Group’s historical credit loss
experience does not show significantly different loss patterns for different customer segments, the provision for loss allowance based on
past due status is not further distinguished between the Group’s different customer segment.
Group
31 December 2022 Not past due <30 days 31-60 days 61-90 days >90 days Total
Expected credit loss rate 2.32% 0.22% 0.17% 6.37% 60.43%
Estimated total gross carrying amount at default 6,755 5,663 1,067 474 2,086 16,045
Lifetime ECL 157 13 2 30 1,260 1,462
Estimated total gross carrying amount at default 6,204 6,304 263 1,624 14,395
Lifetime ECL 130 14 - 238 1,303 1,685
Company

Estimated total gross carrying amount at default - 5,239 1,016 285 2,050 8,590
Lifetime ECL - 1 - 25 1,225 1,251
66
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

21. Trade and other receivables continued

Estimated total gross carrying amount at default 3,682 451 - 255 1,431 5,819
Lifetime ECL - 1 - 237 1,246 1,484
22 Lease receivables
Leasing arrangements
Amounts receivable under finance leases:
Group & Company
Present value of minimum
Minimum lease payments
Lease payment
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Year 1 8,139 4,692 5,981 3,751
Year 2 6,456 3,857 4,881 3,404
Year 3 4,716 2,174 3,530 2,041
Year 4 4,424 435 3,588 400
Year 5 3,791 142 3,315 136
Year 6 1,874 - 1,771 -
29,400 11,300 23,066 9,732
Less: unearned finance income (6,334) (1,568) - -
Present value of minimum lease payments receivable 23,066 9,732 23,066 9,732
Allowance for uncollectible lease payments - - - -
Net investment in the lease 23,066 9,732 23,066 9,732
Analysed as follows:
Recoverable within 12 months 8,139 4,691 5,981 3,752
Recoverable after 12 months 21,261 6,609 17,085 5,980
29,400 11,300 23,066 9,732
The Company entered into finance lease arrangements for some of its trucks. All leases are denominated in Naira. The average term
of finance leases entered into is 5.42 years (2021: 4.17 years).
During the year, the Group recognised interest income on lease receivables of ₦2.6 billion (2021: ₦1.66 billion).
Unguaranteed residual values of assets leased under finance leases at the end of the reporting year are estimated at nil.
The average effective interest rate implicit in the contracts is 9.5% (2021: 9.06%) per annum.
The Directors of the Company estimate the loss allowance on finance lease receivables at the end of the reporting year at an amount
equal to lifetime ECL. Taking into account the historical default experience and the future prospects of the industries in which the
leasees operate, together with the value of collateral held over these finance lease receivables, the directors consider that no finance
lease receivables is impaired as at year end (2021: Nil).
The table below shows the aged analysis of the finance lease receivables.
Group & Company
Estimated total gross carrying amount at default 22,905 38 19 24 80 23,066
Estimated total gross carrying amount at default 9,693 5 19 13 2 9,732
67
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

23. Share capital

Group/Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Issued and fully paid
23.1 Share capital 17,040,507,404 (2021: 17,040,507,404) ordinary shares of ₦0.5 each 8,520 8,520
23.2 Share premium 42,430 42,430
23.3 Authorised share capital as at reporting dates represents 20,000,000,000 units of ordinary shares of ₦0.5 each. Out of the
total units of issued and fully paid share capital, 166,948,153 units are held by the Company.
Fully paid ordinary shares carry one vote per fully paid up share and a right to dividends when declared and approved.
23.4 Securities trading policy
The Board of Directors have established an Insider Trading Policy designed to prohibit dealing in Dangote Cement Plc.
shares or securities on the basis of potentially price sensitive information that is not yet in the public domain. This is in line
with the Rules of the NSE, the Investment and Securities Act (ISA) 2007 and the SEC Rules and Regulations. All Directors
complied with the Insider Trading Policy during the year under review, and the free float of the Company is in compliance
with the NSE’s free float requirements, as its value is above the threshold of forty billion Naira as mandated by the NSE.
23.5 Treasury shares

On the 31 December 2020, the Company embarked on a share buy-back programme, buying back 40,200,000 units of its
shares at a total cost of ₦9.8 billion which included the par value of the shares and additional premium paid on it. In
January 2022, the Company executed tranche II of its Share Buy-Back Programme, buying back 126,748,153 units of its
shares representing 0.74% of the Company’s issued and fully paid ordinary shares at a total of ₦35.3 billion. As at 31
December 2022, the Company held 166,948,153 units (2021: 40,200,000) of its own shares amounting to ₦45.2 billion (2021:
₦9.8 billion).
23.6 Capital contribution
A subordinated loan was obtained by the Company from the immediate parent, Dangote Industries Limited in 2010. The
interest on the long term portion was waived for 2011. Given the favourable terms at which the Company secured the loan,
an amount of ₦2.8 billion which is the difference between the fair value of the loan on initial recognition and the amount
received, has been recognised as a capital contribution.
23.7 Currency translation reserve

Exchange difference relating to the translation of the results and net investments of the Group's foreign operations from
their functional currencies to the Group's presentation currency (i.e. Currency Units) are recognised directly in other
comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve. Exchange differences previously
accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve are reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal of foreign
operations.
24 Dividend
On 14 June 2022, a dividend of ₦20.00 per share was approved by shareholders to be paid to holders of fully paid ordinary
shares in relation to 2021 financial year.
In respect of the current year, the Directors proposed a dividend of ₦20.00 per share (2021: ₦20.00). This dividend is
subject to approval by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting and has not been included as a liability in these
consolidated and separate financial statements.
68
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

25 Trade and other payables

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Trade payables 68,236 105,518 26,306 71,979
Payable to contractors 37,744 44,227 7,368 14,665
Value added tax payable 9,032 11,494 5,813 6,583
Withholding tax payable 29,598 25,123 2,873 1,654
Staff pension (Note 29.1) 311 470 16 15
Contract liabilities - Advances from customers 110,251 94,847 83,896 79,779
Dividend payables 4,357 4,550 4,357 4,550
Suppliers' credit - 12,773 - 12,773
Accruals 75,370 72,222 23,834 22,413
Total trade and other payables 334,899 371,224 154,463 214,411
The average credit period on purchases of goods is 38 days and 21 days (2021: 70 days and 76 days) for Group and
Company respectively. Normally, no interest is charged on trade payables. The Group has financial risk management
policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid in line with the pre-agreed credit terms.
*Contract liabilities are made up of advances from customers for cement and clinker yet to be delivered out of which
₦92.2 billion (2021: ₦66.6 billion) and ₦77.1 billion (2021: ₦47.1 billion) for Group and Company respectively relating to
brought forward balances was recognised in revenue.
26 Financial liabilities
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Unsecured borrowings at amortised cost
Bulk Commodities loans (Note 26.1) 23,703 21,801 1,522 1,400
Bond (Note 26.2) 263,171 147,789 263,171 147,789
Commercial papers (Note 26.3) - 38,974 - 38,974
Bank loans (Note 26.4) 261,431 134,533 243,218 117,837
548,305 343,097 507,911 306,000
Secured borrowings at amortised cost
Power intervention loan - 250 - 250
Bank loans (Note 26.4) 158,429 221,593 73,552 151,270
158,429 221,843 73,552 151,520
Total loans and borrowings 706,734 564,940 581,463 457,520
Financial liabilities (Non-current) 333,498 176,562 263,171 147,789

Current portion repayable in one year and shown as current
liabilities 240,247 311,903 191,083 240,977
Overdraft balances (Note 32.1) 132,989 76,475 127,209 68,754
Current portion of loans and borrowings 373,236 388,378 318,292 309,731
Interest payable 19,142 13,015 9,039 5,359
Financial liabilities (Current) 392,378 401,393 327,331 315,090
69
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

26 Financial liabilities continued
26.1 The loans from Bulk Commodities International, a related party, are denominated in USD with interest rate ranging from 6%
to 8.5% per annum.
26.2 During the year, the Company issued additional bonds with face value of ₦116 billion bringing the total publicly issued bonds
to ₦266 billion as of 31 Deceember 2022 (December 2021: ₦150 billion) with the coupon rate of 11.25% to 13.5%. The tenure
is between 3 to 10 years.
26.3 Commercial papers issued under a programme had a face value of ₦41 billion as of December 2021. The tenure was between
90 days and 270 days with discount ranging from 8.5% to 10.0%.
26.4 Bank loans include Letters of credit (LCs) obtained to finance inventories, property, plant and equipment, etc. The average
interest rate is Libor plus 8.5% (2021: 7.4%)
Group
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Nominal
Loans Currency interest rate Maturity ₦'million ₦'million
Bank overdrafts On demand 132,989 76,475
Other borrowings:
Loan from Bulk Commodities Inc. USD 6.0% - 8.5% On demand 23,703 21,801
Power intervention loan Naira 5.0% 01/2022 - 250
Commercial paper Naira 8.5.0% - 10.0% 2022 - 38,974
Bond Naira 11.25 -13.5% 2025 - 2032 263,171 147,789
Short term loans from banks USD Libor + 8.5% 2023 216,240 230,816
Loans from Standard Chartered USD Libor + 6% 04/2022 - 9,757
Long term loans from banks USD Libor + 4% 2027 17,100 14,210
Long term loans from banks CFA 7.25% 2025 42,623 7,390
Loans from Nedbank/Standard Bank Rands JIBAR + 3.25% 10/2025 10,908 17,478
573,745 488,465
Total borrowings 706,734 564,940
Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Nominal
Loans Currency Maturity ₦'million ₦'million
interest rate
Bank overdrafts On demand 127,209 68,754
Loan from Bulk Commodities Inc. USD 6.0% On demand 1,522 1,400
Power intervention loan Naira 5.0% 01/2022 - 250
Commercial paper Naira 8.5.0% - 10.0% 2022 - 38,974
Bond Naira 11.25 -13.5% 2025 - 2032 263,171 147,789
Short term loans from Banks USD Libor + 8.5% 2023 189,561 200,353
454,254 388,766
Total borrowings 581,463 457,520
70
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


26.5 The maturity profiles of borrowings are as follows:
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Due within one month 138,789 85,561 128,732 69,004

Due from one to three months 182,141 25,244 167,060 15,200
Due from three to twelve months 52,306 277,573 22,500 225,527
Total current portion repayable in one year 373,236 388,378 318,292 309,731
Due in the second year 21,507 5,536 3,621 -
Due in the third year 118,226 23,389 98,958 3,643
Due in the fourth year 24,536 101,904 10,338 98,423
Due in the fifth year and further 169,229 45,733 150,254 45,723
Total long-term portion of borrowings 333,498 176,562 263,171 147,789
Total 706,734 564,940 581,463 457,520
The table below details changes in the liabilities arising from financing activities, including both cash and non–cash changes.
Liabilities arising from financing activities are those for which cash flows were, or future cash flows will be, classified in the
Group and Company’s consolidated and separate statements of cash flows as cash flows from financing activities.
Group
Financing Exchange
31/12/2021 Cashflows losses Others 31/12/2022
Bulk Commodities loans 21,801 - 1,902 - 23,703

Power intervention loan 250 (250) - - -
Commercial papers 38,974 (38,974) - - -
Bond 147,789 114,591 - 791 263,171
Bank loans 279,651 (4,091) 11,311 - 286,871
488,465 71,276 13,213 791 573,745
Company
Financing Exchange
31/12/2021 Cashflows losses Others 31/12/2022
Bulk Commodities loans 1,400 - 122 - 1,522

Power intervention loan 250 (250) - - -
Commercial papers 38,974 (38,974) - - -
Bond 147,789 114,591 - 791 263,171
Bank loans 200,353 (24,422) 13,630 - 189,561
388,766 50,945 13,752 791 454,254
Group
Financing Exchange
01/01/2021 Cashflows (gains)/losses Others 31/12/2021
Bulk Commodities loans 23,515 - (1,714) - 21,801

Loans from Dangote Oil & Gas 32,905 (32,873) (32) - -
Power intervention loan 2,238 (2,376) - 388 250
Commercial papers 110,970 (71,996) - - 38,974
Bond 98,423 49,256 - 110 147,789
Bank loans 210,263 62,273 6,472 643 279,651
478,314 4,284 4,726 1,141 488,465
71
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

Company
Financing Exchange
01/01/2021 Cashflows (gains)/losses Others 31/12/2021
Bulk Commodities loans 1,322 - 78 - 1,400
Loans from Dangote Oil & Gas 32,905 (32,873) (32) - -
Power intervention loan 2,238 (2,376) - 388 250
Commercial papers 110,970 (71,996) - - 38,974
Bond 98,423 49,256 - 110 147,789
Bank loans 103,771 92,385 3,554 643 200,353
349,629 34,396 3,600 1,141 388,766
Financing cashflows represent loan obtained and loan repaid during the year. Loan obtained amounts to ₦338.45 billion (2021:
₦329.12 billion) and ₦290.11 billion (2021: ₦312.44 billion) for Group and Company. Loan repaid amounts to ₦267.18 billion
(2021: ₦324.83 billion) and ₦239.16 billion (2021: ₦278.04 billion) for Group and Company.
27 Deferred Revenue and other current liabilities

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
27.1 Deferred Revenue ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Deferred revenue arising from government grant
(refer to (a) below 354 670 - 299
354 670 - 299
Current (Note 27.2) 34 34 - 1
Non-current 320 636 - 298
354 670 - 299
a) The deferred revenue mainly arises as a result of the benefits received from government. The income recognised in current
year was recorded in other income line.
Movement in Deferred revenue
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
At 1 January 670 444 299 37
Additions during the year - 298 - 298
670 742 299 335
Released to profit and loss account (Other
income) (332) (71) (299) (36)
Effect of foreign exchange differences 16 (1) - -
Closing balance 354 670 - 299
27.2 Other current liabilities

Current portion of deferred revenue (Note 27.1) 34 34 - 1
Due to related parties - current (Note 31)
Parent company 100 - - -
Affiliates and associates of parent company 45,745 46,454 24,818 26,080
Subsidiaries - - 42,496 40,091
Total current payables to related parties 124,690 148,260 137,106 161,578
Other current liabilities 124,724 148,294 137,106 161,579
72
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

28 Provisions
Group
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Site Site
Restoration Others* Total Restoration Others Total
Balance at beginning of the year 6,605 1,823 8,428 6,913 1,136 8,049
Effect of foreign exchange differences 124 (624) (500) (914) 412 (502)
Provisions made during the year 700 1,164 1,864 (9) 275 266
Unwinding of discount 783 - 783 615 - 615
Balance at the end of the year 8,212 2,363 10,575 6,605 1,823 8,428
Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Site Site
Restoration Others Total Restoration Others Total
Balance at beginning of the year 5,573 - 5,573 5,049 - 5,049

Provisions made during the year 509 - 509 (52) - (52)
Unwinding of discount 752 - 752 576 - 576
Balance at the end of the year 6,834 - 6,834 5,573 - 5,573
The Group and Company’s obligations are to settle environmental restoration and dismantling/decommissioning cost of
property, plant and equipment when the Group and Company have a legal or constructive obligation to do so. The
expenditure is expected to be utilised at the end of the useful lives of the mines.
The provision for site restoration represents an estimate of the costs involved in restoring production sites at the end of the
expected life of the quarries. The provision is an estimate based on management's re-assessment. It is expected that the
restoration cost will happen over a period of time for the Group and Company. The long term inflation and discount rates
used in the estimate for Nigerian entities were 13.9% and 14% (2021: 12.0% and 13.5%).
* Others include non-current witholding tax payable on interest.
29 Employee benefits
Employee benefits include defined contribution plans and long servive awards. These are analysed as follows:
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
29.1 Defined contribution plans (Note 25)
Balance at beginning of the year 470 722 15 15
Provision for the year 2,444 3,546 1,363 1,372
Payments during the year (2,594) (3,821) (1,362) (1,372)
Effect of foreign exchange differences (9) 23 - -
Balance at the end of the year 311 470 16 15
The Group operates a group life policy and a contributory pension scheme for its employees in Nigeria in line with the
provisions of the Pension Reform Act 2014 in Nigeria and in other locations, and in line with the constitutions there. The
scheme is funded through employees’ and employers’ contributions as prescribed by the Act. The contribution from the
employer is 10% while that of the employee is 8% of the basic, housing and transport allowances in Nigeria.
73
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

29 Employee benefits continued
29.2 Employee benefit obligations
The Group operates an unfunded long service award for qualifying employees of the Group. Under the plan, the employees
are entitled to benefits such as gift items, Ex-Gratia (expressed as a multiple of Monthly Basic Salary), a plaque and certificate
on attainment of a specific number of years in service. The most recent actuarial valuations of the present value of the long
service award were carried out as at 31 December 2022 by Ernst & Young Nigeria and signed on its behalf by Wise Chigudu
(FRC registration number: FRC/2022/PRO/NAS/00000024119). The present value of the long service award, and the
related current service cost and past service cost, were measured using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
The plan typically exposes the Group to actuarial risks such as; investment risk, interest rate risk, longevity risk and salary
risk.
Interest rate risk A decrease in the bond interest rate will increase the plan liability;
Longevity risk The present value of the long service award liability is calculated by reference
to the best estimate of the mortality of plan participants during their
employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan participants will
increase the plan’s liability.
Salary risk The present value of the long service award liability is calculated by reference
to the future salaries of plan participants. As such, an increase in the salary of
the plan participants will increase the plan’s liability.
The principal assumptions used for the purposes of the actuarial valuations were as follows:.
Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021
% %
Discount rate(s) 14.00 13.50

Expected rate(s) of salary increase 13.00 12.00
Inflation rate 13.00 12.00
Movements in the present value of the long service awards are as follows:
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
At 1 January 3,219 3,581 2,972 3,552
Current service cost 1,551 877 1,508 614
Interest cost 416 301 401 277
Remeasurement loss/gain
Actuarial loss/(gain) 3,680 (1,458) 3,692 (1,378)
Benefits paid (335) (100) (329) (93)
Effect of foreign exchange differences 16 18 - -
At 31 December 8,547 3,219 8,244 2,972
The actual return on plan assets in 2022 was nil (2021: nil)
Amounts recognised in profit or loss in respect of these long service awards are as follows.
Group Company
12/31/2022 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2021
Current service cost 1,551 877 1,508 614
Net Interest expense 416 301 401 277
Actuarial loss/(gain) 3,680 (1,458) 3,692 (1,378)
5,647 (280) 5,601 (487)
74
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

29 Employee benefits continued

The amount included in the consolidated and separate statements of financial position arising from the entity’s obligation in
respect of its long service awards is as follows.
Group Company
12/31/2022 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2021
Present value of long service awards 8,547 3,219 8,244 2,972
Net liability arising from long service award 8,547 3,219 8,244 2,972
• If the discount rate is 100 basis points higher (lower), the long service award at 31 December 2022 would decrease by ₦627.72
million (increase by ₦715.98 million) (2021: decrease by ₦258.79 million (increase by ₦299.36 million)).
• If the expected salary growth increases (decreases) by 1%, the long service award as at 31 December 2022 would increase by
₦189.70 million (decrease by ₦169.57 million) (2021: increase by ₦194.90million (decrease by ₦171.01 million)).
• If the assumed mortality age is rated up (down) by one year, the long service award as at 31 December 2022 would decrease by
₦ 42.11 million (increase by ₦38.17 million) (2021: decrease by ₦17.67 million (increase by ₦16.07 million)).
The sensitivity analysis presented above may not be representative of the actual change in the long service award as it is unlikely
that the change in assumptions would occur in isolation of one another as some of the assumptions may be correlated.
In presenting the above sensitivity analysis, the present value of the long service award has been calculated using the projected
unit credit method at the end of the reporting period, which is the same as that applied in calculating the long service awards
liability recognised in the statement of financial position.
30. Financial Instruments

30.1 Capital Management
The Group manages its capital to ensure that the Group will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to
stakeholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance.
The capital structure of the Group consists of net debt (borrowings as detailed in note 26 offset by cash and cash equivalents) and
equity of the Group (comprising issued capital, reserves, retained earnings and non-controlling interests as detailed below.
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Net debt 422,891 225,097 385,326 184,957
Equity 1,078,947 983,669 1,491,535 1,461,472
The Finance and Investment Committee reviews the capital structure of the Group on a quarterly basis. As part of this review, the
committee considers the cost of capital and the risks associated with each class of capital. The Group endeavours to maintain an
optimum mix of net debt to equity ratio which provides benefits of trading on equity without exposing the Group to any undue
long term liquidity risk. The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic
conditions. To maintain the capital or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders,
issue new and/or bonus shares, or raise debts in favourable market conditions.
The net debt to equity ratio as on 31 December 2022 is 39% (2021: 23%).
30.1.1 Debt to equity ratio
The debt to equity ratio at end of the reporting year was as follows.
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Financial liabilities (Note 26) 706,734 564,940 581,463 457,520
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 32.1) 283,843 339,843 196,137 272,563
Net debt 422,891 225,097 385,326 184,957
Equity 1,078,947 983,669 1,491,535 1,461,472
Net debt/ Equity ratio 0.39 0.23 0.26 0.13
75
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

30. Financial Instruments continued

30.2 Categories of financial instruments
Group
Amortised Total Non
31/12/2022 Cost FVTPL FVTOCI Financial Financial Total
Assets
Property, plant and equipment - - - - 1,527,293 1,527,293
Intangible assets - - - - 6,225 6,225
Right-of-use assets - - - - 23,551 23,551
Investment in associate - - - - 2,580 2,580
Lease receivables 23,066 - - 23,066 - 23,066
Deferred tax asset - - - - 14,193 14,193
Prepayments for property, plant & equipment - - - - 1,267 1,267
Inventories - - - - 239,563 239,563
Trade and other receivables 41,403 - - 41,403 4,087 45,490
Prepayments and other current assets 308,862 - - 308,862 138,287 447,149
Current tax assets - - - - 1,435 1,435
Cash and cash equivalents 283,843 - - 283,843 - 283,843
Total assets 657,174 - - 657,174 1,958,481 2,615,655
Liabilities
Trade and other payables 186,018 - - 186,018 148,881 334,899
Current tax liabilities - - - - 167,971 167,971
Financial liabilities 725,876 - - 725,876 - 725,876
Other current liabilities 124,690 - - 124,690 34 124,724
Lease liabilities 9,770 - - 9,770 - 9,770
Deferred tax liabilities - - - - 154,026 154,026
Provisions - - - - 10,575 10,575
Employees benefits obligations - - - - 8,547 8,547
Deferred revenue - - - - 320 320
Total liabilities 1,046,354 - - 1,046,354 490,354 1,536,708
Group
Amortised Total Non
31/12/2021
Cost FVTPL FVTOCI Financial Financial Total
Assets
Property, plant and equipment - - - - 1,472,859 1,472,859
Intangible assets - - - - 5,122 5,122
Deferred tax asset - - - - 5,163 5,163
Prepayments for property, plant & equipment - - - - 4,759 4,759
Inventories - - - - 167,205 167,205
Trade and other receivables 40,749 - - 40,749 6,720 47,469
Total assets 580,037 - - 580,037 1,811,982 2,392,019
Liabilities
Lease liabilities 10,206 - - 10,206 - 10,206
Provisions - - - - 8,428 8,428
Employee benefit obligations - - - - 3,219 3,219
Total liabilities 976,181 - - 976,181 432,169 1,408,350
76
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


Company
Amortised Total Non
31/12/2022
Cost FVTPL FVTOCI Financial Financial Total
Assets
Property, plant and equipment - - - - 498,893 498,893
Intangible assets - - - - 114 114
Investments in subsidiaries - - - - 249,262 249,262
Prepayments for property, plant & equipment - - - - 211 211
Receivables from subsidiaries 959,639 - - 959,639 - 959,639
Inventories - - - - 132,704 132,704
Trade and other receivables 16,842 - - 16,842 - 16,842
Current tax assets - - - - 911 911
Total assets 1,668,687 - - 1,668,687 989,776 2,658,463
Liabilities
Other current liabilities 137,106 - - 137,106 - 137,106
Lease liabilities 148 - - 148 - 148
Provisions - - - - 6,834 6,834
Employees benefits obligations - - - - 8,244 8,244
Company
Amortised Total Non
31/12/2021 Cost FVTPL FVTOCI Financial Financial Total
Assets
Property, plant and equipment - - - - 554,883 554,883
Intangible assets - - - - 147 147
Investments in subsidiaries - - - - 162,268 162,268
Prepayments for property, plant & equipment - - - - 211 211
Receivables from subsidiaries 968,000 - - 968,000 - 968,000
Inventories - - - - 88,421 88,421
Trade and other receivables 15,798 - - 15,798 - 15,798
Total assets 1,670,134 - - 1,670,134 912,164 2,582,298
Liabilities
Lease liabilities 371 - - 371 - 371
Provisions - - - - 5,573 5,573
Employee benefit obligations - - - - 2,972 2,972
77
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


30.3 Financial risk management objectives
The Group's Corporate Treasury function provides services to the business, co-ordinates access to domestic and international
financial markets, monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Group and analyses exposures by
degree and magnitude of risks. These risks include market risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk.
30.4 Market risk
The Group's activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates (Note 30.5.1) and
interest rates (Note 30.7.2).
30.5 Foreign currency risk management
The Group undertakes transactions denominated in foreign currencies; consequently, exposures to exchange rate fluctuations
arise. Income is primarily earned in local currency for most of the locations with a significant portion of capital expenditure
being in foreign currency. The Group manages foreign currency by monitoring our financial position in each country we
operate with the aim of having assets and liabilities denominated in the functional currency as much as possible. The effective
closing rate as at 31 December 2022 are ₦461.1/US Dollar, ₦553.84/GB Pounds & ₦491.4/Euro (2021: ₦424.11/US Dollar,
₦470.19/GB Pounds & ₦559.96/Euro). The carrying amounts of the Group and Company’s foreign currency denominated
monetary assets and monetary liabilities at the end of the reporting year are as follows.
Group
Liabilities Assets
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
US Dollars 434,877 473,843 16,269 2,759
GB Pounds 5,201 5,382 - 9
Euro 21,667 24,235 1,446 6,815
Total 461,745 503,460 17,715 9,583
Company
Liabilities Assets
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
US Dollars 283,341 385,286 947,546 922,731
GB Pounds 5,110 5,366 - 9
Euro 16,604 19,800 1,207 8,647
Total 305,055 410,452 948,753 931,387
30.5.1 Foreign currency sensitivity analysis
The Group is mainly exposed to US Dollars.
The following table details the Group and Company’s sensitivity to a 15% (2021:15%) increase and decrease in the Naira
against the US Dollar, GB Pounds & Euro. The sensitivity analysis includes only outstanding foreign currency denominated
monetary items and adjusts their translation at the period end for a 15% change in foreign currency rates. The sensitivity
analysis includes external loans as well as loans to foreign operations within the Group where the denomination of the loan is
in a currency other than the functional currency of the lender or the borrower. A positive number below indicates an increase
in profit or equity for a 15% change in the exchange rates. A negative number below indicates a decrease in profit or equity for
a 15% change in the exchange rates.
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Effect on Profit or loss/Equity for a 15% (2021:15%) appreciation in Naira:
US Dollar 43,954 49,464 (69,742) (56,432)
GB Pounds 546 564 537 562
Euro 2,123 1,829 1,617 1,171
Total 46,623 51,857 (67,588) (54,699)
Effect on Profit or loss/Equity for a 15% (2021:15%) depreciation in Naira:
US Dollar (43,954) (49,464) 69,742 56,432
GB Pounds (546) (564) (537) (562)
Euro (2,123) (1,829) (1,617) (1,171)
Total (46,623) (51,857) 67,588 54,699
78
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


30.6 Credit risk management
Credit risk refers to the risk that counterparties will default on their contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the
Group. The Group has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties.
The Group's and Company’s business is predominantly on a cash basis. Revolving credits granted to major distributors and very
large corporate customers approximate about ₦37.69 billion (2021: ₦37.07 billion) and these are payable within 30 days.
Stringent credit control is exercised over the granting of credit, this is done through the review and approval by executive
management based on the recommendation of the credit control group.
Credits to major distributors are covered by bank guarantee with an average credit period of no more than 15 days.
For very large corporate customers, clean credits are granted based on previous business relationships and positive credit
worthiness which is performed on an on-going basis. These credits are usually payable at no more than 30 days.
The Group and the Company do not have significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty or any group of
counterparties having similar characteristics. The Group defines counterparties as related entities with similar characteristics.
Trade receivables consist of a large number of customers, spread across diverse geographical areas. On-going credit evaluation
is performed on the financial condition of accounts receivable.
The credit risk on liquid funds financial instruments is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit-ratings
assigned by credit-rating agencies.
30.6.1 Exposure to Credit risk

The tables below detail the credit quality of the Group’s financial assets as well as the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk
by credit risk rating grades
Group
External Gross Net
31/12/2022 credit Internal 12 months or carrying carrying
Note rating rating lifetime ECL amount Allowance amount
Lease receivables 22 N/A ii Lifetime ECL 23,066 - 23,066
Trade and other receivables 21 N/A ii Lifetime ECL 42,865 (1,462) 41,403
Prepayments and other current assets 19.2 N/A Performing Lifetime ECL 308,862 - 308,862
Cash and cash equivalents 32.1 i i i 283,843 - 283,843
Total 658,636 (1,462) 657,174
External Gross Net

credit Internal 12 months or carrying carrying
31/12/2021 Note rating rating lifetime ECL amount Allowance amount
Total 581,722 (1,685) 580,037
79
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


Company
External Gross Net
Receivables from subsidiaries 31 N/A ii Lifetime ECL 959,639 - 959,639
Total 1,669,938 (1,251) 1,668,687
External Gross Net

Receivables from subsidiaries 31 N/A ii Lifetime ECL 968,000 - 968,000
Total 1,602,864 (1,484) 1,601,380
i. All bank balances are assessed to have low credit risk at each reporting date as they are held with reputable banking
institutions with good credit rating by rating agencies. Therefore no amount of impairment loss is recognised as at year end
(2021: Nil).
ii. For finance leases and trade receivables, the simplified approach to measure the loss allowance at lifetime ECL has been
applied.
30.7 Liquidity risk management

The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, by
continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities.
The Group’s objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of bank overdrafts,
bank loans, debentures and preference shares. The Group has access to sufficient sources of funds directly from external sources
as well as from the Group's parent.
30.7.1 Liquidity maturity table
The following tables detail the Group and Company’s remaining contractual maturity for its financial liabilities with agreed
repayment periods. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on the
earliest date on which the Group and the Company can be required to pay. The tables below include both interest and principal
Group
Gross Contractual cash flows
carrying 1– 3 3 months
amount <1 month months – 1yr >1 year
As at 31 December 2022 ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Trade and other payables 186,018 186,018 - - -
Financial liabilities 725,876 161,066 188,378 78,745 550,108
Lease liabilities 9,770 141 281 1,638 55,186
Other current liabilities 124,690 124,690 - - -
Total 1,046,354 471,915 188,659 80,383 605,294
80
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


Group
carrying 3 months –
amount <1 month 1– 3 months >1 year
1yr
Trade and other payables 239,760 226,987 - 12,773 -
Lease liabilities 10,206 182 364 1,638 52,383
Total 976,181 474,440 26,439 313,588 296,564
Company
<1 month 1– 3 months >1 year
amount 1yr
Trade and other payables 61,881 61,881 - - -
Lease liabilities 148 - - - 148
Total 789,637 339,622 172,787 47,042 479,929
<1 month 1– 3 months >1 year
amount 1yr
Trade and other payables 126,395 113,622 - 12,773 -
Lease liabilities 371 - - 261 110
Total 751,223 349,563 15,200 258,055 212,666
The Company guaranteed the loans in the subsidiaries amounting to ₦125.27 billion (2021: ₦87.0 billion)
30.7.2 Interest Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to the changes in
market interest rates. The Group maintains a centralised treasury department and Group borrowing is done in order to obtain
lower interest rates. The Group negotiates long term credit facilities to reduce the risk associated with high cost of borrowing.
The Group is exposed to interest rate risk because it borrows funds at both fixed and floating interest rates. The sensitivity
analysis below have been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for borrowings at the end of the reporting period.
For floating rate liabilities, the analysis is prepared assuming the amount of the liability outstanding at the end of the reporting
period was outstanding for the whole year. 100 basis points (BP) increase or decrease are used when reporting LIBOR risk
internally to key management personnel and these represent management's assessment of the reasonably possible change in
interest rates. Please refer to note 26 for interest rates of financial instruments.
The following sensitivity analysis has been prepared using a sensitivity rate which is used when reporting interest rate risk
internally to key management personnel and represents management's assessment of the reasonably possible change in
interest rates. All other variables remain constant. The sensitivity analysis includes only financial instruments exposed to
interest rate risk which were recognised at the reporting date. No changes were made to the methods and assumptions used in
the preparation of the sensitivity analysis compared to the previous reporting period. The following table details the sensitivity
to a 1% (2021: 1%) increase or decrease in interest rates.
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Effect on Profit or loss/Equity for a 1% (2021:1%) increase in rate (1,365) (1,693) 1,645 1,758
Effect on Profit or loss/Equity for a 1% (2021:1%) decrease in rate 1,365 1,693 (1,645) (1,758)
81
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC


30.7.3 Fair valuation of financial assets and liabilities
Except for bond as shown in table below, the carrying amount of trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, lease
receivables, lease liabilities and amounts due from and to related parties as well as trade payables, other payables approximate
their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments and, for trade and other receivables, because of the fact
that any loss from recoverability is reflected in an impairment loss. The fair values of financial debt approximate the carrying
amount as the loans are pegged to market rates and reset when rates change.
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2021
Carrying Carrying Carrying Carrying
Fair value amount Fair value amount Fair value amount Fair value amount
₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Bond 248,689 263,171 147,590 147,789 248,689 263,171 147,590 147,789
Fair value hierarchy

Financial instruments in Level 1
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (quoted equity) is based on quoted market prices at the reporting
date. A market is regarded as active if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry
group, pricing service, or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an
arm’s length basis.
The quoted market price used for quoted equity investment held by the Company is the bid price at the reporting date. These
instruments are included in level 1. There were no transfers between levels during the year.

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (loans and borrowings) is determined by using
discounted cash flow valuation techniques. This valuation technique maximise the use of observable market data by using the
market related interest rate for discounting the contractual cash flows. There are no significant unobservable inputs. There were
no transfers between levels during the year. The basis of measurement has remained the same between current and prior years.
The fair value of future and forward exchange contracts is determined using quoted forward exchange rates at the reporting date
and present value calculations based on high credit quality yield curves in the respective currencies.

The valuation model is based on market multiples derived from quoted prices of companies comparable to the investee and the
expected revenue and EBITDA of the investee. The estimate is adjusted for the effect of non-marketability of the equity securities.
The valuation model considers the present value of expected payment, discounted using a risk-adjusted discount rate.
82
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

31 Related party disclosures

Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties of the Company, have been
eliminated on consolidation. Details of transactions between the Group and Company, and other related parties are disclosed
below.
The Group and the Company, in the normal course of business, sells to and buys from other business enterprises that fall within
the definition of a ‘related party’ contained in International Accounting Standard 24. These transactions mainly comprise
purchases, sales, finance costs, finance income and management fees paid to shareholders. The companies in the Group also
provide funds to and receive funds from each other as and when required for working capital financing and capital projects.
31.1 Trading transactions

During the year, Group entities entered into the following trading transactions with related parties that are not members of the
Group:
Sale of goods Purchases of goods and
services
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Parent company 196 22 - -

Affiliates and associates of the parent company - - 90,465 77,890
During the year, the Company entered into the following trading transactions with related parties:
Sale of goods Purchases of goods and
services
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Parent company 196 22 - -

Subsidiaries 1,908 7,091 147,521 74,714
In addition to sales and purchases of goods, the Company charged interest amounting to ₦38.6 billion (2021: ₦30.2 billion) on
loans granted to subsidiaries. This interest is eliminated on consolidation.
Also during the year, the Group charged the Parent company a total interest of ₦28.14 billion (2021: ₦14.59 billion). In the same
vein, the Parent company charged the Group a total interest of Nil (2021: Nil).
In addition to the above, Dangote Industries Limited performed certain administrative services for the Company, for which a
management fee of ₦5.24 billion (2021: ₦5.41 billion) was charged, being an allocation of costs incurred by relevant
administrative departments. Also, the Parent company (DIL) provided a guarantee for related parties receivables.
During the year, the Company provided materials and services of ₦37.18 billion (2021: ₦₦16.80 billion), used in the
manufacturing process of subsidiaries.
31.2 Related party balances

The following balances were outstanding at the end of the reporting year:
Company
Amounts owed by related Amounts owed to related
parties parties
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Non Current
Subsidiaries 959,639 968,000 - -
The above balances represents expenditures on projects in African countries. These are not likely to be repaid within the next
twelve months and have been classified under non-current assets.
83
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

31 Related party continued
In 2022, amount totalling ₦938.8 million (2021: Nil) has been recognised as impairment loss in respect of receivables from
nonoperational subsidiaries by the Company.
The Group management has continued to show its intention to provide financial support to its subsidiaries and to assist, when
necessary, any subsidiary to obtain financial support in the future and does not envisage any material risk as a result of this.
Interest charged to the subsidiaries on the advances extended to them during the year was between 5% to 11%.
During the year, the Company provided financial support to its subsidiaries of ₦53.8 billion (2021: ₦164.4 billion) for capital
development and/or for operational purposes. Assistance rendered was always in the form of funds transferred to them for the
normal running of their operations or on their behalf to vendors/contractors for settlement of commitments.
Other balances outstanding at the end of the reporting year were:

Group
parties parties
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Current
Parent company 29,522 27,929 100 -
Loans to parent company 143,812 50,000 - -
Affiliates and associates of parent company 916 60 45,745 46,454
308,862 189,713 124,690 148,260
Company
parties parties
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Current
Parent company 29,522 27,929 - -
Loans to parent company 143,812 50,000 - -
Subsidiaries 170,704 219,888 42,496 40,091
473,003 404,041 137,106 161,578
31.3 Loans from related parties Group Company

31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Affiliates and associates of the parent company 23,703 21,801 1,522 1,400
Entities controlled by the parent company - - - -
23,703 21,801 1,522 1,400
31.4 Compensation of key management personnel

The remuneration of directors who are the members of key management personnel during the year was as follows:
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Short-term benefits 1,843- 1,409- 1,813- 1,391-
1,843 1,409 1,813 1,391
84
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

32. Supplemental cash flow disclosures
32.1 Cash and cash equivalents

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Cash and bank balances 139,108 251,887 51,853 184,889
Short term deposits 144,735 87,956 144,284 87,674
Cash and cash equivalents per statement of financial
position 283,843 339,843 196,137 272,563
Bank overdrafts used for cash management purposes (Note 26) (132,989) (76,475) (127,209) (68,754)
Cash and cash equivalents per statement of cash flows 150,854 263,368 68,928 203,809
Cash and cash equivalents include restricted cash of ₦5.38 billion for Group and ₦4.93 billion for Company (2021: ₦8.34 billion
for Group and ₦4.17 billion for Company) on unclaimed dividend held in a separate bank account, letters of credit for the
acquisition of inventories, property, plant and equipment as well as debt service reserve account.
32.2 Additional information on the consolidated and separate statements of cash flows
The details below show the reconcilaition of the movement in the statement of financial position (SFP) balances and the cash
flows disclosd in the statements of cash flows (SCF).
Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
32.2.1 Reconciliation of inventories
Movement in balances per SFP (72,358) (58,935) (44,283) (33,876)
Transfers from property, plant and equipment 2013 (1,591) - 759
Cash flows as per SCF (70,345) (60,526) (44,283) (33,117)
32.2.2 Reconciliation of trade and other receivables

Movement in balances per SFP 1,979 (12,275) (1,044) (969)
Withholding tax utilised (1,522) (21) -
Transfers from property, plant and equipment - 1,123 - 1,122
Cash flows as per SCF 457 (11,173) (1,044) 153
32.2.3 Reconciliation of trade and other payables

Movement in balances per SFP (36,325) 21,836 (59,948) 74,166
Reclassification of suppliers' credit 12,773 (9,914) 12,773 (9,914)
Transfers from property, plant and equipment 1,123 5,091 976 5,097
Reclassification of share buy-back - 9,833 - 9,833
Cash flows as per SCF (22,429) 26,846 (46,199) 79,182
32.2.4 Reconciliation of prepayments and other current assets

Movement in balances per SFP (135,427) (63,161) (72,688) (99,720)
Reclassification of receivabless from subsidiaries - - (49,184) 33,041
Reclassification of loan to parent company 93,812 (20,000) 93,812 (20,000)
Reclassification of repayment of interest on loan to parent company (29,124) - (29,124) -
Reclassification of interest charge on loan to parent company 28,143 7,853 28,143 7,853
Reclassification of trading transactions with subsidiaries - - 110,734 -
Transfers from property, plant and equipment 463 3,595 463 3,595
Reclassification of road infrastructure tax credit (183) (7,691) (183) (7,691)
Cash flows as per SCF (42,316) (79,404) 81,973 (82,922)
32.2.5 Reconciliation of other current liabilities
Movement in balances per SFP (23,570) 64,834 (24,473) 79,870
Deferred revenue reclassification - 36 1 36
Reclassification of payables to subsidiaries - - (2,405) (24,204)
Reclassificaton of assets acquired through suppliers' credit - (1,466) - (1,465)
Reclassification of trading transactions with subsidiaries - - 57,911
Cash flows as per SCF (23,570) 63,404 (26,877) 112,148
85
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

33. Lease liabilities

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Maturity analysis ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million ₦'million
Year 1 1,687 2,184 - 261
Year 2 1,729 1,561 - -
Year 3 1,355 1,384 82 110
Year 4 1,258 1,147 117 -
Year 5 1,130 1,162 - -
Later than 5 years 49,714 47,129 - -
56,873 54,567 199 371
Less unearned interest (47,103) (44,361) (51) -
9,770 10,206 148 371
Analysed as
Current 1,713 2,187 - 261
Non- Current 8,057 8,019 148 110
9,770 10,206 148 371
33.1 Extension options
Some leases include extension options that are exercisable by the Group/Company up to one (1) year before the end of
the non-cancellable contract period. The extension options held are not exercisable by the lessor but only by the
Group/Company. The Group/Company assesses at the commencement date of lease whether or not it is reasonably
certain to exercise these options. If there is a significant event or changes in circumstances within its control, the
Group/Company reassesses whether it is reasonably certain to exercise the options.
34. Commitments for expenditure

Group Company
31/12/2022 31/12/2021 31/12/2022 31/12/2021
Commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and
equipment 19,330 206,980 2,676 2,111
35 Contingent liabilities
The Group and Company are engaged in law suits that have arisen in the normal course of business. The contingent
liabilities in respect of pending litigation and other claims amounted to ₦133.5 billion and ₦82.9 billion for the Group and
Company respectively (2021: ₦57.8 billion and ₦50.1 billion for Group and Company respectively). The Group and
Company have assessed these claims and believe that no material loss is expected to arise from them.
36 Subsequent Events
On 24 February 2023, a dividend of ₦20.00 (2021: ₦20.00) per share was proposed by the directors for approval at the
Annual General Meeting (AGM). There were no events after the reporting date that could have had a material effect on
the consolidated and separate financial statements that have not been provided for or disclosed in these financial
statements.
86
OTHER NATIONAL DISCLOSURES
87
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
FIVE -YEAR FINANCIAL SUMMARY
OTHER NATIONAL DISCLOSURE
GROUP 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018

BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS/LIABILITIES
Property, plant and equipment 1,527,293 1,472,859 1,390,687 1,206,749 1,171,864
Intangible assets 6,225 5,122 4,554 3,663 5,969
Right-of-use assets 23,551 18,566 12,594 11,956 -
Investments 2,580 6,528 5,711 4,961 4,312
Non current prepayments 1,267 4,759 37,213 51,233 36,383
Lease receivables 17,085 5,980 9,846 11,285 6,475
Net current liabilities 1,776 (203,441) (279,679) (224,058) (66,668)
Deferred taxation liabilities (139,833) (129,840) (111,272) (49,073) (42,728)
Long term debts (333,498) (176,562) (158,908) (107,279) (125,725)
Employee benefits obligations (8,547) (3,219) (3,581) - -
Other non-current liabilities (18,952) (17,083) (16,195) (11,500) (3,269)
NET ASSETS 1,078,947 983,669 890,970 897,937 986,613
CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Share capital 8,520 8,520 8,520 8,520 8,520
Share premium 42,430 42,430 42,430 42,430 42,430
Capital Contribution 2,877 2,877 2,877 2,877 2,877
Treasury shares (45,156) (9,833) (9,833) - -
Currency Translation Reserve 76,220 53,102 52,681 55,974 72,605
Revenue reserve 969,478 868,274 779,271 776,839 848,695
Non controlling interest 24,578 18,299 15,024 11,297 11,486
1,078,947 983,669 890,970 897,937 986,613
Turnover, Profit or Loss account
Turnover 1,618,323 1,383,637 1,034,196 891,671 901,213
Profit before taxation 524,002 538,366 373,310 250,479 300,806

Taxation (141,691) (173,927) (97,242) (49,958) 89,519
Profit after taxation 382,311 364,439 276,068 200,521 390,325
Per share data (Naira):

Earnings - (Basic & diluted) 22.27 21.24 16.14 11.79 22.83
Net assets 63.92 57.86 52.29 52.69 57.90
Earnings per share are based on profit after taxation and the weighted average number of issued and fully paid ordinary shares at the end
of each financial year.
Net assets per share are based on net assets and the weighted average number of issued and fully paid ordinary shares at the end of each
financial year.
88
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
FIVE -YEAR FINANCIAL SUMMARY

COMPANY 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018

BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS/( LIABILITIES)
Property, plant and equipment 498,893 554,883 551,926 545,834 535,934
Intangible assets 114 147 180 69 48
Right-of-use assets 1,628 1,365 1,164 994 -
Investments 250,844 163,850 163,828 163,653 163,653
Receivables from subsidiaries 1,087,847 1,147,797 986,423 817,906 715,561
Prepayments for property, plant & equipment 211 211 19,605 5,690 -
Lease receivables 17,085 5,980 9,846 11,285 6,475
Net current asset/(liabilities) 26,001 (129,793) (155,525) (146,378) 983
Deferred taxation liabilities (112,691) (126,226) (117,762) (75,117) (65,472)
Long term debts (263,171) (147,789) (98,577) (39,700) (62,168)
Employee benefits obligations (8,244) (2,972) (3,552) - -
Other non-current liabilities (6,982) (5,981) (5,179) (1,987) (1,466)
NET ASSETS 1,491,535 1,461,472 1,352,377 1,282,249 1,293,548
CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Share capital 8,520 8,520 8,520 8,520 8,520
Share premium 42,430 42,430 42,430 42,430 42,430
Capital contribution 2,828 2,828 2,828 2,828 2,828
Treasury shares (45,156) (9,833) (9,833) - -
Revenue reserve 1,482,913 1,417,527 1,308,432 1,228,471 1,239,770
1,491,535 1,461,472 1,352,377 1,282,249 1,293,548
Turnover, Profit or Loss account
Turnover 1,205,401 993,399 719,945 610,247 618,301
Profit before taxation 544,990 534,425 430,747 315,420 392,223

Taxation (142,133) (153,325) (78,138) (54,071) 89,233
Profit after taxation 402,857 381,100 352,609 261,349 481,456
Per share data (Naira):
Earnings - (Basic & diluted) 23.87 22.42 20.69 15.34 28.25
Net assets 88.36 85.97 79.36 75.25 75.91
Earnings per share are based on profit after taxation and the weighted average number of issued and fully paid ordinary shares at
the end of each financial year.
Net assets per share are based on net assets and the weighted average number of issued and fully paid ordinary shares at the end of
each financial year.
89
DANGOTE CEMENT PLC
STATEMENT OF VALUE ADDED
Group Company
2022 2021 2022 2021
₦'million % ₦'million % ₦'million % ₦'million %
Sales 1,618,323 1,383,637 1,205,401 993,399

Finance Income 38,715 20,765 121,864 92,783
Other income 5,333 6,221 3,550 1,975
1,662,371 1,410,623 1,330,815 1,088,157
Bought-in-materials and services:
- Imported (300,937) (223,744) (199,035) (121,006)
- Local (496,349) (409,216) (410,101) (291,542)
Value added 865,085 100 777,663 100 721,679 100 675,609 100
Applied as follows:
To pay employees:
Salaries, wages and other benefits 90,323 10 72,824 9 53,883 7 39,963 6
To pay Government:
Current taxation 168,601 20 154,915 20 155,668 22 144,861 22
Deferred taxation (26,910) (3) 19,012 3 (13,535) (2) 8,464 1
To pay providers of capital:
Finance charges 130,370 15 65,707 8 62,541 9 42,501 6
To provide for maintenance

of fixed assets:
- Depreciation 120,029 14 100,488 13 60,213 8 58,656 9
- Amortization 361 - 278 - 52 - 64 -
Retained in the Group:

- Non controlling interest 6,323 1 3,431 1 - - - -
- Profit and loss account 375,988 43 361,008 46 402,857 56 381,100 56
865,085 100 777,663 100 721,679 100 675,609 100
Value added represents the additional wealth which the Group and company have been able to create by its own and its employees'
efforts. The statement shows the allocation of that wealth to employees, government, providers of finance, and that retained for future
creation of more wealth.
90

DCP FY 2022 Accounts

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DANGOTE CEMENT PLC

CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE

Report of the Statutory Audit Committee 7

Independent auditor's report 10

Consolidated and separate statements of profit or loss 15

Consolidated and separate statements of comprehensive income 16

Consolidated and separate statements of financial position 17

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 18

Separate statement of changes in equity 19

Consolidated and separate statements of cash flows 20

Notes to the consolidated and separate financial statements 21

Five-year financial summary (Group) - Other National disclosure 88

Five-year financial summary (Company) - Other National disclosure 89

Statement of value added - Other National disclosures 90

Directors’ Report continued

Results for The Year

Directors’ Report continued

Property, plant and equipment

Directors’ Report continued

Corporate governance and investor relations

Health, safety at work and welfare of employees

Training and development

Directors’ Report continued

Substantial interest in shares

Dangote Stanbic IBTC

Share Buy-Back Programme

Share Capital Analysis Units

Members of the Statutory Audit Committee:

In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for:

properly selecting and applying accounting policies;

The Directors are responsible for:

On behalf of the Directors

To the Shareholders of Dangote Cement Plc

Report on the Audit of the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements

• the consolidated and separate statements of financial position as at 31 December 2022;

Basis for Opinion

Key Audit Matters

Goodluck C. Obi, FCA

CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS

Profit before tax 524,002 538,366 544,990 534,425

CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Profit for the year 382,311 364,439 402,857 381,100

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:

Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to:

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Currency Attributable Non-

Profit for the year - - - 361,008 - - 361,008 3,431 364,439

Dividends - - - (272,005) - - (272,005) - (272,005)

SEPARATE STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Share Treasury Capital Retained

Balance as at 1 January 2021 8,520 42,430 (9,833) 2,828 1,308,432 1,352,377

Profit for the year - - - - 381,100 381,100

Balance as at 1 January 2022 8,520 42,430 (9,833) 2,828 1,417,527 1,461,472

Balance as at 31 December 2022 8,520 42,430 (45,156) 2,828 1,482,913 1,491,535

CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. Significant accounting policies

2.3 Basis of Consolidation