Paper JMOe 1

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. 19, No.
3, September 2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742020v19i3827 343
A Compact, Wideband, Dual Polarized

CPW-Fed Asymmetric Slot Antenna for
Wireless Systems
Shilpee Patil 1 , Anil Kumar Pandey 2 , Vijay Kumar Pandey 2
1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Greater Noida, India. Email: shilpeepatil21@gmail.com
2
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, G.N.I.T., Greater Noida, India. Email:
anilpandey85@gmail.com
3
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Greater Noida, India. Email: vijaygpandey@yahoo.com
Abstract— Wideband, dual sense circularly polarized (CP),

asymmetric circular slot fed by coplanar waveguide is proposed
and designed. Dual polarizations are obtained by using a horizontal
stub to the feed line and embedding the L-shaped strip onto the
slotted ground plane. The simulated result of impedance bandwidth
shows wideband performance is produced by four resonant modes.
Some key parameters are studied to analyze the characteristics of
the proposed antenna. The overall volume of the proposed antenna
is 18 mm × 18 mm × 1.6 mm. The measured value of 10 dB
impedance bandwidth is 112%at frequencies from 4.2 GHz to 14.9
GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2. The 3-dB axial
ratio bandwidths are 39.3% for the lower band which senses right-
hand circular polarization (RHCP) and 2.8% for the upper band
which senses left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) relative to the
center frequency of 6.1GHz and 14.1 GHz, respectively. The
proposed structure gives a good radiation pattern with moderate
gain.
Index Terms— asymmetric slot antenna, circular polarization, CPW feed,

wideband antenna.
I. INTRODUCTION
The microstrip patch antenna is a new kind of radiator, which is compatible with integrated circuit
technology and offers advantages such as thin profile, light weight, low price, and conformability to a
shaped surface. It is usually designed for single-mode linearly polarized (LP) operation that radiates
only horizontally or vertically polarized waves [1]. To overcome this limitation, a multi-band CP
antenna is needed. It is used to make independent data transmission and reception from the orientation
of the transmitter and receiver and remove the multipath shortcomings. For CP radiation, a patch
should support two orthogonal modes of the same amplitude however, 90o phase difference. To
achieve these modes a single patch with appropriate excitations or a properly structured array of
patches with proper phasing is required. Using a printed slot antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW)
feed is one of the methods to prevent the increasing size of the antenna and improve the operating
bandwidth. The main features of CPW feed are wider bandwidth, a single metallic layer, easily
Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Society-SBMO received 24 April 2020; for review 30 April 2020; accepted 18 June 2020
Brazilian Society of Electromagnetism-SBMag © 2020 SBMO/SBMag ISSN 2179-1074
Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. 19, No. 3, September 2020
integrated with active elements, and a small mutual coupling between two adjacent lines of the
coplanar structure.
In recent times, some techniques are utilized to produce circularly polarized antennas. Reference [2]
proposed and investigated the stage 1 and stage 2 of a Koch fractal boundary CP microstrip antenna.
In [3] and [4], a dual-band, dual sense CP antenna is obtained by four unequal linear slots
incorporated to the annular slot and by two spiral-shaped slotted ground planes, respectively. A triple-
band circularly polarized operation is achieved by a single layer, a single-feed antenna with
asymmetrical fractal boundary is presented in [5]. A circular patch slotted with eight curves and a
coaxial probe with the integrated disk also generates a dual sense polarization operation that is
proposed in [6]. Another structure is proposed in [7] for dual sense polarization operation that consists
of a bent feeding configuration with a slotted ground structure. To obtain dual-band circular
polarization in [8], a rectangular and L-shaped adjusting stub is used additionally. The proposed
design in [9] consists of the stacking of two truncated patches having an inclined slot and horizontal
slits to produce quad-band circular polarization operation. Dual-band circularly polarized spiral slot-
loaded antenna is proposed in [10]. To achieve circular polarization incorporation of three slit arms of
L shaped onto the hexagonal slot is presented in [11]. Various other slot combinations are reported to
obtain broadband and multiband circular polarization with wide impedance bandwidth [12]-[20].
In view of the above kinds of literature, a novel structure of a CPW fed slot antenna consist of a
horizontal stub and L-shaped strip to achieve RHCP and LHCP with the wideband operation is
investigated. The designed small size dual CP antenna with size 18 mm × 18 mm× 1.6 mm operates
over the impedance bandwidth of 10.7 GHz (4.2–14.9 GHz) with the center frequency of 9550 MHz.
The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) for the lower band can reach as large as 2400 MHz (4.9–7.3
GHz) with the center frequency of 6100 MHz and 3-dB ARBW for the upper band is 400 MHz (13.9–
14.3 GHz) with the center frequency of 4100 MHz.
II. CONFIGURATION OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA
The proposed CPW-fed antenna is designed on the FR-4 substrate of dielectric constant ‘εr’= 4.4
and a thickness of 1.6 mm. Fig. 1 shows the simple and basic structure of the proposed antenna of the
overall area 18 mm ×18 mm. It consists of an asymmetric circular slot of radius ‘R’ is etched onto the
ground plane with L shaped strip on the right side of the corner. A horizontal stub of dimension
(Ls× Ws) is added to the feed line, which plays a very important role in the antenna performance. Final
optimized values for all parameters of the proposed antenna are listed in Table I.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed antenna.
TABLE I. OPTIMIZED PARAMETERS OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA
Parameters W Wf Ws Wg Wl Wc1 Wc2 H

Value(mm) 18 2 3 7.7 1 1.5 0.5 1.6
Parameters L Lf Ls Lg Ll Lc Ld R
Value(mm) 18 11 5.5 5 7 1 0.5 8
The asymmetric structure of the antenna design generates two different modes of the radiated fields.
Therefore, by setting the perturbation segment to the edge of the circular slot, the generated mode is
separated into two orthogonal modes Ex and Ey. The radiated fields excited by these two modes are in
general perpendicular to each other and orthogonally polarized in the direction of maximum radiation.
This enables the antenna to operate as a CP radiator. This proposed antenna has a number of
advantages such as small size, wide impedance bandwidth and can excite dual sense CP radiation
without using an external polarizer as compared to other dual sense CP radiators.
III. EVOLUTION OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA
To obtain large impedance bandwidth and dual sense CP operation, two main structures have been
embedded in the proposed antenna: one is the horizontal stub on the feed line and the other is an L-
shaped strip onto the right side of the top of the circularly slotted ground plane. The dimensions of the
horizontal stub on the feed line are optimized for good impedance matching. Throughout various
simulations, appropriate dimensions are obtained. To examine the effect of modified structures on
antenna performance, four antennas with or without the modified structures are defined and illustrated
in Fig. 2 Therefore, optimized simulated results of S11 and axial ratio for all three prototypes and
proposed antenna are shown in Figs. 3(a) and 3(b). It is observed that the combination of two
structures, the stub on the feed and the L shaped strip improves the impedance and ARBW effectively.
Fig. 2. Antenna prototypes.
Impedance bandwidth results for antenna I and antenna II give only shifted lower and upper
resonance frequency. Second and third resonance frequency does not appear below -10 dB for the S11
value. In this case, results for axial ratio are not appreciable. Antenna III gives a good and wideband
S11 with four resonance frequencies but the axial ratio is not below 3-dB. Finally, the antenna with an
L-shaped strip lying onto the top right side of the circularly slotted ground plane for generating two
orthogonal resonant modes is designed. Analysis of the designed antenna gives the simulated results
of impedance bandwidth from 4.2 GHz to 14.9 GHz of 112% relative to the center frequency of 9.55
GHz. Therefore, 3-dB ARBW for the lower band is 39.3% and for the upper band is 2.8% relative to
the center frequency of 6.1 GHz and 14.1 GHz, respectively.
10
0
8
-5
Axial Ratio (dB)
6
-10
S11(dB)
4
-15
Antenna I 2 Antenna I
-20 Antenna II
Antenna II
Antenna III Antenna III
Proposed Antenna Proposed Antenna
-25 0
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
(a) (b)
Fig. 3. Simulated results for Antenna I, Antenna II, Antenna III, and Proposed Antenna of (a) S11, and (b) axial ratio.
IV. PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
Simulated results are analyzed by using Ansoft High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS-V13)
software, which is commercially available. HFSS is the electromagnetic solver used for numerical
investigation and optimization of the proposed antenna. To obtain a good result, different parameters
of the antenna structure are varied and optimized values are considered.
This section elaborates the performance-process of the proposed antenna through parametric
simulation. A study on the parametric process has been made in order to get optimized values for
certain antenna dimensions such as stub width on the feed and L-shaped strip width on the slotted
ground. In this process, the optimized value of the parameter is obtained by varying the value of that
parameter and keeps all parameters constant at the time of the simulation.
A. Varying stub width ‘Ws’ (Without L-shaped strip)
The variation in the value of stub width, without L-shaped strip, is used to enhance the S11
characteristic. The S11 characteristics and ARBW for the stub width ‘Ws’ from 2 mm to 3.5 mm are
shown in Figs. 4(a) and 4(b). The analysis shows that the impedance bandwidth increases as the stub
width Ws are increased from 2.5 mm to 3 mm. Further increase in Ws, decreases impedance
bandwidth and shows an insignificant change in ARBW. From the result, Ws= 3 mm shows wide
impedance bandwidth but linearly polarized characteristics of the proposed antenna.
0
14
-5
12
-10 10
Axial Ratio (dB)
8
S11 (dB)
-15
6
-20
WS= 2.0 mm (without L strip) WS=2.0 mm (without L strip)
4 WS=2.5 mm (without L strip)
WS= 2.5 mm (without L strip)
-25 WS=3.0 mm (without L strip)
WS= 3.0 mm (without L strip) 2 WS=3.5 mm (without L strip)
WS= 3.5 mm (without L strip)
-30 0
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
(a) (b)
Fig. 4. Simulated results for variations in the stub width Ws (without L-shaped strip); (a) S11, and (b) axial ratio.
B. Varying L-shaped strip width ‘Wl’

The optimization of thickness of the L-shaped strip can be used for the best circularly polarized
performance to the antenna. The effect of different values of Wl on S11 characteristics of the
proposed antenna illustrated in Fig. 5 (a).
The impedance bandwidth decreases with an increase in the width of the L-shaped strip. At Wl =1
mm S11 covers a wide range of frequencies. The ARBW characteristic for different values of Wl is
illustrated in Fig. 5 (b). The width of the L-shaped strip changes from 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The proposed
antenna achieves ARBW at upper resonance band at Wl = 0.5 mm. When Wl = 1 mm, the antenna
achieves dual circular polarization bandwidth, in which lower ARBW consists of both lower
resonance frequency of 5.2 GHz and 7.1 GHz. After that increasing the width of the L-shaped strip
lower ARBW decreases and impedance bandwidth also decreases rapidly. Therefore, a wide
impedance band and better ARBW are achieved at Wl = 1 mm. Hence, Ws = 3 mm and Wl = 1 mm
are considered as optimized values for the proposed antenna. Additionally, to achieve better
performance of the antenna a thorough parametric analysis is followed out.
0 10
-5 8
Axial Ratio (dB)

6
-10
S11(dB)
4
-15
Wl = 0.5 mm
Wl = 1.0 mm Wl= 0.5 mm
2
Wl = 1.5 mm Wl= 1.0 mm
-20
Wl= 1.5 mm
Wl = 2.0 mm
Wl= 2.0 mm
0
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
(a) (b)
Fig. 5. Simulated results for variations in the L shaped strip width Wl; (a) S11, and (b) axial ratio.
V. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT DISTRIBUTION
To realize the operation of the generation of the circularly polarized wave for the proposed antenna,
the vector surface current distribution on the feed and slotted ground for different time phases is
examined in this section. Figs. 6(a) and 6(b) illustrates the distribution of surface current onto the
surface of the proposed antenna for the time phases at ωt = 0o, ωt = 90o, ωt = 180o and ωt = 270o.
These analyses are operated at 5.2 GHz and 7.1 GHz, separately. At 5.2 GHz, leading current vectors
for time phase 0o and 90o are in –x and +y direction. On the other hand, the current vectors for time
phase 180o and 270o are the same in amplitude but opposite in phase of 0o and 90o, respectively.
However, the surface current vector rotated in a clockwise direction in the xy plane, which shows
right-hand circularly polarized wave is generated in the upper-half space of the radiation space. Fig.
6(b) illustrates the surface current vector at 7.1 GHz is rotated in a clockwise direction in the xy plane,
which again shows right-hand circularly polarized wave is generated in the upper-half space of the
radiation. Finally, Fig. 7 illustrates the surface current distribution on the slotted ground of proposed
antenna at 14.1 GHz for the time phases of ωt = 0o, ωt = 90o, ωt = 180o and ωt = 270o. The leading
surface current vectors in the time phase of 180o and 270o are the same in amplitude but opposite in
phase of 0o and 90o, respectively. As a result, the surface current vector rotates in an anticlockwise
direction in the xy plane. Therefore, antenna radiated as left-hand circularly polarized in the upper-
half space at 14.1 GHz of the frequency.
Fig.6. Simulated surface current distributions on the surface of proposed antenna at (a) 5.2 GHz, and (b) 7.1 GHz.
Fig. 7. Simulated surface current distributions on the ground plane of the proposed antenna at 14.1 GHz.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Experimental results are obtained by using an AgilentTM PNA-L series vector network analyzer. Fig.
8 shows the image of a fabricated circularly polarized antenna fed by an SMA connector of 50-Ω
along the coplanar waveguide feed line.
Fig.8. Fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna.
A. S11 and axial ratio bandwidth

In this section, simulated and measured results for S11 and axial ratio are compared and explained
for the proposed antenna. The designed antenna operates over the impedance bandwidth of 10.7 GHz
at frequencies from 4.2 GHz to 14.9 GHz. The 3-dB ARBW for the lower band can reach as large as
2400 MHz from 4.9 GHz to 7.3 GHz and for the upper band it is 400 MHz from 13.9 GHz to 14.3
GHz. Figs. 9(a) and 9(b) illustrates the graph of S11 and axial ratio, respectively. A little difference is
observed between simulated and measured results, which come from fabrication tolerance and
soldering of the SMA connector. Table II listed the details of some important properties of the
proposed antenna at a totally different resonance frequency within the operating band. It shows, the
proposed antenna becomes an excellent choice for wideband applications, where a compact CP
antenna is preferred.
0 4
-5
3
Axial Ratio (dB)

Simulated
-10
Measured
S11 (dB)
Simulated
-15 Measured
1
-20
0
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
(a) (b)
Fig. 9. Experimental of results of proposed antenna; (a) S11, and (b) axial ratio.
TABLE II. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED ANTENNA AT THE DIFFERENT RESONANCE FREQUENCY
Antenna
Value 1 Value 2 Value 3 Value 4
Properties
Frequency(GHz) 5.2 7.1 11.2 14.1
Polarization RHCP RHCP LP LHCP
Gain(dBic) 3.7 1.6 4.2 1.8
VSWR 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.3
Wireless LAN IEEE Military
Fixed satellite Fixed satellite
Applications 802.11a, Satellite satellite
service(downlink) service(uplink)
Communication(uplink) communication
B. Gain and VSWR

In this section, the simulated and measured results, including the gain and VSWR of the proposed
antenna are explained to verify its performance. The measured and simulated results of gain versus
frequency are illustrated in Fig. 10(a). It shows the gain of the designed antenna at four different
resonance frequencies are 3.7 dBic, 1.6 dBic, 4.2 dBic and 1.8 dBic, respectively. The simulated and
measured results of VSWR of the proposed antenna are inappropriate settlement with each other, as
shown in Fig. 10(b). The results indicate that the design has VSWR < 2 throughout the operating band
(4.2–14.9 GHz).
Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. X, No. Y, April 2020
5 4
4
3
3 Simulated
Gain (dBic)
Measured
VSWR
2
2
Simulated
Measured 1
1
0 0
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
(a) (b)
Fig. 10. Experimental results for the proposed antenna; (a) Gain, and (b) VSWR.
C. Radiation patterns
In this section, simulated and measured normalized radiation patterns of the proposed antenna at
completely different resonant frequencies are plotted. Fig. 11 shows that the radiation patterns of the
proposed antenna at ϕ = 0o and ϕ = 90o are plotted at 5.2 GHz, 7.1 GHz, 11.2 GHz, and 14.1 GHz.
The measured and simulated radiation patterns are matched nicely with each other. It is observed from
patterns that the antenna is radiated RHCP wave at 5.2 GHz and 7.1 GHz, whereas LHCP wave at
14.1 GHz in +z direction. At the same time, the proposed antenna shows linear polarization at 11.2
GHz.
Table III summarized the radiation properties of the designed antenna. The 3-dB half-power
beamwidth for the xz plane and the yz plane at different resonance frequencies are listed in this table.
Table IV shows a brief comparison between the proposed antenna and the antenna presented in [3]-
[11]. It is observed that the proposed antenna consists of a low profile, small size, wide impedance
bandwidth with dual sense circularly polarized radiation for dual-band, and a good ARBW for both
bands. This shows that the proposed antenna is better than other listed antennas in Table IV.
Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Society-SBMO received 0 April 2020; for review 0 April 2020; accepted 0 Month 2019
0 0
-30 30 -30 30
-10.00 -10.00
-60 -20.00 60 -60 -20.00 60

-30.00 -30.00
-90 90 -90 90
-120 120 -120 120
-150 150 -150 150

-180 -180
(a) 5.2 GHz

0 0
-30 30 -30 30
-10.00 -10.00
-60 -20.00 60 -60 -20.00 60

-30.00 -30.00
-90 90 -90 90
-120 120 -120 120
-150 150 -150 150

-180 -180
(b) 7.1GHz
0 0
-30 30 -30 30
-10.00 -10.00
-60 -20.00 60 -60 -20.00 60
-30.00 -30.00
-90 90 -90 90
-120 120 -120 120
-150 150 -150 150

-180 -180
(c) 11.2 GHz

0 0
-30 30 -30 30
-10.00 -10.00
-60 -20.00 60 -60 -20.00 60

-30.00 -30.00
-90 90 -90 90
-120 120 -120 120
-150 150 -150 150

-180 -180
(d) 14.1 GHz
Fig.11. Experimental results for the radiation pattern of proposed antenna at

ϕ=0o and ϕ=90o.
TABLE III. SIMULATED AND MEASURED RADIATION PATTERN CHARACTERISTICS
Frequency Simulated HPBW Measured HPBW

(GHz) (Degree) (Degree)
o o o
ϕ=0 ϕ=90 ϕ=0 ϕ=90o
5.2 GHz 83 60 85 62
7.1 GHz 49 57 50 60
1 37 48 41 47
.2 GHz
14.1 GHz 40 92 43 91
TABLE IV. COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CP ANTENNAS
Antenna
Antenna Impedance Polarization
Ref. area Feed Method ARBW(%)
Category BW(%) Type
(mm2)
Microstrip Line
[3] Ring Slot 80×80 26.7%,11.3% 6.1%, 6.0% RHCP,LHCP
Feeding
[4] Ring Slot 70×70 CPW Feeding 8.7%, 23% 8.4%,19.24% LHCP,RHCP
Coaxial Probe 3.2%, 1.6%,
[5] Fractal Slot 50×50 8.7%,2.4%, 5% RHCP
Feeding 3.0%
Coaxial Probe
[6] Curved Slot 60×60 0.48%, 0.73% 10.7%, 9.6% LHCP,RHCP
Feeding
[7] Open Slot 50×60 Bent Feeding 92.2% 4.15%,4.55% RHCP,LHCP
Microstrip Line
[8] Complementary 42×30 0.16%,34.4% 1.6%,11.89% RHCP,LHCP
Feeding
Coplanar 0.98%,4.275
[9] Stacked patch ≈25×25 capacitive- 55.46%, %,0.8869%,1. LHCP
feeding 35%
Microstrip Line
[10] Spiral Slot 100×100 18.2%,18.4% 4.5%,3.5% RHCP,LHCP
Feeding
Tapered
1.7%,3.86%,5
[11] Hexagonal Slot 60×60 Microstrip 33.16%,22.72% RHCP
.23%
feeding
Proposed Circular Slot 18×18 CPW Feeding 112% 39.3%, 2.8% RHCP,LHCP
VII. CONCLUSION
This paper proposed a CPW-fed, wideband, dually polarized asymmetric slot antenna. The
proposed antenna senses all three polarizations linear, right-hand, and left-hand CP at different
resonant frequencies. The addition of a horizontal strip with CPW feed is used to improve the overall
impedance bandwidth and an L-shaped strip on the slotted ground is placed to achieve circularly
polarized radiation. A good radiation pattern and enough gain across the operating band are achieved
from the proposed antenna. The small deviation between experimental results comes out from the
environmental effect by measurement and manufacturing tolerances. The experimental results show
that the -10 dB impedance bandwidths obtained a wideband of 10.7 GHz and dual sense 3-dB ARBW
of 2.4 GHz and 0.4 GHz for lower and upper bands, respectively. Therefore, the proposed antenna is
an attractive choice for broadband and satellite applications.
REFERENCES
[1] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition, Singapore, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
[2] P. Nageswara Rao and N. V. S .N Sarma, “Koch Fractal Boundary Single feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip
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[3] X. Bao and M. J. Ammann, “Dual-frequency dual-sense circularly polarized slot antenna fed by microstrip line,” IEEE
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[4] C. Chen and E. K. N. Yung, “Dual-band dual-sense circularly-polarized CPW-fed slot antenna with two spiral slots
loaded,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, pp. 1829-1833, 2009.
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[7] C. J. Wang, M. H. Shih, and L. T. Chen, “A Wideband open-slot antenna with dual-band circular polarization,” IEEE
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[10] X. L. Bao and M. J. Ammann, “Monofilar spiral slot antenna for dual-frequency dual-sense circular polarization,”
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[11] J. G. Baek and K. C. Hwang, “Triple-band unidirectional circularly polarized hexagonal slot antenna with multiple L-
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[13] J. Pourahmadazar, C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, N. Felegari, and H. Shirzad, “Broadband CPW-fed circularly polarized
square slot antenna with inverted L-strip for UWB applications,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 10, pp.
369-372, 2011
[14] N. Felegari, J. Nourinia, C. Ghobadi and J. Pourhmadazar, "Broadband CPW-fed circularly polarized square slot
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[15] K. Ding, T. B. Yu, D. X. Qu and C. Peng, “Broadband CPW-fed circularly polarized falcate-shaped monopole antenna
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Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. 19, No.

A Compact, Wideband, Dual Polarized

Abstract— Wideband, dual sense circularly polarized (CP),

Index Terms— asymmetric slot antenna, circular polarization, CPW feed,

II. CONFIGURATION OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed antenna.

TABLE I. OPTIMIZED PARAMETERS OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA

Parameters W Wf Ws Wg Wl Wc1 Wc2 H

III. EVOLUTION OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA

Fig. 2. Antenna prototypes.

IV. PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS

B. Varying L-shaped strip width ‘Wl’

Axial Ratio (dB)

V. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT DISTRIBUTION

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig.8. Fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna.

A. S11 and axial ratio bandwidth

Axial Ratio (dB)

TABLE II. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED ANTENNA AT THE DIFFERENT RESONANCE FREQUENCY

B. Gain and VSWR

-60 -20.00 60 -60 -20.00 60

-120 120 -120 120

-150 150 -150 150

(a) 5.2 GHz

-60 -20.00 60 -60 -20.00 60

-120 120 -120 120

-150 150 -150 150

-120 120 -120 120

-150 150 -150 150

(c) 11.2 GHz

-60 -20.00 60 -60 -20.00 60

-120 120 -120 120

-150 150 -150 150

(d) 14.1 GHz

Fig.11. Experimental results for the radiation pattern of proposed antenna at

TABLE III. SIMULATED AND MEASURED RADIATION PATTERN CHARACTERISTICS

Frequency Simulated HPBW Measured HPBW

TABLE IV. COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CP ANTENNAS

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