BDwbU

e‡¯¿i Qvc I is
15
f~wgKv
e¯¿ wk‡í Qvcv I isKiY e¯¿ AjsKi‡Yi `yÕwU eûj e¨eüZ c×wZ| KviLvbvq cÖ¯‘ZK…Z e¯¿ mivmwi evRv‡i Lye
GKUv Av‡m bv| e‡¯¿ wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z Qvcv I isKi‡Yi ci evRviRvZ Kiv nq| G‡Z K‡i e‡¯¿i AvKl©Y I
e¨envi Dc‡hvwMZv e„w× cvq| e‡¯¿i Ici ¯’vb we‡k‡l wewfbœ bKkv Abyhvqx is cÖwZdwjZ Kivi cÖYvwj‡K e¯¿ Qvcv
e‡j| G c×wZ‡Z Kvc‡oi Ici is †eis Gi bKkv ˆZwi K‡i AZ¨šÍ AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zvjv nq| eøK, evwUK, w¯Œb,
†÷bwmj, †ivjvi BZ¨vw` wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z e‡¯¿ Qvcvi KvR Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K isKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î m¤ú~Y©
KvcowU is Gi `ªe‡Y Wzwe‡q me RvqMvq mgvbfv‡e is jvwM‡q †`qv nq| isKi‡Yi cÖwµqvwU e¯¿ ˆZwii c~‡e© A_v©r
Zš‘ ev Ae¯’v‡ZI cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avevi wewfbœ UvB-WvB c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ †KŠk‡j Kvco‡K †eu‡a is Gi
`ªe‡Y †Wvev‡j Kvc‡o my›`i GKwU bKkv dz‡U I‡V|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

G BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV-15.1 : e¯¿ Qvcvi c×wZ
cvV-15.2 : eøK Qvcvi miÄvg
cvV-15.3 : eøK Qvcvi c×wZ
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-15.1 e¯¿ Qvcvi cÖKvi

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 e¯¿ Qvcvi I e¯¿ isKiY Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 e¯¿ Qvcvi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

e‡¯¿ bKkv ˆZwii GKwU RbwcÖq I eûj cÖPwjZ c×wZ n‡jv wcÖwUs ev e¯¿ Qvcv| GwU e¯¿‡K AvKl©Yxq
Kivi Ab¨Zg cš’v| e¯¿ is Kiv I Qvcvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| e¯¿ ićb ev e¯¿ is Kivq m¤ú~Y©
e¯¿wU‡K avivevwnKfv‡e GKB e‡Y©, GKB Mvp‡Z¡ mgfv‡e iwÄZ K‡i †Zvjv nq| e¯¿ Qvcv c×wZ‡Z e‡¯¿i wbw`©ó
¯’v‡b bKkvbyhvqx GK ev GKvwaK e‡Y©i mgv‡ivn NwU‡q e¯¿wU‡K mvwR‡q ev AjsK…Z K‡i †Zvjv nq|
e¯¿ isKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq gvÎvq is wb‡q, Zvi mv‡_ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvwb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv `ªeY †hvM Kiv nq|
G‡ÿ‡Î Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg Nb‡Z¡i `ªe‡Y †ek LvwbKUv mgq a‡i e¯¿‡K wbgw¾¡Z ivLv nq| cÖ_g w`‡K ZvcgvÎv
Kg _vK‡jI ciewZ©‡Z ZvcgvÎv e„w× Kiv nq, hv‡Z e‡¯¿i me RvqMvq mgvb fv‡e is jv‡M| wKš‘ Qvcvi †ejvq
†ewk Nb‡Z¡i i‡Oi †c÷ e¨envi Kiv nq| GB †c÷ ev Nb is e‡¯¿i Dcwifv‡M †Kej bKkvhy³ ¯’v‡b cÖ‡qvM Kiv
nq| Gici `ªæZ ïwK‡q, Zvc ev ev®ú e¨envi K‡i †mB is‡K e‡¯¿i Af¨šÍ‡i wbw`©ó RvqMvq cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q evwK is
ay‡q †djv nq|
e¯¿ Qvcv I isKi‡Yi cÖYvwj wfbœ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Qvcvi Kv‡R †hme hš¿cvwZ e¨envi Kiv nq isKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †mme
hš¿cvwZ e¨eüZ nq bv| Z‡e e¯¿ Qvcv I isKiY Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB cÖwµqv ïiæi c~‡e© 1| ay‡q, 2| e‡¯¿i gvo `~i K‡i,
3| Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡Z nq|
e¯¿ Qvcv ev †U·UvBj wcÖw›Us‡K cÖavbZ `yB fv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq| h_v-
K) wcÖw›Us c×wZ (The method of printing)
L) wcÖw›Us ÷vBj (The style of printing)
mvaviYZ PviwU c×wZ‡Z †U·UvBj wcÖw›Us Kiv nq| †hgb-
1| n¨vÛ eøK wcÖw›Us (Hand Block printing)- KvV, ivevi, ¯úÄ, mvevb, wj‡bvwjqvg BZ¨vw` w`‡q eøK ˆZwi K‡i
A_ev Avjy, †Xuom, kvcjv BZ¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ AvKk©bxq bKkv K‡i, †mB eø‡K fv‡jvfv‡e is jvwM‡q Kvc‡oi
Ici Pvc w`‡jB Qvcv ev wcÖw›Us n‡q hvq| Qvcv n‡q †M‡j Qvqvhy³ ¯’v‡b ev evZv‡m ïwK‡q Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡Z nq|
2| †÷bwmj wcÖw›Us (Stencil printing)- G c×wZ‡Z mvaviYZ cvZjv †gUvj wkU ev IqvUvi cÖæd ev cvwb
wb‡ivaK KvM‡Ri Ici bKkv Gu‡K, †h AskUzKz‡Z is Kiv n‡e Zv †K‡U †d‡j †`qv nq| Gici †gUvj wkU ev
KvMRwU Kvc‡oi Ici †i‡L †¯úª ev eªv‡ki mvnv‡h¨ Kvc‡o is Kiv nq|
3| w¯Œb wcÖw›Us (Screen printing)- w¯Œb wcÖw›Us Gi Rb¨ KvV, w÷j ev A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi Pvi‡KvYv †d«‡gi ‡fZi
we‡kl fv‡e ˆZwi bvBjb ev wmé †eøvwUs K¬_, KUb, AM©vwÛ BZ¨vw` Kvco Lye k³fv‡e AvU‡K †`qv nq-hv‡K
w¯Œb MR e‡j| Gici we‡kl cÖwµqvq GB w¯Œ‡bi Ici wWRvBb dzwU‡q Zz‡j wcÖw›Us Gi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq|
w¯Œ‡bi GKcÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨cÖv‡šÍ is †U‡b †bqvi Rb¨ k³ ivevi ev cøvw÷K w`‡q ˆZwi ¯‹zBwR e¨envi Kiv nq|
4| †gwkb ev †ivjvi wcÖw›Us (Machine of Roller printing)- evRv‡ii †ewkifvM KvcoB G c×wZ‡Z Qvcv nq|
hš¿PvwjZ G c×wZ‡Z AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ I ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ wcÖw›Us Gi KvR Kiv hvq|

BDwbU 15 c„ôv 158

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

n¨vÛ eøK wcÖw›Us †÷bwmj wcÖw›Us w¯Œb wcÖw›Us †ivjvi wcÖw›Us

wPÎ-15.1.1: e¯¿ Qvcvi wewfbœ cÖKvi

cÖK…Zc‡ÿ e¯¿ Qvcv I isKiY Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB e¨eüZ g~j DcKiY n‡”Q is| Avi i‡Oi mvnv‡h¨ e¯¿‡K AvKl©Yxq
Kivi wewfbœ D`vniY Avgiv e¯¿ wk‡í ev eywUK wk‡í cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i _vwK|

wkÿv_©xi KvR e¯¿ isKiY I Qvcvi cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Kiæb|

mvivsk
e¯¿ isKi‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq gvÎvq is wb‡q, Zvi mv‡_ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvwb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv `ªeY †hvM K‡i m¤ú~Y©
e¯¿wU‡K avivevwnKfv‡e GKB e‡Y©, GKB Mvp‡Z¡ mgfv‡e iwÄZ K‡i †Zvjv nq| Avi Qvcv c×wZ‡Z e‡¯¿i wbw`©ó
¯’v‡b GK ev GKvwaK e‡Y©i mgv‡ivn NwU‡q e¯¿wU‡K bKkvbyhvqx dzwU‡q †Zvjv nq| isKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg Nb‡Z¡i `ªe‡Y Ges †gvUvgywU A‡bK mgq a‡i e¯¿‡K wbgw¾Z ivLv nq| wKš‘ Qvcvi †ejvq
†ewk Nb‡Z¡i i‡Oi †c÷ e¨envi Kiv nq| n¨vÛ eøK, †÷bwmj, w¯Œb, †ivjvi BZ¨vw`i mvnv‡h¨ wcÖw›Us Kiv nq|
Z‡e e¯¿ Qvcv I isKiY Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB cÖwµqv ïiæi c~‡e© e¯¿ ay‡q, gvo `~i K‡i, Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡Z nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-15.1
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| e¯¿ Qvcv I isKiY Gi c~‡e©-
i) e‡¯¿i gvo `~i Kiv nq
ii) †mjvB Kiv nq
iii) ïwK‡q Bw¯¿ K‡i †bqv nq
K) i I ii L) ii I iii
M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
2| †U·UvBj wcÖw›Us-
i) w¯Œb wcÖw›Us
ii) †÷bwmj wcÖwUs
iii) †ivjvi wcÖwUs
K) i I ii L) ii I iii
M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

BDwbU 15 c„ôv 159

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-15.2 eøK Qvcvi miÄvg

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 eøK Qvcvi miÄv‡gi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
e¯¿ Qvcvi BwZnv‡m me©cÖ_g †h †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i e¯¿ AjsKiY Kiv n‡qwQj Zv n‡jv eøK Qvcv|
Avgv‡`i e¯¿ wk‡í Av‡Rv eøK Qvcvi RbwcÖqZv e¨vcK| Gi gva¨‡g Avgiv cwiav‡bi Kvco, weQvbvi
Pv`i, †Uwej K¬_ BZ¨vw` wcª›U K‡i _vwK| mvaviYZ, Kv‡Vi Ic‡i bKkv †Lv`vB K‡i eøK ˆZwi Kiv nq| eø‡K is
jvwM‡q e‡¯¿ Pvc w`‡q bKkv dzwU‡q †Zvjv‡KB eøK Qvcv ev eøK wcÖ›U e‡j|
eøK ˆZwi: eøK wcÖ‡›U e¨eüZ Kv‡Vi eøK¸‡jv 2-4 Bw ev 5.08-10.16 †m.wg. cyiæ nIqv DwPZ| Ab¨_vq G¸‡jv
†UKmB n‡e bv| eø‡Ki AvK…wZ bKkvi AvK…wZi Ici wbf©i K‡i| Z‡e eøK j¤^vq 12-16 Bw ev 30.48-40.64
†m.wg. Gi †ewk bv nIqvB fvj| eøK ˆZwii Rb¨ KvV wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î evejv, Mve, wj‡bvwjqvg (wkixk) BZ¨vw`‡K
¸iæZ¡ †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avjy, †Xuom BZ¨vw`I e¨envi Kiv hvq| bKkvi †h Ask Kvc‡oi Dci dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z n‡e,
†m Ask eø‡Ki Dc‡i DuPz K‡i †i‡L evwK Ask Mfxifv‡e †K‡U Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j Kvjvi †Uª‡Z hLb eøK
Wzwe‡q Kvc‡o Qvc †`qv n‡e ZLb †Kej bKkvhy³ As‡kiB is Kvc‡o dz‡U DV‡e| Kvc‡o GKvwaK is Gi
wWRvBb Qvcv‡bv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î 1wU i‡Oi Rb¨ wbw`©ó eø‡Ki KvR †kl Kivi ci c‡ii eø‡Ki KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e|
wcÖw›Us †Uwej I Kvjvi †Uª cÖ¯‘Z: eøK wcÖ›U Gi Rb¨ cv_i, wm‡g›U, †jvnv, w÷j wKsev fv‡jv Kv‡Vi ˆZwi gReyZ
†Uwej n‡j myweav nq| †Uwe‡ji Dci K‡qK cÖ¯’ K¤^j wewQ‡q Zvi Dci †Kviv Kvco wcb w`‡q AvUwK‡q w`‡Z nq
hv‡Z Kvco UvbUvb K‡i Qwo‡q _v‡K Ges †Kv‡bv fuvR m„wó bv nq| Qvcvi i‡Oi Rb¨ GKwU Kvjvi †Uª-Gi wb‡P
ivevi K¬_ w`‡q AvUwK‡q Zvi Dci gvcgZ 3-4 †m.wg. cyiæ †dv‡gi UzKiv wewQ‡q w`‡Z nq| Gevi †dv‡gi Ici
GK UzKiv ckwg Kvco ev PU wewQ‡q Zvi Ici is w`‡q eªv‡ki mvnv‡h¨ is Qwo‡q †`qv nq| Qvcvi mgq eøKwU
ckwg Kvco ev P‡U 2/3 evi jvwM‡q cÖK„Z Kvc‡o Qvc †`qv nq| Kv‡Ri †k‡l eøK ay‡q ivL‡Z nq|

eøK ˆZwi ˆZwiK…Z eøK Kvjvi †Uª

wPÎ-15.2.1: eøK Qvcvi wewfbœ miÄvg
mvivsk
eøK Qvcvi Rb¨ KvV, Avjy, †Xuom, ev ¯ú‡Äi eøK, wcÖw›Us †Uwej, Kvjvi †Uª BZ¨vw` miÄv‡gi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-15.2
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| eøK wcÖ‡›U e¨eüZ Kv‡Vi eøK¸‡jvi cyiæZ¡ KZ nIqv DwPZ?
K) 1-2 Bw ev 2.54- 5.08 †m.wg. L) 2-4 Bw ev 5.08-10.16 †m.wg.
M) 3-4 Bw ev 7.62-10.16 †m.wg. N) 4-5 Bw ev 10.16-12.7 †m.wg.
2| BwZnv‡m e¯¿ Qvcvi †Kvb c×wZwU me©cÖ_g e¨eüZ n‡qwQj?
K) eøK Qvcv L) †ivjvi wcÖ›U
M) †÷bwmj wcÖ›U N) w¯Œb wcÖ›U

BDwbU 15 c„ôv 160

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cvV-15.3 eøK Qvcvi c×wZ

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 eøK Qvcvi c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

is cÖ¯‘Z (cÖæwmqvb)- eøK wcÖw›Us Gi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖ¯‘Z is evRv‡i wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq, hv eø‡K
fv‡jvfv‡e jvwM‡q Kvc‡oi Ici Qvc w`‡jB bKkv n‡q hvq| Z‡e is Gi cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvwj Rvbv _vK‡j
wb‡Ri cQ›`gZ is ˆZwi K‡i Kvc‡o Qvc †`qv hvq| GLv‡b cÖæwkqvb †c÷ ˆZwi I Qvcv c×wZ D‡jøL Kiv nj|
†c÷ ˆZwii DcKiY I kZKiv wnmve
cÖæwmqvb is 6%
dzUšÍ Mig cvwb 20%
BDwiqv mvi 3%
Lvevi †mvWv 3%
Kvco KvPvi †mvWv 3%
Mjv‡bv Mvg 62%
†iwR÷ më 1%
wMømvwib 2%
wPÎ- 15.3.1: eøK wcÖw›Us

c×wZ
†c÷ ‰Zwii 24 N›Uv c~‡e©B Avav wjUvi cvwb‡Z 1 †Zvjv dvBb Mvg wgwk‡q ivL‡Z nq| Gici cwi®‹vi cv‡Î
nvjKv Mig cvwb‡Z is ¸‡j BDwiqv mvi, Lvevi †mvWv, Kvco KvPvi †mvWv, ‡iwR÷ më i‡Oi mv‡_ wgwk‡q
ˆZwiK„Z Mv‡gi mv‡_ GKwÎZ Ki‡Z wgkv‡Z n‡e (el©vKv‡j BDwiqv mvi e¨envi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB)| †c÷ ‰Zwi
n‡q †M‡j QvKwbi mvnv‡h¨ †Qu‡K wMømvwib wgwk‡q Kvco wcÖ›U Ki‡Z n‡e| GB †c÷ w`‡q m‡½ m‡½ KvR KivB
DËg| †Kbbv 4 N›Uv ci Gi ¸YMZ gvb bó n‡q hvq| wcÖ›U Kiv n‡q †M‡j Qvqvq Ges wKQzw`b †iv‡` ïKv‡Z
n‡e| cÖæwmqvb i‡O eøK wcÖ›U Kivi ci w÷g I †avjvB Ki‡Z nq| w÷wgs Gi Rb¨ GKwU nuvwo‡Z cvwb †dvUv‡Z
n‡e| Gevi PU w`‡q KvcowU †X‡K nuvwoi Dci GKwU Pvjwb ewm‡q, Zvi Dci KvcowU †i‡L XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K
w÷wgs Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

mvivsk
cwi®‹vi cv‡Î wcÖw›Us †c÷ ˆZwi K‡i wKsev evRvi †_‡K is wK‡b eø‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Kvco wcÖ›U Kivi ci w÷g I
†avjvB Ki‡Z nq| me‡k‡l Qvqvq Ges wKQzw`b †iv‡` ïKv‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-15.3
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| eøK wcÖw›Us Gi cieZx© avc Kx ?
K) Qvqvq ïKv‡bv L) †iv‡` ïKv‡bv
M) Bw¯¿ Kiv N) ay‡q †djv

BDwbU 15 c„ôv 161

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

2| cÖæwmqvb i‡O eøK wcÖ›U Kivi ci Kx Ki‡Z nq?

K) †iv‡` ïKv‡Z nq L) Qvqvq ïKv‡Z nq
M) w÷wgs Ki‡Z nq N) Bw¯¿ Ki‡Z nq

P‚ovš— g~j¨vqb
mswÿß cÖkœ
1| e¯¿ Qvcv I e¯¿ isKiY ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
2| †U·UvBj wcÖw›Us ev e¯¿ Qvcvi c×wZ¸‡jv Kx Kx?
3| e¯¿ Qvcvi wewfbœ c×wZi eY©bv w`b|
4| eøK ˆZwii wbqg eY©bv Kiæb|
5| eøK Qvcvi Rb¨ wcÖw›Us †Uwej Kxfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z nq?
6| Kvjvi †Uª I eøK e¨env‡ii c×wZ wjLyb|

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 15.1 : 1| M 2| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 15.2 : 1| L 2| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 15.3 : 1| K 2| M

BDwbU 15 c„ôv 162