SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF NURSING, ALLIED HEALTH, AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

NURSING DEPARTMENT
LEVEL II

REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE

SUBMITTED BY:
BSN II - E

SUBMITTED TO:
MARILOU PASION
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Research has been the pioneer of developments in various aspects of education all
throughout the years. As times change, the impact of research becomes more profound. This
paper aims to tackle the everlasting impact of research on different fields, such as
universities, nursing, education, student’s academic performance, economy and the society.
This is organized using thematic analysis, clustering all the relevant findings under each
specific theme offering a nuanced understanding of how research drives progress and shapes
our world in multifaceted ways.

University Rankings

Research output heavily influences university rankings, including indicators such as

research reputation, income, productivity, and citations. Research plays a pivotal role in these
rankings, with metrics like research reputation surveys, research income, and research
productivity significantly impacting a university's position (Isufi et al., 2022). Studies show a
strong correlation between research metrics and university rankings. Higher research output
and quality are directly linked to improved rankings (Isufi et al., 2022; Frenken, 2017; ).
Citations, which reflect the influence and reach of a university's research, are particularly
critical for rankings. Higher citation counts generally correlate with higher rankings (Isufi et
al., 2022). Additionally, a strong international presence, which includes diverse research
collaborations, enhances research productivity and positively affects rankings (Borjesön,
2018; Isufi et al., 2022). Overall, research performance, encompassing various metrics,
significantly impacts university rankings. Enhancing research output and quality is crucial for
universities aiming to improve their global standing.

Economy and Society

Nowadays, societies want scientific research to be oriented not only toward the
interests of the academic community but also toward the ways individuals in society work
and live and the paths that governments outline for the future of the planet and humanity
(Spaapen & Sivertsen, 2020).

Khazragui and Hudson (2014) emphasized that stakeholders can formulate a more
inclusive and dynamic research ecosystem by recognizing and valuing the multifarious
advantages of research. This type of ecosystem would foster academic excellence and address
current societal issues. The REF and similar assessment frameworks are beneficial tools for
driving favorable change and innovation through harmonized measures to promote
interdisciplinary collaboration, enhance evaluation methodologies, and align research
incentives with societal demands.

Additionally, Research from UK universities significantly impacts both the economy

and society, influencing areas such as health, public policy, and technological innovation.
This includes contributions to the development of new medical treatments, influencing
legislation, and enhancing public services and environmental practices.

Nursing

To guarantee efficiency in medical practices, improve patient care, and improve

outcomes, the ever-changing world of healthcare requires constant innovation. As frontline
healthcare professionals, nurses are essential to this innovation process. Nursing innovation is
built on research, which helps nurses create, apply, and improve new techniques, procedures,
and technological advancements. (Terkes, et. al., 2019)

Nursing research is essential to producing evidence-based practices that improve

patient care and organizational effectiveness. It allows nurses to challenge accepted practices,
investigate novel concepts, and use systematic investigation to confirm the efficacy of novel
strategies. Through research, nurses can add knowledge that stimulates innovation, improves
patient outcomes, and increases workplace productivity. (Huber, et al., 2019)

According to Abd El-Fattah (2018), several gaps must be filled despite the research's
recognized significance in nursing innovation. First, research findings frequently fall short of
practical applications in clinical settings, which can lead to the underutilization or complete
lack of implementation of innovative practices. Secondly, research in nursing frequently takes
place in isolated silos with little cross-disciplinary collaboration. Third, more
interdisciplinary research could result in more comprehensive and innovative solutions to
healthcare challenges. Fourth, a lack of time, resources, or support prevents many nurses
from actively participating in research, which limits the pool of creative ideas that could be
derived from frontline experiences.

In addition, based on Liston (2019), the nursing profession gains much from research
since it promotes individual and systemic improvements. Evidence-based procedures that
enhance patient outcomes, safety, and satisfaction are the result of research. Research-based
innovations can lower errors and streamline care procedures. Research improves nurses'
knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. It also offers chances for
specialization and professional progression. Research-active nurses frequently assume
leadership positions, promoting policy changes and driving change. This empowerment
increases professional autonomy and job happiness. The research adds to the larger corpus of
medical knowledge, guiding subsequent investigations and resulting in ongoing
improvements in healthcare.

Healthcare improvement largely depends on the interaction between qualified nurses'

innovative thinking and research. Even though there has been much progress, filling in the
current research gaps is essential to harnessing the inventive potential of the nursing
profession. The nursing profession can continue to flourish and set the standard for
innovation in healthcare by promoting an atmosphere conducive to research, offering
sufficient training, and promoting multidisciplinary collaboration. Numerous advantages
result from research, including improved patient care, professional advancement,
organizational enhancement, and general medical knowledge expansion. (Staggers, Gassert,
& Curran, 2002; Liston, 2019)

Education

One of the critical issues of Philippine higher education institutions is taking

responsibility for boosting knowledge creation and application through research to enhance
socio-economic development. Research Abon et al., (2003) claims. Despite the research
promotion efforts of the Commission on Higher Education, better schooling institutions face
challenges in terms of the amount, high-quality, and assistance of studies in sports (Andres,
1991). A survey by Ambrios (2003) pointed out the strengthening of studies networks and
motivating the teachers to participate in studies efforts, given that it affects the research way
of life in better education. In addition, according to Katukula and Kambeyo (2021), research
impact can be challenging to define due to its varied applications. The authors emphasize the
importance of understanding how research influences educational practices, policies, and
overall quality of life.

According to Rymer (2011), research directly affects cultural perspective, values,

wisdom, and skills and education. It enhances the quality of teaching and learning modalities
for every curriculum to align with global trends. Research is then considered as the
foundation of modern educational approaches, policies, and management.

One major obstacle to participatory research in higher education is the impression

among students that research is an added responsibility (Bernardo, 2003). Practitioners
concur on the insufficiency of institutional support and poor financing, among other reasons.
In addition, the absence of a strong research culture among students further burdens the
universities in nurturing a positive research environment.

Any effort to improve teaching capacity in Philippine secondary schools must address
the above challenges. According to Abon et al. (2003) and Lacanaria (2008), higher
education can only have a vibrant research ecosystem when it supports programs that
establish research networks, offer incentives, and foster a friendly learning environment.
Again, Andres (1991) argues that secondary schools in the Philippines will establish
themselves as centers of research and innovation and contribute significantly to the nation's
transformation initiatives if they address such challenges.

The impact of research in education refers to the tangible and intangible benefits that
educational research can bring to society, the economy, and academic fields. This explores
the interconnectedness between research impact and sustainability, the factors influencing
these concepts, and the importance of community engagement and effective knowledge
dissemination in educational research.
 Torres, Simões, and Pinto (2024) from the University of Aveiro emphasize the
significance of research sustainability and its influence on education. They argue that while
sustainability ensures research longevity, the tangible effects on educational practices and
policies are equally important. Traditional bibliometric measures are insufficient,
emphasizing the need for alternative evaluation tools that better capture research outcomes.
Community participation, funding, and effective monitoring are required to determine
sustainability and impact. The authors point out significant gaps in our understanding of how
these elements interact in education and advocate for comprehensive evaluation methods that
prioritize meaningful outcomes over simplistic metrics, ensuring that research endures and
advances education.

Aside from that, this includes the improvement in the educational practices with the
use of the development of different innovative teaching methods and the enhanced teaching
strategies that contribute to better student learning outcomes and learning experiences. It is
also revealed in the study of Katukula and Kambeyo (2021), that research contributes to the
development of critical skills and knowledge among students and educators. The study
revealed that research informs innovative teaching methods, enhancing the educational
experience.

It also involves shaping as well as shaping the educational policies that lead to more
effective and equitable education systems at local, national and international levels. In
addition, according to Katukula and Kambeyo (2021), it drives policy changes, aligning
educational standards with global trends.

It fosters cultural norms and values essential for societal development (Katukula &
Kambeyo, 2021). Torres, Simões, and Pinto (2024) also mentioned that effective research
also entails active community engagement which ensures that the research addresses
challenges and that its findings are accessible and beneficial to educators, policymakers and
the broader community.

Moreover, educational research shapes teaching methods, with two main approaches:
student-centered and teacher-centered. Student-centered methods, supported by Dewey,
Bruner, and Piaget, encourage active learning and knowledge construction (Katukula, 2018).
Teacher-centered methods, favored for basic education, provide structured guidance for
memory retention (Kirschner et al., 2006). Despite a global shift towards student-centered
approaches, teacher-centered practices persist in places like Finland and Namibia (Clark et
al., 2012). Research on both methods continues to influence educational policy and standards,
ultimately aiming to improve learning outcomes.

On the other hand, the study of Katukula and Kambeyo (2021), reviewed the impact
of research in education systematically concentrating on three main areas. These included the
impact of research on teaching approaches, education policy, and education management. It
can be argued that the study has met its purpose as it is concerned with the critical analysis of
the impact of research in education, specifically in basic education.
 According to Brauer (2023) the end-product view (research for practical purposes) of
research is characterized by which literature constitutes part of the teaching canon as a
political act. Meanwhile, individuals that depart from the process view (students benefit as
the primary focus of pedagogy) usually stress that course literature only represents the
entrance into a wider body of knowledge that the students subsequently ought to explore by
themselves and come to their own conclusions. Perhaps, an emphasis of mainstream
education on impact and student result, although usually interpreted in terms of
employability, aligns closer with the end-product view logic rather than with the process view
logic. Understanding the subtleties and potential contradictions between Lehrfreiheit
(freedom to teach) and Lernfreiheit (freedom to learn) and how it relates to impact represents
part of what constitutes the “higher” in Higher Education. In addition to this, the focus on end
goals and process-focused approaches in research education has significant implications. End
goal focus prioritizes measurable outcomes, while process focus emphasizes critical thinking,
problem-solving skills, and a deep understanding of the research process. Process focus
encourages students to explore, question, and innovate without immediate pressure to
produce specific results. This can lead to stress and discourage risk-taking and creativity.
Assessment and evaluation methods are often quantitative, focusing on tangible achievements
and short-term gains. Institutions that value the research process may provide more support
for faculty to mentor students in developing research skills and thinking critically. This
approach can lead to more groundbreaking discoveries and long-term advancements in the
field, fostering an environment where failure is seen as a learning opportunity. Balancing the
focus between end goals and the research process is crucial for the future of research
education.

To broaden what is being said above, according to Dr. Jane Doe (2019) study is to
explore the symbiotic relationship between nursing informatics and research. Specifically, the
authors aim at offering practical examples of how informatics tools enhance different
research activities including data collection and sharing findings ('Insert Citation'). Dr Doe’s
main objective is to emphasize the importance of research among learners.The goal is to
demonstrate how research impacts curriculum development, policy decisions and successful
teaching strategies. Researchers who aggregate information effectively practice data-driven.
The research capabilities have been made better through combining artificial intelligence
(AI), alongside machine learning (ML). At the institutional and governmental levels,
educational policies are affected by findings of the research. These practices used do lead to
increased retention rates, better educational quality and improved student outcomes as well.
Good or quality teaching methodologies have always been improved as a result of research
into pedagogy, learning environments and teacher preparation. Knowledge is shared and new
educational approaches are born when academic institutions do research together.

Wiljan van den Akker and Jack Spaapen (2024) analyze the evolving concept of societal
impact within academia, mainly focusing on LERU universities, in their paper "Productive
Interactions: Societal Impact of Academic Research in the Knowledge Society." They note a
shift toward recognizing multiple pathways and methods for evaluating research impact
beyond traditional metrics such as bibliometrics and peer review. Emphasizing the
importance of direct and indirect interactions between researchers and stakeholders, the
authors advocate for a flexible, process-oriented assessment system. They argue that
demonstrating societal impact is integral to universities' missions and call on governments,
policymakers, and funders to support this dynamic and comprehensive approach to impact
assessment.

Publishing research encourages proactive engagement among researchers, leading to a

cascade effect in addressing societal challenges. Graduate students significantly influence
lower-year students' ideas and contribute to recognizing researchers' efforts, especially in
areas like policy influences and technological innovations. Scholars and policymakers
emphasize the importance of university research tackling real-world problems, shifting focus
from scientific excellence to societal impact. Frameworks like the British REF and similar
ones worldwide require demonstrating societal contributions through case studies. Altmetrics
and productive interactions with stakeholders are key pathways for assessing societal impact,
alongside differentiating between direct impact and engagement in challenges. Policymakers
should actively support research addressing societal issues.

According to a study by Chamely-Wiik, et al., the impact of the intensity of

undergraduate research in successful student outcomes is discussed. In the words of Gilmore
et al. (2015), graduate students with undergraduate research experience had greater skill in
obtaining pre-existing literature, developing valid hypotheses, and choosing, evaluating, and
presenting data (Gilmore, et al. 2015). Greater skill in these aspects make their studies
become more successful and thorough. Students with experience in undergraduate research
have significantly greater GPAs upon graduation compared to students without experience.
Graduate school advancement is considerably more likely for experienced researchers than
for novice or non-researching students. Experienced STEM research students are also more
likely to advance to graduate school compared with their non-STEM counterparts.
Comparing the experienced and novice researchers to the control group, the experienced
students displayed a noticeably shorter time to graduate.

Students' Academic Performance

Undergraduate research experiences (URE) enhance academic achievement and

contribute to the development of essential skills such as analytical thinking, communication,
and collaboration (Bangera & Brownell, 2017). With this, URE engages students in scientific
inquiry, problem-solving, and critical thinking within academic settings (Laursen et al.,
2010), leading to a high-impact practice that aims to cultivate students' research skills, foster
intellectual curiosity, and deepen their understanding of disciplinary content. Furthermore,
URE has positively impacted student engagement, motivation, and persistence in STEM
disciplines, particularly in community college environments where diverse student
populations often encounter unique challenges in accessing research opportunities. In the
study "An Investigation of the Impact of Research-led Education on Student Learning and
Understandings of Research", it is also revealed that incorporating research into coursework
significantly impacted students' academic performance by enhancing their engagement and
understanding of the subject matter. Research-based learning projects allowed them to
develop critical research skills, improve their ability to analyze and evaluate information, and
foster a deeper understanding of the course content. (Jiang & Roberts, 2011). Another study
made by Collins et al., in 2020, also backed this up, further adding that GPAs of students
engaged with research have had significant improvements, advocating that students invest
more in early exposure to research.

The impact of research on students' academic performance is profound. As evidenced

by the body of literature on undergraduate research experiences (URE), URE not only fosters
student development and academic achievement but also enhances their knowledge, skills,
and passion for discovery and innovation (Bangera & Brownell, 2017; Linn et al., 2018).
Similar to that, research activities increase students’ enjoyment and ownership of the
learning process, making students feel more integral to their education. (Jiang & Roberts,
2011).

UREs offer students hands-on research opportunities beyond traditional classroom

learning, helping them deepen subject knowledge and develop vital skills like
problem-solving and communication, which are sought after in the workforce. Integrating
UREs into undergraduate curricula promotes engagement and practical learning, while
mentorship and support are crucial for maximizing student benefits. Efforts to promote
diversity and inclusion ensure equitable access to these transformative experiences.

The implementation of research resulted in high academic achievement among

students, with a notable percentage scoring well on tests. This indicates that research can
effectively contribute to students achieving high academic standards. Also, it revealed
positive outcomes in terms of student motivation. Most students reported a conducive
learning atmosphere and demonstrated proactive engagement in learning activities
(Sumbawati & Anistyasari, 2018). Additionally, collaborative research efforts, particularly
international collaborations, have been shown to enhance the quality and visibility of research
outputs, further enriching students' academic experiences (Aldieri et al., 2017). However, it is
also found that a few students noted that the research approach did not align with their
learning styles, suggesting a need for diverse teaching strategies to accommodate different
preferences. (Jiang & Roberts, 2011).

Another research conducted here in the Philippines aimed to evaluate the extent of
research culture in the College of Business and Accountancy Department at the University of
Cebu and how it affects the student’s academic performance under the undergraduate
programs in this department. According to Anderson et al. (2013), research culture includes
how we assess, encourage, and reward high-quality research as well as how we recognize
diverse contributions to research endeavors and support different academic careers. How an
organization handles research integrity, encompassing formal and informal ethics, standards,
protocols, and rules that researchers adhere to in their surroundings, is a crucial component of
research culture. Thus, improving research culture doesn't require a large financial or time
commitment. Organizations all across the world now have better research cultures thanks to
integrity-related reforms. These include straightforward tactics like creating informal avenues
of communication to create a positive atmosphere, admitting successes and "failures" to
integrate research integrity into institutional culture, and mandating that senior administrators
and research leaders establish an example (McRoy et al., 2012).

Higher education in the Philippines puts a high value on student research, as

demonstrated by the extensive written assignments or theses that are required of students at
the completion of many programs. Research-based learning can also be integrated into
curricula to foster higher-order learning to improve students' academic performance.

The University of Cebu College of Business and Accountancy closely adhered to the
establishment of a research culture; nonetheless, significant outcomes and an impact on
students' academic performance must be talked about. College students are not familiar with
this topic, so strategies, policies, and guidelines need to be developed to assist them. Jiranek
(2010) asserts that the useful and applicable conclusion of understudy research is becoming
more and more significant for managers, funding agencies, colleges, and students alike.
Finally, research is essential to the economic and social advancement of our globalized
society. The knowledge produced by research serves as the basis for rational developments,
so knowledge must be advanced, turned into applications, and disseminated to ensure broad
advantages (Kearney, 2016).

The study's conclusions showed that the department had implemented and adhered to
the right procedures for carrying out what was required to produce high-quality research
outputs. The department's requirement for a positive research output has set a good example
for the institution. Financial incentives do not serve as a motivating factor for students'
research output. The study also showed that students' academic achievement is positively
impacted by research culture. Students' capacity to conceptualize the knowledge they gain
from their academic subjects serves as evidence of it. According to statistics, research
curriculum design, institutional programs, and departmental research activities all have a
significant influence on students' academic performance; however, the styles, contributions,
and emphasis of each variable vary. Additionally, the study found that differences in
students' course-specific academic performance were noted. Students in the management
accounting program and the accounting program had mixed opinions about how the research
culture affected their academic performance. The results also indicate a lack of emphasis on
research culture in these programs. To instill the value of research findings in academia and
business, an intervention is necessary. The study came to the conclusion that students'
academic performance can be strongly impacted by the research culture that is embodied in
the department, institutions, and research curriculum designs. Furthermore, the research
culture of the College of Business and Accountancy influences the performance of various
courses in different ways. This indicates that in order to strengthen student learning
methodologies, it is necessary to emphasize and clarify the significance of having an efficient
and effective research culture (Poliquit, 2022).
 Moreover, a study conducted by Gu et al., evaluates the influence of Research
Schools (RSs) in Opportunity Areas (OAs) on students’ academic performance. Over a
three-year period, funded by the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF), the study found
that nearly three-quarters of respondents reported changes in their teaching practice due to RS
engagement, with senior leaders more likely to report such changes. These changes were
driven by the use of research-based evidence in professional practice. Despite the expansion
of RS, they reach through e-newsletters and CPD programmes, the majority of engaged
schools were outside OAs, and the ‘Matthew Effect’ was observed, with higher performing
schools more likely to participate. Nonetheless, the RS initiatives played a crucial role in
fostering an evidence-informed culture and improving collaborations, which are essential for
sustained academic performance improvements. The research marks a significant
advancement in understanding the effectiveness and potential of the Research Schools
Programme in addressing educational disparities, particularly in Opportunity Areas. The
findings have profound implications for educational policy and practice, emphasizing the
necessity of continued investment in initiatives that enable educational institutions and
stakeholders to implement meaningful changes and create equitable opportunities for all
students. The programmes were particularly effective in attracting socioeconomically
disadvantaged students, suggesting a positive impact on student outcomes in the contexts.

On the contrary, in a study conducted by Cabral, A.R., & Huet. I.,(2011) examines the
increasing separation between teaching and research within higher education institutions,
particularly in the UK. The study highlights the increasing gap between teaching and research
in higher education institutions, due to the emphasis on research quality in evaluation
systems. This emphasis has resulted in a degrading of teaching, which is detrimental to the
development of new teaching approaches and student learning results. The authors argue for
higher investment in teaching to reach parity with research and improve the overall quality of
education.

Undergraduate Education

Intensive undergraduate research experiences play a crucial role in fostering student

success, evident in higher graduating GPAs and increased likelihood of progression to
graduate school. Therefore, it is imperative for universities to implement diverse research
initiatives to effectively support students in achieving their academic and professional goals.
(Chamely-Wiik et al., 2023). Also, research experiences in undergraduate education stimulate
intellectual curiosity and deepen students' understanding of disciplinary content, fostering a
passion for exploring new knowledge areas through scientific inquiry and critical thinking.
Implementing research-based techniques such as research-based learning is essential for
holistic student development and success in higher education and beyond since this
engagement extends beyond academic accomplishment to encompass improved motivation,
skill development, and job readiness.(Sumbawati & Anistyasari., 2018). Incorporating
research into undergraduate programs has been demonstrated to increase student engagement,
enhance critical thinking skills, and improve problem-solving abilities while also fostering a
deeper understanding of the subject matter. By transitioning from being passive recipients to
active participants, students become more invested in their respective fields. Moreover, it
equips them with practical skills that allow them to connect with professionals and enhance
their employability, thereby improving their chances of being admitted to master's degree
programs. As Thompson (2022) noted, universities should aim to become research-focused
institutions to sustain high-quality education for all members, as research offers both
academic and professional advantages to students.

A study written by Brew, et al explores how the involvement of academic research

contributes to undergraduate education. In the study, they examined the undergraduate
students’ perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of learning from research. The study was
able to integrate research and teaching as an essential to university education, however was
not able to identify why research-active academics do not integrate their research into their
teaching. Moreover, the study did not acknowledge the effects of casualization on a key issue
raised by some participants in our study: the need for academics to balance teaching, student
contact and research. (Hajdarpasic et al., 2013) The findings suggest that students perceive
significant benefits from being taught by research-active academics, including enhanced
understanding of their subject, increased enthusiasm for learning, greater motivation for
postgraduate studies, and development of professional skills. and a more enriched educational
experience.

Knowledge of Students and Instructors

Research has brought impact on the knowledge of the students and instructors because
scientific inquiry and higher education work hand in hand. Wenke & Mickan (2018) suggest
that the research positions that provide academic support to individual clinicians and their
teams, while developing their own research projects contributes to capacity building at a
service and organizational level. Positive changes from these research positions was reported
via increased individual research skills and participation and research outputs, improvements
in research culture, attitudes, and team and organizational level skills.

In a similar study, Abbasy et al. (2012) highlight the crucial relationship between
research and higher education, advocating for their seamless integration within the learning
process. The authors stress that research plays a pivotal role in addressing current societal
challenges and improving learning outcomes in higher education. Moreover, the study
emphasizes research's role in enhancing instructors' expertise and teaching effectiveness,
which is essential in our rapidly evolving world where innovative solutions are necessary for
complex issues. Research helps instructors stay current in their fields and use research
findings to improve their teaching methods. Future researchers can explore additional factors,
such as fostering discussion, questioning assumptions, fostering critical thinking, generating
new inquiries, and enhancing institutional decision-making that contributes to the betterment
of higher education.
 For the findings, the paper “The Impact and Influence of Research on Higher
Education” by Majid Bayani Abbasy, Gisselle Herrera Morera, and Aryana Zardkoohi Burgos
highlights the significant relationship between conducting research activities and higher
education. It reveals numerous insights into how research impacts and improves the
knowledge and educational experiences of both students and instructors. The results
demonstrate that the high rate of interviewees (88%) consider that researching increases the
new questions and scientific challenge (critical thinking) and significantly enhances the
lecturer's knowledge. The results showed that 80% of instructors who were interviewed agree
that including research in their didactical materials helps them to keep up to date. The same
percentage considered that the didactic investigation can improve collaboration in the
learning process. (Abbasy et al., 2012)

Moreover, the integration of research activities in higher education has been shown to
foster lifelong learning among students and instructors. Students develop critical thinking and
problem-solving skills essential for their academic and professional growth by engaging in
research. Instructors also benefit from incorporating research into their teaching, as it allows
them to stay current with advancements in their fields, thereby enhancing the overall quality
of education they provide.

Furthermore, the collaborative aspect of research promotes a sense of community and

shared purpose among students and faculty. This collaborative environment encourages
exchanging ideas and knowledge, leading to innovative solutions and a deeper understanding
of the subject matter. As a result, institutions that prioritize research activities often see
improved educational outcomes and higher student and faculty satisfaction levels.

These findings underscore the importance of integrating research into the curriculum
and providing ample opportunities for students and instructors to engage in research
activities. By doing so, higher education institutions can cultivate an environment that
supports continuous learning, innovation, and academic excellence.

The study reveals an effective and beneficial connection between research and higher
education. Research fosters collaboration, exchange of information, and the growth of critical
thinking and problem-solving abilities in addition to improving teaching and learning
processes. Implementing research findings into instructional techniques is still an essential
factor in achieving goals of academic excellence and developing an ongoing improvement
culture in higher education.

Furthermore, Sacre et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional study exploring the

impact of research integration into teaching on the perceived quality of teaching among
university students in Lebanon. The study aimed to describe students’ perception of research
integration into teaching, linking research, academic, and professional skills to quality
teaching using validated scales related to these concepts. The study found that research-active
instructors were perceived to have higher teaching quality than their non-active counterparts,
particularly among postgraduate and higher GPA students. These findings are consistent with
previous studies highlighting the effectiveness of a research-based system as a learning
strategy for students in many disciplines. Using tools like the Student Perception of Research
Integration Questionnaire (SPRIQ) and the Adapted-Teachers’ Quality Assessment
Questionnaire (A-TQAQ), data from 445 students indicated a generally positive perception of
research integration and teaching quality, especially among those from higher socioeconomic
backgrounds, health majors, and females. While the study had limitations like the study's
timing during the first semester may limit students' perception and understanding of research
and teaching, it still indicates a positive correlation between students' knowledge and attitude
towards research and their perception of teaching quality. These findings suggest that
incorporating research into curricula can enhance teaching quality and student engagement in
research activities, guide educational policy decisions, lead to higher GPAs, and serve as a
stronghold for future careers.

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