ICIEHI

International Conference on Islam, Economy, and Halal Industry

Volume 2020

Conference Paper

Analysis of Atittude factors Toward

Entrepreneurial Intention in Indonesian
Dedi Iskamto1 and Jenita2
1
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Riau, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim, Indonesia

Abstract
Entrepreneurship not only reduces unemployment, but also improves national
economies. This study aims to determine whether the attitude factor influences the
entrepreneurial intentions of students in the city of Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The research
uses a quantitative approach with SPSS 23 software as a data analysis tool. There
were 224 respondents, comprised of students from three tertiary institutions. The
results suggest that Perceived Confidence correlated with entrepreneurial intent means
strong, meaningful and unidirectional while the Security and Work Load implies less
strong, and not unidirectional.

Corresponding Author: Keywords: Attitude factors, Entrepreneur Intention, Perceived Confidence, Security
Dedi Iskamto and Work Load,
Deditaba@gmail.com

Received: 2 May 2020

Accepted: 4 July 2020
Published: 14 July 2020

Publishing services provided by 1. Introduction

Knowledge E

Dedi Iskamto and Jenita. This

Research on students’ intentions to choose an entrepreneurial career is important for
article is distributed under the Indonesia to help the country in providing unemployment solutions. Educated young
terms of the Creative Commons
entrepreneurs can also help the country in economic improvement 1. The aim of this
Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use and research is to analyze the attitude factors, which consist of Perceptions of Trust and
redistribution provided that the
safety and workload on entrepreneurial intentions of university students. Growing the
original author and source are
credited.
entrepreneurial spirit of young people is an alternative way to encourage being an
entrepreneur who is able to start his own business 2,3.
Selection and Peer-review under
the responsibility of the ICIEHI Competition in industry is getting harder today. An entrepreneur not only enthuses but
Conference Committee.
also has sufficient analytical skills. According to Khan et al. (2019) an entrepreneur wants
intellectual property. Youth entrepreneur growth needs to be aimed at trained youth
groups. Young people who are prospective college graduates need to be motivated
and creative aspirations need to be promoted, is still a issue which requires further
research 4.
One of the factors driving an entrepreneurial development in a nation is the intro-
duction of entrepreneurial education 5. The university is responsible for training its

How to cite this article: Dedi Iskamto and Jenita, (2020), “Analysis of Atittude factors Toward Entrepreneurial Intention in Indonesian” in International
Conference on Islam, Economy, and Halal Industry, KnE Social Sciences, pages 483–491. DOI 10.18502/kss.v4i9.7346
Page 483
 ICIEHI

students and supplying them with entrepreneurial skills and the ability to choose
entrepreneurship as their profession 6. Based onto the analysis that higher education
has motivated graduates to become businessmen, as higher education offers the
opportunity to build industry conceptually in addition to the supportive factors. 7.
According to universities, specific curriculum strategies for entrepreneurship based
on academic feedback need to be applied to empower young people with expertise
that can help inspire the enthusiasm of young people to become entrepreneurs. The
question of how to promote entrepreneurial motivation among young people and what
factors affect young people’s motivation or decision to choose a business career after
graduation is still a problem and needs further research (Parvaneh Gelard, 2011).

2. Review of Literatur

The entrepreneurial purpose can be viewed as an initial phase in the typically long-
term cycle of developing a company (Lee & Wong, 2004). According to Krueger (1993),
entrepreneurial intent represents one’s commitment to beginning a new company and
is a key topic that needs to be addressed when considering the entrepreneurship
phase of setting up a new company. Entrepreneurial motives have recently begun to
be questioned because a behaviour-related intention was assumed to be a result of
the actual behavior. It is assumed in the expected behavior hypothesis (Fishbein &
Ajzen, 1985) that influences such as beliefs, social expectations can affect one’s actions
and then directly influence behaviour. Hence an idea of one’s intention to enterprise
(entrepreneurial purpose) may reflect people’s propensity to create a company in real
terms ( Jenkins & Johnson, 1997).
entrepreneurial intentions as a state of mind which directs a person’s attention
and action towards self-employment rather than being an employee (Bird, 1988). Per
this concept, entrepreneurial ambitions are very important as they can be a powerful
indicator not just of entrepreneurial behavior, such as being a self-employed individual
or beginning a firm, but also of client results. According to Krueger & Brazeal (1994),
entrepreneurial intent represents one’s dedication to beginning a new company and
when addressing the strategic cycle of starting a business. Planned behavioral the-
ory Ajzen (1991) suggests that variables such as perceptions, social expectations can
influence one’s actions and therefore impact behavior directly. Some of the theories

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of attitudes needed in Ajzen’s theory of planning actions are linked to young peo-
ple’s entrepreneurial intentions. The attitude elements found in TPB include auton-
omy/authority, economic difficulties, self-realization, and presumed trust, protection &
workload, commitment avoidance, and social profession.
Internal influences coming from inside entrepreneurs can be in the form of personal
traits, personalities, motivation and unique abilities that can provide additional power
to entrepreneurship while external factors come from beyond the entrepreneur, and
can be in the form of elements from the local world such as family climate, business
atmosphere, physical environment, and others (Delmar, 1996). Many studies have also
shown that socio-demographic influences will promote the emergence of one’s purpose
to business. The analyzed socio-demographic factors include class, aged 8,11 and
family history 11,12. In philosophy it is assumed that supplying people from an early
age with knowledge and business opportunities will improve one’s capacity for being
an entrepreneur. Various tests have shown evidence confirming this assertion (Gerry
et al., 2008; Mohamed, Rezai, Nasir Shamsudin, & Mu’az Mahmud, 2012). In parallel
to schooling and entrepreneurship expertise, funding for academic support (financial
assistance), social welfare and the business climate 2,13
According to Kozubíková, Belás, Bilan, & Bartoš, (2015) For personality traits such as
the need for success, the locus of influence, imagination and ingenuity, the engagement
in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Refer to 14 (2005) and 15 Risk appetite,
viability, and desirability expected significant entrepreneurial intentions. Community
history has been discovered to have beneficial impact, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial
aims. while, study by Singh & Prasad (2016) Find the entrepreneurial goals were not
differentiated from the background of a family company or the employee. Sensitivity,
extroversion and open-mindedness are also closely related to entrepreneurial intentions
11. Found by Ali (2016) That mindset toward an entrepreneur; assumed regulation of
behavior and arbitrary expectations is positively related to entrepreneurial intent.
Gelard & Saleh (2011) claimed that the institutional, scientific, formal and informal
networks supported entrepreneurial intent. Santoso & Oetomo’s (2016) Studies have
found that self-efficacy has little effect on entrepreneurship, but that entrepreneurship
and information technology have an impact on entrepreneurship. While the contextual
factors which have received adequate attention from researchers are academic support,
social support and circumstances of market climate 19. Sex, academic achievement and
family background among contextual variables have a major impact on career intention;
people with an entrepreneurial family background are more likely to have business

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career intention (Kothari, 2013; Mohamed, Rezai, Nasir Shamsudin, & Mu’az Mahmud,
2012).
In a Cruz (2015) research it was found that behavioral factors that affect
entrepreneurial intentions. Krueger and Brazeal further clarified that entrepreneurial
intent represents a person’s dedication to beginning a company based on the pres-
ence of a personal driving force, namely mindset, social atmosphere that influences
normative standards, and one’s sociology in managing actions towards an case. Thus
an awareness of entrepreneurial purpose may represent the propensity of a person to
have entrepreneurial intentions and start up a real company.

3. Research Framework

This model was shown in Figure 1. To know the connection between Atittude toward
Entrepreneur Intention.

Figure 1: Framework of research.

4. Methodologi

This research used quantitative method and used SPPS 23 to analyze the data. The
population of this research is university student in the city of Pekanbaru, Indonesia. It
are from the Riau College of Economics (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Riau), Prakarti
Mulia College of Economics (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Prakarti Mulia), Pelita Indonesi
College of Economics (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Prakarti Mulia). The young people
are young people at the Degre level. The distribution of the questionnaire in the study
was selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The number of respondents
successfully gathered was 224.

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5. Result and Discussion

5.1. Data Responden

respondents’ identity in Table 1 below indicates that there were 93 or 42.9 percent
male participants and 124 or 57.1 percent female participants. While for the most of ages
participant between of 18 years and 28 years as many as 95.4%, while the age between
29 years and 39 years is only 10 or 4.6%.
TABLE 1: Demography.

5.2. Realbility and Validity

The validity test just using the the modified item-total correlation method. It has shown
that all items being used for this research are valid, which is indicated for each item by
the calculated r value hingher than 0.6. And all things from analytical variables should
be used in subsequent data analysis.
Table 3 bellow shows that the effects of the reliability check are dependent on
the Cronbach Alpha (α) score, which suggested that all the variables tested met the
Cronbach Alpha (α) reliability factor higher than 0.60 21.

5.3. Normality Test

Normality Test: Since scientists want to use inferential statistics in this research, the nor-
mality test was performed as their prerequisite) By using Kolmogorov-Smoivor statistics
and Shapiro-Wilk statistics Paland (2007), it demonstrates that the information gathered
were not usually distributed. The outcome is shown in Table 4 below.
The p-value (p < 0.05) on the Shapiro-Wilk statistics report in Table 4 indicates that
the obtained information violates the hypothesis of normality distribution. Pallant (2007)
suggested using non-parametric method rather than parametric method evaluation due
to the breach of normality distribution. Therefore, to verify the correlation between
independent variables and dependent variable, Spearman’s correlation was introduced.

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TABLE 2: Validaty

Item Validity Mean Std.

Deviation
Entrepreneurial Intention
Would rather be an entrepreneur than an .7778 4.172 .6989
employee of a company
choose a career as an entrepreneur after .7684 4.506 .6439
graduation
Make a preparations to become an entrepreneur. .7686 4.108 .7959
Family will consider my decision to become an .7688 4.171 .6989
entrepreneur as right
Would rather be an entrepreneur than an .7675 4.045 .7791
employee of a company
Security And Work Load .
I believe I will be successful if I run an entrepreneur .7681 4.366 .7425
(start my own business)
I have the skills required to succeed as an .7671 4.004 .7657
entrepreneur
I have the skills to succeed as an entrepreneur .7676 4.022 .8002
Perceived Confidence .
I Want a stable job .7696 3.981 .9998
I choose a job that has definite hours .7675 3.923 1.0738
I Want a job that does not work overtime .7693 3.461 1.2879
I Want a job that does not cause stress .7673 4.045 1.0607

TABLE 3: Reliability Statistics

Cronbach’s Alpha N of Items

.760 12

TABLE 4: Normality Tests

Kolmogorov-Smirnov𝑎 Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Entrepreneur Intention .154 217 .000 .937 217 .000
Perceived Confidence .137 217 .000 .950 217 .000
Security And Work Load .083 217 .001 .980 217 .004
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

5.4. Correlation Analysis

Spearman Rank Correlation is used to identify relationships or to measure the impor-

tance of associative hypotheses if each of the linked factors is Ordinal
Spearman’s assessment of correlation is capable of measuring the strength and
connection between two factors. Table 5 above demonstrates the outcome of the

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TABLE 5: Spearman’s Correlations Result

Variable Spearman’s Correlations rho p

Entrepreneur Intention 1 .000
∗∗
Perceived Confidence .756 .000
Security And Work Load -.145 .000
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

correlation of the spearman at the rate of 1 percent meaning. Since all the correla-
tion between 2 independent variables and single dependent variable is above 0.4,
although one independent variable shows negative but the result less than (-1), this
demonstrates that Perceived Confidence correlated with entrepreneurial intent means
strong, meaningful and unidirectional while the Security And Work Load implies less
strong, and not unidirectional. These results are consistent with the research conducted
by Suharti & Sirine (2012).

6. Conclusion

From the effect of the correlation it can be seen that Perceived Confidence in Indonesia
has a strong correlation with the entrepreneur’s purpose. Although perceived confi-
dence associated with entrepreneurial intention means stretchy, meaningful and unidi-
rectional, while Security and Work Load result minus means implies less solid, mean-
ingful and not unidirectional, means entrepreneurial intention was not satisfied with
Security and Work Load.

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