“Parsing religiosity and intention to use Islamic mobile banking in Indonesia”

Sulis Riptiono
Dewi Noor Susanti
AUTHORS Intan Muliana Rhamdhani
Ade Irma Anggraeni
Anton Prasetyo

Sulis Riptiono, Dewi Noor Susanti, Intan Muliana Rhamdhani, Ade Irma
Anggraeni and Anton Prasetyo (2021). Parsing religiosity and intention to use
ARTICLE INFO
Islamic mobile banking in Indonesia. Banks and Bank Systems, 16(4), 34-44.
doi:10.21511/bbs.16(4).2021.04

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(4).2021.04

RELEASED ON Wednesday, 03 November 2021

RECEIVED ON Friday, 13 March 2020

ACCEPTED ON Tuesday, 23 March 2021

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ISSN PRINT 1816-7403

ISSN ONLINE 1991-7074

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© The author(s) 2021. This publication is an open access article.

businessperspectives.org
Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

Sulis Riptiono (Indonesia), Dewi Noor Susanti (Indonesia), Intan Muliana Rhamdhani
(Indonesia), Ade Irma Anggraeni (Indonesia), Anton Prasetyo (Indonesia)

Parsing religiosity and

BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES
LLC “СPС “Business Perspectives” intention to use Islamic
Hryhorii Skovoroda lane, 10,
Sumy, 40022, Ukraine mobile banking in Indonesia
www.businessperspectives.org
Abstract
Although mobile banking is one of the online banking services that makes it easy for
consumers to conduct financial transactions, research on Islamic mobile banking in
developing countries with a Muslim majority is still relatively insignificant. Not all
Muslim consumers are interested in or intend to use conventional mobile banking
services. Therefore, the aim of this study is to integrate the TAM theory and the con-
struct of religiosity to examine consumer intentions to use Islamic mobile banking
services. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire of 482 Muslim consum-
ers in Indonesia using convenience sampling techniques. The collected data were then
Received on: 13th of March, 2020 analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM-AMOS). The results of this study
Accepted on: 23rd of March, 2021 showed that perceived ease of use cannot influence the perceived usefulness and at-
Published on: 3rd of November, 2021 titudes of variables towards Islamic mobile banking. While perceived usefulness has
been proven to influence attitudes toward Islamic mobile banking and may be the
© Sulis Riptiono, Dewi Noor Susanti, largest contributor to increased intentions to use Islamic mobile banking. On the other
Intan Muliana Rhamdhani, Ade Irma hand, this study reveals that the influence of religiosity can positively and significantly
Anggraeni, Anton Prasetyo, 2021 foster consumer sensibility and intention to use Islamic mobile banking.

Sulis Riptiono, Ph.D., Assistant Keywords Islamic bank, mobile banking, attitude, religiosity,
Professor, Faculty of Economics, Muslim consumer
Management Department,
Universitas Putra Bangsa, Indonesia.
(Corresponding author) JEL Classification M10, M31, O30
Dewi Noor Susanti, Msc, Lecturer,
Faculty of Economics, Management
Department, Universitas Putra Bangsa,
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia.
Intan Muliana Rhamdhani, Msc, The development of information and communication technology is
Lecturer, Faculty of Economics, growing very rapidly, such as the Internet and wireless technologies,
Management Department, Universitas
Putra Bangsa, Indonesia. which has revolutionized human life in both business and non-busi-
Ade Irma Anggraeni, Ph.D., Associate ness sectors. One of the business sectors that has changed drastically
Professor, Faculty of Economics and due to technological advances is the banking business sector (Johar &
Business, Management Department,
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Suhartanto, 2019); this is to improve the ability of banks to provide
Indonesia.
comfort, service quality, and speed of service to customers. In addi-
Anton Prasetyo, Msc, Lecturer, tion, the purpose of adopting banking technologies is to create com-
Faculty of Economics, Management
Department, Universitas Putra Bangsa, petitive advantage and attract new customers (Raza et al., 2018). This
Indonesia.
innovation is able to present a standardization of banking products
and services in the form of innovation in the financial sector, known
as mobile banking or M-banking (Mohammadi, 2015). Mobile bank-
ing is an innovative method of accessing banking services and prod-
ucts such as checking balances, bill payments, money transfers, ac-
count management, and other financial transaction activities through
mobile phones anytime and anywhere (Muzurura & Chigora, 2019).
This is an Open Access article,
distributed under the terms of the The evolution of mobile banking does not only occur in the conven-
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International license, which permits tional banking industry but also in Islamic banking. In countries with
unrestricted re-use, distribution, and a Muslim majority population, they have a tendency to choose banking
reproduction in any medium, provided
the original work is properly cited. that is in accordance with Islamic law (Lee & Ullah, 2011; Mbawuni
Conflict of interest statement: & Nimako, 2018) such as in Indonesia (Nurhayati & Hendar, 2019).
Author(s) reported no conflict of interest Generally, conventional and sharia mobile banking services have the

34 http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(4).2021.04
 Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

same characteristics, but in different contexts. For example, lottery payments, speculative elements and
gambling managed through mobile banking are strictly prohibited under Islamic law. Islamic banking
plays a very important role in accelerating economic growth or improving people’s welfare (Khan &
Bhatti, 2008). During its development, banking products are not only used by Muslims but also by many
non-Muslims who have used them (Ringim, 2014), such as Islamic mobile banking.

Islamic banks provide Islamic mobile banking services to customers to facilitate financial transactions
based on sharia principles that can be accessed via smartphones, such as mobile laptops, mobile devices,
PDAs, tablets (e.g. iPad), and others (Goh & Sun, 2014; Raza et al., 2018). In the context of Islamic bank-
ing, previous research has shown that one of the important factors that directs customers to choose
Islamic banks is religiosity (Echchabi & Aziz, 2012; Johar & Suhartanto, 2019). Consequently, religi-
osity is a major consideration for consumers to increase their intention to use Islamic mobile bank-
ing. Several previous studies conducted by Mohammadi (2015), Leon (2019), Singh and Sinha (2020)
revealed that consumers’ intention to adopt mobile banking can be measured using the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM). Furthermore, the aim of this study was to identify the antecedents of con-
sumer intentions to adopt Islamic mobile banking by using the integration of the acceptance model
theory and religiosity.

Furthermore, there have been many studies on mobile banking services in conventional banks by pre-
vious researchers (Baptista & Oliveira, 2015; Hong, 2019; Goularte & Zilber, 2020), while there is still
very little research on mobile banking in the context of Islamic banks, especially in developing coun-
tries with a majority of Muslim population such as in Indonesia (Johar & Suhartanto, 2019). Although
Islamic mobile banking services in Indonesia have very high potential, in terms of consumer acceptance
it is still low to use the service (Johar & Suhartanto, 2019). Therefore, it is necessary to do further re-
search to be able to increase the intention of consumers to use Islamic mobile banking in an empirical
model.

1. LITERATURE REVIEW (Venkatesh et al., 2003), and UTAUT2 (Venkatesh

AND HYPOTHESES et al., 2012). In addition, researchers have previ-
ously examined the factors that influence the
DEVELOPMENT use of M-banking using various TAM models as
grand theories, such as the use of extended TAM
1.1. Technology Acceptance (Al-husein & Sadi, 2015); using the integration
Model (TAM) of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and TAM
(Lee, 2009); using a modified TAM (Alaeddin et
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was al., 2018); conducted TAM and UTAUT integrase
first introduced by Davis in 1989, which states models (Baabdullah et al., 2019); tested the inte-
that usefulness and ease of use are vital factors in gration of the UTAUT and Religiosity models
technology adoption. According to Rathore (2016) (Johar & Suhartanto, 2019). This study integrates
and Alaeddin et al. (2018), TAM is a model often TAM with Religiosity to test consumer intentions
used by researchers and applied to test the behav- to use Islamic mobile banking services.
ioral intention of consumers on the adoption of
internet technology such as the implementation 1.2. Intention to use Islamic
of mobile banking. Furthermore, various theo- mobile banking
retical approaches have been developed to study
the implementation of mobile banking, including Behavioral intention is understood as “...in terms
the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) (Rogers, of trying to perform a given behavior rather than
1995), technology acceptance models (TAM) in relation to actual performance.” (Ajzen, 1991).
(Davis, 1989) and their expansion, unified theo- Intention to use technology is a principle con-
ry of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) cept in TAM (Davis, 1989). Behavioral intention

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Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

is used as a predictor that is considered as a vi- H2: Perceived ease of use has a positive effect on
tal variable in measuring consumers’ willingness consumer attitudes towards Islamic mobile
to use new technologies (Raza et al., 2018). This banking.
means that the greater the individual’s intention
towards something, the higher the behavior will 1.4. Perceived usefulness
be performed. Recently, the topic of consumer
behavioral intention research on Islamic mobile Perceived usefulness is defined as the degree to
banking has become an interesting study for pre- which a person believes that using a particu-
vious researchers (Raza et al., 2018; Baabdullah lar system will improve his or her performance
et al., 2019). However, there are still few studies (Davis, 1989). Perceived usefulness refers to the
that test consumers’ intention to adopt Islamic user’s expectation to get many benefits, or benefits
mobile banking by placing religiosity (Johar & of a system used (Shin, 2009) can be accepted by
Suhartanto, 2019). consumers such as saving money, time, and a va-
riety of product or service choices (ALraja & Aref,
1.3. Perceived ease of use 2015). In the online payment context, when an ap-
plication is considered to have high usability, con-
Perceived ease of use is defined by Davis (1989) as sumers will tend to prefer it over other payment
“the extent to which a person believes that using a methods (Mei & Aun, 2019). However, not all
particular system will be free of effort”. This means technologies are considered useful for consumers
that consumers believe that a system that is easy to because the usability can vary between consumers
learn or use will be able to provide practical bene- (Murthy & Mani, 2013).
fits for them. In mobile banking, many factors can
increase complexity, such as navigation problems, Prior studies have used perceived usefulness as an
small screen sizes, and problems with transaction. important factor in the adoption of mobile bank-
If mobile banking services are easy to learn and ing (Oliveira et al., 2016; Singh & Sinha, 2020).
use, this has a positive influence on their use by In addition, Mohammadi (2015) and Singh and
customers (Singh & Srivastava, 2018). Ease of use Sinha (2020) noted that perceived usefulness can
is related to getting benefits, customers can eas- have a positive influence on attitudes toward mo-
ily run technology services such as information bile banking that can foster consumer intentions
seeking, ordering, and using customer support to use mobile phone services in their financial
(ALraja & Aref, 2015). The perceived ease of use of transactions. In this study, perceived usefulness is
mobile banking services by consumers will affect assumed as a variable that can encourage consum-
how consumers perceive the benefits they received ers to foster a positive attitude and be able to in-
(Mohammadi, 2015). Therefore, mobile banking crease consumer intentions to use Islamic mobile
technology must be simple and easily understood banking services. Hence, the following hypothe-
by customers to increase revenue (Mortimer et al., ses are formulated:
2015; Singh & Srivastava, 2018).
H3: Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on
Previous studies have noted that perceived ease consumer attitudes towards Islamic mobile
of use is proven to be able to influence the ease banking.
of use (Mohammadi, 2015) and the attitude of us-
ing mobile banking (Schierz et al., 2010; Singh & H4: Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on
Srivastava, 2018). In this study, it is assumed that consumer intentions to use Islamic mobile
perceived ease of use is a predictor that encourag- banking.
es consumers to use Islamic mobile banking ser-
vices in their financial transactions. Therefore, the 1.5. Attitude towards Islamic
following hypotheses are put forward: mobile banking
H1: Perceived ease of use has a positive effect on According to Ajzen (2015), attitudes are posi-
the perceived usefulness of Islamic mobile tive and negative feelings of consumers that ex-
banking. plain the intention to behave in a certain way.

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 Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

Perceived
Usefulness
H1 H4
Perceived Ease of
Use H3

H2 Attitude toward H5 Intention to Use

Islamic Mobile Islamic Mobile
Banking Banking

H6
Religiosity

H7

Figure 1. Conceptual research framework

Meanwhile, Venkatesh et al. (2012) noted that at- et al., 2015; Souiden & Rani, 2015), which is their
titudes toward behavior are positive or negative main motivation when selecting Islamic banks
feelings of individuals about performing target be- (Karoui & Khemakhem, 2019). Several previous
havior. Attitude plays a very important role in con- studies have linked the effect of religiosity on
sumers’ intention to use technology (Davis, 1989). Islamic banking (Echchabi & Aziz, 2012; Newaz
Consumers will tend to do positive evaluations to et al., 2016; Usman et al., 2017; Possumah et al.,
adopt mobile banking when they have a positive 2018; Suhartanto, 2019). They argued that religi-
attitude towards success; conversely, when posi- osity plays a very important role for Muslims in
tive consumer attitudes lead to failure, they will forming attitudes and determining their choices
evaluate the failure of adoption of mobile bank- in Islamic banks, including products and services.
ing as a whole (Chaouali et al., 2017). Consumer However, there is still little research linking the ef-
attitudes are important antecedents to increase fect of religiosity on the adoption of Islamic mo-
consumer intentions (Ajzen, 2015; Chawla & Joshi, bile banking services (Johar & Suhartanto, 2019).
2019). Consumers’ positive attitudes towards mo- Hence, the hypotheses proposed are:
bile banking may reinforce their intention to adopt
mobile banking, which is consistent with previous H6: Religiosity has a positive effect on the atti-
research (Lin, 2011; Mohammadi, 2015; Al-husein tude towards Islamic mobile banking.
& Sadi, 2015; Chaouali et al., 2017; Hong, 2019).
Thus, the hypothesis is formulated: H7: Religiosity has a positive effect on consumers’
intention to use Islamic mobile banking.
H5: Attitudes towards Islamic mobile banking
has a positive effect on consumer intentions Thus, based on the literature review above, this
to use Islamic mobile banking. study has proposed seven hypotheses for exam-
ining the intention to use Islamic mobile banking
1.6. Religiosity services.

Religiosity is the belief and the level of individual

commitment to religion and adherence to accept- 2. METHODOLOGY
ed principles (Fam et al., 2004; Bakar et al., 2013).
Differences in the level of individual religiosity in- This study uses a quantitative approach, in which
trinsically can guide individuals in the selection data is collected from structured question-
and specific needs (Newaz et al., 2016). Muslim naires distributed through surveys to individ-
consumers are generally described as consumers uals who have experience with banking servic-
who have a high level of religiosity (Abou-Youssef es in Indonesia. The questionnaire consisted of

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Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

five parts to measure the first four parts of the The profile of the respondents is dominated by
latent construction studies using measurements male respondents, 62.7% are men and 37.3 are
taken from previous studies and measured on a women. Most of the respondents were in the age
seven-point Likert scale, disagree given score 1 group of 18-24 (32%) and 25-34 (40.5%). Most re-
and totally agree given score 7. There is a recom- spondents have a bachelor’s degree (55%) and sen-
mendation by Hair et al. (1998) on the required ior high school (22%). Furthermore, the majority
sample size level of 15-20 observations for each of respondents have the profession of an entrepre-
studied variable. Sample size of this study has neur (40%) and individuals (30%). The highest lev-
five constructs (4 items for perceived ease of use, el of income of respondents is 44%, which is be-
4 items for perceived usefulness, 3 items for at- tween 2,500,000 and 5,000,000.
titudes toward Islamic mobile banking, 5 items
for religiosity, and 4 items for intention to use
Islamic mobile banking, totaling 20 items), re- 3. RESULT
sulting in the ideal sample size of 400 (20 x 20)
respondents. In total, 550 participants were in- 3.1. Measurement model: reliability
volved in sample data collection using conven- and validity
ience sampling, but only 482 were used in this
study; 68 questionnaires were deleted because All the constructs have been used to determine
of missing value or incompleteness. Data were whether consumers intend to use Islamic mobile
analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) banking. These constructs are Perceived ease of
with AMOS to test the entire model and research use (PEOU), Perceived usefulness (PU), Attitude
hypothesis. towards Islamic mobile banking (ATT), and
Religiosity (RLG). All these variables are tested for
In this study, the measurement of all items of reliability, convergent validity and discriminant
a variable is adopted from a previous study. validity to perform an exploratory analysis. To
Perceived ease of use was adopted from Lin (2011), test reliability, the minimum acceptable standard
Alaeddin et al. (2018), and Chawla and Joshi (2019). value is higher than the alpha coefficient, which
Perceived usefulness was measured by items from is above 0.7 (Hair et al., 2010). Table 3 shows that
Goh and Sun (2014), Mohammadi (2015), Singh Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values on all the in-
and Srivastava (2018), and Hong (2019). Attitudes struments are above 0.7 (Perceived ease of use =
were derived from Mohammadi (2015), Chaouali 0.813, Perceived usefulness = 0.825, Attitude to-
et al. (2017), and Hong (2019). Religiosity scale wards Islamic mobile banking = 0.912, Religiosity
was measured according to El-Menouar (2014), = 0.824, and Intention to use Islamic Mobile
Newaz et al. (2016), and the dependent variable Banking = 0.816), showing a good reliability.
– Intention to use Islamic mobile banking – was
adapted from Alkhaldi and Kharma (2019), Singh Based on Table 1 and according to Hair et al.
and Sinha (2020). (2010), factor loadings, composite reliability (CR)
Table 1. Validity and reliability

Factor Cronbach’s
No. Constructs and items AVE CR
loading Alpha
Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)
1 I find it easy to get Islamic mobile banking do what I want to do 0.819
2 I believe learning to use Islamic mobile banking is easy 0.807
0.755 0.884 0.813
3 My interaction with the Islamic mobile banking apps is understandable 0.856
4 Overall, I think Islamic mobile banking is very easy to use 0.831
Perceived Usefulness (PU)
1 I believe Islamic mobile phone banking services will be useful for me 0.798
2 Using Islamic mobile banking would enable me to pay more quickly 0.813
0.829 0.861 0.825
3 I believe Islamic mobile banking will increase work performance 0.878
4 Overall, mobile banking is useful in bank transactions 0.835

38 http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(4).2021.04
 Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

Table 1 (cont.). Validity and reliability

Factor Cronbach’s
No. Constructs and items AVE CR
loading Alpha
Attitude toward Islamic Mobile Banking (ATT)
1 I feel good about using Islamic mobile banking 0.905
2 I feel positive about using Islamic mobile banking 0.899 0.814 0.879 0.912
3 I feel favorable about using Islamic mobile banking 0.912
Religiosity (RLG)
1 Belief 0.930
2 Practice 0.922
3 Knowledge 0.863 0.809 0.855 0.824
4 Experience 0.916
5 Consequence 0.828
Intention to use Islamic Mobile Banking (INT)
1 I intend to use Islamic mobile banking in the future 0.892
2 I will always try to use Islamic mobile banking 0.932
0.711 0.827 0.816
3 I would use Islamic mobile banking services for transactions 0.929
4 I believe that adopting Islamic mobile banking services is worthy for me 0.879

Table 2. The square root of AVE and correlation coefficients

Constructs PEOU PU ATT INT RLG
PEOU 0.832 – – – –
PU 0.661 0.831 – – –
ATT 0.672 0.518 0.905 – –
INT 0.455 0.334 0.610 0.934 –
RLG 0.422 0.388 0.569 0.467 0.887

Note: Diagonal values are square roots of Average variance extracted. PEOU = Perceived ease of use, PU = Perceived usefulness,
ATT = Attitude toward Islamic mobile banking, INT = Intention to use Islamic mobile banking, and RLG = Religiosity.

and average variance extracted (AVE) are used to ance with the theoretical model. Previously, the
assess convergence validity. The recommended val- goodness of fit was assessed to test the hypothesis
ues for loadings are set higher than 0.5, AVE should proposed in this study. Based on Table 3, it can
be higher than 0.5, and CR should be more than 0.7. be seen that all the values are above the accepted
The findings indicated that all factor loadings are level and confirm past findings. This means that
larger than 0.7, almost all AVEs exceed 0.5, and all the measurement and structural models show fit
CR are above 0.7, indicating the convergent validity to the model.
for each construct (perceived ease of use, perceived
usefulness, attitude toward Islamic mobile bank- The results of hypothesis testing are reported and
ing, religiosity, and intention to use Islamic mobile depicted in Table 4. In this study, seven hypothe-
banking), thereby providing evidence the instru- ses are tested, five hypotheses were accepted and
ments had a good convergent validity (Hair et al., two hypotheses were rejected.
2010). Meanwhile, to examine the discriminant
validity of the construct (Table 2), the square roots
The test of hypothesis H1 proposed that Perceived
of the AVEs were higher than its correlation coef-
ease of use (PEOU) has a positive effect on Perceived
ficient estimated by other factors. Thus, its shows
usefulness (PU). As shown in Table 4, the effect of
good discriminant validity (Hair et al., 2010). perceived ease of use on Perceived usefulness was
found to be negligible with the path coefficient of
3.2. Hypotheses testing 0.029 (Sig. level 0.240). Hence, hypothesis H1 is re-
jected. Hypothesis H2 expected that the Perceived
The measurement model in SEM is used to ana- ease of use (PEOU) has a positive effect on
lyze and evaluate whether the data is in accord- Attitude towards Islamic mobile banking (ATT).

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Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

Table 3. Fit indices of the structural model of Islamic mobile banking

Fit indices Measurement model Structural model Cut-off
x2/df 1.509 1.517 <5
GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) 0.932 0.919 > 0.90
AGFI (Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index) 0.891 0.856 > 0.80
NFI (Normed Fit Index) 0.912 0.902 > 0.90
NNFI (Non-Normed Fit Index) 0.933 0.924 > 0.90
CFI (Comparative Fit Index) 0.966 0.957 > 0.90
RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) 0.045 0.042 < 0.08

Table 4. Structural model hypothesis testing results

Hypothesis Path Path coefficients t-value P value Decision
H1 PEOU  PU 0.029 1.215 0.240 Rejected
H2 PEOU  ATT 0.054 1.443 0.311 Rejected
H3 PU  ATT 0.344 6.728 0.000 Accepted
H4 PU  INT 0.458 8.455 0.000 Accepted
H5 ATT  INT 0.327 6.299 0.000 Accepted
H6 RLG  ATT 0.198 2.726 0.019 Accepted
H7 RLG  INT 0.282 5.443 0.000 Accepted

Note: PEOU = Perceived ease of use, PU = Perceived usefulness, ATT = Attitude toward Islamic mobile banking, INT = Intention
to use Islamic mobile banking, RLG = Religiosity.

As shown in Table 4, the effect of Perceived ease of to use Islamic mobile banking (INT). The result
use on Attitude towards Islamic mobile banking indicates that the effect of Religiosity on Intention
revealed to be insignificant with the path coeffi- to use Islamic mobile banking was found to be sig-
cient of 0.054 (Sig. level 0.311). Therefore, hypoth- nificantly positive with the path coefficient equal
esis H2 is rejected too. Hypothesis H3 predicted to 0.198 (Sig. level 0.019). Therefore, hypothesis H6
that Perceived usefulness (PU) has a positive effect is supported. Finally, hypothesis H7 proposed that
on Attitude towards Islamic mobile banking (AT). Religiosity (RLG) has a positive effect on Islamic
Table 4 indicates that the effect that Perceived use- mobile banking (INT). As shown in Table 6, the ef-
fulness has on Attitude towards Islamic mobile fect of Religiosity on Islamic mobile banking was
banking was found to be significantly positive significantly positive with the path coefficient of
with the coefficient equal to 0.344 (Sig. level 0.000). 0.282 (Sig. level 0.000). Accordingly, hypothesis
Thus, hypothesis H3 is supported. Hypothesis H4 H7 is supported.
suggests that Perceived usefulness (PU) positively
affects Intention to Islamic mobile banking (INT).
As shown in Table 4, the relationship between 4. DISCUSSION
Perceived usefulness and Intention to Islamic mo-
bile banking was found to be significantly positive This paper investigates consumer intention to
with the path coefficient equal to 0.458 (Sig. 0.000).use Islamic mobile banking in Indonesia using
Hence, hypothesis H4 is supported too. the integrated TAM theory and the construct of
religiosity. The results of the hypothesis testing
Hypothesis H5 predicts that Attitude towards showed that of all the hypotheses put forward, five
Islamic mobile banking (ATT) positively affects hypotheses were accepted, and two were rejected.
Intention to Islamic mobile banking (INT). As These findings confirm that the perceived ease of
seen in Table 4, the relationship between Attitude use is not able to influence consumers in perceiv-
towards Islamic mobile banking and Intention to ing usefulness and increasing consumer positive
Islamic mobile banking was found to be signifi- attitudes towards Islamic mobile banking. Thus,
cantly positive with the path coefficient being 0.327 Muslim consumers believe that the perceived ease
(Sig. level 0.000). Consequently, hypothesis H5 of use of Islamic mobile banking is not an impor-
is supported. Next, hypothesis H6 expected that tant factor that can affect them to get benefits pro-
Religiosity (RLG) has a positive effect on Intention vided from these services. Consumers also assume

40 http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(4).2021.04
 Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

that their attitude towards Islamic mobile banking as a predictor of attitudes towards Islamic mo-
has nothing to do with the perceived ease of use bile banking, but is also the most dominant var-
of Islamic mobile banking services. The results of iable influencing consumers’ intention to adopt
this study differ from previous studies, which stat- Islamic mobile banking. This means that Muslim
ed that perceived ease of use is the main key to consumers intend to use Islamic mobile banking
increasing perceived usefulness and attitudes to- services as they think that the services provided
wards mobile banking consumers in general (Shin, have many benefits in their financial affairs.
2009; Oliveira et al., 2016; Singh & Sinha, 2020).
However, Mohammadi (2015) confirms that per- Testing the attitude towards Islamic mobile
ceived ease of use can only increase perceived use- banking is proven to be able to positively and
fulness, but cannot influence attitudes towards significantly affect the intention to use Islamic
Islamic mobile banking. mobile banking. These results support sever-
al previous studies conducted by Mohammadi
Moreover, this study revealed a positive and (2015), Newaz et al. (2016), and Chaouali et al.
significant relationship of perceived usefulness (2017). The attitude of Muslim consumers be-
and consumer attitude on Islamic mobile bank- comes very vital in growing the intention to
ing. The study supports the findings of Schierz et use Islamic mobile banking. This means that
al. (2010), Alaeddin et al. (2018), and Singh and the better the attitude of consumers towards
Sinha (2020). Hence, it can be interpreted that Islamic mobile banking, the higher their inten-
Muslim consumers consider that the perceived tion to use Islamic mobile banking. In addition,
usefulness of Islamic mobile banking can help this study also revealed that religiosity can pos-
with their financial transactions through the itively and significantly influence attitudes to-
services of vendors. It has been proven that this wards Islamic mobile banking and intention to
perceived usefulness factor can lead consum- use Islamic mobile banking. The results of this
ers to view Islamic mobile banking positively. study are in line with previous research, which
Consumers believe that the use of Islamic mobile states that religiosity is an antecedent of con-
banking can provide more good benefits than sumer attitudes to use Islamic mobile banking
their uselessness. Furthermore, the results of this services (Mohammadi, 2015; Newaz et al., 2016)
study also confirm that perceived usefulness pos- and is a predictor of intention to use Islamic
itively and significantly influences consumers’ in- mobile banking (Newaz et al., 2016; Johar &
tention to use Islamic mobile banking. This study Suhartanto, 2019). This means that the atti-
is in line with previous research (Mohammadi, tude and intention of Muslim consumers to use
2015; Akhter et al., 2020; Ventre & Kolbe, 2020). Islamic mobile banking is influenced by their lev-
Perceived usefulness has not only been proven el of religiosity.

CONCLUSION
As explained earlier, this study was conducted to examine the main factors that can increase consumer
intentions to use Islamic mobile banking in Indonesia by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM) and the construct of religiosity. It can be concluded that out of the seven hypotheses proposed in
this study, there were five hypotheses that were accepted and two hypotheses were rejected. This study
found that perceived ease of use cannot affect perceived usefulness or attitudes towards Islamic mobile
banking. It is the perceived usefulness that plays an important role in the relationship between attitudes
towards Islamic mobile banking and intention to use Islamic mobile banking. It has been proven that
religiosity is a factor that can determine attitudes towards Islamic mobile banking and intention to use
Islamic mobile banking. Customers with higher religiosity scores tended to use Islamic mobile banking
applications compared to those with a lower level of religiosity. This makes consumers’ religiosity a key
factor that Islamic banking should consider as a service provider.

http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(4).2021.04 41
Banks and Bank Systems, Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: Sulis Riptiono.
Data curation: Dewi Noor Susanti, Intan Muliana Rhamdhani, Ade Irma Anggraeni, Anton Prasetyo.
Formal analysis: Sulis Riptiono.
Funding acquisition: Sulis Riptiono, Ade Irma Anggraeni.
Investigation: Sulis Riptiono, Ade Irma Anggraeni, Anton Prasetyo.
Methodology: Sulis Riptiono.
Project administration: Sulis Riptiono, Dewi Noor Susanti, Intan Muliana Rhamdhani.
Resources: Dewi Noor Susanti, Intan Muliana Rhamdhani, Ade Irma Anggraeni, Anton Prasetyo.
Software: Dewi Noor Susanti, Ade Irma Anggraeni.
Supervision: Sulis Riptiono.
Validation: Dewi Noor Susanti, Ade Irma Anggraeni.
Visualization: Dewi Noor Susanti, Intan Muliana Rhamdhani, Anton Prasetyo.
Writing – original draft: Sulis Riptiono.
Writing – reviewing & editing: Sulis Riptiono, Ade Irma Anggraeni.

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