Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 5 views

    Cis Theory Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    alhasan mumenul

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cis Theory Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    alhasan mumenul
    5 views4 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5 views4 pages

    Cis Theory Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    alhasan mumenul

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Chapter 5: Data Resource Management

    Character
    The most basic logical data element is the character, which consists of a single alpha-
    betic, numeric, or other symbol.
    Field
    The next higher level of data is the field , or data item. A field consists of a grouping of related characters.
    Record
    All of the fields used to capture, organize, and store the attributes of an entity are grouped to form a
    record . Thus, a record represents a collection of attributes that describe a single instance of an entity.
    File
    A group of related records is a data file (sometimes referred to as a table or flat file). When it is
    independent of any other files related to it, a single table may be referred to as a flat file.
    Database
    A database is an integrated collection of logically related data elements. A database consoli-
    dates records previously stored in separate files into a common pool of data elements
    that provides data for many applications. The data stored in a database are indepen-
    dent of the application programs using them and of the type of storage devices on
    which they are stored.
    DATABASE STRUCTURES
    The relationships among the many individual data elements stored in databases are based on one of
    several logical data structures, or models.
    Hierarchical Structure
    Early mainframe DBMS packages used the hierarchical structure, in which the rela-
    tionships between records form a hierarchy or
    treelike structure.

    Network Structure
    The network structure can represent more complex logical relationships and is still
    used by some mainframe DBMS packages. It allows many-to-many relationships among
    records; that is, the network model can access a data element by following one of sev-
    eral paths because any data element or record can be related to any number of other
    data elements.
    Relational Structure
    The relational model is the most widely used of the three database structures. It is
    used by most microcomputer DBMS packages, as well as by most midrange and
    mainframe systems. In the relational model, all data elements within the database are
    viewed as being stored in the form of simple two-dimensional tables.

    Database planning and design

    Types of database
    Operational Databases
    Operational databases store detailed data needed to support the business processes
    and operations of a company. They are also called subject area databases (SADB), trans-
    action databases, and production databases. Examples are a customer database, human
    resource database, inventory database.
    Distributed Databases
    Many organizations replicate and distribute copies or parts of databases to network
    servers at a variety of sites. These distributed databases can reside on network servers
    on the World Wide Web, on corporate intranets or extranets, or on other company
    networks. Distributed databases may be copies of operational or analytical databases,
    hypermedia or discussion databases, or any other type of database.

    External Databases
    Access to a wealth of information from external databases is available for a fee from
    commercial online services and with or without charge from many sources on the
    World Wide Web. Web sites provide an endless variety of hyperlinked pages of multi-
    media documents in hypermedia databases for you to access.

    Hypermedia database
    A Web site stores such information in a hypermedia database consisting of hyperlinked pages of
    multimedia (text, graphic and photographic images, video clips, audio segments, and so on).

    You might also like