1.

One part of the central nervous system is the:

a) retina
b) appendix
c) cochlea
d) brain

2. One part of the peripheral nervous system is the:

a) spinal cord
b) spinal nerves
c) brain stem
d) brain

3. The division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates your ability to snap your fingers is:
a) the autonomic system
b) the somatic system
c) the digestive system
d) the reproductive system

4. The division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates your heartbeat is:
a) the skeletal system
b) the autonomic system
c) the muscular system
d) the somatic system

5. The somatic nervous system

a) Is part of the central nervous system
b) Regulates voluntary motor control
c) Regulates involuntary motor control
d) Transmits impulses to the cerebrum

6. One part of the peripheral nervous system acts during REST is the:
a) Somatic NS
b) Sympathetic NS
c) Parasympathetic NS
d) Enteric NS

7. One part of the peripheral nervous system acts during STRESS is the:
a) Somatic NS
b) Sympathetic NS
c) Parasympathetic NS
d) Enteric NS

8. A stimulus is a change inside or outside your body that brings about:

a) a paralysis
b) a reflex
c) a response
d) a stimulant
9. After you run 50 m as fast as you can, you might be out of breath. What process causes your breathing to
return to its regular pattern?
a) stimuli
b) homeostasis
c) impulses
d) reasoning

10. Which of the following statements is/are true about the white matter in the spinal cord:
a) A cross section of the cord reveals a core of white matter surrounded by grey matter
b) The white matter consists of myelinated nerve fibers
c) The grey matter gives origin to somatic nervous system only
d) The autonomic nervous system arises from white matter

11. Which of the following has a haploid number of chromosomes?

a) Spermatogonia
b) Oogonia
c) Primary spermatocyte
d) Primary oocyte
e) Spermatid

12. Corpus luteum is:

a. Part of the uterus
b. A stage of oogenesis
c. Follicular cells remaining after ovulation
d. A stage of spermatogenesis
e. Part of the sperm

13. The source of energy for the sperm lies in its:

a. Head
b. Neck
c. Middle piece
d. Tail
e. Acros

14. The removal of glycoprotein over the head of the sperm is called:
a. Cortical reaction
b. Zona reaction
c. Acrosome reaction
d. Capacitation
e. Fertilization

15. Morula is:

a. One cell stage
b. Two cell stage
c. Four cell stage
d. Eight cell stage
e. Sixteen cell stage
16. Normal site of implantation is in:
a. Posterior wall of the uterus
b. Anterior wall of the uterus
c. Uterine tube
d. Lower segment of uterus
e. Ovary

17. Chronic malnutrition can lead to both generalized atrophy and fatty change of the liver.
a. True
b. false

18. Moist gangrene results from occlusion of artery with patent vein
a. true
b. false

19. A 35-year-old farmer falls in his farmland and develops a deep cut wound in his arm. His wound is sutured in
a private clinic. Two weeks later he notes gaping of his wound with foul smelling odor and darkening of his
skin wound. Which is the most likely causative organism?
a. staphylococcus aureus
b. pseudomonas
c. clostridium
d. coli
e. viral infection

20. A previously healthy 35-year-old woman has pain while passing urine. laboratory investigations revealed
urine regionally tract bacterial infection. which is the most likely cell of the immune system suspected to
increase in this type of infection?
a. Eosinophils
b. monocytes
c. neutrophils
d. natural killer cells
e. basophils

21. which from the following are the cells responsible for immunological function of skins?
a. Langerhans cells
b. melanocytes
c. keratinocytes
d. Markel cell
e. basement membrane

22. in which situation of the following the doctor can legally breach the patient confidentiality?
a. Marital situation
b. religious situation
c. friendship situation
d. criminal situation
23. a researcher developed a new drug for hypertension. he is conducting a trial to compare the efficiency of the
new drug versus the current standard of care. at the end of the trial the B value was found to be 0.08. what is
the single best interpretation for the B value found?
a. The difference is that statistically significant so the null hypothesis should be accepted.
b. the difference is statistically insignificant so the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
c. the difference is statistically significant but there is insufficient information regarding the null hypothesis.
d. the difference is statistically insignificant so the null hypothesis should be accepted.
e. the difference is statistically significant the null hypothesis should be rejected.

24. the helical structure of protein is maintained by:

a. disulfide bridges between cysteine residues
b. Some bonds between carbon and oxygen and nitrogen and hydrogen groups of peptide bonds
c. salt bridges between charged side chains of amino acid
d. peptide bonds disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions
e. disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interaction

25. a 20-year-old new mother with breastfeeding problem had her visit to male physician who started to ask
about the condition and details and she was answering but without eye contact and she was stammering
which term best describes her reaction?
a. anger
b. embarrassment
c. guilt
d. despair
e. fatigue

26. which from the following organs is commonly affected by fatty change?
a. bone
b. brain
c. liver
d. lung
e. spleen

27. Which of the following statements best applies to normal distribution curve?
a. it is followed by all biological variables.
b. it is defined by the mean and standard deviation.
c. it is useful for making inferences about a sample but not the population.
d. a normal distribution curves have the same standard deviation.
e. has the characteristics as S-shape curve.

28. regarding the function of vitamin D:

a. inhibits feed the absorption by the intestine.
b. inhibits was phosphate reabsorption by the kidney.
c. promotes iron absorption.
d. promotes calcium reabsorption by the kidney.
e. inhibits calcium absorption by the intestine.
29. a 34 old man has severe chest infection he is admitted to hospital laboratory is investigations reveals high
level of antibodies against a specific microorganism. which is the most likely cell of the immune system that
is responsible for antibodies production?
a. B lymphocytes
b. natural killer cell
c. helper T lymphocytes
d. cytotoxic T cells
e. plasma cells

30. which from the following is the cell structure responsible for cell signaling?
a. lysosomes
b. Golgi apparatus
c. ribosomes
d. mitochondria
e. cell membrane

31. which from the following is a type of special stain used to stain elastic fibers?
a. Congo red
b. Colloidal iron
c. Orcin
d. Alicen blue

32. Which is the type of necrosis in the case of an Abscess?

a. Caseous
b. gangrenous
c. fibrinoid
d. coagulative
e. liquefactive

33. what is the lining epithelium of lung alveoli?

a. Pseudo-stratified squamous
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Stratified squamous.
d. simple squamous
e. simple columnar

34. concentration of NaCl that has the same osmolarity as mammalian fluids is:
a. 150mM NACL
b. 50 mM NACL
c. 600 mM NACL
d. 450 mM NACL
e. 300 mM NACL
35. Body mass index of 27 is classified as:
a. Obese
b. unhealthy
c. morbid obese
d. underweight
e. overweight
36. ion channels are characterized by.
a. transport more than one ion at a time
b. nonselective force that can open and close.
c. cannot coupled to energy source to perform active transport.
d. it is limited to neuron.
e. about 100,000,000 ions can pass through a minute

37. increasing levels of leptin result in a reduction of one's motivation to eat.

a. true
b. false

38. Muscular arteries act as the main blood reservoir of the circulatory system.
a. true
b. false

39. sagittal plane is the transverse plane which runs horizontally cutting the body into upper and lower parts.
a. True
b. False

40. fat is often called the forgotten nutrient.

a. True
b. False

41. A osmolarity of a solution with one mole end of Na2SO4 and 0.5 M of sucrose equal
a. 2.5 osmoles
b. 3.5 osmoles
c. 3 osmoles
d. 2 osmoles
e. 4 osmoles

42. pharmacotherapy is added to diet management and physical activity to lose weight when.
a. BMI ≥ 30
b. BMI = 25-29.9
c. BMI ≥ 27
d. BMI = 27
e. BMI = 18.5-24.9

43. the site of implantation is the endometrium of the upper part of the body of the uterus mainly in the
anterior wall.
a. true
b. false

44. According to this digestibility we have two types of carbohydrates simple and derived carbohydrates.
a. True
b. False
45. Vigorous physical activities including the following except:
a. Skating
b. running
c. swimming
d. basketball
e. football

46. the nucleus is present in the body of the sperm.

a. true
b. false

47. normal males produced 100,000,000 sperm/ ejaculate of Semen.

a. True
b. False

48. Obesity increases the likelihood of type one diabetes and dyslipidemia.
a. True
b. False

49. peripheral proteins of cell membrane act as

a. pumps
b. channels
c. enzymes
d. carriers
e. receptors

50. The primary cause of Down syndrome is a maternal meiotic nondisjunction.

a. True
b. False

51. resting metabolic rate depends on the fat body mass.

a. True
b. False

52. embryoblast becomes the fetal portion of the placenta.

a. True
b. False

53. carriers are integral membrane proteins that characterized by:

a. reversible and saturable
b. not selected for transported molecules
c. cannot be coupled to energy source.
d. molecules move against the gradient.
e. high velocity 10,000 molecules/sec
54. based on the figure below which is the most correct statement

a. curve A & amp, B have the same mean and SD, while C has a greater mean.
b. Curve A & amp, C show normal distribution, while B is non-normally distributed.
c. Curve A has a greater mean than B.
d. Curve A, B &amp, C shoe non-normal distribution
e. Curve A & amp, C have the same SD, while B has greater SD.

55. One of the following joints is uniaxial.

a. wrist
b. shoulder
c. hip
d. knee
e. elbow

56. mental health care in Egypt is an important sector in health system. which is the most appropriate single
statement regarding mental health care in Egypt?
a. around 80% of the population has free access to essential psychotropic medications.
b. mental health facilities are equally distributed between urban and rural areas.
c. 1/3 of the health budget is provided to the mental health sector.
d. the inpatient facilities are the main source of mental health care to Egyptian population.
e. there is one major mental health hospital in Egypt.

57. Children and adults should consume 25 to 35% of their calorie intake as carbohydrates per day.
a. True
b. False

58. this is a microscopic image of a biopsy from a 55-year-old patient with many vesicles all over the body. which
is the most appropriate description of the site of vesicle?

a. Sub-corneal
b. intra epidermal
c. basal
d. supr basal
e. sub-granular
59. pronation is the medial rotation of the forearm.
a. true
b. false

60. Which of the following amino acids would be least likely to be present on the outer surface of a protein?
a. Aspartic
b. Serine
c. Leucine
d. glutamic
e. arginine

61. portal circulation is a term applied to a vessel when it's connected between two veins.
a. True
b. False

62. antiporter is a carrier protein that.

a. transport of two different molecular types in the opposite direction
b. mediate simple diffusion across cell membrane
c. transports only one molecule type.
d. not selected for the transported molecule
e. transport of two different molecular types in the same direction

63. the coronal plan divides the body into right and left halves.
a. true
b. false

64. Exercise and rehabilitation after a cardiac surgery is considered to be which type of prevention.
a. Quaternity prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. tertiary prevention
d. primary prevention
e. primordial prevention

65. In lab, we put red blood cells in NaCl solution with concentration of 150 Mm what is possible observation?
a. Partial hemolysis
b. no hemolysis with relatively shrunken cell
c. no hemolysis with disrupted shrunken cells
d. complete hemolysis
e. no hemolysis

66. the bone of the arm is the femur.

a. true
b. false
67. one of the following is a biaxial joint.
a. elbow
b. superior
c. hip
d. shoulder
e. knee

68. a district or community hospital is which level of health care.

a. Tertiary healthcare
b. Quaternity healthcare
c. Secondary health care
d. Primary health care

69. Which is the organ lined by this type of epithelium?

a. skin
b. oral mucosa
c. bronchi
d. endocervix
e. urinary bladder

70. Which of the following is not a cause of microcytic anemia?

a. Thalassemia
b. Anemia of chronic disease
c. Fe deficiency anemia
d. Pancytopenia
e. Lead poisoning

71. Which of the following is not an etiology of Fe deficiency anemia?

a. Chronic blood loss
b. Increased requirements
c. Infection
d. Malabsorption
e. Decreased intake.

72. Which lab investigation would you order if you suspect Fe deficiency anemia?
a. CBC
b. Blood smear
c. Serum Iron
d. Serum ferritin
e. TLBC

73. Which of the following is not true about G6PD deficiency?

a. It commonly presents as a chronic hemolytic anemia.
b. It leads to intravascular hemolysis after certain infections.
c. It protects against malaria.
d. Carrier females have approximately 50% G6PD levels
e. it is a cause of neonatal jaundice.
74. A 30-year-old woman is a known case of rheumatoid arthritis. She is on NSAID for a long time. Now she has
been found to have microcytic anemia. Her iron studies reveal a low iron and IBL. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis of anemia?
a. Anemia of chronic illness
b. Fe deficiency anemia
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
e. Blood loss

75. Respiratory bronchioles are the principal site for gas exchange in the lungs.
a. True
b. False

76. Alveolar wall is thick for protection against injury and rupture
a. True
b. False

77. The blood components that lack nucleus are:

a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes
c. Eryrthrocytes
d. Thrombocytes
e. Lymphocytes
f. Platelets

78. The hormone erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the red bone marrow. Where in the
body is erythropoietin produced?
a. Spleen
b. Kidney
c. Liver
d. Thyroid

79. What is the mechanism by which heparin prevents blood coagulation?

a. Anti-thrombin III
b. Tissue factor inhibition
c. Binding the calcium
d. Inhibition of platelet activating factor

80. Which of the following would best explain prolonged bleeding time?
a. Hemophilia A
b. Hemophilia B
c. Thrombocytopenia
d. Coumadin use

81. Which coagulation pathway begins with tissue factor?

a. Extrinsic pathway
b. Intrinsic pathway
c. Common pathway
d. Fibrin stabilization
82. Connective tissue in lamina propria in GIT is an example of loose dense CT.
a. True
b. False

83. Tendons and ligaments are examples of dense regular connective tissue.
a. True
b. False

84. Endothelial cells are considered as free cells of CT.

a. True
b. False

85. Macrophages and plasma cells are considered as free cells of CT.
a. True
b. False
c.

86. The functional and structural unit of all living organisms is the ……

87. Group of similar cells form a ………

88. Group of tissues form an ………….

89. All the organelles are bounded by membranes except

a. Ribosomes
b. Mitochondria
c. Lysosomes
d. Golgi apparatus

90. Which of the following cells responsible for immunological function of skin
a. Basement membrane
b. Keratinocytes
c. Langerhans cells
d. Melanocytes
e. Merkel cell

91. Which of the following cells responsible for conveying sensory information from the epidermis
a. Basement membrane
b. Keratinocytes
c. Langerhans cells
d. Melanocytes
e. Merkel cell
92. Which of the followings cells responsible for our skin color
a. Basement membrane
b. Keratinocytes
c. Langerhans cells
d. Melanocytes
e. Merkel cell

93. Keratinocytes in the skin are attached to each other’s by which type of junction?
a. Adherens
b. Desmosomes
c. Gap
d. Hemidesmosomes
e. Tight

94. The basal layer is attached to the underlying basal lamina by which type of junction?
a. Adherens
b. Desmosomes
c. Gap
d. Hemidesmosomes
e. Tight

95. Which of the following structures is responsible for odour (scent) of the skin
a. Apocrine gland
b. Eccrine gland
c. Sebaceous glands
d. Hair follicle
e. Epidermis

96. Microvilli increase the surface area of the epithelia cells

a. True
b. False

97. Function of microvilli in intestine is to increase surface area of absorption

a. True
b. False

98. Function of cilia is to keep the airways clear of mucus and dirt.
a. True
b. False

99. Function of microvilli in intestine is for protection.

a. True
b. False
100. A 54 year old man has recurrent attacks of urinary tract infections. Urine analysis shows traces of
blood and pus cells. He is diagnosed of having chronic cystitis. What is the most likely type of lining
epithelium of urinary bladder?
a. Simple squamous
b. Stratified squamous
c. Transitional
d. Pseudostratified columnar
e. Simple columnar

101 . A 30 year old man has chronic cough and haemoptysis, Bronchoscopic biopsy shows changes in the lining
epithelium of his trachea. What Is the most likely type of lining epithelium of trachea?
a. Simple squamous
b. Stratified squamous
c. Transitional
d. Pseudostratified columnar
e. Simple columnar