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    Quarks For Beginners

    Uploaded by

    Leidy Solanyi Buitrago
    The document discusses quarks and how they are the fundamental building blocks of matter. It describes the six types of quarks and their properties. It also explains how particle accelerators are used to collide particles together at high energies to study quarks and other fundamental particles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Quarks For Beginners

    Uploaded by

    Leidy Solanyi Buitrago
    17 views13 pages
    The document discusses quarks and how they are the fundamental building blocks of matter. It describes the six types of quarks and their properties. It also explains how particle accelerators are used to collide particles together at high energies to study quarks and other fundamental particles.

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    QUARKS FOR BEGINNERS.pptx

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    The document discusses quarks and how they are the fundamental building blocks of matter. It describes the six types of quarks and their properties. It also explains how particle accelerators are used to collide particles together at high energies to study quarks and other fundamental particles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views13 pages

    Quarks For Beginners

    Uploaded by

    Leidy Solanyi Buitrago
    The document discusses quarks and how they are the fundamental building blocks of matter. It describes the six types of quarks and their properties. It also explains how particle accelerators are used to collide particles together at high energies to study quarks and other fundamental particles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 13

    QUARKS FOR

    BEGINNERS
    ... We are made of particles
    and so is everything else
    in the universe! We know
    now that just four kinds of
    building blocks are
    needed to account for all
    of ordinary matter. These
    particles are called:
    • Up-quarks and down-quarks
    • Electrons
    • Electron-neutrinos
    The smallest particles….
    A million atoms fit across
    the width of a hair, but 99.99% of an atom is
    atoms are huge compared empty, the particles
    to the particles CERN CERN is interested in
    accelerates and studies. fill the remaining
    0.01%. To see things
    this small we use
    powerful
    “microscopes”:
    accelerators and
    detectors: how does
    that work?
    By accelerating particles…
    to very high energies
    and smashing them into
    targets, or into each
    other, new particles are
    produced. This happens
    when matter turns into
    energy and back again
    following Einstein’s
    famous equation:

    But… only certain masses are found!


    And quarks beginning…..

    These particle
    collisions are organized
    in the middle of huge
    detectors. Such great
    concentration of
    energy produces new
    particles. With
    detectors we study the
    new born particles that
    fly away from the
    collision point.
    Up quarks and down quarks

    Up-quarks and
    down-quarks are
    embedded deep inside
    protons and neutrons
    in the atomic nucleus.
    They are bound so
    tightly that it is
    impossible to pull an
    individual one out.
    The strong interaction
    Nature uses four different
    glues to make particles
    stick together. They are
    called interactions:
    – gravity
    – strong
    – electromagnetic
    – and weak

    The strong interaction,


    carried by gluons, sticks
    quarks firmly together in
    protons and neutrons
    inside the atomic nucleus.
    The strong interaction has
    the curious property that
    if the quarks get farther
    apart the interactions
    between them become
    stronger.
    That means that they are
    free to roam inside their
    nuclear cages but they
    can not escape, rather like
    animals in a zoo.
    Kinds of quarks
    Quarks are fundamental
    building blocks of matter.
    They build neutrons and
    protons and many other
    particles called hadrons
    building blocks of matter.
    They build neutrons and
    protons and many other
    particles called hadrons.
    There are six different
    types of quarks. Each
    quark type is called
    a flavor
    Flavor Mass Electric Charge
    (GeV/c2) (e)
    u up 0.004 +2/3
    d down 0.008 -1/3
    c charm 1.5 +2/3
    s strange 0.15 -1/3
    t top 176 +2/3
    b bottom 4.7 -1/3
    How do we know quarks are real?
    The answer is simple. First physicists found hundreds of
    different particles. These particles had only certain distinct
    masses, so not all different masses are found in nature.
    This was an important clue that something special is going
    on. If you assume smaller building blocks of which all
    these particles are built of then the picture is complete.
    Later on they predicted properties of other, undiscovered
    particles, using the building block idea. In experiments
    they found these unknown particles later. So, this building
    block idea was correct, because it could predict the truth!
    How can we detect these particles?….
    Detectors record the traces of particles too small
    to be "seen“.
    How particle detectors work

    For example,a particle passes through the detector,


    collides with atoms and kicks out electrons.
    The electrons are attracted to a positive wire,
    hanging nearby in the detector
    The electric pulse on the wire is amplified and sent
    to a computer.
    From the position of the wire and the arrival time
    of the signal, the computer reconstructs the path of
    the particles coming of the collision point.

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