Đề thi chữa ngày 26/5/2024, Nguyễn Hữu Đạt, FUHOLA

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ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH ĐỀ THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10
TRƯỜNG PHỔ THÔNG NĂNG KHIẾU Năm học 2024-2025
HỘI ĐỒNG TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH (Chuyên)
NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 Ngày thi: 26/05/2024
Đề thi gồm: 12 trang
Thời gian làm bài: 150 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề

Họ và tên thí sinh:............................................................... Số báo danh:..................................

* Thí sinh viết câu trả lời vào Phiếu làm bài (Answer Sheet).
* Chỉ những câu trả lời ghi ở ANSWER SHEET mới được chấm điểm.
* Thí sinh KHÔNG được sử dụng tài liệu, kể cả từ điển.
* Giám thị KHÔNG giải thích gì thêm.
___________________________________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, candidate number and exam room number on your Answer Sheet.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
You MUST complete the Answer Sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your Answer Sheet.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

There are 130 questions in this paper.
• Questions 1-80 carry 0.05 marks each.
• Questions 81-120 carry 0.1 marks each.
• Questions 121-130 carry 0.2 marks each.

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I. LANGUAGE USE (4,0 pts) – Questions 1-80
Questions 1 – 50 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (2.5 pts)
Choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1. She had prepared extensively for the interview; ______ she didn't get the job.
A. whereas B. hence C. albeit D. nevertheless
2. He practiced his lines diligently, ______ he forgot them during the performance.
A. even so B. however C. yet D. still
3. John was determined to finish the marathon, even though he had injured his ankle early on in the
race, and he pushed through the pain ______.
A. regardless B. irrespective C. notwithstanding D. however
4. I would rather you ______ my message to him yesterday.
A. had delivered B. delivered C. have delivered D. will deliver
5. Not only ______ to the party, but he also brought a gift.
A. comes he B. does he come C. came he D. did he come
6. Bananas are one of______ and they are believed to help raise serotonin levels.
A. the available fruits most nutritious B. the fruits most nutritious available
C. the most nutritious fruits available D. the most available nutritious fruits
7. In no way ______ to be misunderstood.
A. she wants B. wants she C. does she want D. she does want
8. The art exhibit featured a variety of sculptures, each ______ with precision by a renowned artist.
A. crafted B. to craft C. craft D. crafting
9. It is important that she ______ her passport before traveling.
A. would renew B. renew C. renews D. renewed
10. After the financial crisis, many families were reduced ______ in temporary shelters, struggling to
rebuild their lives from scratch.
A. to living B. to live C. to be living D. to be lived
11. Demands for tickets were high, ______ inflating resell prices to 300%.
A. and so B. thereby C. resulting in D. which consequently
12. One of the students was caught ______ during the exam and was removed from the room.
A. having cheated B. cheating C. to cheat D. to have cheated
13. The company is said ______ victory over its rival through a smear campaign.
A. to having achieved B. to achieve
C. to have been achieving D. to have achieved
14. Nobody is really what they seem, ______?
A. is it B. aren’t they C. isn’t it D. are they
15. ______, the acrobat couldn’t make the final landing gracefully.
A. Disappointed as we were B. Much to our disappointment
C. Greatly were we disappointed D. Despite our disappointment
16. The cult leader, along with his 2 closest associates, ______ a life sentence.
A. was receiving B. were to receive C. was to receive D. were receiving
17. ______ your school uniform? We're just going to the mall with our classmates.
A. Need you have worn B. Have you to wear
C. Couldn’t you have worn D. Don’t you wear
18. Max cheated his sister out of the inheritance money, ______she would never forgive him.
A. for that B. for which C. of that D. of which
19. Your road to recovery is likely long. ______, you have the best healthcare service available right
now.
A. Saying that B. Having said C. That said D. To say that
20. Potential delays ______, this airline service isn't so bad.
A. notwithstanding B. despite C. regardless D. though
21. After working for several hours straight, Sarah was ______ and needed to take a break.
A. running out of steam B. pulling her weight
C. hitting the nail on the head D. burning the midnight oil

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22. The politician’s promise to lower taxes turned out to be nothing but ______.
A. a piece of cake B. hot air
C. a bitter pill to swallow D. a storm in a teacup
23. The chef prepared a ______ feast, featuring a variety of delicious dishes.
A. tongue-in-cheek B. fine-tooth C. mouth-watering D. lip-smacking
24. The media has been reporting non-stop about this scandal for weeks. It,s time to stop ______.
A. flogging a dead horse B. skinning a cat
C. crying wolf D. counting sheep
25. Enjoy your holiday and keep me ______ about anything exciting!
A. shared B. signed C. posted D. framed
26. You have been having tenible luck, I suggest you ______ and stop playing.
A. tighten your purse strings B. cut your losses
C. lower the stakes D. cash in your chips
27. These ______ office cubicles are drab, plain, and depressing to work in.
A. cookie-cutter B. bread-and-butter C. vanilla D. eye candy
28. That's not very prim and ______ of her to chew with her mouth wide open.
A. proud B. bright C. polite D. proper
29. I'm sorry, but I have to ______ my plans for tonight due to unexpected circumstances.
A. turn down B. put off C. bring up D. do without
30. The company decided to ______ 50 employees in order to reduce costs.
A. lay off B. cut down C. give up D. turn away
31. The teacher asked the students to finish and ______ their assignments by Friday.
A. give away B. hand in C. pass up D. bring forth
32. She had to ______ the courage to speak in front of such a large audience.
A. evoke B. accrue C. spend D. summon
33. The board was unconvinced by the idea at first, but after the demonstration, most of them ______.
A. caved in B. gave into C. came round D. keeled over
34. Mickey is not telling us the whole story. There's more than he ______.
A. showed off B. let on C. brought forth D. put across
35. Even though the house was built just a year ago, we are starting to see signs of paint ______ off.
A. tearing B. cracking C. dusting D. chipping
36. The highway accident led to a terible ______ of over 50 vehicles and 100 casualties including
deaths.
A. pileup B. tumover C. gridlock D. backlash
37. She ______ her gratitude for the opportunity to work on such an important project.
A. espoused B. extended C. expanded D. extorted
38. The students eagerly participated in a ______, discussing various aspects of the novel.
A. lively debate B. heated argument
C. casual conversation D. shop talk
39. The team's ______ performance in the playoffs ended their tournament run prematurely.
A. lackluster B. hideous C. lukewarm D. stale
40. A.I. is bringing about a ______ shift in what is normally considered ‘skilled, intellectual, creative’
fields.
A. paragon B. paradigm C. paramount D. paradox
41. It is ______ normal to live with your parents. You don't have to move out if you don't have the
means.
A. utterly B. absolutely C. exceptionally D. incredibly
42. Read your contract carefully before signing as the terms in there are legally ______.
A. secure B. enforced C. binding D. obligatory
43. Skeptics ______ to the view that ‘altemative medicine’ is just placebo without any medicinal
properties.
A. allude B. amount C. resign D. subscribe

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44. The company decided to ______ a new marketing strategy to boost sales and attract more
customers.
A. enforce B. instill C. implement D. mandate
45. The hiker had to ______ a steep mountain to reach the summit.
A. ascend B. descend C. traverse D. wander
46. The detective's keen observation skills helped him ______ the mystery behind the missing diamond.
A. unearth B. underpin C. unravel D. underline
47. The author's prose is ______, so even first-time readers of the genre find it easy to follow the story.
A. lucid B. explicit C. cohesive D. plain
48. The Amazon rainforest ______ over 3 million species of plants and animals, many of which unique
to the region and under serious threat.
A. claims B. gloats C. boasts D. enjoys
49. The striking laborers ______ demands regarding their working conditions, healthcare, and paid
leave.
A. instigated B. propagated C. mitigated D. stipulated
50. Most humans are instinctively ______ to snakes, which are a danger to our primate ancestors.
A. averse B. perverse C. inverse D. adverse

Questions 5l – 60 GUIDED CLOZE TEST (0.5 pts)

Choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
‘Divorced, Beheaded, Died, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived’ goes the famous rhyme that 51._____
the fates of King Henry VIII’s six wives. The story of King Henry VIII’s six wives has been told for
ceniuries, but never before has it been heard in the way ‘SIX’ shares it. A new Broadway musical show,
‘SIX’ gives 52._____ and tune to the women who served as queens in a modern and upbeat way.
Telling the story of King Henry’s wives, some of whom were killed by order of the king himself,
the show does not, however, feature a character playing the king. 53._____, it is centered on the women,
allowing them to tell their own stories through music.
The entire 80-minute production takes place on a 54._____ that appears to be a concert stage. The
Tudor queens and the band, known as the ‘Ladies in Waiting’, are on stage the entire time. Despite
being based on historical events and characters, ‘SIX’s take on the Tudor era is heavily fictionalized.
55._____ is clear the moment the actresses stepped out in bejeweled and glittering outfits, and the stage,
with modem 56._____ like bass guitar and keyboard, feels more at home at a pop concert than a
historical play.
“It can catch you offguard,” said Sterlyn Termine, a band member. “As soon as the curtains open
and you see guitar, a drum set and keyboards, you will realize that this is going to sound a lot more
modern than you thought.” Still, 57._____ the era and region the storyline takes place in, there are hints
ofthe music from 500 years ago. “There is harpsichord, but it is a synthesized harpsichord, and one of
the songs is polka, German-folk inspired that is accompanied by dubstep and airhorn sounds. It is a
creative and clever fusion,” Termine said. Each queen also has hints of modem-day celebrities, dubbed
‘Queenspirations,’ with their music, intertwined into their characters and songs, paying 58._____ to
‘pop queens’ the likes of Beyoncé, Adele, and Ariana Grande.
The show is high energy from start to finish and does not include an intermission. Many of the
59._____ loved how it was fast-paced and shorter than some other productions, adding that though they
didn’t know what to expect 60._____ the show, they left highly impressed. “We thought we booked the
wrong show, but as the curtains closed, me and my family were all clapping and cheering.” Said a
member in attendance.
(Dillon Thomas, for CBS News)
51. A. recounts B. recalls C. recollects D. recants
52. A. sound B. voice C. music D. tone
53. A. Presumably B. Rather C. Particularly D. In turn
54. A. scenario B. set C. scenery D. setting
55. A. So it B. So much C. As such D. That much
56. A. devices B. equipment C. gadgets D. instruments

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57. A. in honour of B. on behalf of C. in relation to D. on account of
58. A. lip service B. homage C. respects D. court
59. A. audience B. spectators C. viewers D. participants
60. A. in the wake of B. by the end of C. prior to D. throughout

Questions 61 – 70 OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (0.5 pts)

Complete each blank wilh ONE most suitable word. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Roughly two-thirds of the world's cocoa is grown in West Africa, 61._____ MOST of it
concentrating in Ivory Coast and Ghana, and farmers there have faced extreme weather brought by
changing climate 62._____ .PATTERNS. for a few years: heavy rains and flooding, high winds during
the dry season. 63._____ .THIS. has worsened crop disease and road conditions, which disrupts bean
deliveries to ports.
The International Cocoa Organization forecasts that global cocoa supply will decline by almost
11% this season. Other cocoa-growing countries have been unable to fill the 64._____ .GAP. because
ramping up production is expensive and 65._____ .TIME-CONSUMING.; it takes years for newly
planted trees to produce cocoa beans. This extensive shortfall of cocoa has 66._____ .SENT. buyers
scrambling, pushing prices up, and the historic rally has drawn in speculators, exacerbating the price
volatility. Normally, if prices are very high, people start producing more of that commodity, but that is
not the 67._____ .CASE. with cocoa. Thus, these prices are going to stay higher than they were for a
while.
The damaging weather also compounded other ongoing problems. Trees in West Africa have been
aging and yielding less cocoa; farmers in Ghana and Ivory Coast have struggled to battle pests and
disease. In fact, those farmers rarely benefit from the surging cost of cocoa on the 68._____
.MARKET., because they typically pre-sell the beans at agreed-upon prices in 69._____ .ADVANCE..
Unfortunately, the amounts they earn for selling their cocoa cannot 70._____ .MAKE. up for the costs
to replant, buy fertilizers, buy pesticides, etc. The sourcing of cocoa and the model for producing and
trading cocoa in the world is not a sustainable model.

Questions 71 – 80 OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (0.5 pts)

Complete each blank with ONE most suitable word. Write yout answets on the Answer Sheet.
If you’ve seen the movie or television show M*A*S*H, then you’ve seen an ‘ambulance.’ No, not
those trucks that bring patients to hospitals. Back then, the field hospital 71._____ .ITSELF. was the
ambulance. lt brought the care to patients, not the other way around. Just look at the word, lt has the
same 72._____ .ROOT. as words like “ambulatory” or “amble”. 73._____ .IN. essence, the word
means “walking”. The French term from which the English 74._____ .DERIVED. was “hôpital
ambulant”, but Engtish dropped “hôpital”. The emphasis here was on walking and movement.
75._____ .THEN. came the Crimean War (1853-1856). Sometimes considered the first “modern”
war, this struggle for control of the former Ottoman Empire was the first to use railroads and telegraphs
tactically. In 76._____ .ADDITION. to that, the Crimean War was when people began to 77._____
.REFER. to ambulances as the conveyances moving troops from the field to places where their injuries
were 78._____ .TREATED.. This change likely occurred because the war had so many different
theaters. Field hospitals couldn’t possibly have 79._____ .KEPT. up with all of the battles. Thus,
ambulances took you to the hospital instead of being the hospital. Field hospitals still exist today, of
80._____ .COURSE., but they’re no longer called ambulances.

II. READING (2.5 pts) – Questions 81-105

Questions 81 – 90 PASSAGE 1 (1.0 pts)
Read the passage below and answer the following questions.
A. Like a naturalist conducting a tour of the jungle, he led the way to a busy intersection in the center of
town, where several odd things immediately became clear. Not only was it virtually naked, stripped of

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all lights, signs, and road markings, but there was no division between road and sidewalk (89). It was,
basically, a bare brick square.
But in spite of the apparently anarchical layout, the traffic, a steady stream of trucks, cars, buses,
motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians, moved along fluidly and easily, as if directed by an invisible
conductor. When Mr. Monderman, a traffic engineer and the intersection's proud designer, deliberately
failed to check for oncoming traffic before crossing the street, the drivers slowed for him. No one
honked or shouted rude words out of the window. (1) "Who has the right of way?" he asked
rhetorically. "I don't care. People here have to find their own way, negotiate for themselves, use their
own brains."
B. Used by some 20,000 drivers a day, the intersection is part of a road-design revolution pioneered by
the 59-year-old Mr. Monderman. His work in Friesland, the district in northern Holland that takes in
Drachten, is increasingly seen as the way of the future in Europe.
His philosophy is simple, if counterintuitive. To make communities safer and more appealing, Mr.
Monderman argues, you should first remove the traditional paraphernalia of their roads-the traffic lights
and speed signs; the signs exhorting drivers to stop, slow down and merge; the center lines separating
lanes from one another; even the speed bumps, speed-limit signs, bicycle lanes, and pedestrian
crossings. In his view, it is only when the road is made more dangerous, when drivers stop looking at
signs and start looking at other people, that driving becomes safer.
"All those signs are saying to cars, 'This is your space, and we have organized your behavior so that as
long as you behave this way, nothing can happen to you'," Mr. Monderman said. "That is the wrong
story." The Drachten intersection is an example of the concept of "shared space," a street where cars and
pedestrians are equal, and the design tells the driver what to do. "It's moving away from regulated,
legislated traffic toward space which, by the way it's designed and configured, makes it clear what sort
of behavior is anticipated," said Ben Hamilton-Baillie, a British specialist in urban design and
movement and a proponent of many of the same concepts.
Highways, where the car is naturally king, are part of the "traffic world" and another matter altogether.
In Mr. Monderman's view, shared-space schemes thrive only in conjunction with well-organized, well-
regulated highway systems. Variations on the shared-space theme are being tried in Spain, Denmark,
Austria, Sweden, and Britain, among other places. The European Union has appointed a committee of
experts, including Mr. Monderman, for a Europe-wide study. (88)
C. Mr. Monderman is a man on a mission. On a daylong automotive tour of Friesland, he pointed out
places he had improved, including a town where he ripped out the sidewalks, signs, and crossings and
put in brick paving on the central shopping street. An elderly woman crossed slowly in front of him. (2)
"This is social space, so when Grandma is coming, you stop, because that's what normal, courteous
human beings do," he said.
Planners and curious journalists are increasingly making pilgrimages to meet Mr. Monderman,
considered one of the field's great innovators, although until a few years ago he was virtually unknown
outside Holland. Mr. Hamilton-Baillie, whose writings have helped bring Mr. Monderman's work to
wider attention, remembers with fondness his own first visit. Mr. Monderman drove him to a small
country road with cows in every direction. Their presence was reinforced by a large, standard-issue
European traffic sign with a picture of a cow on it. (87)
He said: "What do you expect to find here? Wallabies??" Mr. Hamilton-Baillie recalled. "They're
treating you like you're a complete idiot, and if people treat you like a complete idiot, you'll act like
one."
D. Here was someone who had rethought a lot of issues from complete scratch. Essentially, what it
means is a transfer of power and responsibility from the state to the individual and the community.
Dressed in a beige jacket and patterned shirt, with scruffy facial hair and a stocky build, Mr.
Monderman has the appearance of a football hooligan, but the temperament of an engineer, which
indeed he trained to be. His father was the headmaster of the primary school in their small village; Hans

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liked to fiddle with machines. "I was always the guy who repaired the TV sets in our village," (90) he
said. He was working as a civil engineer building highways in the 1970s when the Dutch government,
alarmed at a sharp increase in traffic accidents, set up a network of traffic safety offices. Mr.
Monderman was appointed Friesland's traffic safety officer.
In residential communities, Mr. Monderman began narrowing the roads and putting in design features
like trees and flowers, red brick paving stones, and even fountains to discourage people from speeding,
following the principle now known as psychological traffic calming, where behavior follows design.
(85) He made his first nervous foray into shared space in a small village whose residents were upset at
its being used as a daily thoroughfare for 6,000 speeding cars. When he took away the signs, lights, and
sidewalks, people drove more carefully. Within two weeks, speeds on the road had dropped by more
than half. In fact, he said, there has never been a fatal accident on any of his roads.
E. Several early studies bear out his contention that shared spaces are safer. In England, the district of
Wiltshire found that removing the center line from a stretch of road reduced drivers' speed without any
increase in accidents.
[...] Mr. Monderman concedes that road design can do only so much. It does not change the behavior,
for instance, of the 15 percent of drivers who will behave badly no matter what the rules are (86). Nor
are shared- space designs appropriate everywhere, like major urban centers, but only in neighborhoods
that meet particular criteria. Recently a group of well-to-do parents asked him to widen the two-lane
road leading to their children's school, saying it was too small to accommodate what he derisively calls
"their huge cars." He refused, saying the fault was not with the road, but with the cars. (3) "They can't
wait for each other to pass?" he asked. [...]
For questions 81 – 85, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best according to the text. Write (A,
B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.
81. What is the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. Traffic safety officer: Challenges and Opportunities
B. Road Safety without Road signs
C. Eliminating Europe's hidden traffic dangers
D. How cars have lost their status as 'king of the road'
82. What word means the CLOSEST to 'anarchical' (section A)?
A. confusing B. orderly C. empty D. chaotic
83. According to the text, what is TRUE about the concept of 'shared space'?
A. It dictates certain behaviours from traffic participants.
B. It first gained popularity in some European countries.
C. It might need certain conditions to be used on highways.
D. It prioritizes pedestrians over vehicle drivers.
84. What can be inferred about Monderman from his comments (1), (2), and (3)?
A. He is passionate about his projects.
B. He is critical of the conventional traffic designs.
C. He is confident about the effectiveness of his designs.
D. He is curious about the behaviours of people in traffic.
85. What is NOT TRUE about Monderman's first experiment with the 'shared space' concept?
A. He was sure it would be a success.
B. It arose from complaints by local people.
C. Driving awareness increased as a result.
D. It did not take long to yield results.

For questions 86 – 90, choose the section (A – E) which contains the following information. Write the
correct letters (A – E) on the Answer Sheet.
86. a reference to reckless drivers .E.
87. a concrete example of unnecessary signage .C.
88. an authority's attempt to take the design to a larger scale .B.

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89. a description of strange traffic settings .A.
90. influence of the engineer's background on his career choice .D.

Questions 91 – 99 PASSAGE 2 (0.9 pts)

Read the passage below and answer the following questions.
‘GOOD VIDEO GAMES AND GOOD LEARNING’ – James P. Gee
Video games are a relatively new technology replete with important, and not yet fully understood,
implications. Scholars have historically viewed the human mind through the lens of a technology they
thought worked like the mind. Locke and Hume, for example, argued that the mind was like a blank
slate on which experience wrote ideas, taking the technology of literacy as their guide. Much later,
modern cognitive scientists argued that the mind worked like a digital program, calculating
generalizations and deductions via a logic-like rule system. More recently, some cognitive scientists,
inspired by distributed parallel-processing computers and complex adaptive networks, have argued that
the mind works by storing records of actual experiences (91) and constructing intricate patterns of
connections among them.
Human societies get better through history at building technologies that more closely capture some of
what the human mind can do and getting these technologies to do mental work publicly. Writing, digital
computers, and networks each allow us to externalize some functions of the mind. Though they are not
commonly thought of in these terms, video games are a new technology in this same line. They are a
new tool with which to think about the mind and through which we can externalize some of its
functions. Video games of the sort I am concerned with – games like Half-Life 2, Rise of Nations, Full
Spectrum Warrior, The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, and World of WarCraft – are what I would call
"action-and-goal-directed preparations for, and simulations of, embodied experience."
Human understanding is not primarily a matter of storing general concepts in the head or applying
abstract rules to experience. Rather, humans think and understand best when they can imagine
(simulate) an experience in such a way that the simulation prepares them for actions they need and want
to take in order to accomplish their goals. Let's take weddings as an example, though we could just as
well have taken war, love, inertia, democracy, or anything. (93) You don't understand the word or the
idea of weddings by meditating on some general definition of weddings. Rather, you have had
experiences of weddings, in real life and through texts and media. On the basis of these experiences, you
can simulate different wedding scenarios in your mind.
You construct these simulations differently for different occasions, based on what actions you need to
take to accomplish specific goals in specific situations. You can move around as a character in the
mental simulation as yourself, imagining your role in the wedding, or you can "play" other characters at
the wedding (e.g., the minister), imagining what it is like to be that person. You build your simulations
to understand and make sense of things, but also to help you prepare for action in the world. You can act
in the simulation and test out what consequences follow, before you act in the real world. You can role-
play another person in the model and try to see what motivates their actions or might follow from them
before you respond in the real world. (94) So I am arguing that the mind is a simulator, but one that
builds simulations to purposely prepare for specific actions and to achieve specific goals.
Video games turn out to be the perfect metaphor for what this view of the mind amounts to, just as slates
and computers were good metaphors for earlier views of the mind. Video games usually involve a visual
and auditory world in which the player manipulates a virtual character (or characters). They often come
with editors or other sorts of software with which the player can make changes to the game world or
even build a new game world. The player can make a new landscape, a new set of buildings, or new
characters. The player can set up the world so that certain sorts of actions are allowed or disallowed. The
player is building a new world, but is doing so by using and modifying the original visual images that
came with the game. One simple example of this is the way in which players can build new skateboard
parks in a game like Tony Hawk Pro Skater. The player must place ramps, trees, grass, poles, and other

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things in space in such a way that players can manipulate their virtual characters to skate the park in a
fun and challenging way.
Even when players are not modifying games, they play them with goals in mind, the achievement of
which counts as their "win state," and it's the existence of such win states that, in part, distinguishes
games from other simulations. These goals are set by the player, but certainly, in collaboration with the
world the game designers have created, and, at least in more open-ended games, players don't just accept
developer's goals, they make real choices of their own. (95) Players must carefully consider the design
of the world and consider how it will or will not facilitate specific actions they want to take to
accomplish their goals. One technical way that psychologists have talked about this sort of situation is
through the notion of 'affordances'. An 'affordance' is a feature of the world (real or virtual) that will
allow for a certain action to be taken, but only if it is matched by an ability in an actor who has the
wherewithal to carry out such an action. For example, in the massive multiplayer game World of
WarCraft stags can be killed and skinned (for making leather), but only by characters that have learned
the 'Skinning' skill. So a stag is an affordance for skinning for such a player, but not for one who has not
acquired said skill. The large spiders in the game are not an affordance for skinning for any players,
since they cannot be skinned at all. Affordances are relationships between the world and actors. Playing
World of WarCraft, or any other video game, is all about such affordances. The player must learn to see
the game world – designed by the developers, but set in motion in particular directions by the players,
and, thus, co-designed by them – in terms of such affordances. Broadly speaking, players must utilize
their resources and think in terms of "What are the features of this world that can enable the actions I am
capable of carrying out and that I want to carry out in order to achieve my goals?"
The view of the mind I have sketched, in fact, argues that the mind works rather like a video game. For
humans, effective thinking is more like running a simulation than it is about forming abstract
generalizations cut off from experiential realities. Generalizations are formed, when they are, bottom up
from experience and imagination of experience. Video games externalize the search for affordances, for
a match between character (actor) and world, but this is just the heart and soul of effective human
thinking and learning in any situation.
For questions 91 – 96, decide if the following statements agree with the information given in the
excerpt.
Write on your Answer Sheet
True if the statement agrees with the information in the passage.
False if the statement contradicts the information in the passage.
Not Given if there is no information on this.

91. The view of the mind as a software predates that of the mind as a record to store information. .T.
92. Technology became more advanced as the result of growing complexity of the mind. .NG.
93. The wedding scenario best exemplifies the necessity of simulations in thinking. .F.
94. Roleplaying in simulations can benefit decision-making in real life. .T.
95. A simulation always requires participants to achieve some kind of victory. .F.
96. The more freedom players are allowed to modify the game world, the more fun and engaging their
experience is. .NG.

For questions 97 – 99, Choose THREE features from the below that best describe video game
'affordances.' Write your answers, in any order, on the Answer Sheet.
A. They facilitate problem solving skills in players.
B. They are particularly common in some genres of game.
C. They allow for modifications of the game's assets. (enabling actions)
D. Players can exert influence on gameplay through them.
E. They connect game developers and players.
F. They might act as restrictions to certain classes of players.
G. They set a fixed path on which players progress. (possibilities for action)

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 H. The term was defined by game developers. (psychology)
I. They invoke a sense of accomplishment in players.

Questions 100 – 105 PASSAGE 3 (0.6 pts)

You are going to read an article. FOUR paragraphs and TWO sentences have been removed. Choose
from the list of paragraphs A-F and the list of sentences G-K the one which fits each gap (100-105).
There are two extra paragraphs and three extra sentences which you do not need to use.
Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
HEART ON YOUR SLEEVE
Fitness trackers that let you self-screen for heart conditions risk doing more harm than good, argues
Margaret McCartney.
Self-empowered, self-motivated, self-aware: we have got used to the idea that more knowledge
about our health is good for us. This ethos has fuelled an explosion in wearable technologies – fitness
trackers, step counters and other gizmos – that give us real-time feedback on key physiological stats
such as heart rate.
100. <missing paragraph> .C.
Atrial fibrillation is a relatively common heart condition in which the two atria of the heart – the
upper chambers – don't contract regularly. [101. <missing sentence> .I.] It increases the risk of blood
clots forming and causing a stroke. Those with the condition may need mediation to thin their blood and
allow their hearts to work efficiently.
102. <missing paragraph> .A.
The problem is that this is mass screening via the back door, with all the associated positives and
negatives. [103. <missing sentence> .K.] It, however, causes far more damage than the disease itself
through false positives and unnecessary worry and treatment.
104. <missing paragraph> .D.
A recent US paper suggests that 10,000 asymptomatic older people would have to be screened to
detect 50 people with atrial fibrillation, and all those 50 would have to be treated to prevent one stroke.
Meanwhile preliminary results of one study, funded by Apple, find that diagnoses of atrial fibrillation
could be confirmed by a subsequent electrocardiogram only in about third of cases.
105. <missing paragraph> .E.
In the UK, the SAFER (Screening for Atrial Fibrillation with ECG to Reduce stroke) study is
getting under way to test whether mass screening for atrial fibrillation is useful, with ethics committee
oversight and informed consent. In the meantime, if you have symptoms – breathlessness, chest pain –
you should see a doctor. If you want to be screened, enter a trial. Just because early detection sounds
sensible doesn't mean it is good for us.

List of paragraphs
A. In the UK, the National Health Service follows evidence-based recommendations made by the National
Screening Committee. Its current advice is clear: don't screen for atrial fibrillation. That is because we
have evidence that treatment works for people with symptoms, or those found to have the condition while
being assessed for another condition. There is no evidence that treatment benefits outweigh the risks for a
wider, asymptomatic population.
B. With major breakthroughs in semiconductors and nanotech, personal health appliance industry has
mushroomed around the globe. Not only tech giants but also young startups such as Misfit have entered
the race and introduced their own wearable products, ranging from smart wristbands to invisible health
widgets to the market.
C. Recently, the makers of the bestselling fitness tracker, the Apple Watch, began to roll out a new feature:
the ability to monitor heart rhythm, and specifically to detect atrial fibrillation.
D. All this matters because the side effects of the blood thinners used to treat atrial fibrillation can be severe,
ranging up to bleeding into the brain or gut. Such treatment would of course only be prescribed after

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 consultation with a doctor. But if you are already finding it difficult to get a doctor's appointment, think of
the impact of a lot of false positives landing on their desk.
E. Such contradicting results have raised concerns among health providers and policy makers who ought to
watch over the system even from the smallest change. Not to mention the opportunity costs one would
have to bear from their individual perspective.
F. So why wouldn't you want to know if you had it? Certainly, some doctors I have spoken to welcome the
diagnostic possibilities that wearables bring; many are enthusiastic users themselves.
List of sentences:
G. They malfunction sometimes, though not impacting the heart.
H. Arguably, its negatives are evidenced by research and policy practices.
I. It can be constant, or intermittent, and becomes more common with age.
J. Individuals may find the health benefits of screening outweigh its drawbacks.
K. Admittedly, it could facilitate early disease detection to avoid adverse consequences.

III. WRITING (3.5 pts) – Questions 106-130

Questions 106 – 115 WORD FORMATION (1.0 pts)
Provide the most suitable form of the given word in brackets to complete each space in the passage
below. Write no more than ONE word for each space. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
PRESCRIPTION ERRORS
In Europe, medical prescriptions were historically written in Latin, for many centuries the universal
language among the educated. A prescription for eye drops written in Amsterdam could be filled in Paris,
because the abbreviation OS meant "left eye" in both places. With the 106._________ APPEARANCE
(APPEAR) of Latin as a lingua franca, however, these abbreviations can be confusing even to trained
professionals. In the early 1990s, two infants died in separate but identical tragedies: they were each
administered 5 milligrams of morphine, rather than 0.5, as the 107._________ DOSAGE (DOSE) was
written without an initial zero. The naked decimal (.5) was subsequently misread. The personal and
economic costs of these 108._________ MISINTERPRETED (INTERPRET) medical prescriptions are
hard to quantify, yet anecdotal evidence suggests that they are prevalent. While mistakes will always
happen in any human endeavor, taking simple corrective steps and also pushing for additional
safeguarding policies would help reduce these unfortunate incidents.
Certain measures are widely agreed upon. For instance, the American Medical Association has
publicly advocated against the use of Latin abbreviations and other relics of historical 109._________
PHARMACOLOGY (PHARMACY). As a result, incidents of mixing up qd (every day), qid (four times
a day), and qod (every other day) seem to be on the decline. Still, enforcing these changes might be
difficult due to the 110._________ DECENTRALIZATION (CENTRAL) of the healthcare system
where each institution has its own authority. Regulators who 111._________ oversee (SEE) potential
areas of confusion, such as drug names have adopted certain changes, such as when the FDA asked a
manufacturer to change the name of Levoxine, a thyroid medication, to Levoxyl so that confusion with
Lanoxin, a heart failure drug, would be reduced. 112._________ LIKEWISE (LIKE), in 1990, the
antacid Losec was renamed Prilosec to 113._________ DIFFERENTIATE (DIFFERENCE) it from
Lasix, a diuretic.
Other measures are controversial or require significant investment and consensus building.
Switching to '114._________ COMPUTERIZED (COMPUTER) prescriber order entry' systems seems
to fix the 115._________ INFAMOUS (FAME) problem of illegible handwriting, but many systems still
permit naked decimals and other dangerous practices. Moreover, since humans must still enter and
retrieve the data, any technological fixes must be accompanied by substantial training. Ultimately, a
manifold approach is likely needed to thoroughly address this issue.

Questions 116 – 120 ERROR CORRECTION (0.5 pts)

Identify the FIVE errors in the following passage and correct them. Indicate the line at which
mistakes are found, and how to correct them. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Example (*):
Line Error Correction

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 1 a backbone the backbone
(*) this example can not be written on your Answer Sheet
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each error/ correction on the Answer Sheet.
Line
1 Family relationships are often seen as a backbone of the society, playing
2 a pivotal role in shaping our values and identities. Over the years,
3 many families have grappled for maintaining close-knit relationships
4 amidst the hustle and bustle of modern life. Engaging in heart-to-heart
5 conversations, cherishing sharing memories, and keeping family traditions alive
6 have all been cited as crucial to fostering strong bonds. However, as
7 technology advances, the way we connect with our loved one has evolved,
8 sometimes in the expense of genuine face-to-face interactions. Thus, making time
9 for our family and nurturing these relationships remain more important than ever.

No. Line Mistake Correction

116 3 grappled for grappled with
117 5 sharing memories shared memories
118 7 loved one loved ones
119 8 in the expense at the expense
120 9 for our family with our family

Questions 121 – 130 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (2.0 pts)

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given in the brackets. Do NOT make any changes to the word given. You must write from THREE to
EIGHT words, including the given word.
Example:
0. Do you mind if I watch you while you paint? (OBJECTION)
🡪 Do you _____________________________ you while you paint?
Write on your answer sheet:
0 have any objection to my watching

121. For the audience, the effortless performance of the acrobats was astonishing. (HOW)
🡪 The audience was _____________________________ performed.
WAS ASTONISHED AT HOW EFFORTLESSLY THE ACROBATS
122. Molly told me it is not a good idea to throw away the receipts. (HOLD)
🡪 ‘You had _____________________________.’ Molly told me.
BETTER HOLD ONTO THE RECEIPTS
123. Being uncharismatic made it hard for her to become a successful actress. (BARRED)
🡪 Her lack of _____________________________ success in acting.
CHARISMA WAS BARRED FROM
124. If we want to finish before the deadline, we have to work faster. (PICK)
🡪 The deadline cannot _____________________________ the pace.
BE MET WITHOUT PICKING UP
125. They will do whatever it takes to save the company. (STOP)
🡪 They will _____________________________ the company going.
STOP AT NOTHING TO KEEP
126. ‘You must tell me how the money got lost!’ the boss demanded. (ACCOUNT)
🡪 The boss demanded that _____________________________ money.

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AN ACCOUNT BE GIVEN FOR THE LOST
127. There is a severe shortage of clean water in our community after the disaster. (DIRE)
🡪 Our community _____________________________ after the disaster.
IS IN DIRE NEED OF CLEAN WATER
128. The economy is in crisis, so it is very likely that many companies will go bankrupt. (VERGE)
🡪 Many companies are _____________________________ to the economic crisis.
ON THE VERGE OF COLLAPSE DUE
129. The manager covered up the mistake because he didn’t want to be criticized. (FEAR)
🡪 The manager swept the mistake _____________________________ criticism.
FOR FEAR OF
130. The touring company stopped to have some food before continuing their journey. (BITE)
🡪 Having _____________________________ their journey.
A BITE TO EAT, THE TOURING COMPANY CONTINUED

THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST

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