Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering & Tech.

Rajkot

Assignment – 5
Introduction to new technology
Last date to submit: 15/10/2022 % Weightage =10.89 Mark=

Total Q Sketches - 3 Mark Q 1 4 Mark Q 4 7 Mark Q 2

Need to write Sketches - 3 Mark Q 4 Mark Q 7 Mark Q

SR. Questions Year Mark

1 Write a note on: Hot In-place recycling W2021 3

2 Write short note on: Stone Matrix Asphalt S2022 4
Discuss the salient features and suitable sites of Thin White 4
3 W2021
Topping
Explain the method of Improvement of Binder in the Reclaimed W2021 4
4
Material
5 What do you mean by Ultra-thin White topping? Explain in brief. W2020 4
Explain the salient features of Stone matrix asphalt as per IRC W2021 7
6
SP-79
Explain the terms: (a) Cold in place (b) Hot in place (c) Micro S2022 7
7
surfacing

GTU Paper Solution of Pavement Design and Highway Construction Sem 5 Civil (GTU 3150613)
Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering & Tech. Rajkot

1. Write a note on: Hot In-place recycling

 In this method the existing pavement is heated and softened, and then scarified or hot
rotary mixed to a specified depth.
 New HMA or recycling agent may be added to the RAP material during the recycling process
 The depth of treatment varies between 20 mm to 50 mm (3/4 inch to 2 inches)
 The Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association (ARRA) have identified three HIPR
processes: (a) surface recycling, (b) repaving, and (c) remixing
 The advantages of hot in-place recycling are that surface cracks can be eliminated, ruts and
shoves and bumps can be corrected, aged asphalt binder is rejuvenated, aggregate
gradation and bitumen content can be modified, traffic interruption is minimal, and hauling
costs are minimized

2.Write short note on: Stone Matrix Asphalt

 SMA is a gap graded aggregate asphalt hot mix that maximizes the asphalt cement content
and coarse aggregate fraction
 SMA provides a stable stone on stone skeleton that is held together by a rich mixture of
asphalt, cement, filler and stabilizing additive

GTU Paper Solution of Pavement Design and Highway Construction Sem 5 Civil (GTU 3150613)
Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering & Tech. Rajkot

 The work shall consist of construction in a single or multiple layer of fibre stabilized SMA for
use as wearing course/binder course on a previously prepared bituminous bound surface.
 The 13 mm SMA shall be used for wearing course with nominal layer of thickness of 40 to 50
mm binder course the 19 mm SMA shall be used for binder course with nominal layer
thickness of 45-75 mm.
 The bitumen shall be viscosity grade paving bitumen conforming to IS:73 or modified bitumen
complying with IS:15462 and IRC: SP:53 of appropriate type and grade capable of yielding the
specified design mix requirements.
 The coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed rock retained on 2.36 mm sieve. It shall be clean,
hard, durable of cubical shape and free from dust and soft organic and other deleterious
substances. The aggregate shall satisfy the physical requirements of SMA

Construction procedure of SMA

1) Preparation of existing bituminous surface
2) Apply tack coat
3) Transportation
4) Laying
5) Compaction
6) Quality control & Surface finishes

3.Discuss the salient features and suitable sites of Thin White Topping

Salient Features Thin White Topping

GTU Paper Solution of Pavement Design and Highway Construction Sem 5 Civil (GTU 3150613)
Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering & Tech. Rajkot

The development of an effective bond between PCC overlay and the existing bituminous
pavement is desirable for the better performance of TWT because the strength of the existing
bituminous pavement is being relied upon to carry part of the traffic load.
i) Extensive surface preparation to promote significant bonding between the concrete
overlay and the bituminous pavement is required. Sometimes chiseling may also be tried
gently at certain locations where milling is difficult to make the bituminous surface rough.
(Excessive roughened surface, however, should be avoided as this could enhance the
frictional forces)
ii) Use of short joint spacing (generally between 1.0 and 1.5 m). Square spacing (e.g. about
1.0 m x 1.0 m) are preferred. Rectangular spacing wherever given should have a ratio not
exceeding 1.2 between the long and the short arms.
iii) The minimum thickness of hot mix bituminous pavement is 75 mm (net excluding the
milled thickness) for TWT. However, it is preferable to have this minimum thickness of
100 mm or more to ensure a reliable strong bituminous base.

Suitable Sites for TWT Some of the sites for TWT overlays are given as:
1. Rural Roads
2. Medium to Moderately Heavy Volume Roads (e.g. MDR, SH, Low Traffic NH)
3. Intersections
4. Minor Airports Pavements
5. Toll plaza
6. Heavy density corridors
7. Low volume metaled village roads
8. New roads for heavy traffic as an alternate to flexible pavement/conventional rigid
pavement
9. Bus bay and truck lay-bye

4.Explain the method of Improvement of Binder in the Reclaimed Material

The improvement of binder in reclaimed material can be done by two methods
1. By adding rejuvenating agents
2. By adding softer grade of bitumen
a. Both bitumen viscosity is combined as per FHWA chart
b. By combining softening point

GTU Paper Solution of Pavement Design and Highway Construction Sem 5 Civil (GTU 3150613)
Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering & Tech. Rajkot

5. What do you mean by Ultra-thin White topping? Explain in brief

What is Whitetopping ?
 Whitetopping is defined as a Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) overlay constructed on the
top of an existing bituminous pavement
 Whitetopping is thus PCC resurfacing (overlay) as a rehabilitation or structural
strengthening alternative on bituminous pavement
The PCC overlay may or may not be bonded to the layer below

Classification of White topping: -

 Whitetopping is classified into three types. This is based on the types of interface
provided i.e. degree of bonding between the underlying bituminous layer with PCC
overlay and the thickness of the overlay
About Ultra-Thin White topping
 PCC overlay of thickness equal to or less than 100 mm is classified as Ultra-Thin White
topping (UTWT).
 Bonding between underlying bituminous layer and overlaid PCC layer is mandatory in case
of Ultra Thin White topping. Milling the existing bituminous surface to an average depth
of 25 mm is normally used to provide the bonding at the interface between the existing
bituminous surface and PCC overlay.
 Such bonding can be provided by some other methods also, but milling is considered
desirable because effective bond between the existing and overlaid surface is absolutely
essential for a better performance of UTWT.
 High strength concrete with fibers is normally provided with closely spaced joints (at
interval of 0.6 to 1.25 m).
 Ultra thin white topping of 50 mm to 75 mm i.e. less than 100 mm is generally not
recommended for Indian condition

GTU Paper Solution of Pavement Design and Highway Construction Sem 5 Civil (GTU 3150613)
Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering & Tech. Rajkot

6.Explain the terms: (a) Cold in place (b) Hot in place (c) Micro surfacing

(a) Cold in place

Family of recycling

 In this method the existing

pavement material is reused
without the application of heat
 No transportation of materials is
usually required, and therefore,
haulage cost is very low
 Normally, an asphalt emulsion or
foamed bitumen is added as
recycling asphalt binder
 The process includes pulverising
the existing pavement, sizing of
the RAP, application of recycling
agent, placement, and
compaction.
 The depth of treatment is typically
from 75 mm to 100 mm (3 inches
to 4 inches) Surface dressing or
asphalt overlay needs to be
provided as a wearing surface.
 The advantages of cold in-place
recycling include significant
structural improvement,
treatment of most pavement
distress, improvement of ride
quality, minimum hauling and air
quality problems, and capability
of pavement widening

GTU Paper Solution of Pavement Design and Highway Construction Sem 5 Civil (GTU 3150613)
Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering & Tech. Rajkot

(b) Hot in place

 In this method the existing pavement is heated and softened, and then scarified or hot rotary
mixed to a specified depth.
 New HMA or recycling agent may be added to the RAP material during the recycling process
 The depth of treatment varies between 20 mm to 50 mm (3/4 inch to 2 inches)
 The Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association (ARRA) have identified three HIPR
processes: (a) surface recycling, (b) repaving, and (c) remixing
 The advantages of hot in-place recycling are that surface cracks can be eliminated, ruts and
shoves and bumps can be corrected, aged asphalt binder is rejuvenated, aggregate gradation
and bitumen content can be modified, traffic interruption is minimal, and hauling costs are
minimised

(c) Micro surfacing

GTU Paper Solution of Pavement Design and Highway Construction Sem 5 Civil (GTU 3150613)
Department of Civil Engineering, Darshan Institute of Engineering & Tech. Rajkot

GTU Paper Solution of Pavement Design and Highway Construction Sem 5 Civil (GTU 3150613)