SWK Book 1 CH 1 Geography As A Discipline

SWK GEOGRAPHY NOTES CLASS11
Chapter-1
Geography as a
Discipline
Geography: The word ‘geography ‘ is derived from two
Greek words geo= earth, graphos=description. Some
scholars defined geography as the description of the earth
as the abode of human beings.
Geo-morphology: It is concerned with the study of

landforms, their evolution and related processes.
Climatology: It is concerned with the study of structure of

atmosphere and elements of weather and climates and
climatic types and regions.
Hydrology: It studies the realm of water over the surface

of the earth including oceans, lakes, rivers and other water
bodies and its effect on different life forms including
human life and their activities.
Soil Geography: It is concerned with the study the

processes of soil formation, soil types, their fertility
status, distribution and use.
CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 1

Social/Cultural Geography: It is concerned with the study

of society and its spatial dynamics as well as the
cultural elements contributed by the society.
Bio-geography: It has emerged as a result of the interface

between physical geography and human geography. It has
three branches:
 Plant Geography,
 Zoo Geography and
 Ecology.
Plant Geography: It studies the spatial pattern of natural

vegetation in their habitats.
Zoo Geography: It studies the spatial patterns and

geographic characteristics of animals and their habitats.
Ecology: It is concerned with the scientific study of the

habitats characteristic of species.
Environmental Geography: It is concerned with

environmental problems such as land gradation, pollution and
environmentconservation.
Who was the first to coin the term

‘Geography’?
ERATOSTHENES, A GREEK SCHOLAR
(276-194 BC)in the third century.
His famous book was called ‘Geographia.’

What is the origin of the

word ‘Geography’?
The word ‘geography ‘ is

derived from two Greek words
geo= earth,
graphos=description.
Some scholars defined
geography as the description
of the earth as the abode of
human beings.
How can we say that the earth is ‘multidimensional’?
Many Sciences developed to describe the physical features

of the earth such as Geology, Pedology, Oceanography
Botany Zoology and
Meteorology & Cultural features of the earth such as
Economics, History, Sociology Political Science,
Anthropology.
How does Geography differ from other subjects?
Geography differs from other subjects in terms of matter

and methodology.
Geography derives its data from Social Sciences and
Natural Sciences.


What do you mean by ‘areal differentiation’?
 Areal differentiation represents one of the classic

philosophical approaches to geographic inquiry.
 A central concept of areal differentiation is that the

surface of the earth may be divided into regions, which
may be distinguished and categorised using various
spatial criteria.
 Thus, areal differentiation provides the theoretical

foundation for regional geography, by conceptualising
space as consisting of identifiable units that may be
distinguished from one another on the basis of a set of
phenomena or criteria.
 When there is similarity and dissimilarity among the

physical and cultural features on the earth surface, it
is called aerial differentiation.
What do Geographers study?

 A geographer is a scholar whose area of study is
geography, the study of Earth’s natural environment and
human society.
 They study the variations and association of the features
on the earth surface e.g. Cropping pattern differs from
place to place and it is due to difference in the climate,
soil, demand, transport facility, capacity of the farmer.
 A geographer also studies the cause and effect
relationships.

 The interaction between man and nature is highly dynamic

and not static; so it is also called as the study of the
relation between unstable earth and untrusting man.
What is the relation between man and nature?
 Humans are sophisticated and evolved animals who have

modified the natural environment to make it suitable
for living.
 While human dependency on nature has been decreased
over the process of evolution, people still demonstrate
many forms of nature contentedness.
 This includes emotional attachment to nature,
perception of themselves as a part of nature, and
activities aimed at nature protection.
 Human is an integral part of nature and nature has
imprints of man.
What is the effect of nature on man?
 Being in nature, or even viewing scenes of nature,

reduces anger, fear, and stress and increases pleasant
feelings.
 Exposure to nature not only makes you feel better
emotionally, it contributes to your physical well being,
reducing blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tension,
and the production of stress hormones.
 It may even reduce mortality. Food clothing, shelter
and occupation of man are decided by the nature.

How does technology help man?

–to loosen the shackles of the physical conditions.
–to develop resources and utilise them.
–to reach the higher needs of the life. It increased the
production of the crops& mobility of labor.
How can we say that Geography is an integrated

discipline?
 It is a discipline of synthesis; it includes spatial and

temporal synthesis.
 Its approach is holistic in nature.
 It recognizes the fact that the world is a system of
interdependence.
 The present world is a global village.
 The efficient transport and communication helped the
world to become unified village.
 The audiovisual media helped the data to be enriched.
Technology provided better chances of monitoring
natural phenomena as well as the economic and social
parameters.
 Geography as an integrating discipline has interface with
numerous natural and social sciences.
What is the basic objective of Sciences & Social

Sciences?
 The basic aim of Science and Social Science is to
understandthe reality of the nature.

How do other subjects help Geography as an integrated

subject?
 History helps in knowing the man-made activities;

 Physics helps to calculate the effect of climate on man.
 Economics helps to understand the effect of human
activities on the development of the country.
 The geographical factors modified the course of history.
 The change in the climate has influence on the
occupation.
What is the importance of PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY?
 Physical geography
includes study of
Lithosphere,
Atmosphere,
Hydrosphere &
Biosphere- each
element is very
important for human
beings.
 Landforms provide
base for agriculture, industries, transport and
communication, and settlements. Mountains provide water
to rivers,
 forests-center for tourist spots.

 –Climate influences on the cropping pattern, livestock,

food and clothes of the people.
 Climate and precipitation influence the type of forests.
Oceans provide food,water transport, and influence the
climate; they are the source of hydrological cycle.
(i) Geomorphology is devoted to the study of land forms,

their evolution and related processes.
(ii) Climatology encompasses the study of structure of
atmosphere and elements of weather and climates and
climatic types and regions.
(iii) Hydrology studies the realm of water over the
surface of the earth including oceans, lakes, rivers and
other water bodies and its effect on different life forms
including human life and their activities.
(iv) Soil Geography is devoted to study the processes of
soil formation, soil types, their fertility status,
distribution and use.

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SWK GEOGRAPHY NOTES CLASS11

Geo-morphology: It is concerned with the study of

Climatology: It is concerned with the study of structure of

Hydrology: It studies the realm of water over the surface

Soil Geography: It is concerned with the study the

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 1

Social/Cultural Geography: It is concerned with the study

Bio-geography: It has emerged as a result of the interface

Plant Geography: It studies the spatial pattern of natural

Zoo Geography: It studies the spatial patterns and

Ecology: It is concerned with the scientific study of the

Environmental Geography: It is concerned with

Who was the first to coin the term

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 2

What is the origin of the

The word ‘geography ‘ is

How can we say that the earth is ‘multidimensional’?

Many Sciences developed to describe the physical features

How does Geography differ from other subjects?

Geography differs from other subjects in terms of matter

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 3

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 4

What do you mean by ‘areal differentiation’?

 Areal differentiation represents one of the classic

 A central concept of areal differentiation is that the

 Thus, areal differentiation provides the theoretical

 When there is similarity and dissimilarity among the

What do Geographers study?

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 5

 The interaction between man and nature is highly dynamic

What is the relation between man and nature?

 Humans are sophisticated and evolved animals who have

What is the effect of nature on man?

 Being in nature, or even viewing scenes of nature,

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 6

How does technology help man?

How can we say that Geography is an integrated

 It is a discipline of synthesis; it includes spatial and

What is the basic objective of Sciences & Social

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 7

How do other subjects help Geography as an integrated

 History helps in knowing the man-made activities;

What is the importance of PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY?

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 8

 –Climate influences on the cropping pattern, livestock,

(i) Geomorphology is devoted to the study of land forms,

CH-1 GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLE Page 9

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