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    Nutrients

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    usama.oryx

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    Nutrients

    Uploaded by

    usama.oryx
    8 views2 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views2 pages

    Nutrients

    Uploaded by

    usama.oryx

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 2

    2.

    1 Nutrients

    Everyone enjoys eating tasty food. Food gives us


    pleasure. It also gives us the nutrients that we need to
    stay healthy.
    Nutrients are substances in food that the body uses:
    • to provide energy
    • to provide materials for making the chemicals that
    are needed to make cells and other parts of
    the body.
    These foods are good sources of protein.
    Different kinds of food contain different nutrients.

    Protein, carbohydrate and fat


    The nutrients that we need to eat in the largest
    quantity are protein, carbohydrate and fat.
    Protein is used for making new cells. Protein is also
    used for making many important chemicals in the
    body, such as enzymes (see pages 28–29) and antibodies
    (see page 37). Cells can use protein to supply energy.
    Carbohydrate is used to provide energy. Starch and These foods are good sources of starch
    sugar are two kinds of carbohydrate. (a type of carbohydrate).

    Fat also provides energy. Fat can be stored in the body.


    Fat stores underneath the skin provide insulation. Fat is
    needed to make new cell membranes.

    Vitamins and minerals


    Vitamins and minerals are nutrients that we need
    in only very small quantities. They do not provide
    energy. There are many different kinds of vitamins
    and minerals that we need to eat. Fruit and vegetables
    are a good source of some of them. There is more These foods contain a lot of fat.
    information about two vitamins and two minerals on
    page 20.

    Fibre and water


    Fibre (roughage) helps to keep food moving easily
    through the digestive system. We get fibre from fresh
    fruit and vegetables, and also from foods made from
    whole seeds such as brown rice or wholemeal bread.
    Water is sometimes considered to be a nutrient.
    Between 60% and 70% of the body is made up
    of water. These foods contain a lot of fibre.

    18 2 Food and digestion


    2.1 Nutrients

    Questions
    1 Explain the difference between food and nutrients.
    2 The headings on the previous page contain the names of the seven kinds
    of nutrients. List them all.
    3 Which three nutrients provide the body with energy?

    Activity 2.1
    Testing foods for carbohydrates

    SE Starch and sugar are two types of carbohydrate.


    You can find out if a food contains starch using iodine solution.
    You can find out if a food contains sugar using Benedict’s solution.
    1 First, test each food for starch.
    • Put a small amount of the food onto a white tile.
    • Add a drop or two of iodine solution. If the iodine turns
    blue-black, there is starch in the food.
    2 Next, test each food for sugar.
    • Chop or crush a small amount of the food,
    and put it into a boiling tube. Add a little
    water and stir or shake it well.
    • Add enough Benedict’s solution to make the
    mixture look blue.
    • Put the boiling tube into a water bath at about
    80 °C. Leave it for about 5 minutes.
    • If there is sugar in the food, the colour will
    no sugar a small a lot of
    change as shown on the right.
    amount sugar
    3 Record your results in a results table like the one
    of sugar
    below. Add as many more rows as you need.

    Food Colour with iodine Did it contain Colour with Did it contain
    solution starch? Benedict’s sugar?
    solution

    Summary
    • We need to eat seven different types of nutrients – protein,
    carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water.
    • Different kinds of foods contain different combinations of
    nutrients.

    2 Food and digestion 19

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