An Introduction to Education

1. Craft (1984) noted that there are two different Latin roots of the English word
Education, They are “Educare” which means to train or to mold and “Educere”
means to lead out, to ‘bring up ‘or draw out’. The Latin word “ educatum” itself
consist of two terms “E” and “Duco” means to grow. The word education comes from
classical Latin word “educator” meaning a person who brings up children.
2. Educationists have discovered few Latin words through investigation. According to
them, the English word “Education” has been derived from the Latin words, Educare,
educere, Educatum, E and Duco, educatus and Edcatutio.
3. Definition of education: Education refers to the discipline that is concerned with
teaching and learning in schools or school-like environment, as opposed to various
informal and non-formal means of socialization.
4. According to Cambridge: meaning of education in English “The process of teaching
or learning especially in school and college or the knowledge that you get from the
this.
5. Education n is an important part of human life. Education gives meaning to our life,
as it enables the growth and development of our-mind and intellect. An educated
society is an enlightened and empowered one, such as society can make well
informed, choice in its social, political and economics welfare. Indeed education is
the backbone of success. It provides individuals with the knowledge, skills and tools
necessary to excel in life and achieve their goals. Education promotes personal
growth, expands employment opportunities and decision making skill.
6. The three words of education are Cultivation, Expansion and Enlightenment. It can
be drag but it can also make your day.
7. Some common smart word Synonyms for education is, Discipline, Instruct, and
School, teach and Train.
8. Power and Data is the backbone of knowledge.
9. Family is the backbone of society and government. They are there when we need
them most. It is important to protect the family from intervening causes.
10. The four component of education are Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to
live together and learning to be.
11. A social science that encompasses teaching and leering, specific knowledge,
beliefs and skills is called education. Study is not just important for educational
development, but also builds personal skills. Having good study skills can improve
your confidence, competence and self esteem which reduce stress and anxiety
around deadlines and exams. We love study as studying gives us purpose.
12. The act or processes of imparting acquiring general knowledge, developing the
powers of reasoning and judgment and general preparation oneself or others
 intellectually for mature life is called education or the act or process of imparting or
acquiring particular knowledge or skill as for a profession.
13. The field of study mainly deals with method and problems of teaching.
14. The process of facilitating learning or acquiring knowledge or skill is called
education.
15. In technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits
its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another.
16. In technical/vocational language, Education is the action or process of educating or
of being educated. Knowledge skill and development gained from study or practice.
The best definition of education is that Knowledge, skill and development gained
from the study or practice.
17. The concept of education is the transmission of knowledge, skill and character traits.
The best definition of education is that “it is Growth resulting from experiences”.
18. The famous definition of education is “a learning cycle for the person to achieve
information and comprehension of the higher explicit items and explicit (definite,
express, specific or perfectly clear in meaning).
19. There are different methods to get education, are teaching training, storytelling and
research or we get education under the guidance of educators. One of the best
definitions of education is “an essential process in human development”. It is
different from schooling. Schooling is just one of the way in which education is
provided, whereas education deals with the total process of human learning by
which knowledge is imparted, faculties are trained and different skills are developed.
20. Nature of education: Education is life long process because every stage of an
individual is important from education point of view.
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali- Jinnah

Education System:
An education system generally refers to the structure of all intuitions and opportunities
for obtaining education in a country. An education system generally refers to public and
private schooling from early year trough to secondary school programs OR everything
that goes into educating State-school students at the state, district and
community levels. Pakistan national education system consist of twelve years
education system come across four levels, Primary school (Grades 1-5), Middle school
(Grades 6-8), Matriculation (Grades 9-10) and Intermediate (Grades 11-12).
There are five countries with best education system are the United States of America,
the United kingdom, Germany, Australia and Sweden,

Types of Education
There are three main types of education, namely Formal, informal and non-formal
education.
(1) Formal education; it is one of most important type of three types of education,
restricted to educational institutions, school, college and universities which is
structural and symmetric form of education or learning. Pre-planned and has
syllabus and curriculum, trained teachers, textbook, time bounded and classroom-
based. Formal education has strict discipline, rules of entry and exit. In three types
of education, only Formal education has different levels of education.
(i) Preschool; The preschool level of education is for students of 3 to 6 years.
During this period they learn basic concept of reading, writing and counting etc.
In some countries preschool level combined with primary school level whiles
some other countries the preschool level is separated from primary school level.
(ii) Primary school; Primary school level is also called ‘Grad school level’ in which
children get an education during the first few years of their childhood. During this
level students learn fundamentals of reading, math and other basic skills.
(iii) Secondary school; It is also called high school level. It is divided into two
categories, the lower secondary level during which student get general
knowledge on different subjects and upper secondary level during which student
get education relevant to employment. The can utilized this knowledge to acquire
the best jobs opportunities.
(iv) Post-secondary school; It is the highest level of education during which
students can get education for specialized fields. All the graduate and
undergraduate programs are included in this post-secondary level of education.
All the courses of law school, vocational school and community college are
included in the post-secondary level.
(2) Informal education; The type of education obtained from through life experiences
in society, peers friends, family members, community, marketplace, hotel, home and
social media like magazines, news paper, library, educational websites, Television
and radio etc which have . Informal education has no rules of entry and exit and not
time bounded and classroom. There is no set curriculum and particular learning
method and no conscious efforts are involved. It is lifelong process where degrees
or certificates are involved.
(3) Non- Formal education; It is not restricted to the classroom, school and institutes
like formal. Various terms are uses for non-formal education that is community
education, adult education and second chance education. The main aspect of non-
formal education is providing education to those children and young adult who can’t
get an education in regular school system. Government and private organization
take steps to provide non-formal education in community. Non-formal education
obtained from open school, Open University, distance education and corresponding
education which is school equivalency preparation can learn literacy, other basic
 skills or jobs. Non-formal imparted consciously and deliberately and systematically
implemented. It should be organized for homogeneous group. Non-formal education
should be programmed to serve the needs of identified group. This will necessitate
flexibility in the design of the curriculum and the scheme of evaluation.
Example of non-formal education Boy Scouts and Girls Guides develop some sports
program such as swimming comes under non-formal education. Fitness programs and
community- based adult education courses. Free courses for adult education are
developed by some organization. The timetable and syllabus can be adjusted. Unlike
theoretical formal education, it is practical and vocational education. Non-Formal
education has no age limit. Fees or Certificates may or may not be necessary. It may be
full time or part time learning and one can earn and learn together. It involves learning
of professional skills.
What is nature and scope of education?
Education is a dynamic process : Education is not a static but a dynamic process which
develops the child according to changing situations and times. It always induces the individual
towards progress. It reconstructs the society according to the changing needs of the time and
place of the society.
By scope of education, we mean the. range of educational operation in terms of various learning
environments, the major focus of the study of knowledge or the mode of imparting education.
The social aim of education is to develop the individual's ability to contribute to society.
The right to an education should be guaranteed to every member of society, regardless
of their financial situation.
History of Education and Educational Policies

The first education system was created in Xia dynasty (2076–1600 BC). During Xia
dynasty, government built schools to educate aristocrats about rituals, literature and
archery (important for ancient Chinese aristocrats). During Shang dynasty (1600 BC to
1046 BC), normal people (farmers, workers etc) The Xia dynasty is said to be the first to
irrigate, produce cast bronze, and build a strong army. It used oracle bones and had a
calendar. Xi Zhong is credited in legend with inventing a wheeled vehicle (Yu the Great
leader of Xia dynasty).

Education in the Indian subcontinent began with teaching of traditional elements such
as Indian religions, Indian mathematics, Indian logic at early Hindu and Buddhist
centre’s of learning such as ancient Takshashila (in modern-day Pakistan) and Nalanda
(in India).

History of Education dates back to written records in ancient ages. In Asia, education
was primarily rooted in teachings of three major philosophical, religious traditions;
Hinduism (including Buddhism), Islam and Confucianism (including Neo-Confucianism).
Confucius is thought to have been the world's first teacher. He was a private tutor who
taught history. Previously, only the royal or noble classes had access to education.
Confucius, on the other hand, changed this perception and taught anyone who was
willing to learn.

The history of learning can be traced back to the times of the earliest human
civilizations. The notion of learning was thought to have occurred first among the
Ancient Egyptians and the Greeks. They were the first to assume that intelligence,
senses, and emotions were roles of the heart.

When the British came (and they took almost 150 years before they had control over the
entire subcontinent) the system of education was managed by local religious bodies and
shrines. There was no state-managed education system. No state-run schools. There
were schools managed by Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs

What is the history of Mughals in subcontinent?

The Mughal Empire was important for bringing almost the entire Indian subcontinent
under one domain, drawing the subcontinent's regions together through enhanced
overland and coastal trading networks. It was also known for its cultural influence and
its architectural achievements (most famously, the Taj Mahal). The origin of Mughal
School of painting is considered to be a land mark in the history. Anew culture of
painting developed under the patronage of Mughal rulers of Taimur dynasty in Bukhara
and Samarkand and it reached its peak during the 15th century. Taimur gave due
regard and importance to the artists in his court.
The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries
(The Mughal Empire, 1526–1761. ) It consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread
Muslim ( particularly Persian) arts and culture as well as the faith. The Mughals were
Muslims who ruled a country with a large Hindu majority
The Mughal Empire is said to be founded in 1526(16th century). by Babur, a Timurid
prince from Ferghana which to-day is in Uzbekistan, defeated the sultan of Delhi,
Ibrahim lodi, in the first battle of panipat. Baber was the eldest son of Umar- Sheikh
Mirza (Governor of Ferghana) and a great grandson of Timur. Who was descended
from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his
father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side. Paternally, Babur belonged
to the Turkicized Barlas tribe of Mongol origin. the important points of the Mughal
dynasty was founded by Babur (who reigned from 1526–30). He was a Chagatai Turkic
prince and was descended from the Turkic conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) on his father's
side and Genghis Khan, on his mother's side.

The second Mughal emperor is Humayun, also known as Nasir-al-Din Muhammad was
born in kabul 6 March 1508.
The third emperor is Abu’l- Fath-ud-din Muhammad Akbar is also popularly known as
Akbar the Great. Who reigned from 1556 to 1605? Akbar was the founder of Mughal
School and is known as the father of Mughal School.
The reign of Akbar is known for the initial works of Mughal School done by Mir Sayyed
Ali and Abdus Samad Khan. The Mughal School of Painting began under the reign of
Akbar, who was passionate about the arts of painting and building in 1560 CE. During
his reign, he built a painting workshop under the guidance of two Persian experts, Mir
Sayyed Ali and Abdul Samad Khan, who had previously worked for his father Humayun.

The fourth Muhal emperor is Jahangir. His original name is Nur-al-Din Muhammad
Salim was born in 31 August 1569 Fatehpur Sikri (india) reign from 1605 to 1627.
The Mughal Emperor paid no such attention towards the education if women, technical
education and professional education. The mughal emperors were among india’s
greatest patrons of art. The Mughal spread Muslim arts, culture and religion throughout
empire including other parts of Asia. During Mughal period subject like philosophy,
history, Literature and Arts made tremendous progress. The most famous, greatest and
finest example of Mughal architecture is Taj Mahal in Agra. Taj Mahal is also one of the
world’s most iconic monuments, visited by millions of tourist each year. Taj Mahal, Jama
Masjid, Shalimar Gardens of Lahore, The wazir khan Mosque and renovated the Lahore
Fort during the reign of Shah-Jahan.
The three ideals method of Mughal administration, Kankut, Rai and Zabti of revenue
collection were firm administrative stepup that provide strength for a smooth
functioning.

What was the nickname of the Mughal emperors?

Mughal emperors - Wikipedia

The Mughal rulers styled themselves as Badshah (great king) or Shahanshah, a title
usually translated from Persian as "emperor". They began to rule parts of India from
1526, and by 1707 ruled most of the sub-continent
When did education start in Pakistan?

Free and compulsory education by the government was recommended in 1947 at the first educational
conference. In 1971, the country's constitution affirmed education as a universal right, with at least 10
years of education to be provided by the government.

Which is the first school in Pakistan?

Karachi Grammar School is the oldest school in Pakistan and has educated many Pakistani businessmen
and politicians. The Narayan Jagannath High School in Karachi, which opened in 1855, was the first
government school established in Sindh.

Who is Pakistan 1st Education Minister?

Fazlur Rahman (Bengali: ফজলুর রহমান, Urdu: 1966–1905 ;‫ )فضل الرحٰم ن‬was a Pakistani Bengali politician
and lawyer. He was the first Education Minister of Pakistan and a member of the 1st and 2nd National
Assemblies of Pakistan.

Which is the first educational policy of Pakistan?

Therefore, the First Education Conference was held in Karachi in November 1947, which provided
guidelines for reconstruction of the future system of education in Pakistan; similarly, a Commission on
National Education was set up in 1959 to provide a comprehensive framework for the reorganization and
What is the purpose of education in Pakistan?

Education guides individuals about their roles and responsibilities which they will be deliver accordingly
for the betterment of each individual in a society. This all leads to peace and harmony among
individuals.reorientation of .

What is the purpose of education in Pakistan?

Education guides individuals about their roles and responsibilities which they will be deliver accordingly
for the betterment of each individual in a society. This all leads to peace and harmony among individuals.

Which is the largest school system in Pakistan?

The Sadiq Public School (SPS) is a college-preparatory boarding school located in Bahawalpur, Punjab,
Pakistan. It also takes day pupils. It is one of the largest schools in Pakistan and its area of 451 acres
(1.83 km2) makes it both the largest in the country and in continental Asia.

Education provides the base for socio-economic development.

When Pakistan was established as its own nation in 1947, the country had a weak administrative
infrastructure and meagre financial resources (Ali & Farah, 2007). Free and compulsory education
by the government was recommended in 1947 at the first educational conference. In 1971, the
country’s constitution affirmed education as a universal right, with at least 10 years of education to
be provided by the government. While there were mass increases in the provision of schooling,
quality was and remains poor, particularly at schools serving rural areas, girls, and children from
poor families.
The federal Ministry of Education in Pakistan is responsible for overall policy-making, advisory, and
coordinating. Provincial departments of education are responsible for provincial policy making,
implementation of both federal and provincial policies, and disbursement of budget. Government schools are
managed at the district level, with Executive District Officers of Education (EDOE) responsible for planning,
budgets, and management of schools. District Officers of Education (DOE) handle different portfolios such as
primary education and teacher training. Assistant District Officers (ADOs) and their teams are responsible
for managing education at a more local level – including inspection and supervision.

National education policy in Pakistan tends to be influenced by both local priorities and the influences of
international donors and international development agencies. Education policies sometimes change in
fundamental ways in a short period of time, according to the government in power as well as external and
local influences. For example, policy around Urdu as the medium of instruction at schools has changed a few
times in a short period of time. Moreover, NGOs often supplement government efforts in education. Thus,
funds and directions are often short-term and inconsistent, resulting in the unsustainability of many reform
initiaEducation System

In Pakistan today, formal education is partitioned into four levels: primary schools from Grades 1 to 5,
middle schools from Grades 6 to 8, high schools for Grades 9 and 10, and college for two years to reach
Intermediate level. After Intermediate, students can do two or three more years in college to get a
Bachelor’s degree or go on to professional colleges. Bachelor’s degrees can be followed by Master’s degrees
and then PhD degrees.

Four major types of schools exist in present-day Pakistan (Ali & Farah, 2007):

Government schools: These schools are owned and operated by the government, and follow the national
curriculum and examination system. The government is responsible for the school building, prescribing and
providing textbooks, hiring teachers, teacher salaries, and monitoring and supervision. While there are no or
only nominal school fees, families must pay for other expenses such as notebooks, stationary, and uniforms.
In most government schools, Urdu is the medium of instruction, although it is not the home language for
many students. In Sindh, many schools are also Sindhi medium. English is taught as a compulsory subject.
Government schools have limited resources and quality is often inadequate – particularly in rural areas.
These schools mostly serve students from low-income families.

Private schools: These schools are owned and operated privately, and cater mostly to children in urban
areas from higher income families. They charge relatively high school fees, tend to be well-resourced, and
use English as the medium of instruction (and Urdu is taught as a compulsory subject). They follow either
the national curriculum and examination system, or the British curriculum and examination system.

Community-based schools: These schools are usually established by non-governmental organizations

(NGOs) in collaboration with local communities – sometimes with support from the government or an
international donor. The community generally provides the venue for the school. Teacher salaries are paid
either through external funding or from community resources. Community members form a committee to
manage the school and train and supervise teachers, often with the support of the NGO. The schools are
intended for poor and rural communities. Families pay relatively low school fees and cover other school
expenses.

Madressas: These schools are generally attached to a mosque, and focus primarily on religious education.
Madressas are usually funded by Pakistani or international donors. They generally do not charge fees and
often provide boarding and lodging for students. Madressas thus are generally accessed by students from
very low-income families who are struggling to meet their basic needs.
At all primary schools in Pakistan, the following subjects are compulsory: Urdu, English, mathematics,
science, social studies, and Islamic studies (Ali & Farah, 2007). Madressas affiliated with the Pakistan
Madressa Education Board are obligated to teach similar subjects, but many madressas are affiliated with
their own boards and teach mostly or only religious subjects. Private and community-based schools often
have additional subjects.

There are two systems of education in Pakistan: traditional and modern. The traditional system, which
focuses on Islam, has experienced an exponential growth since the 1970s, influenced by the wave of Islamic
fundamentalism from Iran. In the late 1990s, the traditional Islamic schools, called madrassahs, came
increasingly under the influence of the anti-West Taliban movement in Afghanistan. The traditional schools
have multiplied tenfold, for the large part training mujahideens whom the government of General Parvez
Musharraf, who assumed authority in October, 1999, has lauded as freedom fighters, ready to wage a jihad
(religious war) through terrorist activities against nonbelievers. While only 4,350 madrassahs are registered
with the government, the actual number has been estimated at between 40,000 to 50,000. A revealing
article by U.S. anti-terrorist expert Jessica Stern in Foreign Affairs (November-December 2000) has warned
the world about the kind of "education" imparted by these "Schools of Hate" and their role in creating a
"mindset" for jihad.

A critical examination of the modern formal education system extending from primary to the
university levels by experts ranging from the World Bank to those in research institutes in
Pakistan has found the colleges in the country "sub-standard, bureaucratic, government-
controlled, poor and inefficient," to quote Tariq Rahman of the National Institute of Pakistan
Studies of the Quaid-I-Azam University. Such criticism fails to explain how the several hundred
thousand Pakistani graduates who have migrated to the West, notably to Great Britain, the
United States, and Canada, mostly as professionals—whether as doctors, engineers, pharmacists
or educators—have with only marginal additional training been able to compete with the very
best in those advanced countries.

Pakistan came into being when colonial British rule on the Indian subcontinent ended in August
1947 and the two sovereign states of India and Pakistan were created. Of these, Pakistan
constituted two wings—West and East—separated by more than one thousand miles of Indian
territory. The new state was the result of a demand for a separate homeland for India's Muslims
as articulated by the Muslim League political party and its sole spokesman, Mohammed Ali
Jinnah (1876-1948). The Lahore Resolution, adopted by the Muslim League in 1940, however,
had called for independent states in the northeast and northwest. That was changed by Muslim
League legislators in 1946, who called for a single Muslim state, Pakistan. The new state's
capital was Karachi. Partition still left one-third of the subcontinent's Muslims in India; after the
separation of East Pakistan and the birth of Bangladesh in 1971, Pakistan was left with 45
percent of its original population, the number of its Muslim citizens being less than those in
India.

For the first 24 years of its history, Pakistan had two constituent parts: West Pakistan,
comprising the four provinces of the Punjab (western half of the old Punjab), Sind, the North-
West Frontier Province (NWFP), and Baluchistan; and East Pakistan, comprising East Bengal,
which seceded after a bitter political struggle and military conflict from Pakistan in December
1971 to become the new state of Bangladesh with 55 percent of the population. Pakistan is
bounded to the west by Iran, by India to the east, China to the northeast and Afghanistan in the
north. There are federally ruled territories, including the capital of Islamabad, and the country
controls a part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Pakistan traces its history of education to the advent of Islam and Islamic/Arabic culture to the
Indian subcontinent with the invasion of Muhammad bin Qasim in Sind in 712 A.D.. By that
time, the Arabs had already distinguished themselves not only as conquerors and administrators
over vast territories in the Middle East and North Africa but even more significantly as creators
of a culture replete with literature, art, architecture, and religious studies. With the establishment
of Muslim rule at Delhi in 1208 A.D., the Islamic culture made extensive inroads on the
subcontinent, converting a quarter of its population to Islam over the next five centuries.

The traditional school system had been the mainstay of education among Muslims of the
subcontinent from the thirteenth to the eighteenth centuries until the rise of the British power
beginning in 1757. Increasingly, some leaders of the Muslim community, notably Sir Sayyid
Ahmad Khan (1817-1898), urged the Muslim youth to join the modern educational system
initiated by the British. With the adoption of English as a medium of instruction after Thomas
Babington Macaulay's infamous minute in 1835, and the rapid increase in the number of
educational institutions following Sir Charles Wood's Education Despatch of July 1854, learning
in Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian receded, making way for English and for the adoption of
Western education. In 1857 three universities were established in the "presidency" cities of
Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, producing not only the subordinate bureaucrats as intended but
also hundreds of university graduates wanting to take up higher education in the social sciences,
humanities, and natural sciences.

Hindus took more readily to the new education than did the Muslims. Muslim leaders such as Sir
Sayyid saw the danger that their co-religionists would fall behind the Hindus and be kept out of
the bureaucracy if they did not prefer the modern educational system over the traditional. Under
Sir Sayyid's leadership, the Anglo-Oriental College (later upgraded to Aligarh Muslim
University) was founded in 1875. It did not eliminate the traditional system of education, but
there is no doubt that it seriously undermined its standing and standards. The Anglo-Oriental
College provided higher education on the British pattern (more particularly that of Cambridge
University) and produced a remarkable leadership for the Muslims of the subcontinent,
particularly in present-day Uttar Pradesh, for educational, social, and legal reform and promoted
the Muslim nationalist movement, which eventually led to the partition of the subcontinent and
the birth of Pakistan. It also produced brilliant graduates, who went to England for higher
education, some of them serving in the Indian Civil Service, which prided itself in being the iron
framework of the British imperial edifice in India.

Roughly 67 percent or two-thirds of Pakistan's population of 129,871,000 (1995 estimate) lives

in rural areas, leaving about 43 million in urban areas. Nationwide, children between ages 5 and
9, the primary school age, numbered about 16.8 million, while those between 10 and 17, at
which point they would reach the 12th grade, numbered about 21.7 million. In general, the
population is young, with persons below 30 numbering about 65 million, accounting for 50
percent of the total.
The population comprises five ethnic groups: the Punjabis, constituting the majority at 63
percent of the total; the Sindhis, at 12 percent; the Pathans, at 16 percent; Baluchis, at 5 percent;
and mohajirs (literally, immigrants), who were primarily the result of a massive migration in
1947 mainly from India's state of Bihar. Corresponding to these categories are the linguistic
groups, though they do not necessarily match the administrative boundaries. The languages
claimed by the people in the census as mother tongue include: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Baluchi
and Brahui, the last two being used in Baluchistan.

Although Urdu is claimed by a small percentage (eight percent) as their mother tongue, it enjoys
the status of the national language largely because of its historical importance during the
movement for the Muslim homeland. Urdu, the language of the educated Muslim elite from
Northern India who provided critical leadership to the nationalist movement for the creation of
Pakistan, draws substantially on Persian and Arabic for its vocabulary and uses a modified
version of the Persian script, which is written from right to left. Since the birth of Pakistan, Urdu
is taught in all schools; in Punjab, it is taught as first language and its script is used by those
writing in Punjabi.

English was used from the beginning as a national language for official purposes. And though
the 1956 constitution limited its use for 20 years, the 1973 constitution stipulated a 15-year
period during which Urdu would completely replace English for official purposes. This has not
happened.

Almost all the people—97 percent—are Muslims, two-thirds of whom are Sunnis professing the
orthodox Hanafi school of jurisprudence. Nearly one-third are Shi'ites, who are subdivided into
Ismailis (followers of the Agha Khan), the Twelvers (Ithna Asharis), and Bohras. Besides these,
there is a very small though influential sect of the Ahmadiyahs, or Qadianis, who do not accept
Muhammad as the final prophet, which constitutes the first of the five basic tenets of Islam. In
1974, a constitutional amendment categorized the Ahmadiyahs as non-Muslims; they were
grossly persecuted during the decade-long Zia regime (1977-88). Hindus and Christians account
for 1.5 percent each, and there are small numbers of Parsis or Zoroastrians, with a very high
percentage of graduates and professionals.

At the time of the country's birth in 1947, large-scale human migrations took place: an estimated
4.7 million left Pakistan for India while 6.5 million came to Pakistan with a net gain in
population of 1.8 million. The largest demographic changes occurred in the Punjab, which
gained 5.2 million and lost 3.6 million. The second largest to suffer demographic changes was
Sind, which lost most of its Hindu population, which had controlled more than 90 percent of its
economy and held important positions in bureaucracy, education, and the professions. Most
immigrants flocked to the cities; in 1951, nearly one-half of the population in the major cities
were immigrants, including a very large group from India's Bihar state. The Biharis and their
descendants are pejoratively called mohajirs (immigrants), a term that should have applied to
everybody who came from outside and should, in all fairness, have a terminal date, after which
time they should be considered regular inhabitants of the land. The Biharis, who concentrated in
Karachi, remain unintegrated into the Pakistani society even a half-century after their initial
migration. During the very unsettling conditions in Afghanistan in the late 1970s and early
1980s, an estimated 3.7 million refugees moved into Northwest Pakistan, placing an economic
burden on all the facilities, including the educational system

Current affairs about education in Pakistan

1. What is the 3 tier education system in Pakistan?
Answer: The three-tier education system In Pakistan is: elementary (grade 1-8),
secondary (grade 9-12), and tertiary or higher education, after 12 years' schooling.
Elementary education is split up into primary (grade 1-5) and elementary/middle (grade
6-8) and is catered in primary and elementary schools.
2. What is the name of Pakistan Ministry of education?
Answer: Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training
Rana Tanveer Hussain , Federal Minister.
3. Who was the first female minister of education in Pakistan?
Answer: Zubaida Jalal Khan
4. Who is the student leader of Pakistan?
Answer: Muslim Student Federation or MSF is a conservative Pakistani political group
that was started on September 1, 1937, in Calcutta, India by the old All-India Muslim
League. The group has a wing in Pakistan that is led by Rana Arshad.
5. What is the first education conference in 1947?
Answer: The first Educational Conference in Pakistan was convened in Karachi from
the 27th November to the 1st December 1947 with a view to assisting the Education
Division of the Ministry of the Interior in determining the future educational policy and
program of Pakistan. The Education Policy, 1970 had more focus on the
decentralization of the Education administration, and structural changes (Shami, 2005).
It was recommended that school education should comprise class I to X with the
organizational structure of elementary schools (class I-VIII) and high schools (Class IX-
X).
6. What is Pakistan education policy 1972?
Answer: The Education Policy: 1972-8011. It declared that “education will be made free
and universal up to Class X for all children throughout the country ... in both
Government and privately-managed schools.
7. How long is school day in Pakistan?
8. What is the rank of Pakistan in education among the world?
Answer: Pakistan stands 94th in global quality education list. The Spectator Index, a
watchdog which focuses on politics, economics, history, military affairs, sports, science
and technology, has tweeted a list of 137 countries where quality education prevails.
9. What is the literacy rate in Pakistan?
Answer: 58.00% .Pakistan literacy rate for 2019 was 58.00%, a 0.99% increase from
2018. Pakistan literacy rate for 2018 was 57.01%, a 2.12% decline from 2017. Pakistan
literacy rate for 2017 was 59.13%, a 2.15% increase from 2014. Pakistan literacy rate
for 2014 was 56.98%, a 1.38% increase from 2013.
10. Who is the Minister of Education Punjab?
Answer: Minister of School Education Department Punjab Dr. Murad Raas inaugurated
'English as a Subject for Teachers and Educators (EaSTE) Training' at Quaid-e-Azam
Academy for Educational Development Punjab (QAED) Punjab.