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Odd Handout

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Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

LEARNING THEORIES AND


DIFFERENTIALS ODD:
•Conduct Disorder
•ADHD HUMANISTIC
•Mood Disorders
•PMT
•Disruptive Mood
•School-based interventions
Dysregulation Disorder
•Individual child therapy
CAUSES •Family therapy
•Journaling
BIOLOGICAL
• Low level of MAO – O BEHAVIORAL
• Changes in cortisol levels •Treat comorbid disorder first,
• reduced basal ganglia such as ADHD.
reactivity •Clear, consistent
expectations
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES and consequences.
•Childhood maltreatment •Reward positive behaviors
•Harsh, inconsistent and ignore negative
parenting.
attention-seeking behaviors.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES
•Prevalence with another COGNITIVE
mental disorder • Identifying outburst
•Temperament triggers and consequences
•Reaction to other • Learning strategies to
KEY FEATURES – DSM – V peers, situations at home or regulate emotion
Criterion A in the community • Self-monitoring changes in
• Angry/Irritable Mood emotion.
• Argumentative/Defiant
Behavior COMPLICATIONS: HOME
• Vindictiveness • Girls: Depression and • PMT
Criterion B- Anxiety • Incredible Years
Distress in the individual or • Boys: Conduct Disorder • Triple P
others in his or her • Adults: Troubles with law, • BEST
immediate social context. career and family • PCIT
Criterion C-
Not during a psychotic episode, COMMUNITY
substance use, PHARMACHOLOGIC
• CPS
depressive, or bipolar disorder. THERAPY
• Peer Group Therapy
• Antipsychotics
SEVERITY • Stimulants
• Mood stabilizers SCHOOL
• Mild: one setting
• PLP
• Moderate: two settings
SUMMER DUCHESNEAU • IBSP
• Severe: three or more
& • Dreikurs’ Theory
settings OYELADUN OYEKANMI • PATHS®
• Assertive discipline
Additional Resources:
• What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Autism 360TM. (2020, November 26). https://www.autism360.com/what-is-
oppositional-defiant-disorder/

• Marks, T. (2023, March 15). Oppositional defiant disorder: The disorder that makes you defy authority.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iA_PhwvAhsY

• NSW Government. Evidence-based strategies for Oppositional


Defiant Disorder. https://education.nsw.gov.au/campaigns/inclusive-practice-hub/all-resources/primary-
resources/understanding-disability/oppositional-defiant-disorder/evidence-based-strategies

• Edutopia. (2021, September 2). Understanding and Supporting Your Student With ODD. You
Tube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3YJrjqfd64&t=168s
Works Cited:
 (2023, April 14). 15 Learning Theories in Education. Education Corner. https://www.educationcorner.com/learning-theories- in-education/
 Aggarwal, A., & Marwaha, R. (2022, September 19). Oppositional defiant disorder. Australian family physician.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18523691/
 Behavioral and Emotional Skills Training (BEST)SM. Child Mind Institute. (2023, October 6). https://childmind.org/care/areas-of-
expertise/adhd-and-behavior-disorders-center/behavioral-and-emotional-skills-training/
 Braaten, E. (2021, March 16). CBT Snapshot: Using cognitive behavior therapy for oppositional defiant disorder & conduct disorder. The
Clay Center for Young Healthy Minds. https://www.mghclaycenter.org/parenting-concerns/cbt-snapshot-using-cognitive-behavior-therapy-
for-oppositional-defiant-disorder-conduct-disorder/
 Cal State LA. Example Abstract for Dreikers.
https://web.calstatela.edu/faculty/jshindl/cm/Dreikurs%20abstract.htm#:~:text=%EF%BF%BD-
,%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%
BD%EF%BF%BD,order%20of%20difficulty%20to%20treat
 Classroom Management Theorists and Theories/Rudolf Dreikurs. Wikibooks, Open books for an open world.
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Classroom_Management_Theorists_and_Theories/Rudolf_Dreikurs
 Cherry, K. (2022, November 14). What Is Humanistic Psychology. Very well Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what- is- humanistic-
psychology-2795242#toc-history-of- humanistic-psychology
 Collaborative & Proactive Solutions. https://www.cpsconnection.com/
 Five Research-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children!. YouTube. (2020, May 23).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmhBCLA8VwY
 Hasan, S. (Ed.). (2023, June). Oppositional Defiant Disorder Factsheet (for Schools). Kids Health. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/odd-
factsheet.html
 Hood, B. S., Elrod, M. G., & DeWine, D. B. (2015, April 3). Treatment of Childhood Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40746-015-0015-7
 Lovering, N. (2021, September 29). Treating Oppositional Defiant Disorder. https://psychcentral.com/disorders/oppositional-defiant-
disorder-treatment#therapy
 McIntyre, T. Assertive Discipline. Behavior Advisor. https://www.behavioradvisor.com/AssertiveDiscipline.html
 National Center for Biotechnology Information. Table 18: DSM-IV to DSM-V Oppositional Defiant Disorder Comparison. National
Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519712/table/ch3.t14/
 Reddy, S., & Kumar, S. Q&A: Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Ask a health professional. https://microsoftstart.msn.com/en-ca/health/ask-
professionals/expert-answers-on-oppositionaldefiantdisorder/hp-
oppositionaldefiantdisorder?questionid=l3i268bk&type=condition&source=bingmainline_conditionqna
 Rodden, J. (2019, August 28). What Does Oppositional Defiant Disorder Look Like in Adults? ADDitude.
https://www.additudemag.com/oppositional-defiant-disorder- in-adults/
 Shi, J., Cheung, A. C. K., & Ni, A. (2022, November 25). The Effectiveness of Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies Program: A
meta-analysis. . https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1030572/full
 What is PCIT?: Parent Child Interaction Therapy. PCIT. https://www.parentchildinteractiontherapy.com/what- is-parent-child- interaction-
therapy

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