National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

National Junior College

2015 – 2016 H2 Mathematics
Complex Numbers Tutorial 1 (Algebra & Representation) [approx. 3 lessons]

Basic Mastery Questions

1. Simplify the following complex numbers in the Cartesian form, x iy :

7 5i
(a) 3 8i 5 7i (b)
4 3i

2. Find the modulus and argument of the following complex numbers, leaving the arguments in
exact radians. Hence express the complex numbers in polar form and exponential form.
(a) 2i (b) 1 3i
1 3i
(c) 1 i 1 3i (d)
1 i
π π
i i
(e) 1 e3 (f) 3e 3
5π
i
(g) 3 (h) 3e 6 ignore the ans

3. Convert the following complex numbers into Cartesian form

π
5π 5π i
(a) 2 cos i sin (b) 2e 3
6 6
Steps: 1. work out the sign of Re and Im; 2. work out the basic angle and thus the magnitude of Re and Im;
3. expand the bracket
nth Roots of a Complex Number
4. (a) Find the eighth roots of unity, leaving all your answers in exponential form.
(b) Find all the roots of the following equations:
(i) z 2 8i 0 (Leave your answers in Cartesian form.)
(ii) z4 16 16 3i (Leave your answers in Polar form.)
3
(iii) ( z 1) 8 0 (Leave your answers in Cartesian form.)

5. See the following proof:

1 i2 i i 1 1 1 1

1 1 ??? What went wrong?

Tutorial Questions

Complex Algebra; Applications of properties of modulus and argument

1. Find the exact values of the modulus and argument of z 3 i and w 4 4i .

1 1 3 z*
Hence evaluate (i) , (ii) , (iii) w * , (iv) , (v) z 2 w3 ,
z z* w
leaving your answers in exact polar form.

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2. The complex numbers p and w are such that

7 5
p 3, arg p , and w 2, arg w .
8 8

2p
(i) Find the exact values of the modulus and argument of .
w2
n
2p
(ii) Hence find the smallest positive value of n such that is purely imaginary.
w2
(2011/MJC/P1/11a modified)

1
3. (i) The complex number w has modulus r and argument θ, where 0 π , and w*
2
w
denotes the conjugate of w. State the modulus and argument of p, where p .
w*
(ii) Given p5 is real and positive, find the possible values of θ.
(GCE 2008 / P2 / Q3 (Modified))

π
4. The complex number a has modulus r and argument , where 0 r 1 and 0 . The
2
b
complex number b is such that 1 and arg(a) arg(b) π.
a
b
Let the points A, B, C, D and E represent the complex numbers a, b, a + b, and ia
a*
respectively, where a * denotes the conjugate of a.
On a single clearly labelled Argand diagram, illustrate these five points.

5. Show that e2 i
e 2 i
is a real number for all α.
2
The complex number w is given by w , where 0 π.
1 e4 i
Show that Re(w) = 1.

Solving simultaneous equation; Application of equality of real and imaginary parts

6. The complex number w is such that ww * 2w 3 4i , where w * is the complex conjugate

of w. Find w in the form a ib , where a and b are real. (GCE 2007 / P1 / Q3b)

7. Solve the simultaneous equations

iz 2w 1 and 4 z 3 i w* 6,
giving z and w in the form a + bi where a and b are real.

2
8. Given that x iy 12i 5 , where x and y are real numbers, find the set of possible values
of x iy . Hence solve the equation z 2 4 z 12i 9 .

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nth Roots of a Complex Number; Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; Conjugate Root Theorem

9. (i) One of the roots of the equation z 3 2 2i is 1 i . Find the remaining roots in the

form rei , where r 0 and .

(ii) Given that 1 i is a root of the equation 2w3 aw2 bw 2 0, find the values of the

real numbers a and b.

(iii) For these values of a and b, solve the equation in part (ii) without the use of a calculator.

5
10. (i) Find the roots of the equation z 243 0 in exponential form and represent all the
roots in an Argand diagram.
(ii) z 5 243 can be expressed as z c z 2 (a cos ) z b z 2 (a cos3 ) z b , where
Must be a result of a conjugate pair being added together->
a, b, c and θ are real. Imaginary part being cancelled out
Find the exact values of a, b, c and θ. (2011/ACJC/P1/6)

11. Find the roots of the equation z 5 1 , giving your answers exactly in the form rei .
5
Hence show that the roots of the equation w5 w i 0, w i are
1 k
cot i , where k = 1, 2, 3, 4.
2 5
(2009/AJC/P2/5)

12. Find the cube roots of the complex number 1 3i . Give your answer exactly, in the form
rei . Represent the roots on an Argand diagram.
Hence solve the equation z 6 2 z 3 4 0 . Give your answers exactly, in the form rei .

Further Practice Questions

13. Let z 1 3 i .
(i) Find z and the exact value of arg z.
(ii) Given that w4 1 3 i , find the complex numbers w in the form rei , where r 0 and
π π.
n
(iii) Given that 1 3i is real and n is positive, use de Moivre’s Theorem to show that
the values of n are terms in an arithmetic progression. (2008/VJC/P2/3)

14. The complex number z is defined by z cos isin , where π π.

i π
Find, in the Cartesian form, x iy , the complex number z such that 3 i 3z 1 e .

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Challenging Questions

1 5
πi i
1. The complex numbers 2e and 2e are represented by points A and B respectively in an
12 12

Argand diagram with origin O. Show that triangle OAB is equilateral.

2. If z = i is a root of the equation z 3 1 3i z 2 2 3i z 2 0 , determine the other roots.

Hence find the roots of the equation w3 1 3i w2 3i 2 w 2 0.

3. A complex number w is such that ww 16 3 i 8iw 0 and Im(w) 5 , where w is the

conjugate of w .
(i) Find w in the form x yi, where x, y .
(ii) Find the integer values of n such that wn is real .
3 6 9 21
w w w w
(iii) Evaluate 1 ... .
4 4 4 4

zi 3
Another complex number z has modulus 4 and satisfies arg π.
1 i 4
(iv) Express z in the form of a bi , where a, b .
(v) Find the area of the triangle ZWO where Z and W are points on the Argand diagram that
represents the complex numbers z and w respectively, and O is the origin.
(2009/HCI/P2/3)

Numerical Answers to Basic Mastery Questions

13 41
1(a) 71–19i (b) i
25 25
2
i
2 2 i 2 2
2(a) 2, ,2e ,2 cos +i sin (b) 2, ,2e 3
, 2 cos i sin
2 2 2 3 3 3
i
12
(c) 2 2, , 2 2e ,2 2 cos + i sin
12 12 12
7
7 i
12 7 7
(d) 2, , 2e , 2 cos + i sin
12 12 12
i i
3
(e) 3, , 3 cos i sin , 3e 6
(f) 3, ,3e ,3 cos i sin
6 6 6 3 3 3
π
i π π i 6 π π
(g) 3, π,3e ,3 cos π i sin π (h) 3, ,3e ,3 cos i sin
6 6 6
3(a) 3 i (b) 1 i 3
2k k
i i
4(a) z e e 8 4
, k = 0, ±1, ±2 , ±3, 4
4(b)(i) 2 2i and 2 2i
π π 2π 2π -π -π -5π -5π
(ii) 2 4 2 cos i sin , 2 4 2 cos i sin , 2 4 2 cos i sin , 2 4 2 cos i sin
6 6 3 3 3 3 6 6
(iii) 2 i 3 ,1, 2 i 3

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Numerical Answers to Tutorial Questions

1 1 5 5
1.(i) cos i sin (ii) cos i sin
2 6 6 2 6 6
3 3 2 11π 11π
(iii) 128 2 cos isin (iv) cos i sin
4 4 4 12 12
5 5
(v) 512 2 cos i sin
12 12

2. (i) 3/2, (ii) 4

8
π 2π
3. (i) 1, 2θ (ii) ,
5 5

6. 1 2i
7. w 1 i, z 2 i
8. 2 3i or 2 3i, z 3i, z 4 3i
11 5
i i
1
2ei 2ei
12 12
9. (i) and (ii) a = -5, b = 6 (iii) w 1 i, 1 i, .
2
3 3
i i i i
10. z 3e , 3e 5 5 i
, 3e , 3e 5 , 3e 5 ; a 6, b 9, c 3 ,
5
2k
i
11. z e 5
, k 0,1, 2,3, 4
1 1 7 1 5 1 1 7 1 5
i i i i i i
9 9 9
12. 2 e , 2 e
3 9 3 9
, 2 e 3 9
; 2 e 3
, 2 e 3
, 2 e 3

Numerical Answers to Further Practice Questions

1 7 1 1 5 1 11
i i i i
12 12 12 12
13. (i) z 2 , arg z (ii) 2 e
4
, 2 e
4
, 2 e
4
, 2 e
4
3
14. z 0.6 0.8i

Numerical Answers to Challenging Questions

2(i) 1, 2i; i, 2i, 1

2
3(i) w 2 3 2i 2( 3 i) (ii) n 6k where k (iii) 0 (iv) 4i (v) 4 3 unit

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National Junior College

2015 – 2016 H2 Mathematics
Complex Numbers Tutorial 2 (Geometry & Loci) [approx. 3 lessons]

Basic Mastery Questions

1. Describe and sketch the locus of z in each of the following cases:

(a) z 3 (b) z 1 2

(c) 4 2iz 6 (d) z 3 4i 3 4i

(e) z 2 z 1 3i (f) z i z i

2
(g) 2 z 1 2i 1 2z (h) 5 z 1 150

(i) arg z 4 (j) arg z 3 i

2 3

3 1 z
(k) arg 1 iz (l) arg
4 1 i 6

(m) zz * z 6

2. Shade, in separate diagrams, the region represented by each of the following inequalities:

(a) Im z 2 (b) z 2 36

(c) 1 2z 1 15i 1 (d) z 2 z 1 3i

2 2
(e) arg 2 z 2 (f) arg z 1 i and z z* 1
2 3 3

(g) z z 1 and arg z (h) Im z 3 and arg z 1 i tan 1 2

4 4 4

(i) z i 2 and z 1 z 1 i (j) arg z i and 0 arg z 2i

4 2 4

3. The point P in an Argand diagram represents the variable complex number z, and the point A
in the first quadrant represents the fixed complex number a. Sketch, on separate diagrams, the
locus of P in the following cases, making clear the relationship between the locus and A.

(i) z a (ii) z a 2a (iii) z a z (iv) arg z a arg a

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Tutorial Questions

1. The complex numbers z1 and z2 are given by 1 i 3 and 1 i respectively.

(i) Express each of z1 and z2 in polar form r cos i sin where r 0 and π π.
Give r and θ in exact form.
z1
(ii) Find the complex conjugate of in exact polar form.
z2
(iii) On a single Argand diagram, sketch the loci
(a) z z1 2, (b) arg z z2
4
(iv) Find where the locus z z1 2 meets the positive real axis. (GCE 2010 / P1 / Q8)

2. The point P in an Argand diagram represents the variable complex z where

arg z 2 3i . Sketch the locus of P.
3
Give a geometrical description of the locus given by z 2 i k , where k .
(i) If the locus z 2 i k just touches the locus of P, show that k 2 .
(ii) Find the set of values of k for which the two loci intersect at two points exactly.

3. The complex number z satisfies the equation z z 2 .

(i) Show that the real part of z is –1.

The complex number z also satisfies the equation z 3 . The two possible values of z are
represented by the points P and Q in an Argand diagram.
(ii) Draw a sketch showing the positions of P and Q, and calculate the two possible values
of arg z, leaving the answers in radians correct to 3 significant figures.

It is given that P and Q lie on the locus z a b where a and b are real, and b 0 .
(iii) Give a geometrical description of this locus, and hence find the least possible value of b
and the corresponding value of a.

Problems Involving Inequalities and Maximum/Minimum

4. The complex number z satisfies z 2 5i 3 .

(i) On an Argand diagram, sketch the region in which the point representing z can lie. [3]
(ii) Find exactly the maximum and minimum possible values of |z|. [2]
(iii) It is given that 0 arg z . With this extra information, find the maximum value of
4
z 6 i . Label the point(s) that correspond to this maximum value on your diagram
with the letter P. (GCE 2011 / P2 / Q1) [3]

5. Sketch in an Argand diagram, the set of points representing all complex numbers satisfying
both the inequalities: Compare with the pharsing of 6(a)
z 1 i 2 and arg z 1 .
2 2
Find the greatest and least values of tan arg z .

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8 6i
6. The complex number z satisfies the relations z 6 and 1 1.
z
(a) Illustrate both of these relations on a single Argand diagram. [3]
(b) Find the greatest and least possible values of arg z, giving your answers in radians
correct to 3 decimal places. [4]
(GCE 2008 / P2 / Q3 (Modified))
π
7. A fixed complex number a is such that 0 arg a . On a single Argand diagram, sketch
2
the loci given by z a z 7a and z 4a 3 a .
The two complex numbers that satisfy the above equations are represented by the complex
numbers p and q.
p
Find the possible values of arg .
q
Find p q in terms of a. (HCI/2009/ P1/4)

7
8. (i) Solve the equation z (1 i) 0 , giving the roots in the form rei , where r 0 and
. [3]
(ii) Show the roots on an Argand diagram. [4]
1
(iii) The roots represented by z1 and z2 are such that 0 arg( z1 ) arg( z2 ) π . Explain
2
why the locus of all points z such that z z1 z z2 passes through the origin. Draw
this locus on your Argand diagram and find its exact Cartesian equation. [5]
(GCE 2009 / P1 / Q9)

9. Given that z 2 1 cos i sin , where π π , show that the locus of the points
representing z , as θ varies, is a circle. Sketch the locus.
Hence, or otherwise, find the greatest and the least value of z i , and find z in the exact
form x iy that gives these values of z i .

Challenging Questions

2z i
1. Describe and sketch the locus of 1.
z 2i

2. (i) Sketch, on an Argand diagram, the set of points representing the complex number z
which satisfy both conditions: z 2 i z 4 2 i and 0 arg z 2i tan 1 2 .
Hence, find the greatest value of z 4i which satisfy the above conditions, giving
your answer in exact form.

(ii) With the help of your sketch in (i), sketch, on another Argand diagram, the set of points
representing the complex number z which satisfy both conditions:

z 2i z 4 2i and 0 arg z 2i tan 1 2

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Numerical Answers to Basic Mastery Questions

1.
(a) circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 3 units
(b) circle with centre (–1, 0) and radius 2 units
(c) circle with centre (0, – 2) and radius 3 units
(d) circle with centre (–3, –4) and radius 5 units
(e) perpendicular bisector of line joining (–2, 0) and (–1, 3)
(f) perpendicular bisector of line joining (0, 1) and (0, –1)
(g) perpendicular bisector of line joining (–0.5, 1) and (0.5, 0)
(h) circle with centre (–1, 0) and radius 30 units
(i) half-line from (4, 0), making an angle with the horizontal in the positive real axis direction
2
2
(j) half-line from (– 3, 1), making an angle with the horizontal in the positive real axis
3
direction
3
(k) half-line from (0, – 1), making an angle with the horizontal in the positive real axis
4
direction
7
(l) half-line from (1, 0), making an angle with the horizontal in the positive real axis direction
12
(m) perpendicular bisector of line joining (0, 0) and (6, 0)

Numerical Answers to Tutorial Questions

11π 11π
1. (i) 2 cos π i sin π , 2 cos 3π
i sin
3π
(ii) 2 cos i sin (iv) x 2
3 3 4 4 12 12
2. (ii) 2<k<4
3. (ii) 1.91 radians (iii) least b 2 2, a 1

4. (ii) 29 3 (iii) 17 and both points marked

5. 3, 1
6. Least 0.058, greatest 1.229
7. 1.29 or -1.29, 8 a
1 8k 1
i 5
8. (i) z 2 e
14 28
,k 0, 1, 2, 3 (ii) y x tan
28
4 5 2 5 4 5 2 5
9. 5 2 with z 2 i, 5 2 with 2 i
5 5 5 5

Numerical Answers to Challenging Questions

1. Circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 1 unit

2. (i) 2 13

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