Network Reconfiguration using Fuzzy Logic for Power Flow

Balancing in IEEE 30 Bus System

Fidah hussian

Address
Email
Abstract -As the existing power systems is gradually moving from a conventional
“power grid” to the more’ highly developed “smart grid” our objective in this research
work is to make the power flow control more intelligent. In this paper an old problem of
phase balancing for power flow control is considered and solved by network
reconfiguration technique using the fuzzy logic. Network reconfiguration is required as a
solution to the problems associated with power distribution system such as planning,
power loss and power flow unbalancing. The proposed technique is implemented in IEEE
30 bus system to balance the power flow in under loaded or overloaded lines. The total
load per phase of the lines is considered as input to the fuzzy system and load required to
inter changing unbalanced lines is the output. The fuzzy logic system's suggested load
values, both negative or positive, are to be considered as input to the load changing
system. Load flow analysis, which can be used to compute the voltage amount and phase
shift at each bus, as well as the power consumption curves in each transmission line, is at
the core of modern power systems. The objectives of this research can be used to define
the system's most important lines, leading to better production scheduling and the
reduction of the risk of voltage instability.
Keywords-Feeder load balancing; Fuzzy logic control; Network reconfiguration

1. INTRODUCTION
Energy efficiency has always been an issue in the electricity supply system. With
the rising electricity demand, the challenge is to condense the system failure and
to get better the system efficiency. However, it is also desired for the system to be
able to deliver help when one or more of the system's lines fail .Numerous of the
faults to facilitate arise at by chance in a transmission line can be dangerous . To
resolve this concern, tolerable automation of the power distribution system is
required. Distribution automation preserve be characterized as the concept of an
integrated system, which involves monitoring, controlling and, sometimes, the
choice to transform any type of load. The automatic distribution system provide
instructions for automatic switch reclosing and remote monitor of the loads that
relate to the phase balancing process. In order to diminish distribution feeder
losses and get better system safety, phase balancing becomes very important .In a
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distribution system there are various switches that required being open or close.
By adjusting the open/close position of the feeder switches, load currents can be
transmitted from heavily loaded to less loaded feeders. To minimize the
unbalanced current in a feeder, the connecting phases of some feeders are
manually altered after some field assessment and software analysis. In this paper,
we proposed the use of “fuzzy logic” based load changing system as innovative,
techniques to execute the feeder load balancing. Fuzzy logic has risen in
importance in this field because it is a realistic, effective, and adaptable technique.
The concept of fuzzy sets provides a suitable method for converting design,
operators knowledge into dynamic control systems that is simple to fix in real-
time applications. The fundamental contribution of paper is to identify the
majority fault finding transmission line in IEEE 30 bus system, its breakdown
potentially cause the system to fail completely. In this paper make comments how
to get better grid's procedure by making ideas operating how to improve the
process of such lines. After considering the load flow analysis results, those
dangerous transmission lines will be identified. Although in some cases change
the current phase imbalance, this method is more timely and fallacious. In this
paper “Newton Raphson” method is used in calculation of power flow in IEEE 30
bus system.
For feeder reconfiguration, “Baean and Kelly used the state” estimate
technique[1].Various research have been conducted on loss minimization of
feeder distribution [3-4].With the advancement of “artificial intelligence” and
power electronic equipment in power systems, it is becoming easier to analyze the
phase and load balance problem.. Customers will benefit from advanced
automation that is also cost-effective [4].The estimated load current that the feeder
can handle could be used as a reference. The IEEE 30 bus system has been the
focus many studies on a variety of topics. We present a number of similar
research in this part, all of which are appropriate to our work[5].The author [5] get
a load flow analysis with the goal of determining the converge bus voltages used
Newton-Raphson method, as well as comparing the two statistical methods in
conditions of difficulty and meetingcharge. M. Sugeno, Industrial applications of
fuzzy control[8] .“Performance of Newton-Raphson Techniques in Load Flow
Analysis using MATLAB,” NiveditaNayak and Dr. A.K. Wadhwani. “Review of
load-flow computation methods[10],” by B. Stott.Ulas Eminoglu and M.
HakanHocaogluFor “radial distribution systems, a new power flow method” with
voltage dependent load models has been developed.[16]

2. FEEDER DESCRIPTION
Distribution feeders usually are 3 phase 4-wire star connected system with an
interconnected system. It is required to understand the conductors' current
capabilities while avoiding any tapping. The connection between the distribution
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transformer and the distribution feeder has been rearranged properly to enable for
a balanced state. There are four distribution feeder systems viz. “radial, parallel
feeders, ring main, and mash” connected system. The mash connected system
method is the simplest and most economical to work with, from the point of view
of construction and security. For the difficulty in this paper, we take for granted
“IEEE 30 bus system”. “IEEE bus systems” are widely used by researchers to
execute new thoughts and concept .The “IEEE 30-bus system” is described in
detailed technical note point. It has “30 buses, 41 transmission lines” plus
different transformers and synchronous condensers make the IEEE 30 bus system.
The system is demonstrated in Figure1below.

Figure 2.1 IEEE 30 Bus System

3. METHODOLOGY
The process of estimating the magnitude and phase angle of voltage at each bus in
a power system under balanced 3-phase steady state conditions is known as the
load flow problem. This method can be used to calculate actual and reactive power
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flows in transmission lines and transformers, as well as equipment losses. For this
research, we examined load flow for the “IEEE30 bus system” using the Newton
Rephson technique. A load flow analysis was performed for the proposed
example, in which all of the systems transmission lines are operating. Measured
load flow after disconnecting ‘one transmission line’ at a time for a total of ‘41
transmission lines. The major goal of this study was to calculate the worst flow
values in the system in the event of a single transmission line failure. In other
words, a study of the “IEEE30 bus system “susceptibility to a single transmission
line failure. We may also simulate the effect of voltage collapse failure in an
“IEEE30 bus system” by removing the lines that overload when a single line fails
and repeating the cycle. After this, process utilize fuzzy logic for load balancing.
Load balancing (also known as phase balancing) is a useful tool for reducing
distribution feeder losses, boosting system safety. Load currents can be changed
from highly loaded to less loaded feeders by changing the open/close
configuration of the feeder switches. In this paper will see the use of ‘fuzzy logic’
for the purpose of load balancing in this application study the link joining
particular distribution transformer and the feeder must be properly organize to
enhance the system phase voltage and current imbalances. As a result, phase
balancing can include reconsidering the network layout in order to reduce ‘total
real power losses’ caused by ‘line branches’. Load flow equation is taken from [3].
The process of proposed intelligent system is shown in Fig. 2
Load flow equation by Newton Repson method

∆ i= 2,3……n ___(3.1)

∆ i=2,3……n ___(3.2)

Compute the element of the Jocbian matrix

___(3.3)

Obtain the value of ∆δ and ∆ from equation shown below

___ (3.4)
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Using the value of ∆δ and ∆ calculate in the above step, modify the
voltage magnitude and phase angle at all load buses by the equation shown
below

___(3.5)

___(3.6)

___(3.7)
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Fig. 3.1 Flowchart for load balancing

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3.1INPUT AND OUTPUT OF FUZZY CONTROLLER

In this paper must first construct the input and output variables before designing
the “fuzzy logic” controller.The output is "Change," which indicates the positive
or negative load change (kW) for each phase. "Load" is the input, which is the
total phase load (kW) for each of the three phases..Table 3.1 displays the fuzzy
categorization for the input variable, and Fig. 3.3 illustrates the fuzzy membership
function for the input variable.Table 3.2 displays the fuzzy output classification,
and Fig. 3.4 illustrates the corresponding triangular “fuzzy membership” functions
for the output variable. The non-aligned connection between the chosen output
and input variables is visualized in Fig3.5.

Table3.1. Fuzzy nomenclature for the input variable

Table 3.2.Fuzzy nomenclature for the output variable

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Fig3.3 Fuzzy membership function for the input variable

Table.3.3 Fuzzy nomenclature for the output variable

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Fig3.4 Fuzzy membership function for output variable

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Fig3.5 .Non aligned relationship between the input and the output variables

4.Application Result
In this section we shows the ‘application’ outcomes using ‘the fuzzy’ logic load
balancing technique. For the simulation, ‘Matlab fuzzy toolbox’ [6] was
implemented.The Mamdani [7] fuzzy assumption technique was used. We'll use a
32-MVA line as an example input load configuration for one phase .Using the
fuzzy controller mentioned earlier, we attempt to balance it. The eight fuzzy rules
were used to create a graphical representation of (output load change) for the 3
phases that correspond this‘input load’. are shown in Fig. 4.1. The Mamdani
approach [7] is used in the defuzzification process.
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Fig. 4.1 Changes in phase line 42 whose MVA rating is 32 of the output load is
determined.
According to the output of lines is mostly very low loaded, but some lines are
highly overloaded and slightly overloaded, according to the fuzzy logic rule.In this
research, we are“using fuzzy logic” and a “combinatorial optimization-based
implementation” technique, investigate the phase balancing problem in the field of
“power system”. As a result, the approaches and application provided in this study
are based on the following assumptions. In this paper line 41 whose MVA rating is
32 is perfectly loded is resulted by fuzzy.
before fuzzy system after fuzzy system
Line MVA
No. Rating P flow Q flow S flow P flow Q flow S flow
(MW) (MVAr) (MVA) (MW) (MVAr) (MVA)

1 130 147.00464 -14.779 147.746 18.94193 120.2866 121.7688

22222222 2 130 64.15866 4.253 64.299 25.22224 62.10914 67.03512

3 65 31.89110 2.606 31.997 19.65685 31.76457 37.35478

4 130 60.08551 0.462 60.089 18.24865 59.89339 62.61176

5 130 72.45313 2.642 72.501 36.40318 33.45417 49.4406

6 65 46.24380 0.332 46.425 25.13013 40.30862 47.50061

7 90 62.34209 -10.144 63.162 25.41322 44.0644 50.8675

8 70 -18.03501 9.962 20.604 -3.7674 9.738385 10.44172

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9 130 41.48121 -0.998 41.493 20.72668 6.076963 21.59919

10 32 28.01775 6.548 28.173 7.499785 17.12618 18.69633

11 65 15.64737 -7.277 17.257 12.73784 27.2345 30.0661

12 32 8.94964 0.407 8.959 11.67912 12.42233 17.0504

13 65 0.00000 -14.168 4.631 -19.9995 9.999891 22.36019

14 65 15.64737 7.138 16.874 32.74595 14.0673 35.63967

15 65 21.03856 13.629 16.197 23.08951 32.98348 40.26209

16 65 -10.00000 -6.203 11.768 -19.9994 14.99983 24.99943

17 32 5.54120 2.040 5.905 5.416038 4.432526 6.998626

18 32 14.97793 6.164 16.197 11.71724 10.51301 15.74221

19 16 9.31938 2.784 9.726 4.934937 3.827369 6.245187

20 16 2.30320 0.361 2.331 0.494732 0.769686 0.914973

21 16 5.74203 0.187 5.789 3.114955 0.500675 3.154936

22 16 6.75696 1.381 6.896 4.258271 2.767308 5.078471

23 16 3.51021 0.386 3.531 2.036365 0.77651 2.179392

24 16 -1.99721 -3.029 3.628 -4.2015 -5.79478 7.157662

25 32 4.22897 3.799 5.685 6.106298 7.128666 9.386413

26 32 0.29252 5.061 5.070 2.956522 7.281496 7.85883

27 32 9.68892 9.706 13.714 9.224285 13.71755 16.53054

28 32 4.58661 4.470 6.405 4.411683 6.418773 7.788683

29 32 -1.87073 -1.622 6.766 -0.80448 -2.12996 2.276821

30 16 6.15969 2.331 6.586 3.04751 2.925743 4.224605

31 16 2.8805 2.790 3.874 2.861699 4.268992 5.139418

32 16 2.92005 0.651 2.992 1.120424 0.359848 1.176792

33 16 0.88106 0.994 1.328 0.568758 -4.26356 4.301328

34 16 3.54393 2.366 4.261 1.353565 3.206076 3.480095

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35 16 -2.6660 -1.377 3.001 -1.39373 -8.00394 8.12438

36 65 10.77672 4.891 11.835 19.0542 10.96653 21.98471

37 16 4.06548 1.519 4.340 4.14314 3.750763 5.588724

38 16 4.03588 1.472 4.296 4.842887 3.920929 6.231151

39 26 1.62654 0.564 1.716 2.64185 1.949938 3.283539

40 32 -2.07919 -4.138 4.631 1.958523 1.358664 2.383648

41 32 28.01775 6.548 28.173 11.9861 16.57891 20.45793

CONCLUSION
Phase balancing is a critical and realistic procedure for reducing “distribution
feeder losses” and improving safety. In this research, we propose a load balancing
system based on fuzzy logic, as well as load change implementation system based
on optimization algorithms. Total (kw) ‘load per phase of the feeders’ is supplied
into the “fuzzy” stage. The load transform values are the fuzzy step's output, with
a ‘negative value’ designed for load leaving a ‘positive value’ for load, receiving.
The entire load remains constant throughout phase balancing because the sum of
the negative and positive numbers is zero. The input of the load-changing system
will be read by the fuzzy line .The implementation system divides the alter (kw)
values by the number of load points, then chooses the appropriate load locations
using combinatorial optimization approaches. It also ensures that load points are
properly interchanged between the releasing and receiving phases unbalanced 3-
phase, 4-wire feeders are being used to test the load balancing system. A specific
design example that uses Matlab for simulations illustrates the proposed system's
application. Additional implementation results for different feeder loading
configurations show that imbalance conditions have improved. The planned fuzzy
logic phase balancing method and implementation systems are both practical and
effective in minimizing feeder disturbance. The phase balancing technique and
system described in this paper might be applied to different distribution system
and feeders load configuration.

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[3] C. C. Liu, S. J. Lee, K. Vu, Loss minimization of distribution feeders:

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Patiala: Thapar University, 2009