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    Physics Week 20 Reading Assignment - Theodore Kim

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    Theodore Kim
    The document discusses the ideal gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law and derives the ideal gas law equation. It also covers Avogadro's law, the relationship between pressure and temperature, and the internal energy of ideal gases.

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    Physics Week 20 Reading Assignment - Theodore Kim

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    Theodore Kim
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    The document discusses the ideal gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law and derives the ideal gas law equation. It also covers Avogadro's law, the relationship between pressure and temperature, and the internal energy of ideal gases.

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    The document discusses the ideal gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law and derives the ideal gas law equation. It also covers Avogadro's law, the relationship between pressure and temperature, and the internal energy of ideal gases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views6 pages

    Physics Week 20 Reading Assignment - Theodore Kim

    Uploaded by

    Theodore Kim
    The document discusses the ideal gas laws including Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law and derives the ideal gas law equation. It also covers Avogadro's law, the relationship between pressure and temperature, and the internal energy of ideal gases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    IB Physics Revision Notes on Ideal Gases

    The Ideal Gas Laws

    An ideal gas is a gas that obeys these gas laws at all temperatures, pressures and volumes.

    1. Boyle’s law
    For a fixed number of moles of gas at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely
    proportional to its volume.

    2. Charles’ law
    For a fixed number of moles of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly
    proportional to its absolute temperature.
    3. Gay-Lussac’s law
    For a fixed number of moles of gas at constant volume, the pressure of the gas is directly
    proportional to its absolute temperature.

    Empirical Gas Law Equation

    P = pressure (Pa)
    V = volume (m3)
    T = absolute temperature (K)

    Amedeo Avogadro’s Discovery

    For a gas at constant temperature and pressure, the number of gas particles is directly
    proportional to the volume of the gas.

    N ∝V
    N = number of gas particles
    V = volume of gas (m3)
    Since n = N / 6.02 x 1023, number of particles is proportional to the number of moles, so n ∝ N,
    and hence, n ∝V
    For a gas at constant pressure and temperature:

    Ideal Gas Law Equation

    PV = nRT

    P = pressure (Pa)
    V = volume (m3)
    n = moles (mol)
    R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
    T = absolute temperature (K)

    Equation for Gas Pressure

    PV = NkBT

    P = pressure (Pa)
    V = volume (m3)
    N = number of particles
    kB = Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10-23 J K-1)
    T = absolute temperature (K)

    Internal Energy of Ideal Gases

    Since there are no intermolecular forces between particles in an ideal gas, potential energy = 0,
    so the total internal energy = the total kinetic energy.

    Equation for internal energy of an ideal monatomic gas

    U = 3/2 NkBT

    U = internal energy (J)


    N = number of particles
    kB = Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10-23 J K-1)
    T = absolute temperature (K)
    Alternate equation for internal energy of an ideal monatomic gas

    U = 3/2 nRT

    (where NkB = nR)

    U = internal energy (J)


    n = moles (mol)
    R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
    T = absolute temperature (K)

    Ideal Gases and Gas Pressure

    In an elastic collision, the speed of the particle remains the same, but the direction gets
    reversed, so the velocity changes, causing a change in momentum. Hence, when a particle
    collides with the wall of its container at a certain velocity, it bounces back.
    The collision exerts a force on the wall of the container, hence also exerting pressure.

    Equation for gas pressure

    P = ⅓ ⍴v2

    P = gas pressure (Pa)


    ⍴ = density (kg m-3)
    v = average velocity of particles (ms-1)

    The velocity of any moving object has components in the x, y and z planes.
    The “⅓” indicates that every gas particle has equal probability of moving in any of those 3
    directions with average translational speed.
    Kognity End of Section Questions:

    Question 1

    Since volume remains constant, we can cancel out the volumes in the equation.
    100000 / (12 + 273) = pressure / (40 + 273),
    100000 / 285 = pressure / 313,
    pressure = P1T2 / T1 = 100000 x 313 / 285 = 109824.561 Pa → 110 kPa (2 s.f.)

    Question 2

    proportional

    Question 3

    PV = nRT, T = PV / nR = 180000 x (250 x 10-6) / 0.25 x 8.31 = 22 K (2 s.f.)


    Question 4

    P = ⅓ ⍴v2, v = (3P / ⍴)½ = (3 x 140000 / 1.98)½ = 460 ms-1 (2 s.f.)

    Question 5

    U = 3/2 nRT,
    T = ⅔ U / nR = ⅔ (12000 / 3.2 x 8.31) = 300 K (2 s.f.)

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