Karnish Bio Project

VEDAVALLI VIDYALAYA
NURSERY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

RANIPET-632404
2023-2024
BIOLOGY
BLOOD CANCER
BY
S.A.KARNISH
CLASS XII
Vedavalli Vidyalaya
NPS Senior Secondary School
Ranipet-632404
BONAFIDE CERTIFATE
This is to certify that this project work done by

S.A KARNISH of Class XII. Reg.no. under my
supervision and submitted on
Internal Examiner External Examiner Principal

Acknowledgement
I would like to convey my heartful thanks to

Ms. Sheela, Principal and Ms. Nibha Sherin.B
who gave valuable suggestions and guidance during the
completion of the project.They have been the source of
inspiration and helped me to understand and remember
important details of the project.
I would also like to thank my parents and my

friends who helped me to complete the project successfully
CONTENTS
● INTRODUCTION
● WHAT IS CANCER
● CANCER OF BLOOD CELL
● LEUKEMIA
● TYPES OF LEUKEMIA
● CAUSES
● SYMPTOMS
● DIAGNOSIS
● TREATMENT
● CURRENT RESEARCH
● CONCLUSION
● BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
BLOOD CANCER
Blood cancer are tumours that affect the blood,bone
marrow, lymph ,and lymphatic system. As those elements.
are all intimately connected through both the circulatory
system and an immunity system, a disease affecting one
will affect the others as well, making myeloproliferation
and lymphoproliferation and of ten overlapping
problems.
Haematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms

and they are generally treated by specialists in
Haematology or oncology if a single subspeciality of
internal medicine while in others they are considered
separate divisions . Not all haematological disorders are
malignant , there are other blood conditions that may also
be managed by a haematologist.
WHAT IS CANCER?
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell

growth with the potential to invade or spread to other part
of the body. Not all tumors are Cancerous : benign
tumour do not spread to other parts of the body. Possible
sign and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding,
prolonged, cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change
may in bowel movements. while there symptoms may
indicate cancer, they may have other causes. Over 100
types of cancers affect humans.
Cancers are a large family of diseases that involve

abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or
spread to other parts of the body. They form a subset or is
group of neoplasing. A neoplasm or tumour is group of
Ceup that have undergone unregulated growth and will
often forms a mass of of lump, but may be distributed
diffusely.
CANCER OF BLOOD CELL
● Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.

● Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
● Acute myelocytic Leukemia.
● Chronic myelocytic Leukemia.
⮚ Starts in the Bone marrow as a cancer lump and

makes abnormal white blood cell.
⮚ Early in chronic leukemia cells of cancer either do

some of work of normal white blood cells
LEUKEMIA
Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow

characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white
blood cells called "blasts" Leukemia broad term covering
a spectrum of diseases. In turn it is part of the even
broader group of diseases affecting the blood , bone
marrow and lymphoid system, which are also known as
Haematological neoplasm.
Leukemia is a treatable disease. The rate of cure depends

on the type of Leukemia as well as the age of the patient.
Children are more likely to be permanently cured than

adults. Even when a completely curve is unlikely , most
people with an acute leukemia can be succesfully treated
for years.
TYPES OF LEUKEMIA
There are several types of leukemia.

They are grouped in two ways :-
* By how Quick the disease develops :

1. Chronic
2. Acute
* By the type of blood cell that are Affected:
1. Lymphoid cells
2. Myeloid ceus
CHRONIC LEUKEMIA :
The Leukemia cells come from mature, abnormal cell,
the cells grown slowly. They thrive for too long and
accumulate . It is not an usual in chronic cases for
symptoms to take longtime to even appear.
ACUTE LEUKEMIA:
It develop from early cells called "Blasts ". Blasts are
young сеll , that divide frequently.
They target 5 to 10 Immature cell , causing symptoms to
appear quickly . In acute leukemia cells , they don't stop
dividing like normal counterparts do.
LYMPHOCYTIC:
Leukemia begins from white blood cells called
lymphocytes or immature types of lymphocytes. It
commonly affects lymph nodes in the body but can invade
аll body tissues.
Myelogenous:
Leukemia involves the other 3 common types of white
blood cell known as granulocytes. They are the
neutrophils , eosinophils , basophils.
CAUSES
No one knows the exact causes of Leukemia studies

which have found the following sick factors.
For Leukemia:
⮚ Working with centum chemicals:-

Exposure to high level of benzene in the workplace
can cause Leukemia . Benzene formaldehyde is also
used by the chemical industry. Workers exposed to
formaldehyde also may be at greater risk of
Leukemia.
⮚ Very high level of Radiation :-

People exposed to very high Level of radiation are
much more likely than others to develop Leukemia.
⮚ Smoking :
Tobacco products are the single , major available
cause of cancer. Smoking is also causally associated
with Cancers of the pancreases , kidney , stomach
with myeloid leukemia.
SYMPTOMS
● Swollen lymph nodes. that usually don't hurt.

● Fever or night sweats chills and other flu-like-e
frequent Infection.
● Feeling weak or tired.
● Bleeding and bruising easily.
● Weight loss for no reason.
● Easy bleeding brusing.
● Tiny red spots (Called Petechiae) Under the Skin.
● Swollen or Pain. bleeding grime, Bone or joint pain.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is usually based On :-
● Repeated Complete blood counts.
● A bone marrow examination.
● A Lymph node biopsy certain type of Leukemia
● Doctor may use an X-ray , MRI or ultra sound to See

Leukemia effect on body parts as bones (X-ray), the
brain (MRI) or Kidneys , liver (ultrasound).
TREATMENT
● Most forms of leukemia are treated with

pharmaceutical medication, typical combined into a
multi - drug chemotherapy.
● Some treated with radiation therapy Like :- X-ray,
MRI, Ultrasound.
⮚ And some cases, a bone marrow transplast

effective
CURRENT RESEARCH
● NEW BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES
● NEW ANTICANCEROUS DRUGS , DOSES AND

TREATMENT SCHEDULES.
● COMBINATION OF DRUGS BIOLOGICAL

THERAPY, RADION THERAPY AND STEM
CELL TRANSPLANTATION .
● MORE GENETIC RESEARCH

CONCLUSION
From the above reports it is clear that though blood
Cancer is of many types, But Leukemia is the most
commonly found. It include acute and chronic leukemia
which cause fever,severe pain in bone, arm, back, leg
accompanied by muscle pain.
The patient was suffering from acute Leukemia which
was diagnose in very early stage, but he could not Survive
and die with in 3 months .Doctors said these types of
diseases are having very less curable rate, only 3 to 10
patients are cure out of 100 patients.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Links:
https://www.google.com
https://www.slideshave.com
https://www.wikipedia.com
Books:
Arihant exploring biology
All in one Biology

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VEDAVALLI VIDYALAYA

NURSERY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

NPS Senior Secondary School

This is to certify that this project work done by

Internal Examiner External Examiner Principal

I would like to convey my heartful thanks to

I would also like to thank my parents and my

Haematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell

Cancers are a large family of diseases that involve

● Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.

⮚ Starts in the Bone marrow as a cancer lump and

⮚ Early in chronic leukemia cells of cancer either do

Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow

Leukemia is a treatable disease. The rate of cure depends

Children are more likely to be permanently cured than

There are several types of leukemia.

* By how Quick the disease develops :

No one knows the exact causes of Leukemia studies

⮚ Working with centum chemicals:-

⮚ Very high level of Radiation :-

● Swollen lymph nodes. that usually don't hurt.

Diagnosis is usually based On :-

● Repeated Complete blood counts.

● A bone marrow examination.

● A Lymph node biopsy certain type of Leukemia

● Doctor may use an X-ray , MRI or ultra sound to See

● Most forms of leukemia are treated with

⮚ And some cases, a bone marrow transplast

● NEW BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES

● NEW ANTICANCEROUS DRUGS , DOSES AND

● COMBINATION OF DRUGS BIOLOGICAL

● MORE GENETIC RESEARCH

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