To Study

Effects Of
Drug Addiction
 INDEX PAGE
SR.
NO.
CONTENT NO.

1. AIM/OBJECTIVE 1
2. INTRODUCTION TO DRUG 2
ADDICTION

3. HOW DOES DRUG ADDICTION 3

BEGIN?

4. STAGES OF DRUG ADDICTION 4

5. SOCIAL DISEASES 6
6. HEALTH AND SMOKING 7
7. ALCOHOL 9
8. TOBACCO 11
9. TREATMENT OF THE PATIENT 13
10. PRECAUTIONS 14
11. CONCLUSION 16
12. BIBLIOGRAPHY 17
AIM OF THE PROJECT

#TO STUDY EFFECTS

OF DRUG ADDICTION
 INTRODUCTION TO
“ DRUG ADDICTION ”
#Drug Addiction word is made of two
word:-
1)Drug
2)Addiction

DRUG-Any Substance,other than food,

used in the prevention,diagnosis,all
aviation or treatment of a disease is
called a drug.A drug may also be defined
as a chemical which,when taken in some
way after the body function.
Drug is also known as
a medicine.

ADDICTION-Addiction is the habitual,

psychological and physiological
dependence on a substance or practice.It is
beyond voluntary control.A person who is
habituated to a substance or a
practice,especially a harmful one, is called
an addict.
How Drug Addiction Begin?
There are many factors that lead people to drug
addiction:-
1)CURIOSITY: Frequent references to drugs by
public media create curiosity for having a
personal experience of the drugs.
2)FRIEND’S PRESSURE: Frequent appreciation of
drug experience by friends allures others to
start the use of drugs.
3) FRUSTRATION AND DEPRESSION: Some people
start taking drugs to get relief from frustration
and depression.
4)DESIRE FOR MORE WORK: Students sometimes
take drugs to keep awake the whole night to
prepare for examination. It is not desirable as it
may cause mental breakdown.
5) LOOKING FOR A DIFFERENT WORLD: A wrong
notion that the drugs open up a new world
tempts some youngsters to start taking-drugs.
6) RELIEF FROM PAIN: A prolonged use of pain-
relieving drugs with
physician's advice at
times leads to addiction.
 Stages of Drugs Addiction
Drug abuse may exist with or without
dependence and dependence may occur
without abuse. Improper or excessive use of
therapeutic drugs may be termed as abuse even
in the absence of addiction. Addiction is defined
as a chronic disorder characterized by
compulsive use of drugs resulting in physical,
psychological and social harm, and continued use
despite evidence of that harm. Addiction evolves
through the followings stages: Habituation,
dependence, tolerance. Drug habituation is a
condition resulting from the repeated
consumption of a drug in which there is a
psychological or emotional dependency on the
drug.
Physical dependencies defined as an
alteration in neural systems which are
manifested by tolerance and appearance of
withdrawal phenomena when a chronically
administered drug is discontinued or
displaced from its receptor.
Withdrawalness occurs after abrupt
discontinuation of the drug.Tolerance is an
interesting
phenomenon characterized by
the need of increasing amount of a
drug to obtain the same
therapeutic effect.So that they
may increase his drug dosage.
 SOCIAL DISEASES
Smoking and drinking and use of drugs
frequently or regularly are social diseases.

They adversely affect the health of the

addicts and the society. Young people tend
to these habits for fun, show off or curiosity,
as an adventure or feeling of freedom,
or as a gesture of defiance against the
elders who themselves indulge in these
activities but check the youngsters.
Temporary escape from the life problems
and mental relaxation felt on taking the
drugs in the beginning increases person’s
interest in them. Soon they become habitual
and find it difficult to leave. The daily dose to
get the desired effect increases with time.
 HEALTH AND SMOKING
Cigarette smoking harms nearly every
organ of the body, causes many
diseases, and reduces the lifespan of the
smoker in general. Quitting smoking
lowers your risk for smoking related
diseases and can add years to your life.

Cigarette smoking causes more than

4,80,000 deaths each year in the United
states. Smoking can make it harder for a
woman to become pregnant. It can also
affect her baby's health before and after
birth. Smoking increases risks for:-
Preterm (early) delivery, Stillbirth (death
of the baby before birth), Low birth
weight, Sudden infant death syndrome.
Following are the diseases caused by
smoking:-
1.Lung Cancer
2.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
3. Heart Disease
4.Stroke
5. Aortic Aneurysm
6. Oropharyngeal Cancer
7.Esophageal Cancer
8.Cataracts
9. Weaker bones
10.Cervical Cancer
....and many more harmful disease
 ALCOHOL
#Sources:
Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, flammable, colored
liquid having a penetrating odour and
burning taste. It is one of the products of the
distillation of fermented grains, fruit juices
and starches with the help of yeast
enzymes. It is the principal constituent and
the toxicating principle of wines.
#Modes of Use:
Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the
beer, toddy and wine and in relatively high
concentration as arrack, brandy, whisky,
rum, gin, vodka etc.
#Addiction:
Addiction to alcohol is called alcoholism.
Alcoholics are found in all section of society.
Alcohol causes intoxication and thus, acts
as a poison. The drinkers begin with small
doses, but many of them soon start
consuming large doses and become addicts.
By the time they realize that
drinking in
adverse amount
affecting them,
it is too late
to give it up.
 Why People Take to Drinking :
The drinkers offer one or more of the following
reasons for starting drinking.
(i) Social pressure (ii) desire for excitement
(iii) feeling of independence (iv) Liking of
taste (v) desire to escape from such realities
of life
as disappointments and failures.

What Happens when Alcohol is consumed:

Alcohol is quickly absorbed in the stomach
and upper part of small intestine and reaches
all the tissues in minutes. Its oxidation starts
at once and a large amount of heat
is produced. Since heat is not
needed in the body, it is taken
up by the blood and carried to
the skin for dissipation.

Is Alcohol A Stimulant:
Many people take alcohol for stimulation.
Actually alcohol is a depressant, a substance
which dulls the senses. It reduces the
efficiency of every tissue of the body. Any
feeling of lift a person may claim to feel is a
mistaken impression or an attempt to justify
the act in his own mind.
 TOBACCO
#Sources:
It is a native of South Africa, where the Red
Indian first started smoking. Now the
tobacco plant has spread world over. It has
large, quote to lanceloate leaves and
terminal clusters of tubular, white or pink
flowers.
#Modes of Use:
Tobacco is used for smoking, chewing and
snuffing. Its main stimulating component is
poisonous volatile alkaid nicotine, which
causes addiction. Nicotine synthesis occurs in
the roots of the plant but it is stored in the
leaves. The leaves contain 2 to 8% nicotine.
Inhaling tobacco smoke from cigars,
cigarettes, biddies, pipes and hubble-bubble
is called smoking. Cigar is a roll of tobacco
leaf. Cigarette is cut tobacco wrapped in
paper. Bidi is tobacco wrapped in a piece of
leaf. The quantity of
nicotine contained in one
cigar may prove fatal if
injected intravenously
into a person.
 Effect of Nicotine:
Nicotine in a low concentration-
(i) Stimulates conduction of nerve impulses.
(ii) Relaxes the muscles.
(iii) Releases adrenaline, increasing heart
beat
rate and pressure
(iv) Increased blood pressure due to smoking
chances the risk of heart diseases.
(v) Retards foetal growth in expecting
mothers
(vi) High concentration of nicotine paralyses
Nerve cells.

Other Harmful components of Tobacco Smoke:

Besides the poisonous nicotine, the tobacco
smoke contains carbon- monoxide, polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons and tar.
 TREATMENT FOR THE PATIENT:
There are many options that have been
successful in treating the drug addicted
patient including:
1) behavioral counseling
2) medication
3) medical devices and applications
used to treat withdrawal symptoms or
deliver skills training
4) evaluation and treatment for
co-occurring mental health issues such
as depression and anxiety
5) long-term follow-up to prevent
relapse
A range of care with a tailored treatment
program and follow-up options can be
crucial to success. Treatment should
include both medical and mental health
services as needed. Follow-up care may
include community- or
family-based
recovery support
systems.
 Precautions
When a disease breaks out like an
epidemic in all segments of the society,
it indicates a social change. It is not
only the youth, drug addiction has also
grabbed the social leaders. Even the
teachers and physicians who are
supposed to guide the society are
more or less getting addicted. Law
enforcing agencies and other concerned
authorities are in most cases either
refraining from their job or associated
with the drug business.
Undoubtedly it is an awesome
situation. Every disease has a
cure. We must come out of this
monopolistic deadly game. A
more intensive research, action
program, and social movement
are needed. It is also needed
to strengthen family and
social values and religious
ethics in order to maintain a
stable and drug-free society.
 Conclusion:

Drug addiction and its

increase usage causes a lot of
diseases and disability in the
world. Recent advances in
neuroscience may help to
improve policies to reduce the
harm of tobacco, alcohol and
other psychoactive drugs
impose on the society.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. NCERT Class 12 Lab Manual
2. https://en.wikipedia.org
3. https://www.goggle.co.in
4.https://www.slideshare.com
5.Reference articles from various
blogs