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Linear Signal & system
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Linear Signal & system
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Signal is one hel costes formation cn is declined as « Physieal — qwucrtitty that varies roth cone ot mene ndepende| —-vattiable . ta wethematicn del”! —* Pl mets ty) Ye Tem eorertare 159 physical quiamtiby “that depends nal ony one time wh’ also fy pace ’ 7 é 2 T(4,0F Pvery . Werte, Dependent civil. — “Termperohire Tndependert variable —> Time @ svate in 30rp Exornele ol 9 Sh nals? Rene lidede a\ y polo, : sige! or ye sind LLeorsiinensS ime sigrall ye an twt —e9) Lrovetng powe we SRE Erwe B spe faq SMe = RA eae signal ay sad change ay —- Arcovelng dignal Gy Whe Ss heavelg wane. & senda wave & write ts snocthematioa detinection ch he_pasitions of => Trordiny poet A wave wn whi amnpitide, ras Pe ' ort Gove ond yavermenn anaes jhe — medivm ig enon OS “reavelling, eve yo Dlonsder % WNT hot 6 Awarding he pestis con represent “his Cave dinecton ot eons. We arene enichen pe bsate te =)_Stonding woveGS Tenia apt zor : ; Ish Exom fle — Gh signe'>, cal Diserele Aime. signal Digrel Signal Virdoak oer : Covert . omknoaIn lonquog 2, Lge "nga bnguege : oP signal £), Deosden —> now” signal a far bA mar eae oe . : 2. define, ‘derreficstin HT |S VYres Bi Signs +> Ss | > Energy Z wer . » domain oe 4 —> Continees Time (CT Fime(DD damain signal > Delerninisia signal & wish Neen a Disenele> Probablistic sgn LZ vcondom sigrel Chath ot &DT) Bh Some standard _cignals * | —p= Sinasoidel ag (most ‘nga a ddtieutt — > Exponent — signal signal) —> fh signal Dpperror ‘ook. Bee ie Peo Vet > “Triongulor Sgral ee Bi pole —> Step Signal —> Unite impulse Signal - Gaussion Sgro a Reetengular. signal poetungilot snpulst ov, Box sigrel Oe G od y= Asin (wh bo) Gyvert this sinusoidal signal ito compler form wo Exponerriial rom ww = Prat dorm verb polar chm Anss Plan bmn Y= sin ( (wt @) jd) gasp has bs YON De Cometer twnt AP? 3° ee (> rape € i(tex- wh) Expmental tom: 7Whedl is Phasore ? Plhason dorem Letptelndites ? => -O Even] _sigral and _odd__sigal___ Even signal Re main ‘\dentieat under ples: ~~ operecch on (time niversal), 6 eC) xe = XY vd » yw Edin and Odd STepnyt ¥ Energy “and posen. Sy + Caucal and. Non-cotse Petiodie - and Apertiode ‘*) (Az dos ae oak ; Pale aos (-wt)* est = ath) «(4Odd sraral $ Does} ctemnarn jclo-wli col wn clog dolding, operation (Aime elworsa ) xc) ~ 2) » (4) $20 7 (02 - 29 * C0) 2 -% (0) + (0) 2° xt. - x0 i’) edt) Sin oF on, (4) = -x(P a-{oan sna knee propertes 4} odd signal oe. old BEE . gir aw. [meen Ss ane, by Abd Signal =0 wy P= xed) + Hol) , any cominous dime aignal represented Os sum a odd ond even saaral. Campanens. att) v xe() #00 —) + - et ve abet) 2 Be a0 xe # = ee) —ro(4) — OY L& a tT (4G) =) oy 2 axel xd) * Nite) o £49 +xe0() -() nO EH? 2x4) cnet 2 Ew) 7A oe Eneray & Power ol comtimnous “hme Sigrals: i “oe ve) = Ohm's law & VWa> iD xt (AD = USI oe on, PL) 2 vay ee te at Jrremtenious power, Pa) =v w Spa = OTR oe “oie\_enetay a E= | pd) dt -| wip de om . LA e Ye - ‘ q. Pesta ww AV eae = Be hg pv PLO = joe Ty am 1 » = Gk ie“tel Enengy mis) 29 ort —_—— 7 ~| Pca” dk a 5 qovarel Average Poser) pea = | \ eta [? ae \* Poniodie. bo / Signal . hoo rT Very ae [oe pao Ve =f sige! : * his dorcmuda ‘s ‘gure fon, J Energy Spectral Density. - a Roen Spee Weel Densily => puto @0-re \echen ! > srt (Sqnal by) noise yeclio) eal RET ( Fourier’ Fears) ay. FS (Fountos sorties) XK Energy siepel® ? siggd ite tose eee s on erertay sigrel with Awe and Zemeene *E Power Sarat? A signa! per is a ponen Signe)Horsch —ond_ KE as gral? = Finite =P (avercosge. pacer) id 4 s—p wrery ars Ea cy Y de Li « > ““ a shrndgn [e at Lat (a0 ° 0 0 26442 4° 2 O27 (Ait) So, hic sign! + overcage fy paren ™ is given here, is eneray Signa] velue of fute daiecton mire 20 otal pore > J Arad are Total time ax co d Tem Pz iti € Toa 7— @y Even Signal and oA sepa Hh Eneway signal QB pacett signal Fh Cavsel signa 2B von causal signal LZ Noeriiodic sire Th Raicdie sigrel odd signel? Even signal ys 0% (2ask) y4)= y(t) #Dilenent -Lypes of qrel | detrecton mathematical Aoamala tor , some exampres « fe Periodic siqne\ ete yod (4 +1) 7 4) + = Tocosanh + 209 wo rE Sthenoiw + Everty thing ‘s signal unless yo kn yt wecomes veistahaplet. Enereqy —) Pertioclie lyre , -hyne domain i ay 6.0 Lath —o4st ‘a ops aj even signa & ¥ V2 Ce (gut) coyrlinwous Ty Onde step chayetions oy © / a k°70 \ » 4 20 7 ’ , Owe ise, *F yis vow oh oe This is sonst seo \ WSO» Anchor a a piece 1 Ahis is vet, —_ vt) P= 4 S - Assignments . ame aoe 4 a Mier pros esse La BaGHe, an \ t : Y ‘Noctore (40 ME: 2M Ha) al arfier , serrrycial O5¢! aes, RO aa\ tess “hom 4 members ane eh : as : SP i a . | ysl NV ewD cn yh my along 2) Sealing property 9 Time roversal propecly ot sera) yd Bate down properties th yz 4 Zack 10 arr ler x ae 414? Ht 49 « uy = VD) Bae + }-0 95 Vheds __oddictiench vey surg UG). ) 2 gral ta impule sere Rex “Typ Unit Rectory gm vd= vkD — FD Reckeng! . ads a y= 0-9) — O82) —e ue = OED ms) * yee yam te C » domly a axe ym, tee* Find “the expression. x(D) in teams oF anit step 4unction vi) = spy Example a a) vibe? a weer) oy VO 2 BA Colleet- ot lest — previous 5 years oe) question & solve “¥) 22o= es us yet tt? pot-O} typyer” by a @ ¥ axis Ne have + y m (plesles 7 wm net Find the
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YRS ye ty T=—the stem 5 os com be viewed as i) + Ey y a ~Frean sfondi Sg}hoone > Hardwone Ty Sse tm Tyres of stem \ siocroste systems a) Delercminstie 9% v Deleremvaie see (oT ond DT RP Mo ee ’ ( Bondom, Pecess ony Cu) Memou/les$ aenemory Ohm's \# a) Causa ond OR cassel dpe dogends oh tpt & past prese™) ye ety > thet ™Pal x" ‘ pe = ND) Linear and non Vineet system Saperceesi ten « Supengest Hm “Jheonem eT allow ae ar oy) “Time invariant on 4 sysem ae <1) LAL sysiem Supe postion, Linear ‘ Thesren ss : Ardodinhve Multi plieahiveLee -09 | x Whal is system 9 + iahey we reed & system Audio Anpifien mie wo | electric system tem Phone Ot weak i signal ony Armplifere . as Tae 255) G won soli el sign a) Ure : az ommplity ane 7a 40W Spaker Ao hy Unworked signal wee ee Co oth wa syste™ rasa ete agate — Gund signs! = 7 i yeti og de dectrical siggal Gy tromsdusee 15 * fom = OMS Fore deve Anat converts sed +o omothen cheeon .(mder) 1 512 xs | | \oxo (6h DsP z Etegtrtisy "oer oy tens i Numercieal oxppurche} STN tort =e Light capture. “ceatra capacity a Cone —p Color sensi tive - soy, —& Geen (ew ahr sens} Hv) eer sv. —y Ked oe — > Blue - (Hesel ve) =e7 ware Aree Ty hat is a) System 2 =p Sin def" — Systom Wy on Ahoct examples) RE dineuidsLee — 1p _ Sem _ een Zt system zp Time varia B me vary oyster =P Memo les \ giem &Z Non Acad Coo £ Non- gp rrvecWe sygiem ar CT syse™ © eV mon system & system bith memory al system & Unstable system ao £. Non- linear system won yo) Ll) auld be horcdaawe ore ould bY => A eysten so}oare* yO. 05 tT 27 Jee n= -7T @ “ + Revtongilen, seqyen® * Computer mrumbens m LC \ ; . A TI mage MZN oon P wor rts aR Vaclorspace ar Piles fe ethinng, po ® Subspace yerend _p Filee TEMA ~ sane | at S Mast of en EG atic => Voanel Gamension A TUL ar ‘enn 4 Tefe Somerton ero padding aa A faa | wT= ' . tend at gh cbtribcle Capac EF _ Ans: Yes, ‘tMos\ a} the Cases . fh Lineot system § ~_ - oe \inear? A TH A+ system is said supercesst ten primeiple. optities the 4 ZR of ic) ® uae hy Charactenists ce Tinea sysemt cp odut © eeatctonl ewe ce cchctes the, onbithe | peavey => sattishies “he sealing property ( homogenerly) Dy 2) way) 2 vold)[ss | x) — em glen x*—— wn. myn) ore vy, _ yt) 2 —P Hay HP My ~ xn Pn Pracckeally most o| Ahe signal's are Fae Now liner. Researchers “b Aran) eto Ve erences 3 mate predictions KR umoelersland — “The oharracrtores lies df the erthne Populection bey shying, ‘the Sanpre + smallee. » aanetly Wwe — dhosenLee - 1h Retreat wooo Re (a) ext) Figh x) —— [asim | VQ ye ay) aA aLy.t4) a " Lee : { ys 2 eh clies wigs Meas ie pad proapel zs | — os / . AQ om NG fy Ts os ” shade system {neat Gordifion > ahi? Py A\ ke a yA = athe ep =e” es 413 — avy) » L Le +14 —? yl—ryve t dul trby sy) =" (4) + yt) \ineare So, Whe ayten! \s ye x) yey 2 b fate on 28) § =a. L CK) Ae t+ x(k) —> yWe ayy + oly) So, The syse™m Ys \imeat. . 7, vpe— Volt+Qe Dependent Capacitor ay VDR — Vote Dependent } Restidor _ezamplet Tome) Resistor «= JFET Qoliege- eheinae. SIH Resistowe @ charge a) —> We our Gh yy, aondition ‘ R= a teed a =z — ee ab WY ates i) va PR _ xB Rx + Re Tee Tae rx)Now ¥ Cd \ax(d = vil) G wo) nd) \a ald ( ol) avian wh ey x) A ald ny Fmt) f -, a ae 5 44 248 rat So, The gystem ' mon-linest - is Suppsez y 4, =9 1 x elO db ee +” ya WD 6 »W) = - x) eo eX ‘ \S 2. Jae a fo eer tS yh yep a Be = gy =e ee So, he cysitem S jrone| ; Oe ah aondrtion IQ, 2 hy FY 79 Solve is ‘the Veltoge diwaen ‘system liner OF nol 2 mean.iw = YB Ye oe Si vk yay ak Nz Lae y Sy ema “Nhe \ Oe ne sysvem OS snow above - » Copacitor charging & disehorcaing vu Benenticl equation. -*y system =z ©& Tntially , Cepacrroe Ajxere ee . _-» Oven oN —y ae on paren sy som HE» * v2 Ema the ot ued Lingan ot not?Leo =12 ib petecmine — wnieh oy he following — system linear , @ y= oat w y= oo” Ste \s coy YO = © 2% tbl ca) | , 5 x(D ® ani yt) = oa 1 dargttd - yee Fm dy. std + OP Neo, ye «td + F »& 4 ax) +& a) a, 4) zh& a [e j it) + 0 uty Ts ey a \ ee / i ri ae yf ata ) Z pa) Le -.@) Ss > 1) = a “ls near system{ (b) YD = exp [ey] YW —> x04) NWA) = ©xP Lat yl) = exe mtb xe cas’ ya ALY = e*? Ca (B ee" yy ye er A Teo) a 20 (xr CHS" we exp OCD oY iF J (a) = cay © AC oS = exe UN, (DS zene (% xi te mCQ) sD Y3() ~~ O => Nowy lingn « &) yk) = 0 a9s xt) aA) — WA) uy —- YY | yw =¢ aos e) 5 , yee = ©6058 LL? Vr (AR ach) = Cos ade Ci es (xe) | \ mck) + Yh = Cows Lets ay 5\ linear. as 4- é ANY . . t ve " : 6V 4 ' = MH) qrh a2, 4- bx) = ont) —p Cnvel os th Veneetty pas cb be dertmed coil 4 Meret wil | he detined equations . rs sw «4 charging sw — ‘pipe dis charg atone syse™m © ry bm —- ohareging aa, t br stowage > digeareQi" we, oO WS SWE. -to close ribe BH Grenerel orem dilferce mel eqyction qn wD), * ateek ney) 10 a system ay sty), Ari qF a J(D= pecorg function CopacitoreAn a> Contant SW denial =p _dsy)_ =6 —7 ake . 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