A Qualitative Research Approach Is An Inevitable Part of Research Methodology - An Overview

International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com
A Qualitative Research Approach Is an

Inevitable Part of Research Methodology: An
Overview
Suravi Lahiri
Assistant Professor, Head Of Dept. Of Sociology

Ghoshpukur College, Siliguri, West Bengal
Abstract
The main intension of this paper is to examine an overview of the Qualitative research method. This
method usually explores the complex nature of phenomena or social reality as experienced by a person’s
expression, attitude, culture, beliefs, ideas, an intension. humongous changes are transpiring now, the
one is the technological uprising which correlates people to people through several social platforms, the
second is the outburst of academics theories, so qualitative research now exists in a radically unique
theoretical landscape. Qualitative research is frequently use to analyze complicated phenomena or to
reach perspicuity into people’s knowledge and viewpoint on social issues. it concerns not only
organizing the data but also transcribing , coding, and interpreting the data. it is especially valuable
when investigator have the urge to comprehend the significance the people connect to their pieces of
knowledge or when they wish to reveal the approaches, such as grounded theory, ethnography, case
study, phenomenology, narrative, analysis etc. the most familiar procedure for data collection are
participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups and for data analysis, a field diary
and audio recording are used.
KEY WORDS- Qualitative, Research, Grounded, Phenomenology, Narrative, Case Study,

Phenomena.
Introduction
Qualitative research has grown in popularity in the last two decades and is becoming widely accepted
across most disciplines. It is the methodical accumulation of analyzing in-depth at non-numerical data [
textual, field notes, Survey, Interview, observation, memos, personal journal, audio, picture, video] for
statistical analysis. Qualitative research has been encompasses several Philosophical and psychological
thought and reconnoiter perspective of human life which light gleamed on individual personal
experiences. Qualitative research is an interpretive and naturalistic approach [Guba and Lincoln 1994].
These method usually explore complex phenomena or social reality as experienced by
person`s expression, attitudes, culture, belief, ideas, motives, imagination and intentions. It`s more
descriptive and systematic methodology basically used by social scientists. Qualitative research has been
influenced by a number of branches such as positivism, Grounded theory, social constructionism,
symbolic interactionism and phenomenology. This method is myriad Perception of human life world
and interprets their understanding of experiences and events. It`s more communicative method easily
IJFMR23033178 Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023 1

understandable and felt by all. Qualitative research is used to explore the potential antecedents and
factors about which little has been known and explored (strauss and corbin 1998). Qualitative research
often consider themselves instruments in research because all observations, interpretations and analyses
are filtered through their own personal lens [Bhandari 2022]. It exhibit reality as experienced by the
groups, communities, individuals etc. The historical transitions or moments in qualitative research
together with the notion of paradigms [Denzin and Lincoln2005]. Burns and Grove [1993] define
qualitative research as a formal, objective, systematic process to describe and test relationship and
examine cause and effect interactions among variables. It is a strait scientific enquiry also termed as
interpretative framework concerned with understanding human beings and nature of their transactions
with themselves and with their understanding.
Origin
The Several sub-discipline have influenced the growth of Qualitative research. Chicago school of
America in the 1920s and 1930s emphasized the prominent role of qualitative research in social science.
A branch of another discipline also liable for the continued development of qualitative approach. The
advanced qualitative research on account of Lyman and Vidich was evident in the 17th century in the
earlier ethnographic study.During the first phase 1900-1950 which impart with the Vidich and
Lymana`s. Qualitative researcher`s make efforts to furnish authentic and precise an account of the
exterior of other The Second Phase 1950-1970 adorns the golden age of Qualitative method. This phase
is embellished in the writings of various personalities such as Abecker, Harold S.Becker, Mlanche,
Blanche Greer, Everett C. Hughes and Anselm`s. The father of qualitative research Paul Felix
Lazersfield had shown how psychology could provide a framework to expound human behavior. Third
Phase 1970-1986 is included through pluralism open endedness and interpretative approaches. Denzin
and Lincoln called these phase as ‘ genre dispora’. This phase the qualitative researcher had a wealth
of methods and theories to choose form-from semiotics to neo-Marxist theory and from critical theory to
post-positivism.The fourth Phase 1986-1990 is glorious in reflexive research exercise. Research turned
up by feminist and racial, and ethnic concerns assembled motivation during this era.
Importance
Qualitative research emerged on Paradigm of social constructionism and interpretations. It is inductive
in nature and to construct theory which start from social reality. We can collect data at the same time we
also can verify theory. It is an in-depth analysis that pursues a phenomena that has not been analyzed
earlier. It take measures of sagacity into the cause and recommendation of casual processes. It stimulates
to explaining social phenomena and also encourage creativity and ingenious analysis of social affairs in
an explanatory frameworks. It support to knowing complicated phenomena that are different or
inconvenient to perform in quantitative research.
When Should We Use The Qualitative Method:

When it is difficult to collect adequate information by using Quantitative method this situation
researcher’s using Qualitative method. For example, One reputed company observed that they have quite
a number of workers coming coming late to workplace everyday. Using qualitative method with stuff
authorities realize the actual problems. Most of these workers are living far away from workplace where
the transportation system is very poor. So they come late.

Institutionalization Of Qualitative Method :

Qualitative Sociology is at the Peak of Popularity in recent times. Qualitative research Pervade a
Prominent in the world of Sociology. It has existed since the advent of empirical sociological research.
The Sociological academic world is dominated by quantitative methods. In this context, the emergence
of scientific qualitative journals constitutes a form of legitimizing such Sociology. The Qualitative
research boom in the late twentieth century, when many qualitative journals were founded, some sort of
resistance to qualitative studies seems everlasting, especially among Positivistically oriented researchers.
An increasing number of handbooks regarding teaching qualitative methods and research provide
another sign of such institutionalization. Handbooks include those by Howard Becker 1998, Barney
Glaser 1998, Kathy Charmaz 2006, Atkinson 2001, David Silverman 2010, they provide strong support
for under graduate and graduate students and are very helpful for those teaching, research methods and
data analysis in Sociology.
Characteristic Of Qualitative Method
• The Qualitative approach is an intuitive.
• In the inductive data analysis method the main aim is to explore intricate human issues, behaviors,
and attitude.
• Multiple sources of data
• Researcher is a crucial instrument, they can collect data directly from an interview and observation.
• Reflexible
• Looks in-depth at non-numerical data such as Video, textua, field diary, observation, interview.
• Sample size is smaller, so data saturation can be elongate rapidly.
• Data is gathered from surveys, interviews, observations, field notes, video etc.
• ITERATIVE- A report or copy can be read many times to draw conclusion and highlight key terms.
• The Data Collection and data analysis processes happened simultaneously
• It`s intends to project a holistic approach to a particular situation.
• It is ingrained in people`s day by day life. They Gain experiences and put together significance
happening in their lives. It`s underlined on man to man interactions.
• A researcher can spend an extended long time in investigations.
• Data are to be used to formulate concepts and theories which can enable comprehend the social
existence.
Elements of Qualitative Method

TRUTH VALUE [CREDIBILITY]: Precise articulation of incident. Researcher is a main component
of the study. Several facts are there, researcher doing investigation with introspection and its prolonged
investigation. Persistent observation, Peer debriefing, negative cases also be analysis.
APPLICABILITY [TRANSFERABILITY]: Suitable within the exterior circumstances.There are

specific span and situation based on experiences.The computed Sampling, Which has depth and wealthy
explanation.
CONSISTENCY [DEPENDIBILITY]: Depreciation distinctive understanding, of an interpretation,

variability chased an identifiable references, multiple researchers, quite assumption, descriptors,
mechanically documented data.

NEUTRALITY [CONFIRMABILITY] : Prejudices, Curiosities, dedication, intension to investigators`

outlook can impact on a brief discussion. An autobiography, journals, or brief descriptions are the
methods for collection of data.
DATA COLLECTION METHOD

The most common data collection techniques are semi- structured interview, document study,
observation, focus group and In-depth Interview.
Semi- structured interview
Semi- structured interview is a data Collection method that relies on asking questions within a
predetermined thematic framework. In research semi-structured interviews are often qualitative in
nature. Semi structured interviews are a mix of structured and unstructured interviews. Some questions
are pre planned but rest of questions are predetermined.
Document
Document comprises qualitative data. magazine, website. newspaper, personal diary, blogs, Journals,
emails, which refers to non-numerical information that researchers organizes into categories. Unit of
meaning and set of categories are two basic steps of analysis. Credibility. Dependability. Conformability.
Transferability, Authenticity is another degree of data analysis. After completed these steps researcher
have a framework for approaching the document analysis.
Observation
Qualitative observation trusts on individuals sense. taste. sight. hearing, smell. Applying this senses
investigators can collect particular and authentic data. Qualitative observation is the act of collecting
information by subjective techniques.
Focus group
Focus group is a one kind of Qualitative research. That co-ordinates between small group of people to
moderated settings. .Initially researcher clean the data ,assign each participant a number or pseudonym
for organizational goal. Transcribe the recording and execute content analysis to glance for themes or
categories of reaction. The intension of this method is to collect feedback, review, and opinions from the
particular products issues.
In-depth interview
In-depth interview are a Qualitative data Collection method that permit for the gather of a massive
content of information about the behavior, attitude and Perception of the interviewees. Its flexible,
interactive, generative in nature. They are time consuming as they must be transcribed, organized,
analyzed in data. The main objective of in-depth interview is to understand the consumer behavior and
make well — informed decisions.
DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

Qualitative research is an unquantifiable experiences about human life world. There are different data
analysis methods like
Formulate and Classify data: It is the process of organizing data into similar [homogeneous] groups
Data Classification also convert data into categories that make it easy to regain variety and preserve for
future use.
Assessment and Analyze: explore the data for ways or recounted ideas that materialize.

Formulate a data Coding techniques: Coding indicates to the position of accompanying significant
ideas with the data of self- convenience. Coding provides specific meaning or brief g.eps of feasible
actions from data. In view of Qualitative research explain coding process generally identified and
manifested.
Allocate Codes to the data: As you go through your data you can create new codes to acid to your
system is necessary.
Recognize recurring themes: Connect codes concurrently into cohesive, overarching themes.
Thematic analysis: Data may be categorized into thematic analyses sample as the first groundwork for
forming and describe the matter.
Paradigms of Qualitative research
There are four Paradigm of qualitative research which make researcher to the exposition and que.ion in a
specific situation
• Positivist and Post-Positivist
• Constructivist- interpretive
• Critical [Marxist]
• Feminist—Post structural
PARADIGM FEATURES TYPES OF THEORY CATEGORY
OF NARRATION
Positivist Internal-external reality Logical-deductive Logical Statement
and Post-Postitivist approach, grounded
theory
Constructive Credibility, Tangible rightful Ethnographic fiction
and interpretive transferability, interpretative case
conformability studies
Marxist Race, class, gender, Critical historical, Historical economic
falsifiable, emancipatory economics socio-cultural analysis
theory
Feminist Reflexivity, Praxis, Imperative stance Essays stories Research
emotion concrete live based Write up
experiences
Types Of Qualitative Method

1.Grounded Theory
Grounded theory is a systematic general research methodology that has been largely applied on
qualitative research since 1967, which conducted by social scientists. The methodology contrasts with
the hypo- thetico -deductive model used in traditional scientific research. Grounded theory devices it`s
theoretical underpinnings from pragmatism and symbolic interactionism. Grounded theory is not a
theory but it is a method an approach. a strategy whose purpose is to generate theory from data. These
theory involves the application of inductive reasoning. These method developed by two Sociologist
Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss. They describe their method in more detail in their 1967 book. "The
Discovery of Grounded theory." Dynamic grounded theory is combines traditions in positivist
philosophy. general sociology and particularly the symbolic interactionist branch of sociology. Grounded
theory constructs symbolic codes based on categories emerging from recorded qualitative dares The

grounded theory systems studies the inter-relationship between meaning in the perception of the subjects
and their action. The aim of Qualitative research specially grounded theory is to spawn ample data so
that the explain concept. categories. properties and dimension of the gives phenomena. Grounded means
that the theory will be generated on the basis of data. the theory will therefore be uounded in data case
study.
Data Collection
Data are collected by using the Inductive and typical analytic approach. It is systematic and
Comprehensive comparison to be embraced. Develop thematic structure. Sample size is small. In-depth
interview. and focus groups techniques usually researchers applied.
The Preface of Grounded theory approach for theory building

The theory instruct significant functions in the grounded theory approach. The main intension is to
render a theory. In construction of research building, theory act as multiple character. Eminent scholar
Glaser and Strauss conveys that does not accept any theoretical framework or Previous supposition for
research design. literature survey or brief sketch for research stratezy, during grounded theory research.
In the era of theories on social dogma. wants to the domination of a social sentiments and feeling of
theory.
2. Phenomenology
The Phenomenological method is curious in the introspection of the study of phenomenon. Where it's a
mode to define things that already subsist as segments of the world in which we survive. The Qualitative
method of phenomenology make adequate theoretical tool for researcher that's assist to understand
phenomena as several prospect of human social experience. In qualitative research there are initially two
forms of phenomenological methodologies likely descriptive phenomenology and interpretive
phenomenology provides adequate theoretical instruments that help researcher to understand phenomena
as well as many aspects of human social experience Descriptive phenomenology was introduced by
philosophical work of Edmund Husserl, idea comes from transcendental phenomenology. An
interpretive phenomenology or Hermeneutic Phenomenology was derived from the works of scholars
like Merleau-Ponty 1962, Gadamer and Linge 2008, Martin Heidegger 1996. The general qualitative
methodology of social science research has directed phenomenology as a methodological approach
which is trusted as qualitative and experimental methods in social science research.
Data Collection
The main focus area of phenomenology is human experiences, attitude,culture, etc. The best method are
to be consider in-depth interview, focus group and observations. Individual and group experiences are
normative perception are
sought out.
The Preface of Phenomenological approach for theory building

The exercise of theory compare with both method such as Descriptive Phenomenology and
Transcendental Phenomenology. While Descriptive Phenomenology is based on assumption, and its

Principle is coming from a theoretical framework. On the other side Transcendental Phenomenology
investigator's given the exert to reject the impact of the theory on the Conversant trends of the study.
3.Case study
Case study research involves a detailed and small inclusive and intensive analysis of a particular event,
situation_ organization or social unit. Typically a Case has a defind space and time frame a phenomenon
of some sort in bounded context [Miles, Huberman and Saldana 2014]. In terms of scope, a case study is
an in-depth investigation of a contemporary phenomena within its real life context. The Case study is
appropriate especially if the context is relevant to the phenomena. Case studies are best conceptualized
by the bounded phenomena of interest and not by specific methods. So different studies can be
conducted under this broad umbrella. It is a method of exploring and analyzing the life of a social unit.
The aim is to find out the influencing factors of a social unit and the relationship between these factors
and a social unit.
Data Collection
Intensive study of one or more cases with the help of semi-structured or un-structed interview and
observation. Exploring individual experiences in a unique quality.
The preface of Case Study approach for theory building

The design of the research, questions making is a significant segment in Case study approach. The case
study method requires to inferring the theoretical framework from the outset of the investigations
because it's influenced by the research questions. In general, the theory will execute a preface in the
sketch of the research questions where it should ordain the theoretical framework which requires to
illustrating the human demeanor and pre- inferences, which may draw up about the human interchange
and at the identical period hold the relationship between the aspects of the investigations.
4. Ethnography
Ethnography is a one kind qualitative research which focused on any group's or communities shared
culture. manner, usages. custom and social dynamics. The main amenities in this research method is it
allows researcher direct access to the Culture. It is useful approach for learning first hand about the
behavior and interaction of people within a particular context. It is an open and flexible method. It aims
to offer a rich narrative account of a specific culture allowing you to explore many different aspects of
the group and setting. There are few approach like open vs closed settings. overt vs covert ethnography
closed settings overt vs covert ethnography and active vs passive observation. Most ethnography is
overt. In an overt approach the ethnographer openly states their intentions and acknowledges their role
as a research to the member of the group being studied.
Data Collection
Ethnographers collect data through observations and interviews. Data collection methods comprise
structured and unstructured observations and participant observations.

The Preface of Ethnographic approach for theory building

The ethnographic research is an explicative manner but it basically turns on the Proficiency open to each
of the phenomenon. Therefore Computation in the ethnographic method is comes from theories of
ethnographic culture.
5. Mixed Method
Mixed methods research is a sprouted area of methodology, choice for many academics and researchers
from across a medly of discipline areas. With the development and perceived legitimacy of both
quantitative and qualitative research in the social and human sciences. mixed methods research.
employing the hybrid of both quantitative and qualitative research has gain popularity. Mixed methods
research is basically defined as the class of research where research mixes or combines qualitative and
quantitative research techniques methods. approaches. Concepts or languages into a single draws
inferences from both qualitative and quantitative data in a single study or a program of inquiry.
Data Collection
Mixed method involve both quantitative and qualitative data analysis method. Observations, survey,
archival research and secondary data collection methods are both quantitative and qualitative technique.
interview, focus group are ethnographic qualitative methods.
The Preface of Mixed Method approach for theory building

The method of making and formulating an avowal of ideas and their inter-relationship to exhibit how
and why a phenomena rise.
6. Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis method is a one type of qualitative research approach which is generally adopted by
social science disciplines. Main objective is to understand how languages is used in real life situation.
This approach basically used to analysis written. vocal or sign languages or important semiotic aspects.
Discourse analysis emphasizes how humans construct meaning, through speech and text and its object
of analysis typically goes beyond individual sentences. Discourse analysis means examining how
languages functions and meaning is created in different social context. It is applied to any instance of
written or oral language as well as non-verbal aspects of communication such as tone gestures.
Discourse analysis emphasizes the contextual meaning of language.
Data Collection
Some time this types of qualitative method depend on existing documentation. Participant observation is
conductive to discourse analysis. Interaction to each other growing with the help of interview and focus
group, may be studied.
The preface of Discourse Analysis for theory building

The making of theory building include the use of analytical concepts from interpretative schemes or
frames, classification, structure, Phenomenal structure, narrative structure.
Syntactical contours, coherence, interactive performance, plans, goal, participants strategies, culture,
ideology, personality, gender emotion and power of solidarity among participants or institutions.

7. Narrative Analysis
Narrative researchers look for to understand the experiences of an individual. There are some
characteristic of narrative research individual experiences, chronology of the experiences, collecting
individuals stories, restoring, coding for theme, context or context or sitting. Narrative can be derived
from journal, letters, conversations, autobiography, transcripts Of in-depth interviews. focus group or
other types of narrative qualitative research and then used in narrative research. There are dual layer of
interpretation in narrative analysis. First the research participant interpret their own lives through
narrative. Then the researcher interprets the construction of that narrative. Narrative analysis generally
used in narrative research but it also used in other approaches like as grounded theory. action research,
ethnology and so on.
Data Collection
Interview, field diary, Participant observation, written stories. visual and archived data and artifacts in a
source of data collection.
The Preface of Narrative for theory building

At the Out set of the Construction and the analysis of research problem and discernible the function of
theory in narrative approach is structured. Theory also recreates function in the Phases of determining
the variety and size of the sample. Theory also perform in the significant structure of sampling. methods,
research problem. and method of research that has been selected. On the time of data exploration and
data lay up, theoretical framework act an imperative part and link up ideas and re-narrate relinquish
thrusting among novel, outcome and the personal view of the Participant and researcher. And also theory
boost in the way of recognize themes that get up from the narrative and incident functions.
8. Inductive Thematic Analysis

Inductive thematic method of analyzing qualitative data generally used in texts such as interviewer
transcripts. This Process was originally developed for psychology research by Virgiria Braun and
Victoria Clarke. This is a flexible method that can be adopted to many different kinds of research.
Thematic analysis is a good approach to research where you are trying to find out something about
peoples' views, opinion, knowledge, experiences, or values from a qualitative data like interview,
transcript, social media profiles or survey responses. The main two approaches are inductive and
deductive analysis. The researcher closely explores the data to recognize familiar themes, topics, ideas
and patterns of importance that reach up constantly. The adaptable method can be acclimated to
numerous sorts of research. Its open up new insights and concepts from data.
Data Collection
Depth interview and focus group are two data important data collection method. Thematic synthesis has
three stages -the coding of text line by line, the development of descriptive themes and the generation of
analytical themes.
The Preface inductive thematic analysis for theory building

The thematic analysis involves deriving meaning and creating themes from data without any pre-
conception. Theory building thematic analysis begins with broad task of the text and determining the

essential phrases and assess them codes. This way starts from one interaction replica to the next and goes
on until all the transcripts are not coded. Investigators give se. E-7-al text for reading to identify codes.
Akin and unlike codes are divided so that redundancy could be stave off which conduct to decide about
themes, in the end emerged on themes and theory is coined.
Type,Features and Data Collection Procedure of Qualitative Research Approach

Types Features Data Collection
Inductive data collection method• In depth interview
GROUNDED THEORY to be used. It is an organized • Focus group
strategy to create thematic
structure Sample size is small so time
consuming
Given light on human• In depth interview
experiences there • Focus group
attitude,
PHENOMENOLOGY intensions. • Un-structured interview
• Semi-structured interview
Focus group and in-depth
interview are perfect method for
data collection
• Observation
Intensive study, brief analysis of
specific cases and examining • ‘Participant observation
CASE STUDY distinctive quality questionnaire
• Document
• Interview
Questions and observations
should focus on the distinctive
component.
• Ethnology is holistic estimation • Participant observation
• Systematic study of individual • Field diary
culture • Case study
ETHNOMETHODOLOGY • A vast range of • Interview
• Group and organization have • Survey`s
been explored.
• Ethnographers Time taking and long term field
• Study interpret culture, they work be conducted. Focus on
• Learned customs, ritual and historical background.
• Languages of any community
• This • Quantitative and Qualitative

method included both
MIXED METHOD Qualitative and Quantitative method are analyzed
method in single way. • Data in mix methods study can
be analytic method and vast
theoretical perspectives.

• Natural study on public events • Document analysis

and documents • Interview
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS • Case study
• Group Discussion
• Participant Observation
• These method highlighted
existing document.
• In-depth interview
In narrative data can be gathered
letters, interview etc. • Participant observation
NARRATIVE ANALYSIS • In-depth interview
• Focus group
Given more importance some
stories which comes from
participants in a larger culture.
• Very Popular analytical approach • Participant Observation

used in Qualitative investigation• In-depth interview
INDUCTIVE THEMATIC • Focus group
ANALYSIS • Involves identifying and coding
some themes within data The Central elements of a
generic inductive approach is
• Pertains to reading textual data methodological flexibility.
Top Ten Qualitative Data Analysis Software

Qualitative data analysis software supports to qualitative research in several modes such as data analysis,
organize large numbers qualitative data, interpret of text and code. It helps to categorization,
evalution.overall analysis of data.The best Qualitative software can be uses different research analysis
such as focus group, grounded theory,telephone, interview, mixed methods analysis etc. There are
several types of free Qualitative data analysis software such as
CAQDAS is computer assisted Qualitative data analysis software.

CAQDAS CAQDAS has comprises enquiry tools, writing tool, Coding,
mapping and linking tools.
CATMA stands for COMPUTER ASSISTED TEXTUAL MARKU
CATMA AND ANALYSIS. It is a Practical and intuitive tool for text
researchers. It also support of digital text in almost any languages.
It automated statistical and non-statistical analytical functions.
One of the in-expensive, cloud based application for Qualitative
DEDOOSE data analysis.
It is an essential free research and reference manager. User can
QIQAA review their work, write up, it also approve for automatic

identification, tagging and Categorization PDF.

Most easy and convenient software to use for coding qualitative
ATLASTI data. It is mostly used researchers to organized and analyze
complex textual and multimedia data.
It is important desktop software that authorized users to and analyze
VISAO large text data. It supports various Encoding, Dictionary-building,
regex Paticrus and also customizes a parsing process.
MAXQDA world leading Software Packages for qualitative data
MAXQDA analysis and mixed method research helps researchers and analysis
ga insights from written or text documents.
NOSQL refer non-relational database, data bases store data
NOSQL documents rather than relational table. The main types are graph,
documents.
Stands for TEXT ANALYSIS MARKUP SYSTEM. It is generally
TAMS used in Ethnographic and Discourse research analysiTAM analyzer
is open source, it is released under GPLV2.
FREEQDA This Software generally used research data analysis such as field
Description. Interview, articles, manuscripts and memos.
Benefits of Using Software for Qualitative Data Analysis

• Time Saving
• Useful to analysis huge numbers of qualitative data at a time.
• Eligible to analysis complex pattern of data.
• It Collaborate in research
• Make the research processes more transparent
• The Software can study an enormous volume of qualitative data.
Advantages and Disadvantages

There are some advantages and disadvantages of Qualitative research
Advantages Disadvantages
Encourage discussion, it recommended Lack of Privacy, it can be influenced by
predictive qualities. researchers bias
Analyze attitudes and behavior in-depth, When researchers select sample on the basis
comprises the human experiences. of bias then it creates data with questionable
value
Limited Sample Size and content generator. There are several session to be covered so it
is time taking method.
Flexible in nature, it is a method that is still Because of open ended it can create
open ended. misleading conclusions. Rigidity is absent.
Conclusion

Qualitative research is an indispensable strategy for research methodology. It`s an integral part of the
entire research process. In this Paper, we have brought out the qualitative approaches from several
viewpoints. Qualitative research attains excellent knowledge and interprets the social world. The
researchers can open up and better understand the complexity of social reality. It`s deals with human real
life experiences and actions. It is an inductive nature and creates a theory that begins from social reality.
This paper enriched and assessed all dimensions of qualitative research and constructed a structure for
further analysis.
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Scholar]
2. Cohen, D, Crabtree B Qualitative research guidelines project. 2006 Retrieved March 11.2014 from
http //www.qualres.org/HomeSemi-3629html.
3. Drobot, L.[2012]. Qualitative Research in Social Sciences and Education-Basic Paradigms and
Research Methods. Research in Pedagogy, 2 [2], 11-20.
4. Flick, U. [2014].An Introduction to qualitative research [5th Ed.] SAGE, London.
5. Giorgi A. Phenomenology and psychological research. Dusquesne university press; Press; Pittsburgh,
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6. Strauss, A, & Corbin, J [1988] Basic of Qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for
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International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)

E-ISSN: 2582-2160 ● Website: www.ijfmr.com ● Email: editor@ijfmr.com

A Qualitative Research Approach Is an

Assistant Professor, Head Of Dept. Of Sociology

KEY WORDS- Qualitative, Research, Grounded, Phenomenology, Narrative, Case Study,

IJFMR23033178 Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023 1

When Should We Use The Qualitative Method:

IJFMR23033178 Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023 2

Institutionalization Of Qualitative Method :

Elements of Qualitative Method

APPLICABILITY [TRANSFERABILITY]: Suitable within the exterior circumstances.There are

CONSISTENCY [DEPENDIBILITY]: Depreciation distinctive understanding, of an interpretation,

IJFMR23033178 Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023 3

NEUTRALITY [CONFIRMABILITY] : Prejudices, Curiosities, dedication, intension to investigators`

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

IJFMR23033178 Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023 4

Types Of Qualitative Method

IJFMR23033178 Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023 5

The Preface of Grounded theory approach for theory building

The Preface of Phenomenological approach for theory building

IJFMR23033178 Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023 6

The preface of Case Study approach for theory building

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The Preface of Ethnographic approach for theory building

The Preface of Mixed Method approach for theory building

The preface of Discourse Analysis for theory building

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The Preface of Narrative for theory building

8. Inductive Thematic Analysis

The Preface inductive thematic analysis for theory building

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Type,Features and Data Collection Procedure of Qualitative Research Approach

• This • Quantitative and Qualitative

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• Natural study on public events • Document analysis

• Very Popular analytical approach • Participant Observation

Top Ten Qualitative Data Analysis Software

CAQDAS is computer assisted Qualitative data analysis software.

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identification, tagging and Categorization PDF.

Benefits of Using Software for Qualitative Data Analysis

Advantages and Disadvantages

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