UHV 2- 22GE301

III SEM 2023-24

CSE, CSD, IT, CSBS & ADS
Unit 5 Question Bank with answers

1. What is definite human conduct?

The human beings living with knowing, the response becomes definite and leads to
definite human conduct. This is a state of solution. This transformation from a state of
problem to a state of solution is facilitated by human education-Sanskar.
2. What is ‘Ethical conduct’?
‘Ethical conduct’ implies that it is naturally acceptable to me and does not give rise to
conflict within. Or ‘Ethical conduct’ implies that it leads to mutual fulfilment with other
people and mutual enrichment with the rest of nature.

3. What are the main guidelines for holistic systems?

▪ The capacity to cater to appropriate needs and lifestyles.
▪ People-friendliness and eco-friendliness.
▪ Effective utilization of local resources, local expertise and manpower
and priority for local consumption and Decentralized structure.

4. Give some typical examples from Traditional Technologies and Systems.

The water harvesting storage and utilization systems through ponds and other
artefacts.
• Traditional agricultural practices
• Traditional local remedies and healthcare techniques
• Grain storage and food preservation practices
• Yoga, ayurveda, and naturopathy-based healthcare systems
• Family-based rural enterprises
• Rural craft and handcrafted practices

5. Which provides the basis to develop an undivided society and a universal

human order?
The right understanding provides us with the basis to evolve a humanistic education
system, holistic health care systems, appropriate technologies, production systems
and management models, and an economic order based on recyclability and
compatibility with nature.
 Also, with the help of the right understanding, it will be possible to visualize a
humanistic constitution which will facilitate the development of a harmonious
world family, an undivided society, and a universal human order.

6. What is a Profession?
Profession implies meaningful participation in the larger order including society and
nature in fulfillment of comprehensive human goals and in the process also making
available the necessary physical facility for one’s family.
7. What is Professional ethics?
Professional ethics is described as the code of ethical conduct of the profession.
Developing value competence and ethical competence in individuals (professionals) is
an effective way to ensure professional ethics.
8. List out the two points on which competence in professional ethics is based.
Competence in professional ethics is based on the following:
Clarity about the comprehensive human goal: right understanding and right feeling,
prosperity, trust, and co-existence.
Confidence in oneself as well as confidence in the relationship, harmony, and co-
existence major in its entire existence.
9. What is the Ethical conduct of the profession implying?
Ethical conduct of a profession implies the right utilization of one’s professional skills
in the larger order towards the fulfillment of a comprehensive human goal.
Competence of mutually fulfilling behaviour, clarity, and confidence in ethical human
conduct and its correlation with sustainable personal as well as collective happiness
and prosperity.
10. How do the values need to be inculcated?
The values need not be enforced through fear of punishment.
The values need not be enforced through greed (enticement of incentives)
These values are sustained in the long run because they are naturally acceptable.
Self-exploration, leading to the right understanding is the way to serve the purpose.
11. Which helps human beings to transform from animal consciousness to human
consciousness?
The right understanding helps the human being to transform from animal consciousness
to human consciousness.
12. The human beings living with (natural acceptance) human consciousness is holistic
development- What does this lead to?
✓ This leads to Individual transformation – from animal consciousness to human
consciousness.
✓ Societal transformation – from an inhumane society to a humane society.
PART B ( 13 MARKS)
1. Explain in detail the Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct. (View 1)
a. Right understanding provides us clarity about its definitiveness.
b. Let us find the answers to these questions.
(i) What is the innateness of human beings?
(ii) What is our humanness in reality?
 c. As a mango tree has a definite ‘mango-ness’, iron has a definite ‘iron-ness’, and
a cow has a definite ‘cow-ness’; similarly, we need to understand our
humanness.
d. The right understanding gained through self-exploration enables us to identify
the definiteness of human conduct which may also be called ethical human
conduct. It is the same for all human beings. So, we are also able to understand
the universality of ethical human conduct which is in harmony with the
universal human values.

But unless we have the right understanding, we are not able to identify the
definitiveness of ethical human conduct. Conduct includes what we think (our imagination)
and what we do and the basis of this thinking and doing (assumption or understanding). In
Fig., it is shown that B1 or right understanding is the basis of thinking and doing. B1
motivates and guides our imagination (B2) and finally, if required, it is expressed through
the Body in the form of behaviour, work, and participation in the larger order.
Definite human conduct is the sum of the state of harmony within, expressing itself and
participating in harmony with the outside world. The harmony in the Self is naturally
expressed and extended at all levels of our being as follows:
• Harmony at the Level of Self - Happiness
• Harmony of the Self with the Body - Health at the level of the body
• Harmony in the family, in human-human relationships - Mutual happiness, justice,
fearlessness
• Harmony with the rest of nature Mutual prosperity – prosperity in human beings and
preservation of the rest of nature Harmony with the whole of nature/existence Co-
existence (mutual fulfilment)
2. How are the values, policy, and character understood further in ethical human
conduct? (View 2)

Ethical human conduct can be further grasped in terms of values, policy, and characters:

Human Values – Understanding of the Role of Human Beings in Existence

Once we have the right understanding (relationship, harmony, and co-existence), we
can see our natural participation or values at all levels of being – from individual to
family, society, and nature/existence. This participation or human values are definite
and form the basis of our ethical human conduct.
Policy – Thought of how to express (live with) Human Values
Having identified the definite human values, these become the guide to our imagination
(desire, thought and expectation). Our imaginations are always in terms of how to fulfill
this participation and live with these values. The comprehensive analysis of how to live
with these values, and how to express these values is what policy is. These policies are,
therefore, naturally conducive to human welfare – conducive to enrichment, protection
and right utilization of self, body, and physical resources; and at the same time, they
are conducive to the welfare of every unit in existence.

Character – Expression of Human Values in Behaviour, Work and Participation

in the Larger Order Human
Character is the expression or the interaction of the human being with the world outside,
in terms of behaviour, work and participation in the larger order. With definite values
guiding our imaginations, and a comprehensive analysis of the ways and means to live
with these values, their expression outside, in terms of behaviour, work and
participation in the larger order is human character. This can be understood in terms of
the following:
✓ Chastity in a conjugal relationship.
✓ Rightful acquisition and utilization of wealth – by way of labour, using
cyclic and mutually enriching production processes (such as agriculture,
manufacturing of clothes, construction of buildings, machine
manufacturing, etc.)
✓ Kindness in behaviour and work – ensuring justice in behaviour and
preservation of the rest of nature in work, leading to the fulfillment of the
comprehensive human goal while compensating for deficiencies created in
the past.

3. In the current scenario what are the issues in Professional Ethics?

The issues in professional ethics are becoming very complex in the current scenario.
The unethical practices are rapidly increasing, and their impact is also becoming far-
reaching. Corruption in various professions is affecting all careers like a virus.
Similarly, other unethical practices are also increasing and getting out of control. It
appears as if human originality is being increasingly exploited to devise newer and
trickier ways to hinder the ethical conduct of the profession, to twist the laws and to
beat the system.
As a result of this ‘epidemic’ of unethical practices, we are frequently coming across
serious scams, major economic offences, and kickbacks in large-scale purchases. These
 are also shown in the form of hawala and benami transactions, in fact, leading to a
parallel black-market economy. Lapses on the part of big organizations in the ethical
conduct of the profession have led to large-scale disasters, such as the Bhopal Gas
Tragedy, the Chornobyl Disaster, etc., endangering public life and property, and
causing serious degradation to the environment.

We may enlist some salient categories of these unethical practices as follows.

➢ Corruption in multiple forms and at various levels
➢ Tax evasion, misappropriation, and misuse of public funds
➢ Misuse of political power and bureaucratic authority
➢ Misleading propaganda, unethical advertisements, and sales promotion
➢ Cut-throat competition
➢ Exploiting the weakness of consumers through various enticements,
bewildering and advertisements
➢ Adulteration and spurious production
➢ Endangering the health and safety of the public at large
➢ Hoarding and over-charging etc.

4. Explain the ways to promote Professional Ethics.

Many agencies such as government bodies, professional societies, NGOs, media
and professional educators etc. are all trying to develop ways and means to control
the situation. However, most of the methods being adopted are either of
symptomatic nature or punitive measures or crisis management techniques rather
than real solutions to the whole problem. For example, the following methods are
being increasingly proposed and implemented:
Promoting awareness about professional ethics by introducing new courses,
refresher programs and case studies.
Administering oaths and prescribing codes of ethical conduct for specific
professional disciplines.
Setting up mechanisms for intensive audit inspection and monitoring of the
activities.
Framing more stringent laws and devising harder punishments for
offences.
Promoting transparency in working systems through mechanisms like RTI
(Right to Information Act), etc.
Carrying out ‘sting operations’ and widely publicizing serious lapses in the
ethical conduct of the profession through media.
Encouraging whistleblowing by individuals or groups.
 Setting up Lokpals, vigilance commissions, ethics committees, tribunals,
consumer protection forums, etc.
Filing public interest litigations, etc.
The focus of these methods is primarily towards reducing the ill effects rather
than rectifying the root cause, namely the faulty worldview which continues to
remain dominant. An effective way out is to work towards developing ethical
competence by transforming the consciousness of people through the right
understanding. Unless the inherent contradiction between the wrongly
perceived notion of happiness through wealth maximization and the
expectations of human welfare, the expectations of the common good is
resolved, no breakthrough is possible.

5. Explain the Visualization of Comprehensive Human Goals.

The implication of the right understanding is the visualization of a comprehensive
human goal which is conducive to human welfare. Presently, human welfare is
primarily perceived in economic terms only. A narrow objective lead to problems
in various areas of life and is not sustainable. Further, in the light of the right
understanding, it is possible to visualize the pattern of a holistic way of life to
provide the comprehensive human goal, a model of human living which is people-
friendly and eco-friendly and therefore sustainable. In this process, it will be
possible to visualize a way of life and a set of criteria to evaluate the education,
healthcare systems, technologies, production systems and models for commercial
activity and management etc. The comprehensive human goal, the systems for its
fulfillment and the scope of the universal human order are recalled from the figure.

Such a comprehensive objective will be conducive to the welfare of all, at all times.
This will apply to all human beings on Earth. Facilitating and empowering human
 beings towards the fulfillment of the above-mentioned comprehensive human goal
is real human welfare.
Now, on this basis, we can identify the goals of any organization or system, either
working for production, justice, exchange, etc. We can evaluate whether the goals
set by the system are humane or not, comprehensive or having a limited vision.
Once we can identify the comprehensive human goal, it becomes the guiding factor
for evaluating all our policies and activities. In terms of these goals, we can evaluate
the inadequacies in the prevalent education system, judiciary system, administration
and governance, market policies and other such systems.

6. Explain the ways towards Humanistic Tradition.

The primary step to moving towards the holistic way of life is to develop the right
understanding among human beings, commit to living accordingly and then develop
the requisite skills and knowledge systems to implement the right understanding in
real life. The right understanding provides us with the vision of such a humanistic
education.
The humanistic tradition can be visualised in terms of the following four aspects of
a humane society-

✓ Humanistic Education
✓ Human Conduct
✓ Human Constitution

✓ Human Order
 If we want a harmonious, peaceful civilisation, it must start with the individual.
This is possible and that is what we are trying to say: education will be the agent for
this transformation.

Humanistic education leads to human conduct, human constitution, and universal

human order and in turn, universal human order ensures humanistic education for
the next generation.
Evidently, humanistic education is the entry point. We, as educationists, as teachers,
as education administrators and as policymakers, are responsible for bringing about
this transformation. We must be the most active agents to start this transformation.

Once this wheel starts rolling, it would bring about a continuing humanistic
tradition, that would be able to ensure the fulfilment of human goals for every
human being, generation after generation. That is what human society aspires to.
So finally, it may be concluded that it is possible to move towards a universal human
order with the help of suitable systems and policies evolved in the light of the right
understanding. Such a development will be naturally acceptable to all human
beings. The whole existence except the human beings is already operating in
harmony. It is for us, human beings, to understand, to appreciate this harmony and
to play our role in this total order (harmony).

7. Explain the Criteria for Technologies, Production and Management models. Or

Explain the Vision for Holistic Technologies, Production Systems and
Management Models

Criteria for Technologies

• Providing real human needs
• Consistent with natural systems and cycles
• Facilitating effective utilization of the human body,
animals, plants, and other natural materials
• Safe, user-friendly, and conducive to health
• Can be produced with local resources and expertise as far as
possible.
• Promoting the use of renewable energy resources
• Low-cost and energy efficient
• Enhancing human interaction and cooperation
• Promoting decentralization
• Durability, life cycle and recyclability of products
Criteria for Production Systems
In determining the type of production systems, the key questions to
be answered are:
• What to produce?
• How to produce?
• For whom to produce?
• How much to produce?
All these will be decided in the context of the availability of local natural resources
and expertise to satisfy the needs of the people of any given community.
 The specific criteria to judge the appropriateness of the production systems may
include the following:
• Optimal and efficient utilization of local resources and
expertise, including human beings, animals, air, solar, land,
water, bio and mineral resources etc.
• Economic viability and sustainability
• Priority for local consumption
• Matching the pattern of production with the
availability/producibility in the local environment and the
pattern of consumption
• Decentralized systems capable of meaningful employment of
people in the community
• Facilitating production by masses and not mass production
in a centralized mode, to the extent possible
• Promoting individual creativity and sense of accomplishment
• Using people-friendly and eco-friendly technologies
• Ensuring requisite quality of production
• Safe and conducive to the health of persons
involved in production as well as others
• Utilizing recycling, conservation, and reuse
possibilities.
Criteria for Management Models
Primarily management models are to be relationship-based, and cooperative and
ensure justice in terms of mutual fulfillment and not forcible and unfair.
The management needs to focus on the fulfillment of the people involved in the
production system as well as the users of the product and not to profit-mania. The
following criteria can be chosen for a humanistic management model:
• The whole unit works as a well-knit family.
• Cooperative, motivational, and mutually fulfilling.
• Ensuring correct appraisal of human labour and skills
• Targeting employer-employee as well as consumer
satisfaction and not profit maximisation.
• Sharing of responsibility and participative mode of
management
• Continuous value addition of the persons involved.
• Effectively integrating individual competencies and
complementarity
•
8. Explain in detail about the Program of Action.
 Part C (Sample Questions)
Explain in detail how much time and effort are we investing:
(i) For physical facility (ii) For fulfillment in relationship.

First, we need to find the percentage of our total time and effort spent on physical facilities.
Eating, sleeping, working, studying and so on are all related to physical facilities. We can
find out how our time is spent.
Generally, most of the time and effort is being invested in physical facilities, assuming that
everything is going to be fine when there is enough physical facility; then there will be no
problem; there will be no unhappiness in the family.
In the meanwhile, if any issue of relationship has cropped up, we try to invest some time to
patch it up or somehow manage it.
Many times, we again invest in physical facilities to compensate for the dissatisfactions or
complaints in a relationship. If we are not able to give time to the family in day-to-day life,
 we then try to spend time with them on weekends, dining out, watching movies together or
giving some gift, and so on. All this is possible only by investing in physical facilities, so
we work even harder. But does it work?
The problems are more due to a lack of fulfillment in relationships, and we are investing a
major part of our time and effort in physical facilities. We are so careful about investing
money and other material resources. But when it comes to investing ourselves, our time
and effort in a relationship, we are not aware of it. This is certainly not the right kind of
investment.
The unhappiness in your family is more due to a lack of fulfillment in the relationship, but
a major part of the time, or most of the time and effort, is spent on physical facilities.
For human beings’ physical facility is necessary, but relationships are also necessary.

2. What is the proposal for the definition of trust? Illustrate the feeling of trust with
one example, preferably from your own experience. ‘If I trust the intention of
everyone, people will take undue advantage of me’. Is this statement true or false?
Explain.
3. Why is an understanding of the ‘Self’ important to ensure respect? Explain.
4. How does the feeling of respect help us in defining our complementariness with
other human beings? What is the expression of the feeling of respect?
5. If someone is helpful in fulfilling your needs, what feelings do you have for him?
Explain in terms of the needs of the Self as well as the needs of the Body.
6. Describe the human goal. Explain how this is conducive to sustainable happiness
and prosperity for all.
7. Critically examine the goals of present-day society with respect to human goals.
What is the outcome?
8. Explain, giving examples, how pollution and resource depletion are both the direct
outcomes of not understanding nature the way it is.
9. Indicate a few steps to promote harmony in society and co-existence with nature.
10. Is there a particular sequence in which these goals can be fulfilled? Explain.
11. There are three kinds of obsession. List them. Give any three examples of each from
your observation in the society.
12. How does one develop the right feeling – is it based on right understanding or based
on experience of events? Explain in detail.