Multimedia 1

Wolaita Sodo University
School of Informatics
Department of Computer Science
Multimedia Systems Course

Group Assignment
Name ID
Nebiyu Tekle 133
Tigist Abebe 170
1
Compression techniques are used to reduce the
size of digital data, making it faster and easier to
transmit and store. Lossless compression
preserves all the original data, while lossy
compression sacrifices some data to achieve
higher compression ratios. Here are examples of
lossy and lossless compression techniques:
Lossless Compression Techniques:
1. Run-Length Encoding (RLE):

Run-length encoding is a simple form of lossless
compression where sequences of the same data
value are stored as a single data value and count.
For example, rather than storing "AAAAABBBBB",
RLE would store "5A5B". Since this method is most
efficient for data with long runs of identical values,
RLE is often used in applications such as fax
machines, where images consist of large areas of
uniform color.
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2. Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) Compression:
LZW is a popular lossless compression technique

used in formats like GIF and TIFF. It builds a
dictionary of variable-length codes, which
represent sequences of data. The algorithm
replaces recurring sequences of data with the
corresponding code, thereby reducing the overall
file size. LZW works best with data that has
repeating patterns, making it effective for
compressing text and images with large areas of
uniform color or patterns.
Lossy Compression Techniques:

1. JPEG Compression:
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a
widely used lossy compression method for images.
It achieves compression by analyzing and
discarding data that the human eye is less likely to
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notice. The compression process includes sub-
sampling chroma information, quantization of
color values, and discrete cosine transformation
(DCT). These steps selectively reduce the data
without significantly compromising visual quality.
While it is best suited for photographs and natural
images, JPEG may result in visible artifacts when
used for line drawings or text.
2. MP3 Compression:
MP3 is a popular lossy compression format for
audio. The compression process in MP3 involves
discarding frequencies that are less audible to the
human ear. It achieves this by using a combination
of psychoacoustic models and transform coding
techniques. By removing redundant information
and sounds that are outside the human hearing
range, MP3 significantly reduces the file size while
maintaining relatively high audio quality.
However, excessive compression can lead to a loss
of fidelity and noticeable degradation in audio
quality.
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Comparison of the Techniques:
1. Lossless Compression:
Lossless compression techniques ensure that the
original data can be perfectly reconstructed from
the compressed data, which is essential for
applications where data integrity is critical, such
as text documents and program files. While
lossless compression preserves all the original
information, it generally achieves lower
compression ratios compared to lossy
compression. Therefore, it is ideal for scenarios
where data fidelity is paramount and where
storage space or transmission bandwidth is not
severely constrained.
2. Lossy Compression:
Lossy compression is effective for scenarios where
the priority is on reducing file size at the cost of
sacrificing some information. It is commonly used
for multimedia applications such as images, audio,
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and video, where a certain degree of data loss can
be tolerated without significant impact on
perceived quality. Lossy compression can achieve
higher compression ratios compared to lossless
compression, making it suitable for scenarios
where storage or bandwidth limitations are a
concern.
Ultimately, the choice between lossy and lossless

compression depends on the specific
requirements of the application, the nature of the
data being compressed, and the desired trade-offs
between file size, fidelity, and visual or audio
quality. Both types of compression techniques play
crucial roles in managing and transmitting digital
data efficiently across various domains.

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Wolaita Sodo University

Department of Computer Science

Multimedia Systems Course

Lossless Compression Techniques:

1. Run-Length Encoding (RLE):

LZW is a popular lossless compression technique

Lossy Compression Techniques:

Ultimately, the choice between lossy and lossless

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