Combined Civil Services Examination–II

(Interview Posts and Non-Interview Posts)

General Studies (Preliminary Examination)

(Degree Standard)

Topics for Objective Type

UNIT-I: GENERAL SCIENCE

(i) Scientific Knowledge and Scientific Temper - Power of Reasoning

- Rote Learning vs Conceptual Learning - Science as a tool to
understand the past, present and future.

(ii) Nature of Universe - General Scientific Laws – Mechanics -

Properties of Matter, Force, Motion and Energy - Everyday
application of the Basic Principles of Mechanics, Electricity and
Magnetism, Light, Sound, Heat, Nuclear Physics, Laser,
Electronics and Communications.

(iii) Elements and Compounds, Acids, Bases, Salts, Petroleum

Products, Fertilisers, Pesticides.

(iv) Main concepts of Life Science, Classification of Living Organisms,

Evolution, Genetics, Physiology, Nutrition, Health and Hygiene,
Human Diseases.

(v) Environment and Ecology.

UNIT-II: CURRENT EVENTS

(i) History - Latest diary of events - National symbols - Profile of

States - Eminent personalities and places in news – Sports -
Books and authors.

(ii) Polity - Political parties and political system in India - Public

awareness and General administration - Welfare oriented
Government schemes and their utility, Problems in Public
Delivery Systems.

(iii) Geography - Geographical landmarks.

(iv) Economics - Current socio - economic issues.

(v) Science - Latest inventions in Science and Technology.

(vi) Prominent Personalities in various spheres – Arts, Science,

Literature and Philosophy.

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UNIT-III: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

(i) Location – Physical features - Monsoon, Rainfall, Weather and

Climate - Water Resources - Rivers in India - Soil, Minerals and
Natural Resources - Forest and Wildlife - Agricultural pattern.

(ii) Transport - Communication.

(iii) Social Geography – Population density and distribution - Racial,

Linguistic Groups and Major Tribes.

(iv) Natural calamity – Disaster Management – Environmental

pollution: Reasons and preventive measures – Climate change
– Green energy.

UNIT–IV: HISTORY AND CULTURE OF INDIA

(i) Indus Valley Civilization - Guptas, Delhi Sultans, Mughals and

Marathas - Age of Vijayanagaram and Bahmani Kingdoms -
South Indian History.

(ii) Change and Continuity in the Socio-Cultural History of India.

(iii) Characteristics of Indian Culture, Unity in Diversity – Race,

Language, Custom.

(iv) India as a Secular State, Social Harmony.

UNIT-V: INDIAN POLITY

(i) Constitution of India - Preamble to the Constitution - Salient

features of the Constitution - Union, State and Union Territory.

(ii) Citizenship, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive

Principles of State Policy.

(iii) Union Executive, Union Legislature – State Executive,

State Legislature – Local Governments, Panchayat Raj.

(iv) Spirit of Federalism: Centre - State Relationships.

(v) Election - Judiciary in India – Rule of Law.

(vi) Corruption in Public Life – Anti-corruption measures – Lokpal and

Lok Ayukta - Right to Information - Empowerment of Women -
Consumer Protection Forums, Human Rights Charter.

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UNIT-VI: INDIAN ECONOMY

(i) Nature of Indian Economy – Five year plan models - an

assessment – Planning Commission and Niti Ayog.

(ii) Sources of revenue – Reserve Bank of India – Fiscal Policy and

Monetary Policy - Finance Commission – Resource sharing
between Union and State Governments - Goods and Services Tax.

(iii) Structure of Indian Economy and Employment Generation, Land

Reforms and Agriculture - Application of Science and Technology
in Agriculture - Industrial growth - Rural Welfare Oriented
Programmes – Social Problems – Population, Education, Health,
Employment, Poverty.

UNIT-VII: INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT

(i) National Renaissance – Early uprising against British rule - Indian

National Congress - Emergence of leaders – B.R.Ambedkar,
Bhagat Singh, Bharathiar, V.O.Chidambaranar Jawaharlal Nehru,
Kamarajar, Mahatma Gandhi, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Thanthai
Periyar, Rajaji, Subash Chandra Bose, Rabindranath Tagore and
others.

(ii) Different modes of Agitation: Growth of Satyagraha and Militant

Movements.

(iii) Communalism and Partition.

UNIT-VIII: History, Culture, Heritage and Socio - Political Movements

in Tamil Nadu

(i) History of Tamil Society, related Archaeological discoveries, Tamil

Literature from Sangam Age till contemporary times.

(ii) Thirukkural : (a) Significance as a Secular Literature

(b) Relevance to Everyday Life
(c) Impact of Thirukkural on Humanity
(d) Thirukkural and Universal Values - Equality,
Humanism, etc
(e) Relevance to Socio - Politico - Economic affairs
(f) Philosophical content in Thirukkural

(iii) Role of Tamil Nadu in freedom struggle - Early agitations against

British Rule - Role of women in freedom struggle.

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 (iv) Evolution of 19th and 20th Century Socio-Political Movements in
Tamil Nadu - Justice Party, Growth of Rationalism - Self Respect
Movement, Dravidian Movement and Principles underlying both
these Movements, Contributions of Thanthai Periyar and
Perarignar Anna.

UNIT–IX: Development Administration in Tamil Nadu

(i) Human Development Indicators in Tamil Nadu and a comparative

assessment across the Country – Impact of Social Reform
Movements in the Socio - Economic Development of Tamil Nadu.

(ii) Political parties and Welfare schemes for various sections of

people – Rationale behind Reservation Policy and access to Social
Resources - Economic trends in Tamil Nadu – Role and impact of
social welfare schemes in the Socio - Economic Development of
Tamil Nadu.

(iii) Social Justice and Social Harmony as the Cornerstones of Socio-

Economic Development.

(iv) Education and Health Systems in Tamil Nadu.

(v) Geography of Tamil Nadu and its impact on Economic growth.

(vi) Achievements of Tamil Nadu in various fields.

(vii) e-Governance in Tamil Nadu.

UNIT-X: APTITUDE AND MENTAL ABILITY

(i) Simplification – Percentage - Highest Common Factor (HCF) -

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM).

(ii) Ratio and Proportion.

(iii) Simple interest - Compound interest - Area - Volume - Time and

Work.

(iv) Logical Reasoning - Puzzles-Dice - Visual Reasoning - Alpha

numeric Reasoning – Number Series.

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 Combined Civil Services (Main) Examination – II (Group – IIA Services)
[Single Paper consisting of General Studies (50% of questions - Degree Standard), General Intelligence and
Reasoning (20% of questions – SSLC Standard) and Language (General Tamil or General English) (30% of
questions – SSLC Standard)] Code: 470

Part A - General Studies (Degree Standard - 100 Questions)

Unit I: Modern History of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Society – Culture and Heritage (20 Questions)
Advent of Europeans - the Portuguese, the Dutch, the English, the Danish and the French-Anglo French
Rivalry - Anglo-Mysore War – Anglo-Maratha War - The Polligar rebellion – Vellore Mutiny; Socio-
religious reforms in the 18th and 19th centuries: Christian Missionaries - Brahma Samaj - Arya Samaj -
Theosophical Society - Ramakrishna Mission; Reforms of British East India Company’s rule in Tamil
Nadu; Emergence of Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu - Madras Native Association - Madras Mahajana
Sabha - Indian National Movement – Swedeshi Movement - Moderates and Extremists in Tamil Nadu -
Home Rule Agitation - Non-Cooperation Movement - Civil Disobedient Movement - Quit India Movement;
Ancient Tamil Society – Archeological excavation evidence – Arikamedu, Adichanallur, Keezhadi –
Sangam Literature – advent of Sangam era; Thirukkural - Philosophical thoughts in Thirukkural for
humanity and way of life – concepts in Thirukkural for betterment of humanity – life principles, social
principles, management principles and other principles laid down in Thirukkural; Contribution of
Tamilians in Freedom movement: Literary personalities – Journalists – Women activists – Types of
struggles – revolutionary songs; Socio-political movements of 19th and 20th centuries: Justice Party,
Development of Rationalism – Self-Respect Movement – Dravidian Movement – Tani Tamil Iyakkam
(Pure Tamil Movement); Tamil Society Reforms personalities: Thanthai Periyar, Arignar Anna, and other
scholars.

Unit II: Administration of States with reference to Tamil Nadu (30 Questions)
Constitution of India: Preamble and Philosophical features – Salient features and Sources – Union,
States and Union Territories; Citizenship - Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles
of State Policy; Union Government: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
– Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha); State Government: Chief Minister and Council of Ministers
– Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly: Structure, Powers and Functions; Local Governments: Three-tier
system – 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments - Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act 1994 – Grama Sabha;
Tamil Nadu Administration: Nature, evolution and organisational structure and functions – Salient
features of Tamil Nadu administration – Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Additional Chief Secretary,
Principal Secretary to Government of Tamil Nadu; District Administration: Role and functions of District
Collector, District Revenue Officer, Revenue Divisional Officer, Tahsildar, Block Development Officer,
Revenue Inspector, and Village Administrative Officer; E-Governance Policy of Government of Tamil
Nadu – E-Governance and Mobile-Governance initiatives of Government of Tamil Nadu - Tamil Nadu
State’s Specialised Undertakings and Agencies; Tamil Nadu Government sponsored welfare schemes
and measures (Since 1990) – objectives, issues and challenges in the implementation – Impact of
welfare schemes and measures on the socio-economic development of the people; Current Affairs.
Unit III: Science and Technology in Development (15 Questions)
Atomic and Nuclear Physics – Applications of nuclear energy - Electronics and Communication -
Robotics and applications; Nanotechnology and its applications; Electrochemical cells – Batteries –
Gaseous fuels – LPG – Polymers – Carbohydrates – Vitamins – Antibiotics; Applications of Geographic
Information System (GIS); Biotechnology: Applications of biotechnology – concepts - tools used – plant
genetic engineering – concepts - transgenic plants, edible vaccines, BT cotton, Golden rice - social and
ecological impact of genetically modified crops - Biotechnological methods for crop improvement -
Application of plant tissue culture in forestry and horticulture - DNA fingerprinting – Applications of
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) in disease
diagnosis; Advanced reproductive techniques: In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) – Artificial insemination – test
tube baby; Vaccines: types – vaccination schedule in humans; Contribution of the scientists from Tamil
Nadu; Digital Computer Fundamentals: Hardware Components – Input / Output Devices; Memory types:
RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM; Secondary Storage Devices: HDD, SDD, CD Type – CPU:
Control Unit - Arithmetic Logic Unit - Software types: System Software: OS – System Commands of
Windows and Linux – Application Software: DBMS – Database Creation, Queries – Word Processor,
Spreadsheet, Presentation Software – Communication Software: Browser, Email: Sending and receiving
email, Document sharing and Folder Management – Computer Network: Classification of Networks -
Topology – Multimedia and Applications: Image, Audio, Video File types – Network Security: User
Authentication; Current Affairs.
Unit IV: Tamil Nadu Economy and Social Issues in Tamil Nadu (20 Questions)
Tamil Nadu Economy – Features – State Budget: Major revenue and expenditure – State Income types
– State’s Economic growth: Agriculture - Industry – Service Sector; Agriculture: Major crops – Food
grains – Cash crops – Types of farming – Organic farming – Inorganic farming – Contract farming –
Farmers Producers Organisation (FPO) – Agricultural Marketing – Issues of Marketing – Online
Marketing – Agriculture Budgeting in Tamil Nadu – Features; Education: Illiteracy - Gross Enrolment
Ratio (GER) in schools and colleges – Measure and recent data - Student welfare schemes – Recent
schemes for education - Linkage between education and social development; Poverty and
Unemployment: Unemployment issues in Tamil Nadu - State Government poverty alleviation schemes
and employment generation schemes; Labour migration; Population growth rate – Sex ratio – Density of
population – Causes for population growth - Population control programmes – Family planning and its
achievements; Child Labour issues; Health: Vital Statistics – Recent health schemes; Women
Empowerment: Domestic violence – Dowry problems – Sexual assault – Laws and awareness
programmes - Women welfare schemes - Self Help Groups; Marginalised Groups: Problems –
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - Elderly – People with disability – Transgender – Religious
minorities – State Government welfare programmes to marginalised groups; Current Affairs.
Unit V: Geography of Tamil Nadu, Environment, Biodiversity and Disaster Management in Tamil
Nadu (15 Questions)
Geography: Location – Administrative units – Relief features – Major Rivers; Climate: temperature,
rainfall and monsoon; Soil: classification and distribution; Forests: classification, distribution, wildlife and
birds sanctuaries, forest products; Livestock: cattle and dairying; Fishing: freshwater and saline water
fishing; Irrigation: types and distribution of canal, tank and well irrigation, watershed and minor irrigation
projects; Minerals: distribution and production of iron ore and bauxite; Power Resources: coal and
petroleum; Industries: iron and steel, textiles, cement, automobile, sugarcane and cotton industries;
Transport: road, railway, air and sea transport; Environment: Environmental issues in Tamil Nadu –
pollution - air, water, soil, thermal, radioactive, noise; Natural resource types – renewable and non-
renewable energy resources; Biodiversity and Conservation: Definition, types - genetic, species and
ecosystem diversity – values - threats to biodiversity - habitat destruction, invasive species and
anthropogenic activities - climatic change and forest fire. Causes and consequences of species
extinction; Biodiversity conservation: in-situ and ex-situ - Biodiversity conservation strategies - State
Biodiversity action plan - Biodiversity hotspots in Tamil Nadu; Sustainable development - Sustainable
development goals and targets; Green energy - Paris Agreement and COP28; Disaster Management:
Overview of disasters - definitions and types. Natural calamities in Tamil Nadu; Anthropogenic disaster
- global warming and climate change issues in Tamil Nadu - Climate change governance - mitigations
and adaptations - State action plan for climate change; Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority
– Tamil Nadu Disaster Management Plan – Role of NGO and Civil society organisation in disaster
management and mitigation in Tamil Nadu; Current Affairs.
 Combined Civil Services (Main) Examination – II (Group – II Services)
General Studies (Degree Standard) [300 marks] Code: 469
Unit I: Modern History of India with specific reference to Tamil Nadu (40 marks)
Advent of Europeans: The Portuguese, the Dutch, the English, the Danish and the French; Expansion
of British rule: Carnatic Wars; Early uprisings against British Rule: Revolt of Poligars, South Indian
Rebellion, Vellore Mutiny, Indian National Movements - Moderates, Extremists and Terrorist
Movements – Gandhian Era; Early stage of Freedom movement in Tamil Nadu – First voice for freedom
struggle from Tamil Nadu – Protests by Pulithevar, Veerapandya Kattabomman, Dheeran Chinnamalai,
Velunachiar, Kuyili and others; Role of Tamil Nadu in freedom struggle – V.O.Chidambaram,
Bharathiyar, V.V. Subramanian, Vanchinathan, Subramania Siva, T.S.S Rajan, Rajaji, Sathyamoorthy,
Kamaraj, Rukmani Lakshmi Pathi, Ambujammal and others; Types of freedom struggle – Sacrifices –
Magazines – Literature – Plays/Drama – Songs – Films etc.; Contribution of women in the freedom
struggle and social work: Dr Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar, Muvalur Ramamirtham, Cuddalore Anjalai
Ammal, Thillaiyadi Valliammai, and others; Impact of British Rule: Christian Missionaries, Development
of Education, Judiciary, Local Self Governance System, Police, Transport and Communication -
Disappearance of Indigenous Industries - Spread of Western Culture; Origin and Growth of “Social –
Justice” ideology, Socio- Religious Movements, Political Parties and Achievements.

Unit II: Tamil Society – Culture and Heritage (30 marks)

Ancient Tamil Society – Archeological excavation evidence – Arikamedu, Adichanallur, Keezhadi –
Sangam Literature – Classical Tamil; Thirukkural - Guidance for way of life to human elevation -
Guidelines given by Thirukkural in the field of administration, judiciary and day to day life - Philosophical
thoughts laid down by Thirukkural for betterment and integration of the whole of humanity; Socio-
political movements of 19th and 20th centuries, Vallalar’s Samarasa Sutha Sanmarga Satya Sangam –
Origin and development of Justice Party – Impact of Rationalism Movement, Self-Respect Movement,
History and Development of Dravidian Movement, Tani Tamil Iyakkam (Pure Tamil Movement) - Tamil
Society Reforms personalities – Thanthai Periyar, Arignar Anna, and other scholars; Arts – Cultural
conventions of Tamilians – Ancient cultural knowledge of Tamilians – Conventional thoughts of
Tamilians; Cultural Elements: Tamil Nadu State Government Symbols - Experts in Cultural Fields - Folk
Dances, Folk Music, Folk Drama, and World Tamil Conferences.
Unit III: Social Issues in India with specific reference to Tamil Nadu (50 marks)

Population Explosion: Fertility – Mortality – Migration – Morbidity – Census 2011 - Population control
programmes – National Population Policy 2000 – Family planning and its achievements; Health Care:
Poor sanitation – Rural and Urban disparities – Poor infrastructure – Insufficient health care delivery –
Role of Panchayat Raj and Urban Development Agencies – Health policy in India – Health care
programmes in India; Child Labour and Child Abuse: Child Education – School Dropouts – Gender
disparities – Initiatives to eliminate Child Labour in India – Media and enhanced vulnerability – Laws to
protect child abuse and welfare schemes; Women Empowerment: Domestic violence – Dowry
problems – Sexual assault – Eve teasing – Kidnapping – Laws and awareness programmes – Role of
Government and NGOs in women empowerment – Welfare schemes; Marginalised Groups: Problems
– Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes – Elderly – People with disability – Transgender - Religious
minorities – Central and State Government welfare programmes to marginalised groups. Social
Changes: Urbanization - Modernization – Globalization – Policy, Planning and Programmes in India –
Impact of Violence on Society – Religious Violence – Terrorism and Communal Violence – Causes and
Remedies; Current Affairs.
Unit IV: Science and Technology in Development (40 marks)

Robotics and Applications; Atomic and Nuclear Physics – Applications of nuclear energy; Diodes and
Transistors and their Applications; Broadcasting Technology; Electrochemical cells - Types of
electrodes – Batteries - Lithium-ion Battery; Fuels: Gaseous fuels – LPG, Natural gas and water gas;
Polymers: Thermoplastics and Thermosetting plastics, PVC, PET, Nylon 66, Teflon; Medicinal
Chemistry: Analgesics - Paracetamol and Aspirin, Antibiotics - Penicillin and Chloromycetin;
Biotechnology: Applications of Biotechnology – Plant Genetic Engineering – concepts - transgenic
plants, edible vaccines, Terminator Gene technology, BT Cotton, Golden rice, Flavr Savr tomato, Social
and ecological impact of genetically modified crops - Biotechnological methods for crop improvement -
Application of plant tissue culture in Forestry, Horticulture - Recombinant DNA Technology – DNA
cloning - DNA fingerprinting – applications of PCR and ELISA in disease diagnosis – hybridoma
techniques in the production of Mono Clonal Antibodies (MCA) – Animal cell culture techniques – stem
cells and its applications; Applications of GIS; Nanotechnology – Fundamentals – Applications - Nano
Fertilizer, Nano Pesticides, Green Nanotechnology and Nano-farming; Advanced reproductive
techniques: In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) – Intra–Uterine Insemination (IUI) – Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm
Injection (ICSI) – Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) – cryopreservation of sperm; Components of
Computer – Computer Organization and Architecture – System Software and Application Software –
Data Communication Networks – Cryptography – Computer Graphics and Multimedia – Mobile
Computing and Communication – Web Technology and applications – E-Commerce – Cloud
Computing Architecture – IOT – Artificial Intelligence Applications – Machine learning - Cyber Security
– Biometrics – Blockchain Technology; Current Affairs.
Unit V: Constitution, Polity and Governance in India with specific reference to Tamil Nadu (60
marks)
Constitution of India: Preamble and Philosophical features – Salient features and Sources – Union,
States and Union Territories - Citizenship - Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive
Principles of State Policy; Union Executive: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Council of
Ministers – Cabinet – Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) – Parliament Committees – Major
Constitutional Amendments; State Government: Chief Minister and Council of Ministers – Tamil Nadu
Legislative Assembly: Structure, Powers and Functions; Local Governments: Three-tier system - 73 rd
and 74th Constitutional Amendments - Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act 1994 – Grama Sabha – Working of
PRIs in Tamil Nadu – District Collector’s role in Development Administration; Dynamics of Indian
Federalism: Centre-State relations: Administrative, Legislative, Financial – Issues and Challenges;
Judiciary in India: Supreme Court, High Courts, District Courts – Subordinate Courts (Structure and
Functions) – Judicial Review - Judicial Activism – Public Interest Litigation; Electoral System in India –
Election Commission (Constitutional Provisions, Composition, powers and functions); Party system in
India: Regional and National political parties in India and Tamil Nadu; Integrity in Indian Polity:
Corruption in Politics – Anti-Corruption measures: Lokpal and Lok Ayukta – Central Vigilance
Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General of India - Central Bureau of Investigation - Enforcement
Directorate - Right to Information – Right to Services – Consumers’ Rights – Consumer Protection Act
2019 – Human Rights Act 1993 – National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights
Commission - Social Audit – Citizen’s Charter; Political parties in Tamil Nadu: Regional and National
Parties – Welfare schemes and measures of successive Governments in Tamil Nadu after 1947 –
Reservation and Language policy in Tamil Nadu – Impact of welfare schemes and measures in the
socio-economic development of Tamil Nadu; Education and Health Administrative Structure in Tamil
Nadu: Evolution – Achievements of Tamil Nadu in various fields: Education, Health, Industrial,
Information Technology, Agriculture, Women and Marginalised Groups; E-governance and Mobile–
governance initiatives in Tamil Nadu – Public Service Delivery through e-governance. TNeGA – e-
Service Centres; Problems in Public Service delivery in Tamil Nadu; Current Affairs.
Unit VI: Geography of India, Environment, Biodiversity and Disaster Management in India with
specific reference to Tamil Nadu (40 marks)
Geographical Location – Physical units – River system – Climate – Soil – Natural vegetation –
Agriculture crops – Livestock – Fisheries; Irrigation – Multipurpose Projects; Minerals: iron ore,
manganese, copper, bauxite, gold, silver, mica, coal, petroleum and natural Gas; Energy Resources:
hydel, thermal, nuclear, wind, tidal and solar; Industries: textile, jute, sugar, cement, iron and steel,
automobile and shipbuilding; Transport: road, railway, water and air; Environment - Global and national
environmental issues – pollution - air, water, soil, thermal, radioactive, noise, electronic and solid
wastes - Management of municipal solid wastes and bio-medical wastes; Biodiversity and
Conservation: Definition, types - genetic, species and ecosystem diversity - values - threats to
biodiversity - habitat destruction, invasive species and anthropogenic activities - climatic change and
wildfire; Causes and consequences of species extinction; Biodiversity conservation: in-situ and ex-situ;
Biodiversity conservation strategies: international environmental governance - Biodiversity Act (BDA),
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES), and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF); Biodiversity hotspots of India;
Sustainable development – Sustainable development goals and targets - Clean and Green energy -
Paris Agreement and COP28; Disaster Management: Overview of disasters - definitions and types;
Introduction to disaster risk management framework; Natural calamities - Anthropogenic disasters -
global warming and climate change, industrial accidents; Climate change governance - mitigations and
adaptations; Role of space technology in disaster management, National action plan for climate change
- Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority – Tamil Nadu Disaster Management Plan – Role
of NGO and Civil society organisation in disaster management and mitigation in Tamil Nadu; Current
Affairs.
Unit VII: Indian Economy with specific reference to Tamil Nadu (40 marks)

Nature of Indian Economy: An assessment – Structure of Indian Economy - New Economic Policy:
Rationale – Components – Privatisation, Deregulation, Trade Liberalisation. Indian Economy since
1991 Reforms (Overview only) - Sources of Revenue: Revenue Receipts – Capital Receipts – Revenue
Expenditure – Capital Expenditure; Reserve Bank of India: Functions, Monetary Policy – Components
- Fiscal Policy: Fiscal reforms – Fiscal Responsibility and Budgetary Management (FRBM) Act -
Finance Commission: Revenue sharing between Union and State Governments – Recommendations
of recent Finance Commission; Agricultural and Rural Development: Land Reforms – Rural Credit,
Modern Farming Technics and Marketing - e-NAM (electronic – National Agricultural Marketing) – Price
Policy – M.S. Swaminathan Commission’s Recommendations - Subsidies – Commercialisation and
Diversification of Agriculture – Rural Development Programmes – Poverty Alleviation Programmes –
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS); Labour: Employment – Types – Sectoral
Distribution – Labour Welfare Measures – Recent Indian Employment Report of International Labour
Organisation (ILO) (Overview only); Poverty and Human Development: Estimates of Inequality and
Poverty alleviation measures – Human Development Index (HDI), Gender Development Index (GDI),
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) and Happiness Index (HI); Foreign trade: Composition,
Direction and Organisation of Trade – Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - Balance of Trade – Balance of
Payment – External Debt; Current Affairs.