Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2022

Pearson Edexcel GCSE In

Computer Science (1CP2/01)
Paper 1: Principles of Computer Science
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June 2022
Publications Code 1CP2_01_rms_20220825
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(a)(i) Any two from:
• Can share files/data
• Can share applications/software
• Can collaborate
• Can share peripherals (printers, speakers)
• Can share connectivity (Internet connection, hotspot)
• Can access files from any computer / hot desk
• Central control/management (security, software updates,
backup, remote support, users, remote monitoring)
• Allows communication (email, social media, video
conferencing, online meeting, collaborative games) 2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
1(a)(ii) A description such as: Do not accept
‘smaller/larger’ in
• A LAN covers a small (geographic) area / a WAN covers a large reference to the physical
(geographic) area (2) size of the network.

• A LAN uses infrastructure owned by one company / a WAN

uses third-party infrastructure (2)

• A LAN connects individual devices / uses switches (1), whereas

a WAN connects LANs / uses gateways (1)
2

4
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(a)(iii) B 17 080 000 17 080 000 is 17.08
multiplied by 10002
A 17 080 is not correct because it is 17.08 multiplied by 1000
C 17 080 000 000 is not correct because it is 17.08 multiplied by
10003
D 17 080 000 000 000 is not correct because it is 17.08 multiplied by
10004
1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
1(a)(iv) The delay/amount of time between data/signal being sent and it Do not accept reference
being received to delay/lag on its own.
1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
1(b)i Any one from:
• IP (address)
Clerical • MAC (address) 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
1(b)ii A Data being sent

B is not correct because it is located in the header

C is not correct because it is located in the header
D is not correct because it is not located in a packet 1

5
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(c) A description to include two from:

• Monitors/checks traffic (1) using a set of rules / list of

authorised/unauthorised computers/addresses/protocols (1) to
decide if data is allowed into or out of the network (1)
2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
1(d) Any one from: Accept POP
• POP3
Clerical • IMAP
• SMTP 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
1(e) A linked explanation such as: For ‘central device’:
• All communication could fail (1) because/if the central device • Accept ‘router’ or
fails (1) ‘hub’ (as a term to
• It can be difficult/expensive to set up (1) because each device refer to a device
needs a cable to connect to the central device (1) that contains a
• The number of devices that can be connected is limited (1) switch).
because the central device supports a fixed number of • Accept ‘switch’ (as
connections (1) this is the correct
term to refer to the
central device)
• Do not accept
‘server’ 2

6
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(a)i Any one from: Accept generic definitions
• To represent an instruction/command of mnemonic such as:
• To make an instruction/command easy to ‘To shorten a piece of
read/write/learn/remember/understand information so it is easy
• An instruction in a set of instructions to remember.’ 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
2(a)ii Assembly language

Clerical 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
2(a)iii A linked description such as: Accept:
• They are microprocessor/CPU/machine specific (1) so they can (Assembly language)
manipulate the hardware directly (1) instructions are
• They can be highly optimised (1) to make efficient use of the assembled (1) to
hardware/execute more quickly/use minimal memory (1) machine code (1)
• Each line of code (1) is one instruction only (1)

Award responses that refer to machine code as a low level language, such
as:
• Machine code is written in binary (1) so instructions can be
processed directly by the CPU / do not need to be translated (1)

Award one mark for:

• Machine code does not need to be translated (1)
2

7
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(a)iv Interpreter

Clerical 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
2(b) • Data
• Instructions
2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
2(c)i A description to include two from:
A laser heats/burns (areas of a disk) (1), which creates lands/pits (1)
representing binary / 1s and 0s (1) 2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
2(c)ii Solid state / flash
Accept ‘SSD’ for solid state
Clerical 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
2(d) Any two from: Do not accept:
• Limited processing resources ‘Carries out a specific
• Low power consumption task’: This is the opposite
• Simple/robust operating system of ‘general purpose’,
• Low cost per unit which is given in the
• Smaller in size question.
• Less storage
• Limited user interface 2
8
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(e) A Reduces data transfer times
C Reduces required storage space
Clerical
B is not correct because parts of a compressed file can still be
written to several different places on a disk
D is not correct as compression does not make data more secure like
encryption does
E is not correct because error detection/correction mechanism are
still needed in network packets
2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
2(f) Any two from:
• Programming language specific vulnerabilities (directly
manipulating memory)
• Security (vulnerability)
• Weak design
• Insufficient testing
• Bad programming practices (not following standards, using
unvalidated 3rd party libraries)
• Inadequate validation (that fails to prevent
incorrect/inappropriate data input)
• Inadequate authentication (that enables hackers to gain
unauthorised access)
• Sensitive data not encrypted 2

9
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(g) A linked explanation such as:
• Users can be added/deleted (1) so multiple people can use the
same computer (1)
• Edit user permissions (1) so only specific users can securely
access their storage space (1)
• Control the amount of resources/storage each user can access
(1) so the limited storage on the machine can be shared (1)
• Enforce user permissions (1) so only certain users are allowed
to install programs / access certain files (1) 2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
3(a)(i) 1 mark for each nibble:
0011(1)
Clerical 1001(1) 2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
3(a)(ii) 1 mark for each digit in the correct location:
2D
Clerical 2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
3(a)(iii) A linked description such as:
• Flip all the bits (1) and add one (1)
• Copy/keep all the 0s from the right/LSB, up to and including
the first 1 (1), then flip the remaining bits (1)
• Flip all the bits from the left/MSB (1) up to, but not including,
the 1 nearest the right/LSB (1) 2

10
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(a)(iv) A linked explanation such as:
• There are not enough bits (1) to store the result (1)
• An overflow occurs (1) because 1 + 1 = 0 with a 1 carry /
because the result is more than 255 (1) 2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
3(b) Lossy

Clerical 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
3(c) A description to include two from: Award a mark for an
• A standard example of an ASCII
• For representing text/characters character equivalence
• Allows data to be interchangeable between computers (from e.g. A = 65 as this can be
different manufacturers) awarded from mark point
• Each character is mapped to a unique number/binary 4.
equivalent (A = 01000001 could
• ASCII (encoding) uses 7/8 bits similarly be awarded.)
• There are 128 unique characters
(allow 256 for 128) 2

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
3(d)(i) Any one from:
• The number of pixels per (square) inch is higher
• The density of pixels is higher 1

11
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(d)(ii) Award one mark for each number in the correct location for a
maximum of 4: Award equivalent
representations of 1024
• 15 in numerator (1) (210)
• 1028 x 640 in numerator (1)
• 1024×1024 in denominator (1)
• 8 in denominator (1)

Example of expression that gains full marks:

1028 × 640 × 15
1024 × 1024 × 8
4

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
4(a) A linked explanation such as:

• It helps prevent loss of data (1) because malware could

deliberately delete data / because data can be
deleted/corrupted accidentally (1)
• It helps minimise disruption following a system failure (1)
because data can be restored (1)
• Data can be restored (1) because physical hazards (fire/flood)
(can damage storage devices) (1)
2

12
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(b) Any two from:
• That they are giving consent
• That they can say no / refuse
• That they are not denied service, if they say no
• What the data is being collected for
• What processing will be done on their data/purpose of the
processing/how data will be processed
• That they can withdraw consent at any time
• That the data will be shared (with third parties)
• How long it will be stored
• That the data will be stored securely
2

13
1CP2-01
Question Indicative content Additional Mark
Number Guidance
4(c) Discuss how algorithmic bias can affect the decisions police forces make. 6

Causes of algorithmic bias

• Machine learning having been trained using insufficient/inappropriate data
• Human bias leading to discrimination and a lack of fairness
• Poor design of the algorithm

Impacts on individuals and communities of algorithmic bias

• Deploying officers to the wrong areas
• Individuals may feel as though they are being monitored/targeted/subjected
to unfair treatment as a result of the output of a biased algorithm deploying
too many officers / too few officers
• Discrimination/equality (e.g. resourcing police more heavily in particular
communities)
• Feedback loops (if a model predicting crime rates based on historical arrest
data is used to prioritise police resources, then arrests in high risk areas
could increase further, reinforcing the imbalance) source

Methods available to reduce the risk of algorithmic bias

• Human oversight and ‘sense checking’ and confidence/error ratings of
predictions
• Governance (anticipating and managing risks and make sure legal
requirements are adhered to)
• Auditing to enable identification and mitigation of systematic bias
• Open to scrutiny / transparent
• Involvement of communities during development
• Improve the training data

14
1CP2-01
Level Mark Descriptor

0 No rewardable content.
Level 1 1–2 Basic, independent points are made, showing elements of understanding of key concepts/principles of computer
science. (AO1)

The discussion will contain basic information with little linkage between points made or application to the context.
(AO2)
Level 2 3–4 Demonstrates adequate understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science. (AO1)

The discussion shows some linkages and lines of reasoning with some structure and application to the context.
(AO2)
Level 3 5–6 Demonstrates comprehensive understanding of key concepts/principles of computer science to support the
discussion being presented. (AO1)

The discussion is well developed, with sustained lines of reasoning that are coherent and logically structured, and
which clearly apply to the context. (AO2)

15
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(a)(i) Any one from:
• Array
Clerical • List 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
5(a)(ii) Yellow

Clerical 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
5(a)(iii) Abstraction

Clerical 1

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
5(a)(iv) Decomposition

Clerical 1

16
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(b) A linked description such as: Do not accept ‘index’ in
place of 'the value at the
• If the value of the item at the current index position in the array index'.
is more than the value of the target (1), no more passes of the
loop are required / the loop will exit (1)

• If the pass through the loop goes past the expected location of
the target value (1), the third condition for the loop to execute
will not be met (1)

• If the value (of ‘theTarget’) is exceeded without reaching the

end of the array (1) the algorithm will end (1) 2

17
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(c) One mark for each correct row showing relationship of variable Different versions of trace
changes. tables are acceptable.

Blanks can be replaced

count accept reject weight Display
with contents of previous
0 0 0 0 row.

1 1 404 Final ‘3 1’ can be included

2 1 393 on row above.

3 2 395 Ignore formatting of 3 1

in Display column (e.g.
4 3 405
accept ‘3,1’)
31
Allow ‘Enter weight of
box:’ in Display column
until 3 1 should be
displayed. 6

18
1CP2-01
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(d) • Both start and stop terminators present and algorithm terminates correctly at • Award ‘End’, ‘Stop’, ‘Start’
the stop terminator (1) and ‘Begin’ as text for
• Two separate inputs for two integers (1) [can be in the same input symbol] terminator symbols.
• Test for equivalence, greater than or less than in one decision box (1) • Award ‘==’ and ‘=’ used for
• Different test (for equivalence, greater than, or less than) in separate decision equivalence inside decision
box (1) symbol.
• Two outputs, labelled Yes and No, for each decision box (1) • Accept ‘Print’ or ‘Output’ as
• Logic of flowchart links to three logically valid outputs (1) an alternative to ‘Display’ in
the output symbols. No
quotes required around
output string.
• Accept True/False for
Yes/No labels

19
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