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Contents

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8 Infinite Sequences and Series 556


8.1 Sequences 557
Laboratory Project ■ Logistic Sequences 567
8.2 Series 567
8.3 The Integral and Comparison Tests; Estimating Sums 577
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8.4 Other Convergence Tests 586
8.5 Power Series 594
8.6 Representations of Functions as Power Series 599
8.7 Taylor and Maclaurin Series 605
Laboratory Project ■ An Elusive Limit 617
8.8 The Binomial Series 617
Writing Project ■ How Newton Discovered the Binomial Series 621
8.9 Applications of Taylor Polynomials 621
Applied Project ■ Radiation from the Stars 630
Review 631
Focus on Problem Solving 634

9 Vectors and the Geometry of Space 636

Image not available due to copyright restrictions 9.1 Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems 637
9.2 Vectors 642
9.3 The Dot Product 651
9.4 The Cross Product 657
Discovery Project ■ The Geometry of a Tetrahedron 665
9.5 Equations of Lines and Planes 666
Laboratory Project ■ Putting 3D in Perspective 675

vii
viii ■ CONTENTS

9.6 Functions and Surfaces 676


9.7 Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates 685
Laboratory Project ■ Families of Surfaces 690
Review 690
Focus on Problem Solving 693

10 Vector Functions 694


10.1 Vector Functions and Space Curves 695
10.2 Derivatives and Integrals of Vector Functions 702
10.3 Arc Length and Curvature 708
Image not available due to copyright restrictions 10.4 Motion in Space: Velocity and Acceleration 716
Applied Project ■ Kepler’s Laws 727
10.5 Parametric Surfaces 728
Review 734
Focus on Problem Solving 736

11 Partial Derivatives 738


11.1 Functions of Several Variables 739
11.2 Limits and Continuity 750
11.3 Partial Derivatives 756
11.4 Tangent Planes and Linear Approximations 769
11.5 The Chain Rule 780
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11.6 Directional Derivatives and the Gradient Vector 788
11.7 Maximum and Minimum Values 801
Applied Project ■ Designing a Dumpster 811
Discovery Project ■ Quadratic Approximations and Critical Points 812
11.8 Lagrange Multipliers 813
Applied Project ■ Rocket Science 820
Applied Project ■ Hydro-Turbine Optimization 821
Review 822
Focus on Problem Solving 826

12 Multiple Integrals 828


12.1 Double Integrals over Rectangles 829
12.2 Iterated Integrals 837
CONTENTS ■ ix

12.3 Double Integrals over General Regions 843


12.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates 851
12.5 Applications of Double Integrals 857
12.6 Surface Area 867
12.7 Triple Integrals 872
Discovery Project ■ Volumes of Hyperspheres 881
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12.8 Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates 882
Applied Project ■ Roller Derby 888
Discovery Project ■ The Intersection of Three Cylinders 889
12.9 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals 889
Review 898
Focus on Problem Solving 902

13 Vector Calculus 904


13.1 Vector Fields 905
13.2 Line Integrals 912
13.3 The Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals 924
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13.4 Green’s Theorem 933
13.5 Curl and Divergence 940
13.6 Surface Integrals 948
13.7 Stokes’ Theorem 959
Writing Project ■ Three Men and Two Theorems 965
13.8 The Divergence Theorem 966
13.9 Summary 973
Review 974
Focus on Problem Solving 977

Appendixes A1
D Precise Definitions of Limits A2
E A Few Proofs A3
H Polar Coordinates A6
I Complex Numbers A22
J Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises A31

Index A53

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