Fokker 50/60

60 29. Hydraulic Power

TECHNICAL TRAINING

Hydraulic Power
Description and Operation

Table of Contents
1. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................
................................ ................................................. 2
1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................
................................ ................................... 2
1.2. System Set-up ................................................................................................
................................ .............................................................. 2
1.3. HYDRAULIC Panel ................................................................................................
................................ ....................................................... 5
1.4. Components ................................................................................................................................
................................ .................................. 6
• Engine Pumps ................................................................................................
................................ .......................................................... 6
• Pump Failure Indication ................................................................................................
.......................................... 8
• Pressure Transducer ................................................................................................
................................ ............................................... 9
• Fire Shut-off Valves ................................................................................................
................................ ............................................... 10
• Manifolds ..............................................................................................................................
................................ .............................. 11
• System Reservoir................................................................................................
................................ ................................................... 12
• Bleed-air Pressure
essure Regulating and Relief Valve ................................................................
.................................... 13
• Hydraulic Fluid Quantity and Overheat Indication ...............................................................
............................... 14
1.5. Hydraulic System Failure ................................................................................................
................................ ............................................ 15
1.6. Hydraulic System with System Accumulator ................................................................
.............................................. 16
1.7. Symbols ................................................................................................................................
................................ ...................................... 17
1.8. Location of Components ................................................................................................
................................ ............................................. 18

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TECHNICAL TRAINING
1. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
1.1. Introduction
Hydraulic power comes from a hydraulic system, which has two engine pumps for normal
operation and an electric pump for maintenance. The hydraulic system supplies pressure at
3000 psi to operate:
- the flaps
- the landing gear operation
- the nose wheel steering
- the normal brakes
- the alternate brakes.

1.2. System Set-up

The hydraulic fluid is kept in the system reservoir, which is pressurized through air. The fluid
flows from this reservoir through left and right fire shut-off
off valves to the inlet ports of the engine
pumps. These pumps supply pressure at 3000 psi through pressure filter manifolds to the
consumers.
Each pressure filter manifold has:
- a pressure switch, which controls the ENG PUMP FAULT light on the control panel; this light
is on when the pressure is below 2500 psi
- check valves, which prevent reverse flows
flow
- a pressure relief valve, which opens and connects the pressure system to the return system
when the pressure is above 3500 psi
- a pressure filter
- a differential pressure indicator with switch.
The pressure filter manifold in the left accessory bay has one more check valve to let the
electric pump or a hydraulic rig pressurize the system.
Separate accumulators for the normal and alternate
alternate brakes make sure that a limited number of
brake applications is available when the hydraulic system fails.

The return fluid from the consumers flows back to the system reservoir through a return filter
manifold, which has:
- a filter
ssure indicator with a switch
- a differential pressure
- a through-pass
pass valve, which is used in case of a clogged return filter
- a check valve
- an anti-cavitation valve. The volume
v lume of the fluid drawn from the system reservoir differs from
the volume that goes back
ba when a piston with different surface areas is operated. The anti-
anti
cavitation valve is to compensate for the difference in fluid volumes.

The fluid, used for lubrication and cooling of the engine pumps, flows to the return system
through case drain lines. Check valves in these lines prevent the fluid from the system reservoir
to drain overboard when a case drain line is damaged.

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Engine-driven Pumps (EDP)

Reduction Gearbox

Engine Driven Pump

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Hydraulic System

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1.3. HYDRAULIC Panel
The controls of the system are on the HYDRAULIC control panel. There are the following
controls:
- the L and R ENG PUMP pushswitches to switch the related engine pump off or on and to
show if the pump is in operation (no lights), defective (amber FAULT light on) or switched off
(white OFF light on)
- ELEC PUMP pushswitch switch to switch the electric pump on or off and to show when the switch
is in ON (white
white ON light on)
- the amber LO QTY (low quantity) light, which is on when the hydraulic fluid quantity in the
system reservoir is less than 38%
- the amber OVHT (overheat) light,light, which is on when the temperature of the hydraulic fluid in
the system reservoir is more than 90°C (194°F)
- the amber TANK PR (pressure) light, which is on when the air pressure in the system
reservoir is less than 15 psi
- the display, which shows the hydraulic
hydraulic fluid quantity (%) or the system pressure (PSI). The
display can also show the decay time (in seconds and tenth of seconds) during leak rate
tests.

The display on the control panel shows the system pressure when the rotary selector is in the
PRESS (PSI) position.

HYDRAULIC Panel

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1.4. Components
• Engine Pumps
A pump is connected to each propeller gearbox. The pump is of the variable displacement type
and supplies a flow on demand at 3000 psi. The pump capacity is 34 liters/minute
lit (9 US
gallons/minute) at 4200 rpm.
The heart of the pump is a revolving cylinder barrel with nine pistons. A camplate moves these
pistons in and out when the cylinder barrel turns.

Normal operation
When the cylinder barrel starts to turn, the hydraulic fluid is
i moved from the inlet to the outlet
port and the outlet pressure increases quickly. The outlet pressure moves a pressure
compensator spool against the force of a spring (3000 psi) and pushes a stroking piston
against the force of a springloaded rate piston
piston through the open pressure compensator spool
and off-loader spool.
As a result, the camplate moves to a smaller angle and less fluid moves now to the outlet port.
When the outlet pressure is 3000 psi, the camplate is in the no-flow-position.
position.
When a consumer er is operated, the outlet pressure decreases lightly and the pressure
compensator spool moves to a more closed position. As a result the pressure on the stroking
piston decreases and the rate piston moves the camplate to a larger angle such that fluid
moves from the inlet to the outlet port; the pressure increases.
When the flow demand increases further, the stroking piston becomes connected to the return
system. The pump operates now at its maximum capacity (full flow).
When the flow demand decreases,
decrease the pressure increases. This causes the spring of the
pressure compensator spool to get compressed and the outlet pressure move the stroking
piston and therefore the camplate to a smaller angle. This goes on until the outlet pressure is
3000 psi.

Pump Operation #1

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Pump off-loading
When the L or R ENG PUMP pushswitch on the control panel is pushed to OFF, the related off-
loader solenoid energizes. The pump outlet pressure now controls the stroking piston through
the open off-loader
loader valve and off-loader
oader spool, while the pressure compensator spool is
isolated. This configuration makes sure that the pump outlet pressure becomes 500 psi, which
is necessary for pump cooling and lubrication.
If the pressure decreases below 500 psi, the off-loader spool moves to a more closed position
and the pressure for the stroking piston decreases. The rate piston now moves the camplate to
a larger angle to increase the pump outlet pressure to 500 psi.
Through the open off-loader
loader valve, the 500-psi pressure controls the outlet blocking valve which
closes the pump outlet port.

Pump Operation #2

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• Pump Failure Indication

ndication
When the pump outlet pressure is below 2500 psi, contacts of the pressure switch on the
related pressure filter manifold close; this causes the amber ENG PUMP FAULT light on the
HYDRAULIC control panel to come on.

NOTE: This light cannot come on when:

- the aircraft is in take-off,
take or
- the related engine is off,
off or
- the related ENG PUMP pushswitch is in off,
off or
- the related fire handle is operated.

NOTE: When the two pump outlet pressures are below 2500 psi, an amber HYDR SYST light
on the central annunciator panel comes on, when this panel operates in the back-up
back
(BU) mode.

Pump Alerts

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• Pressure Transducer
Pressure information is supplied through a transducer which is near the left pressure filter
manifold. A pressure signal processor in the control panel changes the information such that it
can be shown on the display.

Left Accessory Bay

Front Spar Center Wing

Pressure Transmitter

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• Fire Shut-off Valves

In case of an engine fire, a fire shut-off
shut valve closes and prevents hydraulic fluid to flow to the
engine pump. The valve has a DC motor which moves the valve to the shut position when the
related fire handle on the overhead panel is operated. A limit switch stops the DC motor when
the valve is in the shut position.
When the fire handle is moved back in the normal position, the DC motor opens the valve. One
more limit switch stops the DC motor when the valve is full open.
The fire shut-off
off valves are in the left and right accessory bays. Each valve shaft has an
indicator which shows the valve position.

Hydraulic Fire Shut-off

off Valve control
28V DC
EMER DC BUS 1 (2)

PULLED

2900-008

SHUT OPEN
M
== L (R) FIRE
SHUT-OFF
VALVE

Accessory Bay

Hydraulic Fire
Shut-off Valve

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• Manifolds
In each pressure supply line from the
the engine pump, there is a filter in the pressure filter
manifold.

NOTE: These filters have no bypass facility.

The head assembly of a pressure filter manifold has a latched-type latched type differential pressure
indicator which controls a magnetic indicator on the hydraulic ground-service
service panel in case of a
dirty filter. Each filter unit has one filter element.
The return filter manifold is very similar to the pressure filter manifold, but, it has a through-pass
valve built into the head assembly. This makes sure that that in case of a clogged return filter,
hydraulic fluid can flow back to the system reservoir, and the pressure in the return system
stays within limits.

The return filter manifold also has an anti-cavitation valve which prevents cavitation in case of
operation
ation of a consumer with different surface areas.

The pressure filter manifolds are in the left and right accessory bays. The return filter manifold
is in the hydraulic bay.

Accessory Bay

Differential Pressure
Switch and Indicator
Pump Low Pressure Switch

Outlet

Pressure Filter Manifold

Pressure Line Filter

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• System Reservoir
The system reservoir is located in the hydraulic bay. It is made of stainless steel; the fluid
capacity is 10 liters (2.6 US gallons).
This reservoir has:
- a sight glass
- an alternate filler plug
- an air pressure connection
- a fluid quantity transmitter
- a temperature switch
- a manifold with supply connections
- a return connection
- a drain plug.

Hydraulic Reservoir

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• Bleed-airair Pressure Regulating and Relief Valve

V
Air supplied from the de-icing
icing panels through a double check valve is used to pressurize the
system reservoir. This prevents aeration and makes sure that there is a positive pressure at the
inlet ports of the engine pumps.
The pressure regulating and relief valve controls the reservoir air pressure at 40 psi while a
relief valve relieves the pressure when above 50 psi. One more relief valve va prevents the
reservoir air pressure to decrease below ambient through more than 1.5 psi.
When the reservoir air pressure is below 15 psi, the amber TANK PR light on the HYDRAULIC
control panel comes on.
In the AIR PRESS connection line near the hydraulic
hydraulic ground service panel is a small bleed
hole. This allows moisture to escape and prevents freezing of this line.

Alerts and Quantity Transmitter

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• Hydraulic Fluid Quantity and Overheat Indication

In the system reservoir is a fluid quantity transmitter which is made up of a series of switches
and resistors. They are attached to a supporting board and protected through a guide tube.
This guide tube “guides” a float with a magnet.
Because the float and magnet move up and down with the level of the hydraulic fluid, only the
switch at that level is closed. The current agrees with the number of resistors in the circuit and
thus on the hydraulic fluid quantity in the system reservoir.
The current is suppliedlied to a quantity processor in the control panel which changes the
information such that it can be shown on the display when the display rotary selector is in
QTY (%).
When the fluid quantity is below 38%, the quantity processor supplies a ground signal to the
amber LO QTY light on the control panel.

When the temperature of the fluid is above 90°C (194°F), an overheat switch in the system
reservoir closes and supplies a ground signal to the amber OVHT (overheat) light on the
HYDRAULIC control panel. This switch is in a self-closing adapter to make its removal possible
without draining the system reservoir.

Quantity Indication

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1.5. Hydraulic System Failure
When the hydraulic system fails, the consumers operate as follows:
- normal brake control valves on accumulator pressure (1.64 cubic dm = 100 cubic inch)
- alternate brake control valves on accumulator pressure (0.8 cubic dm = 50 cubic inch)
- flaps through an electric motor
- landing gear extension through free-fall with springloaded downlocks
- nose-wheel steering
ring on the ground through differential braking or power.
power

All accumulators are of the cylinder-type

cylinder type with sealed end caps. One side of each accumulator
has nitrogen pressure; the other side the hydraulic pressure. The nitrogen and hydraulic fluid
are kept apart through a floating piston. The nitrogen pre-charge
pre charge pressure is 800 psi.
Movement of the pistons causes
cause a fluid layer on the wall of the cylinders. This hydraulic fluid in
the nitrogen side of the accumulators must regularly be removed through the drain
dra adapters on
the accumulators.

The accumulator of the normal brake control valves has a piston stop which prevents too much
hydraulic fluid to flow into this accumulator in case of a nitrogen pressure failure.

The normal brake accumulator is in the hydraulic

hydraulic bay; the alternate brake accumulator is in the
left main wheel bay.

Principle of Accumulators – Typical Example

3000 0 0
PSI PSI PSI
* * *

BRAKES BRAKES BRAKES

P<3000 PSI
P=3000 PSI P=800 PSI
>800 PSI

PISTON
STOP
(IN
IN NORMAL BRAKE
ACCUMULATOR ONLY)
ONLY
NITROGEN

2900-018
NITROGEN
CHARGE

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1.6. Hydraulic System with System Accumulator
Some Fokker 50’s have a system accumulator to prevent pressure surges. This accumulator is
in the tail cone of the left nacelle. A pressure indicator and a charge valve are on the hydraulic
ground service-panel.

Three Accumulator Configuration

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1.7. Symbols

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1.8. Location of Components

Component Location

Alternate brake accumulator In left main-wheel bay

Bleed-air pressure-regulating
regulating and relief-valve
relief In hydraulic bay

Bleed-air check valve In left main-wheel bay

Electric pump In hydraulic bay

Engine pumps One on each reduction gearbox

Fire shut-off valves One in each accessory bay

Normal brake accumulator In hydraulic bay

Hydraulic bay At the rear end of the left nacelle

Hydraulic ground-service
service panel In hydraulic bay

Pressure filter manifold One in each accessory bay

Return filter manifold In hydraulic bay

Seal drain and overflow tank Near hydraulic ground service panel

System reservoir In hydraulic bay

Low air-pressure switch In hydraulic bay

System pressure transducer In left accessory bay

Sample valve In left main-wheel bay

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